Diario las Américas Newspaper, March 21, 1954, Page 12

\ Published by THE AMERICAS PUBLISHING COMPANY G A. SAN ROMAN President FRANCISCO AGUIRRE Vice President and Publisher Carlos E. Simons Managing Editor S. SMITH Vice President HORACIO AGUIRRE Editor William H. Scharrer Head of Circulation Dept. FOR SUBSCRIPTIONS IN WASHINGTON DC. CALL THE AMERICAS “arnnd OFFICE. Phone RE-7-7415 Suite 910, 1001 Connecticut Ave. Washington United Press and Editor Press services. Advertising Department for the Unlted States and foreign countries c/o Joshua B. Powers Inc. SUBSCRIPTIONS, by ordinary mail $12.00 per year. For six months $6.00; three months $3.90. By air mail in the United States, Mexico and Canada, additional $3.60 a month. Regular issue 5 cents. Sunday issue 10 cents. 4249-36th St Miami Springs, Fla. Phone 88-7521 b MIAMI, FLA., SUNDAY, MARCH 21, 1954. IT’S HAPPENED IN ITALY TOO Events now transpiring in the Italian republic provide convincing proof of what we have been insisting on so many times in these columns in regard to the tactics deployed by Communists wher- ever they manage to garner one or more adepts for their way of life. In Italy of all places, the site where Latin civ- ilization first saw the light of day and likewise the spot where can be found the headquarters of a Church that has been providing powerful spiritual resistence to the forces of Marxisr’, the Communist party enjoys a prominent position in national life. Outside those countries included behind the Iron Curtain it is Italy that has the largest number of registered Communists in the whole world. In fact there are even some who insist that in all of Europe it is the Communist party in the Soviet Union alone that has more members and better disciplined ones than does Italy’s. Furthermore, the head of the Communist party in Italy is a well trained agent of Moscow who on more than one occasion has eaused Italian governments to totter and fall before his bold and clever assault tactics. In addition to all this the Kremlin has consistently provided some of its eleverest and best trained diplomatic agents to represent it in Italy. They are men who not only im Italy but elsewhere as well carry out their mis- sion by doing more than engaging in mere formal- ities and ingratiating smiles. They serve the Kreml- in in a much more positive manner by transmitting iatact the precise orders dispatched by a government that finds itself constantly occupied with waging a battle against forces opposed to it for the control of men’s minds. After the spectacle of a country torn by wav- erings, dodges and other odd maneuverings, the Italian people have finally witnessed the stabilizat- jon of a government headed by Mario Scelba, a figure well known in Europe for his consistent victories over Communists in his native land. Signor Scelba saw himself reduced to the extremity of consuming several weeks in order to consolidate his government and secure its approval by the Italian legislative assembly. Meanwhile, the Communists were doing their utmost to. stir up the masses with demands for higher salaries, send- ing out agents provocateurs to fight the regular police and other sorts of shenanigans. However, Mr. Scelba came out on top. Nonetheless, now that the new Italian primer minister has set out to tackle problems such as the stabilization of the lira, improvement of workers’ living conditions, the or- ganization of national defense in Italy and approval of the NATO mutual defense pact, we see the Reds returning to the fray once again and using the death of an obscure party girl as a pretext in an effort to overthrow the Scelba cabinet, sowing chaos, misery and disorder in their wake and hoping that these conditions, which are the ones on which mass wretchedness thrives, will provoke the implantation of a Communist régime in Italy. Happily, the leaders of the present Italian gov- ernment have recognized the Red tactics for what they’re worth and have recuperated from the initial onslaught of the Communists to iaunch a powerful eounter-attack. Those of us who find our inspiration in dem- 3 ecratic doctrine will be following with abated breath the outcome of a struggle which represents but another link in a chain of events resulting from a calculated campaign of defamation based on an ominous set of teachings—teachings that will eventually be laid to rest among the memory of the crimes they have caused to be perpetrated im this world of ours. The wise man, it was, who once said, “Evil shall not prevail”, : at SCIENCE | By DELOS SMITH United Press Science Editor NEW YORK (UP) —For about 40 years now the temperate and arctic regions have been getting warmer. What it means could be very important to us. But 22 sci- entists, learned in the many com- plexities which go into climate changes, can’t be sure of just what it does mean. Dr. Harlow Shapley, famous Harvard astronomer, one of the 22 and their spokesman, said it might well be the first beginnings of a new Ice Age. On the other hand, it could be the continuing retreat of the last one. But it. might be that the upper atmosphere is, at last, getting clear of the dust which gigantic vol- canic eruptions of the past 100 years hurled into it. To get your teeth into how and why climate changes you have to consult many sciences, such as physics, astronomy, biology, me- teorology, oceanography, palaeon- tology, geology, geography, and demography. The American Acad- emy of Arts and Sciences assem- bled the 22 scholars versed in these fields, for a two-day attempt at hard and fast answers. Book On Climate But those kinds of answers are rarely to be had, and certainly are not presently available as regards climate changes. Which isn’t to say that much knowledge doesn’t exist. Contrarily, the knowledge chewed over during the two days made a 310-page book, “Climatic Change,” which Shapley edited and which Harvard University Press is publishing. The 22 recognized man as a climate changer—but a puny one. He pours smoke into the atmos- phere and cuts down forest. But voleanic action flings mountain chains up from the earth’s su- face and these change the routing of air currents. Even more im- portant is that the strength of the radiations of the sun is not con- stant. Those radiations can be hotter or cooler for hundreds and thousands of years. Speaking of the possibility that we are living in the first moments (if a moment is considered to be a year or a decade) of a new Ice Age, Shapley said science was beginning to understand how Ice Ages came about. He outlined the steps, thus: “First, the sun must get hotter and radiate more energy than at present into the earth’s atmos- phere, and especially into the wa- ter bodies on it surface. A few degrees nise im temperature will suffice. Glaciers and High Land “The imcreased evaporation and atmospheric circulation leads to increased precipitation, and snow accumulates in the higher lati- tudes, increasing the temperature contrasts on the earth’s surface. “Concurrently with the heavier snows of winter, there must be heavier cloudiness and cooler tem- peratures in the summers so that the snow will not melt away. “We keep this machinery going for a century or two. Glaciers will begin to appear at favored loca- tions in higher middle latitudes and, at least in the Temperate and Arctic Zones, the earth’s surface will cool. “But there must also be high land if glaciers are to prosper and leave records for deciphering by future glaciologists. From the Silu- rian, Mississippian, and Jurassie periods, when the land was low, we have no glacial records.” Thus, the present changing cti- mate “may be an early stage, in that imcreased solar radiation pre- sages enhanced evaporation and precipitation, which im turn go along with the beginning of a new ive age.” Lilienthal well Impressed with Colombia’s Wealth NEW YORK. —(UP)— Former TVA director David E. Lilienthal speaking of his three-week trip to Colombia as a guest of that country’s government, said that Colombia “has arrived at a stage of great moment in its economie by helicopter and by donkey, and that “among the many things which attracted my attention were the Cauca and the Sinu Valleys, which are sections that could be most productive in Colombia.” He added that he was impressed by the “commercial sense” of all Colombians and that the majority of the people with whom he spoke practical business § “talked a ten years, . ~" THE AMERICAS DAILY U. S. IN CARACAS Speech By Delegate Waugh In Caracas The Members of the United States Delegation who arrived ten days ago have reported with enthusiasm the cordial reception they have receiv- ed in this beautiful capital of our host country. Since arriving a few days ago, I have caught this same spirit. We all look forward during the Conference to renewing old friendships as well as making new friends. It is our most sincere hope that working jointly with you, we will be able to make some orthwhile contributions toward solving some of our mutual problems, In his opening address last week, Secretary Dulles mentioned the report of the Randall Com- mission with which you are all familiar. In the very near future —possibly while we are still here— our President will send to the Congress a message outlining his recommendations for a Foreign Economic Policy in the light of that re- port. The Secretary also discussed the flow of ca- pital and technical asistance, our position on the coffee situation and the action our President has just taken on the wool tariff. I might add that on Monday our Government announeed a reduction in countervailing duties on wool tops from eighteen to six per cent. I am also pleased to refer to the heartening news of the progress made in several recommendations in the Eisenhower Report. The Secretary clarified certain questions about the future lending policy of the Export-Import Bank and mentioned the importanee we place on the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development. The statements which have been made in this Commission have been presented in a spirit of frankness and good will. This spirit we wish to reciprocate. Great care has gone into the pre- paration of your statements, and they deserve the serious consideration of all. In the Committee meetings to follow, our Delegates will sit down with you and discuss these and other important economic subjects in more detail. The economic development of the entire hemisphere is of major interest to the United States. We are all partners in seeking common economic goals. These common purposes were perhaps most simply and clearly expressed in the economic charter of the Americas: To live decent- ly and work and exchange productively in peace and security. The economic growth of each of us strengthens and broadens the basis for stable democratic societies of free men. One of the best assurances of a workable Inter-American system is the continued success of our efforts toward great- er economic development, The basic philosophy of the United States emphasizes individual freedom. Our economic beliefs rest on confidence in what President Eisenhower recently called “the expansive power of individual enterprise”. This is the revolutionary idea which, recognized or not, was so important in releasing human energies from the restraints of feudalism. The expansive power of individual enterprise again played a dramatic role when hemispheric trade came to flourish with the break- ing of the bonds of colonialism. We reaffirm our faith im this constructive and expansive force. ‘The reaffirmation of these beliefs has led us to reexamine the proper role of Government in modern society. Many of you have read the words of our President in his “Economie Report” to the Congress. May I quote from one section: “The Government can greatly help to maintain prosperity. But it is well to recall the accumulated experience of generations which has taught us that no Government can of itself create real and last- ing prosperity. A thriving economy depends fundamentally on the enterprise of millions of individuals, acting in their own interests and in the interests of their families and communities”. The President then went on to sag: “The best service that the Government can render our economy, besides helping to maintain stability and insuring a floor of protection for the Population, is therefore to create an environment in which men are eager to make new jobs, to acquire new tools of production, to improve or scrap the old ones, design new products and develop new markets, increase efficiency all around, and thus be able and willing to pay higher wages and provide better working conditions. The Federal Government is fostering and will continue to foster this kind of environment”. ‘We believe that the role of Government in the economy is to nurture and promote individual ef- fort and not to replace it. In carrying this principle into action, the United States Government is pledged to maintain fair and equitable conditions under which our business enterprises, large and small, and our workers ean operate most efficiently, The dignity and worth of each individual im our society is one of our most sacred values. My Government shares with the governments of the other American countries the objective of making these values a living reality. Our economy in 1953 achieved a gross nation- al product of $367 billion —the highest on record, and 5 percent larger than in 1952. Civilian em- ployment averaged 61.9 million for the year. Un- employment, although increasing at the end of the year, averaged 1% million, the lowest of all post- war years. Thus the economy had some of the characteristics of a business boom. As we move into 1954, production is down about 10 from its highest point and there is some im unemployment, though not beyond we have been experiencing is a transition from a wartime economy to one more nearly adjusted to peace. We appear to be making that adjustment Farm production in 1953 was high but prices cultural exports added to our domestie farm prob- jem. Jn foreign trade, United States exports of non- military goods to aH countries in 1953 were $10.2 billion, about $1 billion less than in 1952. At the same time that our exports declined, our total imports rose slightly to $10.9 billion in 1963. Our exports to Latin America were about fifteen per cent less than in 1052, amounting to $3.1 billion ll while our imports were $3.4 billion, about the same as in the previous year. Latin America thus continued to provide about one-third of our total imports, exceeding those from any other area in the world. Our banking system, our insurance companies and other figancial institutions have operated conservatively and are in a strong position. The general priee level has been stable. Plans of United States private business for new investment in plant and equipment and projects of States and Municipalities indicate continued heavy expend- itures for new capital investment. These and other factors provide the basis for confidence in the economic outlook. Your imterest in the growth and stability of our country is equalled by our abiding interest in economic eonditions in your countries. We fully recognize the problems facing various countries as their Delegates have described them in these meetings. We are profoundly impressed, however, by the great progress which country after country has made toward the solution of these problems, each working with its problems in its own way. Output in Latin America in the postwar period has increased by almost five percent annually. This is nothing short of spectacular. It exceeds the recent rate of growth in the United States. These gains have been based largely on the utilization of domestic resourees. Your own people provided most of the capital and their enterprise put the capital to work. Foreign ¢aj can hasten the development process, It will be attracted by conditions that promise fair treatment, stability and a return iitcae is interesting in relation to the return else- wi To provide incentives for an increased flow of private capital abroad, President Eisenhower has proposed specific changes in the United States tax laws. Among these are proposals (1) to tax income from foreign subsidiaries, or foreign branches that operate and elect to be taxed as subsidiaries, at a rate fourteen percentage points lower than the regular corporation rates and (2) to broaden the definition of foreign taxes which may be credited against the United States income tax. We fell that these recommendations, if enact- ed into law, will represent positive unilateral action by the United States Government to en- courage foreign investment. Bilaterally, there are further steps the United States is prepared to take. I refer to treaties for the alleviation of double taxation. These treaties are an integral part of the United States program to create a favorable tax climate for international trade and business. As of today, the United States is a party with foreign countries to fifteen treaties relating to income taxes. Unfortunately, we have no treaty with any Latin American Republic. We trust that, in furtherance of their expressed desire for foreign private capital, the Latin American Republic will be receptive to our offer to meet and attempt to work out mutually equitable ar- Tangements to clarify international tax relations and minimize double taxation: The United States also continues to be interest- ed im negotiating with other governments more general treaties which will define the terms under which private capital may enter and operate in foreign countries. Discussion on a bilateral basis looking toward the establishment of common rules for the treatment of foreign investments would be We are ready to discuss these treaty matters im the appropriate committee. You have made tlear at this Conference your concern about the relative prices of primary products and manufactured goods in international trade and the instability of raw material prices. We agree on the importance of these problems. They are, however, highly technical subjects which are difficult to treat adequately in this statement. I feel these are matters for fuller discussion in the appropriate committee. In the field of primary production we have problems in my own country. The United States has always been a major producer and exporter of agricultural products. Today we are confronted with large surpluses arising in part from the great efforts to relieve shortages of farm products re- sulting from the devastation and destruction of World War Two. It is worth noting that one of the primary causes of these surpluses has been our attempt to maintain too rigid a relationship be- tween the prices of farm products and other prices. One result has been to price our agricultural products owt of many foreign markets. it takes time to adjust our agricultural econ- omy to the more normal demand which has now developed. Legislation has been recommended to the Congress which, it is hoped, will hasten these adjustments. In the meantime, my Government is keeping its international responsibilities very much ia mind in dealing with this problem. It is taking precautions to prevent, so far as possible, the disposal of our surpluses from interfering with normal marketings of friendly countries. Our interest in the economic subjects under discussion at this Tenth Inter-American Confer- ence is reflected in the fact that, in addition to the Tepresentatives of the Department of State, my Government is also represented by W. Randolph Burgess, Deputy to the Secretary of the Treasury; Samuel W. Anderson, Assistant Secretary of Com- merce; our Representative on the Inter-American Economie and Social Council, your longtime friend, Ambassador Merwin L. Bohan; Major Gen- eral Glen E. Edgerton, Managing Director of the Expert-import Bank, together with members of their staffs. These gentlemen are here to parti- cipete im our committee discussions. Many of our problems are not susceptible of easy or once and for all solutions. This much can be said with assurance: not only during this Conference but im the months and years to come there will be continuing and friendly consultations- among us. We will constantly seek to develop with you constructive economic policies based on the mutuality of our interests. . It is for these reasons that we welcome and support the suggestion made here for a special Economie Conference. Possibly the Extraordinary Meeting of the Inter-American Economic and Social Council, planned for this year, would serve this purpose. In friendship and with a feeling of common destiny we shall strive to work out with you com - prise Rees : Miami, Fla., Sunday, March 21, 1954. 4 FINANCIAL NOYES OF THE WEEK GERMAN MISSION ARRIVES Dr. Ludwig Erhard, German Economic Minister, arrived in Li- ma accompanied by his wife and a group of German dignitaries. The German mission came from Mexico, where they took part in inaugurating an exposition called “Germany and its Industry”. The delegation, accepting an invitation by the Peruvian govern- ment, will stay until the end of the month. PACT APPROVED Uruguay’s National Government Council approved a trade pact be- tween Uruguay and Spain, signed in Montevideo last month. COPPER DECISION STILL PENDING U. S. officials have again post- poned the decision as to whether or not to buy 100,000 tons of Chi- lean copper to relieve Chile of its dangerous surplus and build up strategic reserves in the United States. The Chilean offer has been ac- tively studied during the past week. Official sources’ said that the in- decision on closing the deal in- volved a “question of opportun- ity.” They refused to explain this statement, although they said that the United States has already ex- pressed its willingness to buy Chi- le’s copper surplus, and that they still hold this attitude. ARGENTINES LEAVE CZECHOSLOVAKIA An Argenitne commercial dele- gation has left Checoslovakia after two weeks of negotiations, accord- ing to a Chec news report trans- mitted by the Prague radio. “Although negotiations revolved chiefly around the possibility of commercial trade,” the radio re- port said , “it is hoped that trade between the two countries will be extended shortly.” The radio said that the head of the Argentine mission, Carlos Dardalla, said that Chee products had restege in Argentina, es- pecially machinery, and that the economies of the two countries could complement each other in a mutually profitable manner. VENEZUELAN OIL INCREASES The Venezuelan Petroleum Com- pany announced substantial jin- creases in income last year, which reflect the increase in the produc- tion of crude oil as well as in- creases in price. 5 The company in which Sinclair Oil Corp. owns 86 percent of the stock, earned a net profit of $3, 850,426, or 96 cents a share, com- pared to $2,662,790, or 67 cents per share in 1952. The company announced that during the year net production of crude petroleum and natural gas rose by 24 percent, until a daily production of 13,159 barrels per day was reached. Nevertheless, dai- ly production at the end of the year was 15,000 barrels daily. At mid-year the price of crude petroleum rose by 25 cents a bar- rel. The company also announced it had succesfully ended two-new ex- ploratory drillings in the state of Barinas, and that this new field appeared to be a great potential source of the product. * Capital expenses were $5,438, 000, compared to $5,126,000 spent in 1952. Of the totals, 93 and 86 percent, respectively, went out for exploration and produc- tion of crude petroleum. The company paid or owes the Venezuelan government some. $5, 500,000 in royalties, taxes “and other payments for 1953. RANDALL COMMITTEE AGAINST HIGHER WOOL IMPORT DUTIES Group presented a thorough report after making a lengthy analysis of conditions in Latin countries Reports by the technical per- sonnel of the Randall Commission on Foreign Economy revealed that the opinion of the majority of ex- perts is definitely against the in- crease of import duties on wool. “The interest of the wool in- dustry and the Defense Depart- ment lies in being free to chose among different types and quali- ties of national and imported woolens, without being bothered by changes in government policies or variations in the amount of mer- chandise available to the govern- ment,” said one of the memoran- dums. “The United States consumption of wool by clothiers has been ad- versely affected by the competition of ‘synthetic materials, and it seems inappropriate to worsen this situa- tion by making national production more costly or further restricting competition from imported wool. “In this respect, the interest of the great majority of farmers and cattle growers in the United States is that of a consumer, not the pro- ducer, since the price of woolen manufacturing is part of the total cost of merchandise bought by the farmers and cattlemen.” The reports include many refer- ences to coffee trade, but they were prepared before recent in- vestigations into the matter were completed by the Federal Com- merce Commission and Congres- sional committees. The experts pointed out that the United States imports all the cof- fee it needs. Coffee, therefore, is considered a product “a complen- tary item” or free from competi- tion.” Later on the reports stated that United States economy and govern- ment policies exercise a powerful infuence over world prices of cof- fee, as with. wheat, cotton, sugar, wool and rubber. The report said that the prices for these articles had fluctuated considerably since World War Il, and have presented many theore- tical plans to stabilize the prices of basic articles, though none of them are able to be directly applied to the coffee situation. They pointed out that foreign supplier countries had an extra- ordinary interest in United States importation policies, since a large portion of their production is ex- ported to the U. S. In 1950, for example, Chile sent 71 per cent of its copper production, and Cuba sold 52 per cent of its sugar to the United States. The Randall Commission stated... that the U. S. has important poli- tical interest in the promotion of economic development and the raising of living standards in the undeveloped areas of the world. “Foreign capital investment ish one of the factors which contribu- tes to winning masses of the peo- ple of Asia,- Africa and Latin America to the cause of the free ~~ world,” said one of the commission experts. Some doubt was cast om the practicability of bilateral pacts of capital investment or of an “inter- national investment code,” as a means of promoting the investment. of capital abroad. It agreed- that pacts were useful and desirable in- struments, “but it is easy to ex- aggerate the contribution that these could make to further the volume of foreign investments.” The report later analyzed the practicability of diferent kinds of duties reduction and customs ex- emptions as a means of promoting the flow of private foreign capital abroad. Experts say that United States depends on the countries of con- tinental America to obtain a large portion of the minerals and metals than it needs.. The exportation of these prod-. ucts to the United States consti- tutes the principle sources of do- Jars for these countries, with which they can buy merchandise and services from the U.S. “The United States is as inter-, ested as the other countries of the continent that the interchange of goods and services, and the flow of U. S. invesiments, maintain a high level,” said the report. “One of the way of doing these things is to lower import duties.” SPANISH LESSONS FOR BEGINNE BY G. B. Palacin Professor of the University of Miami, Fla. LESSON 49 (ec) Cuanto as and adjective means as much as, as many as. Ex.: Cuan- tas veces le veo le saludo, As many times I see him, I great him. Cuante as a pronoun means all that, all those. Ex.: Hago cuante puede. I do all that I can, Cuante mas... més... means the more... the more. . . Ex.: Cuante més tiene més quiere. The more he has, the more he wants. Cuante antes means at once. Ex.: Le pidié hacerlo cuanto antes. He asked him to do it at once. Em cuanto is as soon as. Ex.: Comeré en cuanto termine este tra bajo. I shall eat as soon as I finish this work. En cuanto a is in regard te. Ex.: Mi opinién em cuanto a tu amige es buena. My opinion in regard to your friend is good. Translate into Spanish. 1. The more one studies, the more ene leans. 2. He asked me to go at once. 3. John reads all that he can. 4. In learns. 2. He asked me to go at once. 3. John reads all that he can. 4. In. I read this letter. (el) ferrocarril railroad (el) tanel tunnel (la) calle street (la) esquima corner (la) cuadra block (la) avenida avenue (el) bulevar boulevard (la) plaza square (la) carretera highway (el) ropa oh arag (el) puerto (el) aeropuerto airport Write in Spanish twelve sentences using the words ferrocasril, té- + -==man problems. nel, calle. ete, Ex.: El ferrocarril pasa cerca de la ciudad,