Diario las Américas Newspaper, March 21, 1954, Page 11

THE WEATHER Clear to pares, ~xvully. Continued war. fol- lowed by colder Sun- day. \ ese aA MO IESE SRSA MIAMI, FLA., SUNDAY, MARCH 21, 1954. The Jf For a better understanding between the Americas THE AMERICAS DAILY For Liberty, Culture and Hemispheric Solidarity NUMBER 216 Latins Unite to Present a SolidGreat Britain | Front at the Economic Conferences ie sora They succeed in imposing their viewpoints on those of the U. S. —_—_o—_————_ CARACAS —(UP)— The Latin American countries have shown at Caracas that they are ready to present a united front at the con- férence of economy and treasury ministers of the Americas to take place in Rio de Janeiro late this year. : During debates on four basic economic issues being discussed by the Tenth Inter-American Con- ference, the Latins have formed a bloc and have succeded in im- posing their viewpoints on those of the United States. Despite a negative vote by the United States, the raw material- producing countries have been promoting the following projects ‘in subcommission talks: 5 1. Industrialized countries (a di- geet reference to the United States) must eliminate all restric- Batista Rules Out Any Possibility of Revolution —O—— WASHINGTON —(UP)— Cu- ‘ban president Fulgencio Batista, in a television interview with co- lumnist Drew Pearson, said that _ he has not yet decided if he will be a candidate for the presiden- cy in the national elections to be held next November. Nevertheless, he said that “there are indications in that the prima- ries of 1953 were suspended be- cause the opposition parties re- fused to enter candidates.” Batista said that the best me- thod to combat Communism in Latin America is to raise the standard of living to improve the social structure of the nations of this continent. Y The president said that Cuba is heading im this direction chiefly through the diversification of eco- nomy and bettering national indus- try, and he believes the best anti- dote against Communism menace consists of eliminating conditions in which it thrives. To questions concerning the possibility of another revolution in Cuba, Batista answered: “I am sure that today there is no pos- sibility of another revolution.” It is important to remember, he stated, that “we took the country from the hands of a corrupt go- vernment in 1952, without firing a shot and without a word of pro- test from a single citizen”. Belizeans will Resist any Delay in Coming Voting —_o0——_ BELIZE, B. H. (UP).—A spoke- man for the People’s United party said that if coming local elections are postponed and if the terms of members of the present legislative assembly are extended, the people of the British colony should under- take'a campaign of civil resistence against being deprivec of their eonstitutional rights. “The legislature of the colony al- feady once postponed elections from. 1951 to 1953 and it then proceeded to postpone them once again until now. - The British press has been pre- dicting that elections and approv- al of a new constitution for the colony will be postponed once more until there has been an in- vestigation of supposed links be- tween the colony’s People’s Unit- ed party and Guatemalan organi- gations. Commenting on the present si- tuation, the PUP spokesman said that “this issue must not be al- lowed to go on as a mere fight between the Peoole’s United party and the colonial government when it-is quite evident that the Brit- ish press has been plotting for months and describing the people (of this colony) as crude and un- eivilized and the members of our party as ‘gangsters’ so as to in- duce the government *e~ postpone elections in which‘» xras been pre- dicted the People’s United party will win hands down.” The party spokesman deplored the development, saying that it would only cause more damage and scare foreign capital from emigrating to the colony. The party held a mammoth night meeting despite a heavy downpour of rain. The meeting witnessed attendance of around ‘100 people who heard speakers take to task the proposed inves- tigation of the party. { tions on imports of raw materials and natural and semi-manufac- tured products and must eliminate discriminatory practices. 2. Before certain raw materials may be classified as of strategic importance (as in the case of Chilean copper), the nations of the Americas must hold mutual con- sultations. 3. Surpluses of farm products (of which the United States alone has around 5 billion dollars worth) must not be market@d interna- tionally in an_ indiscriminate manner, while sales of such sur- pluses must be made at fair prices and without upsetting the econo- mies of agricultural economy countries. 4. Countries which consume na- tural products and raw materials (the United States is the main consumer of these products in the Americas) must pay fair prices for these products and “avoid res- trictions.” All the above proposals are me- rely recommendations, but they represent —according to several Latin American delegates— “the main weapon in the battle that will be decided at the Rio de Ja- neiro meeting of economy and treasury ministers.” The same delegates said they hoped that “the solidarity of Latin American countries that was de- mostrated at Caracas will become general American solidarity in Rio de Janeiro.” The action of the United States consisting of ‘voting negatively on jmain Latin American-sponsored }economic proposals caused the | first vigorous reaction in debates |on such measures. Mexico exploded a bomb shell in the conference deliberations by charging the United States with “having violated the principle of inter-american cooperation through haveng given discriminatory aid to NATO countries”. The charge was hurled when |calm debate was in process on a Chilean proposal for inter-Ameri- can consultation meetings pre- vious to classification of certain raw materials as “strategic”. After the Chilean motion was approved —with the United States dissenting— Mexican delegate Ri- ‘cardo Torres Gaitan asked for the |floor and proceeded to accuse the ; United States of having given fi- nancial aid to North Atlantic pact countries while applying discri- minatory treatment to Latin Ame- |rican countries. American representative Samuel Anderson, who was sitting next to the Mexican representative, lis- tened with an unmoved mien to the translation of Gaitan’s words, but offered no reply to them. IMPORTANT JAPANESE ECONOMIC MEETING HELD IN MEXICO CITY 77 heads of diplomatic missions in Latin America convene to discuss trade relations MEXICO CITY —(UP)— Japa- nese ambassadors to several West- ern Hemisphere nations declared here that Japan must increase its trade contacts with Latin Ameri- ca so as to be able to expand its purchases from that area of the Western Hemisphere. At a round table discussion held at the end of a trade and cultur- al conference attended by 77 heads of diplomatic missions and a special representative from the Japanese foreign relations minis- try in Tokyo, the diplomats assert- ed that Japan is ready to sell goods, and particularly machinery, to the Western Hemisphere. Without divulging concrete fi- gures for the countries to which they are respectively accfedited, the diplomatic envoys expressed their gratification at the amount of , goods Japan has been import- ing from Latin America, but as- serted that exports from Japan to that area should increase as a result of decisions taken during their Mexico City meeting. Shini Kimizuka, the Japanese ambassador to Brazil, emphasized that although trade agreements are advantageous, “this doesn’t mean that a lack of trade pacts may constitute an impediment to expanding our trade relations with those Latin American coun- tries which still haven’t conclud- ed trade agreemtns with us.” Ki- mizuka also said that he estimated that Japanese imports of Brazil- ian goods tripled last year, parti- cularly in respect to mineral pro- ducts and cotton. Kanichiro Kubota, Japan’s am- bassador to Mexico, said that talks are still proceeding for a trade pact with the mexican govern- ment. “Our situation witn respect to Mexico is similar to that in re- gard to Brazil, because we are buying large amounts of Mexican products, including more than half of the Mexican cotton crop, but we are not selling to the Me- xicans in the same proportion,” the ambassador said. “At present we make almost all our purchases there through middleman in the United States and we would like to negotiate with Mexico direct- ly,” he added. He also asserted that talks are proceeding for the construction of textile factories in Mexico with the aid of both Mexican and Japanese capital. Toshitaha Okirbo, the Japanese ambassador to Argentina, said that now that Japan has a trade pact with Argentina, its trade with that South American country should expand considerably. Answering a query put to him by a reporter, Yuji Takeuchi, who is Japanese minister to the Unit- ed States, said that Japan has be- nefited from the McCarran immi- gration act because “in contrast to what was formerly true, Japanese immigrants can now enter the United States as a result of the new law”. Kiviichi Tatsuke, who is a cul- tural representative from the Jap- anese foreign relations ministry, spoke of cultural relations with the Latin American nations. “Unfortunately there isn’t much cultural interchange between Ja- pan and Latin America, although we are ready to undertake an im- {portant program shortly,” Tatsuke said. Guatemala’s Organized Opposition Supports Caracas Anti-Red Drive Document handed the Conference by three representatives of anti-Communist movement —_—_——__0—______. CARACAS. —(UP)— Guatema- lan exiles who have been busy di- recting the opposition to the pre- sent Guatemalan regime. from neighboring Central American countries have delivered a declara- tion supporting a conference-ap- proved anti-Communist resolution to the secretary general of the Tenth Inter-American Conference. Attorneys Carlos Salazar, Luis Valladares Aycinena and Luis Co-. ronado Lira, who arrived in Cara- cas around the first of the week as envoys of four “Guatemalan anti-Communist organizations”, de- livered the document as well as “credentials” which identified the three men as representatives of the opposition to President Jaco- bo Arbenz’ administration. The main part of the document —which may or may not be dis- tributed for the information of ~~. the delegates by the secretary gen- eral— ~ead: “We must demonstrate before Tenth Inter-American Conference on behalf of the organized oppo- sition located outside the borders of our country and as represen- tatives of the Guatemalan people who for obvious reasons have been prevented from coming to this con- ference to express. themselves.” The three Guatemalan exiles who presented the document were se- lected to go to Caracas by a re- cent meeting held by their col- leagues in Tegucigalpa, the capi- tal of Honduras. The opposition groups which ex- pressed their support to the anti- Communist resolution approved a week ago by the conference and the heads of the above groups who signed the document are the Committee of Guatemalan Anti- Communist University Studehts in LONDON —(UP)— The fact |that the inter-American conferen- ce meeting in Caracas approved |an Argentine resolution condem- ning the presence of European |colonies in the Western Hemi- ed to comment on the action. There wasn’t even official agm- ment forthcoming about the mat- ter, although the stand taken by the British government in the past, whenever an inter-American conference decided to discuss the issue, has been and continues to be —that not only inter-Ameri- can conferences but also the Unit- ed Nations itself lacks jurisdic tion to decide such an issue. In cases where disputes have arisen as to sovereignty the Brit- ish government has offered to sub- mit such disputes te the World Court at the Hague. It has done so with respect to Guatema- lan claims on British Honduras and to Argentine and Chilean claims on British holdings in the Antarctic. The colonial issue at Caracas was considered under two heads —colonies under european con- trol and the so-called “occupied territories”. The Falkland Islands (Malvinas) “occupied territories” by Argenti- na and Chile, Guatemala regards British Honduras likewise. British Guiana and most of the British West Indies seem to fit into the category of colonies be- longing to a European power. After four centuries of occupa- tion, administration and govern- ment in these territories, the Brit- sphere went almost unnoticed in | the London press, which even fail- and its dependencies in the An-| tarctic Ocean are considered to be | Condemnation of Colonies The attitude assumed at Caracas is unrealistic, British officials say 5 —_o-——_- ,ish public and the press of Great | Britain consider resolutions and | claims on such holdings as some- what fanciful. The stand of the British govern- | ment is that as long as Argentina, |Chile and Guatemala refuse submit their respective claims to he Hague court there is no reason to take them seriously. As for British and other colo. |nial possessions in the Caribbean, | the official British position is that | the attitude assumed at Caracas by |the conference is unrealistic and shows a lack of knowledge about | current historical happenings. It has been hinted that there \is a plan afoot to unite all the | British colonies in the Caribbean, as well as British Guiana and British Honduras, into an inde- | pendent political body as a part j of the British Commonwealth of | Nations, along with all the pre- |rogatives belonging to such na- tions. The plan was ratified by dele- ates from the British posses- ions last April in London, and it | presently is before the respective | legislative bodies of British terri- /tories in the Caribean area. It has likewise been noted here that the recent constitutional dif- |ficulties experienced by British Guiana and British Honduras have arisen not as a result of restric- tive or oppressive measures adopt- ed by a colonial administration in London, but rather by what many feel to be a “hasty” conces- sion of political independence in accordance with the announced intention of the British govern- ment to afford political freedom |for its colonial possessions in the | Western Hemisphere. NEW YORK. —(Special service) The “Provisional Committee on Latin American Affairs “recently sponsored a meeting held in New York City during which the featur- ed speakers asserted that “the is- sue of Communism in Guatemala is merely a pretext for carrying on United States interventionist policies in that country.” The Provisional Committee on Latin American Affairs is a de- finitely Communist-line association that was set up to defend the Arbenz regime in Guatemala. It evidently has connections with a monthly publication circulating in New York under the title of “Latin America Today”. Up until a year ago this publication came out on- ly in mimeographed form, but now it appears as a slick-paper perio- dical and it follows the Guatema- lan Communist party line. One of the meeting’s main spea- kers was Elmer Bendiner, a board member of Latin America Today an also publisher of the National Guardian, a pro-Communist week- ly that came into being during the Henry Wallace campaign in 1948. Free copies of Latin Ameri- ca Today for the months of Ja- nuary and February which con- tained attacks against the United Fruit Company and United States policies in Guatemala were dis- tributed among people attending the meeting, which took place on the evening of March 12. Bendiner disclosed during the course of his address that he had recently spent several months in Guatemala and that he had pre- viously traveled in Latin America. He belittled charges that Guate- mala was controlled by Communist although he neglected to add that his passport had been revoked by State Department officials since his return to the U.S. Actress Karen Morley, who has been banned in Hollywood and who recently took part in the Broadway production “The Mad- woman of Chaillot’, read a state- ment and several poems of Luis Cardozo y Aragén whom she described as an outstanding Gua- temalan poet. She stated that Car- doza had been an ambassador for his country but neglected to add Exile located in Tegucigalpa —Li- onel Sisniega Otero; the Guate- malan Anti-Communist Front in Exile from San Salvador, El Sal- vador— Rene Fernandez Alfaro; the Guatemalan Anti-Communist Committee in Exile from San Pe- dro Sula, Honduras, Manuel de J. Juarez and the Front of Guate- malan, Exiles in Mexico, Roberto \Gomez de Leén — RED FIGURES MEET IN N. Y. TO START CAMPAIGN FOR GUATEMALA They claim the Guatemalan government is not controlled by International Communism ———_0—____—__——_ , that his service had been confined to the Soviet Union. She also re- |frained from mentioning the fact that the poet is a steady contri- |butor to know Communist publi- |eations, both in Guatemala and abroad. Lorraine Hansberry, a Negro girl who attended the inter-Ameri- can Communist convention held in Montevideo two years ago, ad- dressed the New York meeting with greetings which had been previously published the same day by the New York Daily Worker after they had been received from parties supporting the Arbenz ré- gime in Guatemala. Alliance of the Guatemalan Women and the Alliance of Guatemalan Democra- tic Youth, which are part of world Communist-front organizations, al- so sent their greetings. Robert Morss Lovett, who once served as acting governor of the Virgin Islands, made a speech on what was supposedly an account of American intervention in the Caribbean area, but he departed from the purpose of his address to such a degree that the organi- zers of the meeting were reduc- ed to the extremity of offering him a glass of water and asking him to refrain from speaking any fur- ther. During his speech Lovett put the Communist in a tight spot by stating that Puerto Rico was receiving greater benefits from the United States under present arrangements than vice versa and other embarrassing things of this sort. Paul Robeson, the well know American colored singer, deliver- ed himself of a heated speech de- aling with the “fight for national liberation in Guatemala” which he compared to those previously fo- ught by the Soviet Union, Red China and the other “people’s de- mocracies”. He dedicated a Com- munist song on the theme of youth which he sang in English, Spanish and Russian, to the Communist youth movement of Guatemala. A collection of money was taken during the meeting, but no one specified how much had been col- lected. A move to pass a resolution was “approved” after it was voted when people attending the meet- ing were already leaving the hall. The person in charge of the ar- rangements announced that the meeting was only the first of a series of similar meetings which would take place at later dated throughout the country. The meeting was timed to coin- cifle with a Daily Worker editorial entitled “Hands Off Guatemala”, which followed the well known party line. to | rency Committee, whose me:nbers toured Latin America late last | year to investigate local economic conditions, has recommended that the United States improve hemi- pherie relations by increasing its consumption of goods and servi- ces from other hemispheric na-| tions. The committee saic that the La- tin American republics should co- operate by making it easier for investments of private foreign ca- pital and that individual govern- ments should as far as possible ‘refrain from engaging in industri- al and trade enterprises. The committee’s recommenda- tions are contained in a lengthy, 648 page report, just made public and are based on a study of Ex- portImport Bank and World Bank policies and on a survey of Latin American economic pro- blems. The report recommends that the United States do the following things: 1. Increase its purchases of La- tin American goods and services. 2 Adjust tariff rates adequate- ly and keep them that way for a minimum period of at least five years. 3 Increase import quotas as far as feasible. 4 Cooperate more closely with Latin American nations in regard to political and economic matters by considering these countries to be associates in a common under- taking, refraining from imposing United States’ viewpoints on them and always consulting with them as to best ways for getting satis- factovy results in hemispheric af- fairs. 5 Gooperate more closely and show more hospitality toward La- tin Americans visiting the United States by lessening the hindrances preventing them from visiting the United States. 6 Encourage private capital to emigrate to Latin America. 7 Expand the activities of the Export-Import Bank by making lirect loans or private business Pence 8 Be more consistent im policy principles. 9 Show greater liberality in re- gard to payments: for purchases by affording longer time limits. 10 Encourage an increase in output of raw materials by. Latin America and particularly in re- gard to those products felt by the United States to be of strategic importance to it. 11 Maintain fair prices for La- tin American goods. 12 Help Latin American nations | to industrialize so that they can create more jobs, raise living standards and increase their pur- chases of goods from the United States. 13 Encourage Americans to t#ke stock of Latin American culture, civilization and opportunities and to acquaint themselves better with individual Latin American coun- tries, their ethnic makeup and the attractions offered by each coun- try. The report goes on to recom- mend what Latin American coun- tries should do to help the United States: 1 Increase purchases of Ameri- can goods and services. 2 Reduce import duties and ex- port levies as soon as possible, re- placing losses that might result from such a step by imposing suit- able taxes on personal income and capital. 3 Create a suitable climate for the investment of foreign capital by means of appropriate laws and |reign capital. .... . joes actions. 4 Refrain from taking part as far as possible in enterprises that BRITISH CONCERNED OVER LATIN MERCHANT FLEET COMPETITION LIVERPOOL (UP)— The Bri- tish Merchant Marine is meeting increasing competition from South and Central American countries anxious, to form their own mer- chant fleet, according to the Ship Owners Association of Liverpool. In its annual report, the asso- ciation said that present competi- tion is as strong as before the war, and felt that it probaly will become stronger in the next few years. The association also said that “certain foreign governments” allow illegal practices to aid form- ing their own merchant fleets, dis- criminating against British ships. “The association has the right to ask the government to make clear that old and well-established British operations will not stand by idly and be hurt by these prac- tices,” it said. “If such practices are continued, neither internatio- nal commerce nor its servant, in- ternational shipping, will be able PANORAMA 5 Refrain from making distinc- tions between domestic and fo- 6 Improve communication faci- lities and increase output of elec- trical energy by affording all sorts of incentives to any power compa- | | vor investment of capital in Peru, ny, whether private or public. 7 Cooperate closely not only with the United States and Can- ada but also with the remaining | Latin American republics zn over- all political and economic policies. 8 Achieve currency stabiliza- tion. 9 Publish the truth about the | Wnited States, letting the people of Latin America know that the people of the Uniteg States are their friends and will deal with them fairly. As a result of its investigations of economic conditions in various Latin American countries, the committee maee known the fol- lowing surveys: BRAZIL Industrial development has made a lot of headway in Brazil. “In fact, there are those who feel that the enormous strides which have been made in this field of activity have served to tax the remainder of the Brazilian economy, which has failed to pre- ceed at an equal pace. Shortages of electrical energy and the short- comings of transportation facili- ties have impeded economic de- velopment and farm output has |} lagged behind.” The postwar period bs seen a resumption of former ®mmercial relations between Brazil and Eu- rope. During the war Brazil became used to American produced goods, “but unless the United States tloesn’t take suitable steps to inaintain its markets in Brazil, Eu- ropean capital and products will fill the gap.” COLOMBIA Colombia affords a climate for investments of Amertcan capital as suitable as that of any other Latin American country. “Although the present govern- ment hasn’t been confirmed by public approval in elections, it seems to enjoy the confidence of Colombian and American business- men.” “The government. apparently re- alizes that the country’s economic development and a rise in popular living standards require the aid of foreign capital.” According. to the report, there is apprehension in Colombia that the present Colombian govern- ment doesn’t intend to participate in commercial activities of any kind, CHILE Foreign capital continues to flow to Chile in ever growing amounts despite several unfavora- ble factors. Z “In order to set up a new in- dustry in Chile, whether the capi- tal backing for it be of domestic or foreign origin, the investor first has to obtain a permit from the commission on location of new in- dustries of the Ministry of Econo- my and Trade. ‘A recently enacted decree is de- signed to attract foreign capital for investment in the evelop- ment of national resources.” The report of the committee into detail about the guaran- tees and exemptions provided by the decree, but it points out that in order to make profits in Chile, capital must be mvested in cer- tain, specified ways. MEXICO A The economic atmosphere in Mexico is favorable for American capital under the present govern- ment of that country despite cer- tain popular attitudes of resist- ence, the committee reports. The committee also points out that the trend toward nationali- zation of industries, which was a notable feature in Mexico for some time, has ceased to exist. “In past decades Mexico na- tionalized landholdings or agri- cultural purposes and it nation- alized the oil industry and some of its railways, although the methods it chose for paying for the property it expropriated are generally felt to have been accept- able. Present policies have reduc- ed to a minimum the possibility that nationalization is liable to take place in other industries.” PERU Because of its stable govern- ment and a favorable attitude to- ward foreign capital, Peru cons- titutes one of the most attractive nations of the hemisphere as far as American capital is concerned. “During its tour of Latin Ame- rica the committee was extreme- ly well impressed with the attitu- de shown by the Peruvian people and their government in regard to private initiative, to govern- ment intervention in pusiness and to domestic social and economic matters. “The results that Peru has achieved by eliminating govern- Economic Outlook In Latin Countries ‘ The Senate Banking and Cur-| should be left to individual effort. | ment interference in domestic eco- nomic and financial affairs and by affording opportunities for priva- te eapital, whether of domestic or foreign origin, are worthy of stu- dy by other countries.” The committee went on to enu- merate various factors which fa- among which are the following: A stable government without any major opposition since 1948. Favorable attitudes on the part of the government toward private capital. Few restrictions on foreigners or foreign companies. No trend toward nationaliza- tion evident. Excellent oil and mining legis- lation on the law books. No restrictions on foreign ex- change. URUGUAY The committee felt that Uru- guay will probably denounce its trade pact with the United States if duties on imported wool are raised. “Uruguay is very much concern- ed about the possibility of an in- crease in customs duties in the United States because of the pre- sence there of hoof-and-mouth di- sease, so that the only product from which Uruguay can derive collar income is wool.” The committee reported that conditions for American capital in Uruguay are relatively good ex- cept in the case of electric com- panies which belong to the govern- ment in Uruguay. VENEZUELA The committee reported that there is “growing fear in Vene- zuela that additional restrictions on imports of Venezuelan oil will be imposed.” “An increase in duties on pe- troleum or restrictions on imports by the United States would have very serious consequences for the economic, social and political life of Venezuela, for oil represents the country’s life.” Several committee members vi- sited Venezuela late last year dur- ing a tour of South America where the committeemen studied hemi- spheric economic problems. “Venezuela cannot understand how it is possible that despite the traditional friendly relations be- tween the United States and that country, the American govern- ment would destroy the economic and political ties linking both countries by imposing tariff res- trictions.” The report said that the com- mittee was favorably impressed “with the fact that most Venezue- lans feel that American capital can best be used in the form of direct loans and investments to private industries.” Trade Office Head Seeks Investments By U. S. In Brazil NEW YORK —(UP)— Francis- co Medaglia, the new director of the Brazilian government trade ex- pansion office in New York, told reporters that he would concen- trate on “encouraging American petvate capital to emigrate to Bra- zil.” Medaglia said that newly enact- ed Brazilian laws “afford all kinds of guarantees” for foreign inves- tors. He emphasized that Brazil “has never expropriated a foreign com- pany” and that “investors now can withdraw both capital and earnings without restrictions.” Medaglia described this system as “revolutionary” from the eco- nomic point of view. He explained that the American investors in Brazil would enjoy an annual mi- nimun profit on capital invest- ments running around 17 percent, while average earnings would run around 50 percent. “The profit rate is such that it will enable investors to buy their dollars on the free market (for repatriation) and even then make large earnnings. They can also buy dollars at the official rate ‘when the government has any availa- ble’ ”. Medaglia made it clear that “this is the time to make invest- ments in Brazil, because 10 years from now the same opportunities will no longer exists inasmuch as progress itself wilt prevent such a thing.” (This new law affecting foreign investments was passed 3 months ago.) Medaglia said that among Bra- zil’s main problems figured first of all “transportation,” then “elec- trification and food production.” He said that because of its na- tural wealth, Brazil was a “land of the future” and added, “My country needs as much from the United States as the United States needs from Brazil. We supply raw materials and you send us capital in exchange.”