Evening Star Newspaper, January 31, 1932, Page 5

U.S. FLEET READY 0 AID AMERICANS All Ships Will Be Sent From Manila Base if Nec- essary. ontinued From First Page.) ed States Government to the Japanese indirectly beard of consuls in the Settlement. This was on the was Da Ed: consul general municipal coun against Japanese with him as the board of cc the Shanghal, that had filed a military 1107 S. Cunningham t Forbearance Urged. advis to la r body s a me confel Sccretary Stimson 1igham the following ident Hoover, commended that every effort be between American troops and others including Japanese, defending the In- ternational Settlement Admiral Pratt the House Naval when interrupted Secrctary Stimson committee, the chief tions nt directly to ment f tracted cc Mr. Stimson, who prev the President. It was to the Navy Department t miral announced his or Asiatic Fleet to stand by, and added in response to newspaper me - quiries, that the Navy would be “very sorry” if any other power objected to this course, but would do its “job,” nevertheless The request in the trouble the following st Department The U s, now at Nanking p.m., January 30 Eastern_Standard miral Affairs by E ference with sly had secn s return at the ad- ers for for additional destroyers zone was announced in tement from the Navy destroyer. 6 30, Simpson sent a message at (5 am. January Time) 'to Rear s. N ul gen- a destroyer at al destroyer ed pos- military operations in that is approxi River ately 150 mil om Shanghal; from Shang- is cem- P. W. Rut- Diego, Calif., some time. up the Y Wuhu, hai. The Simpsc by Lieut S. N n at Nanking Progress of Fight Reported, atches received he the L now at Shanghai e following effective at Comdr. S. G Tex.) com s Shang! imme truce which 8 pm. Janualy Moore, U. S N anding officer of xton, states that and fighting occurred the ing. 1 ved by wake bom ayligh fire duri hinese troops contir y 30 (1:30 a.m time) the g of in the d that re- forces have the Japanese were increased and d been Josing grou Three Points In Complaint. Consul Cunnf unicipal council of ment at Shang- is chairman protest to the Japanese admiral e points ) That the neutr tional Settlement Japanese t the settlemen tional zone, had been used nese as a base of operations the Chinese. (3) Th: apan had sent troops into sectors set apart for troops of other ations in the settlement defense scheme to which Japan had agreed. The third objection was interpreted pply particularly to the sending of troops into sector occu- erican forces. It is reported a being patrolled oy against the protest of the commanding officer. Secre- dmonitic to Consul General C m that forebear- ance and ceaciliation be used applied, apparently, to ihis situation Definite objection made, also, to Japanese occupation of a section of the Internat cttlem bounded Honan road, Range road and Hongkew Creek of the In- s been violated an interna- the Japa- against th to Japa pied by A that th Japanese Americ tary Stimson’s the nt Fleet Will Stand By. “Every ship we have in the Asiatic fleet said dmiral Pratt, “has been ordered to stand by to proceed Shanghai and offer protection to, or cvacuation of, American citizens, if th crisis develops when mob rule should break out we've got to go in and protect our own people—women and children, The Admiral, gestured as he talked The St busy man cretary of State is a very Admiral Pratt said of the conference. “We send him all the dis- patches we are getting from China end he has me in frequently to discuss them When the Secretary is ready to dis- cuss them I am, of course, ‘on call’ There was no especial significance in syesterday’s dispatches. They revealed @ situation, as far as we are concerned that was nothing more than normal considering the disturbance Admiral Pratt emph would “send everyth to Shanghai should ized the from the need a at is our job,” he added. “There is a long stretch of the Yangtze River where Americans are located—Nanking, ungking, Hankow, Wuhu, and so forth—and we will provide all the ships® Dottoms we have to evacuate them if mob rule conditions mak Sor them to remain there. The operations of the fleet will be carried out independently, and objec- tions from any of the combatants will have little effect We can't draw any line as to who objects. If any one ob- jects, we are sorry The acmiral acknowledged the situa- tion was critical far as the safet: of American citizens are concerned.” “But otherwise,” he continued, “this is a conflict between Japan and China Messages to Be Made Public. assurance that all messages #rom China “concerned with facts” will be made public, but messages express- ing the opinions of the Navy officers cannot be divulged, because “such opin- ions might not. in the stress of things out there, reflect thorough conclu- sions.” The intention Settlement in a sit Secretary morning. The Ambassador. upon leaving Secre- tary Stimson's office, dictated the fol- Tow statcment to newspaper men He gave renewed assurances of Japan's to ect the International in Shanghai were conveyed of Ambassador Debuchi to Stimson early yesterday conveyed through the International is of a report to the State Department from ! American the protesi operations consul of tihe Constl pro- urged upon Mr. Cun- | ningham the utmost forbearance and | r de | to remove by conciliation any friction | was testifying before Committee | a summons from the | by | to| in Shang- | e it dangerous | " | Japan. | pan would never have taken her pres- | tions, but Signs BY Chief of the BYRON PRICE, Associated Press Washington Bureau Internaticnal relationships the world over are feeling virbrations from the Japanese guns at Shanghai, but®pres- ent signs forecet for the United Btates an eventful dip'omatic readjustment rather than actual war. Plenty of rumors of war were abroad yesterday in the Capital. On street in’ barber shops and down the corridors of Government _buildings, John Jones was asking Bill Smith, half scriously, if he was ready to enlict. w ci that air of hushed expectancy character'zed the critical ds These rumcrs and speculati substantizl basis among responsible alone can declare wa:, and althcugh the leaders there | would say nothing publicly, they agreed privately they saw no prospect of such 2 step. Among administration officials, too, the dominating note was one of con- fidence that the situation would be solved with only such use of armed force as may be necessary to guard American citizens and property in the war zone Tokio’s Status Changed. fi2ld of world diplo- readjustments cf the significanse now are in the mak [ hg. This aspect officials will not dis | cuss at all, but the evidence of shift- ing relationships now lies plainly on the surface of passing events. First of all. Japan's status in the company of civilized nations has under- gone a radical change She has been told rather bluntly by the United States that she has violated her word, as pledged in the nine-power treaty and in the anti-war treaty. She has been told by inference both by the United States and Grea which the wider how:ve:, In | mac assurances that Japan scrupulously would respect the integrity of the In- ternational Settlement and foreign rights and interests in it. It is un- | thinkable that Japan has any territorial aspirations either in Shanghat or Man- churia. If Chinese would stop firing | on our forces from armored cars, I be- lieve the fighting soon would end.” The latest American protest in the Shanghal incident is the second spe- cific remonsirance the United States has lodged with Japan since the occu- pation of Manchuria began. Secre- tary Stimson several weeks ago pro- testod the attack made by Japanese soldiers on Culver B. Chamberlain. American consul, Who was assaulted at Mukden. In this case. prompt apology was offered and the guilty soldiers pun- iched. The apology was offered at the State Department by Ambassador De- buchi and also to Mr. Chambeslain by | Japanese diplomatic and military rep- resentatives Full Information Received. This is also the second time the nited States has acted jointly with the British government. Representa- tions were to the Japanese foreign office earlier this week, expressing the invade the international settlement in violation of trety rights. The Ameri- can representations were transmitted through Ambassador W. Cameron Forbes and not made public Sufficient grounds for the latest pro- test were found in the reports of the American consul general at Shanghai furnishing full information on late de- velopments. It was reported that after Mayor Wu of the native city had made what was considered a favorable reply to the demands of the Japanese ad- miral and the Japanese consul general | had given the consular body in the In- ternational Settlement to understand anese forces forcibly occupied the Chi- nese section of the city known as Chapei. |~ The occupation was without warning | and accompanied by attacks on civilians not only by the forces landed from the warships, but by the dropping of bombs from airplanes In framing its protest the State De- partment was constrained to take the position that the attack on Crapei and | the manner in which it was conducted | endangered the port of Shanghai, in- cluding the foreign residents of the International Settlement. The Amer- ican residents in Shanghai number ap- | proximately 3,500, in addition to 1.200 | Marines. The the assurances given by the Japanese was given consideration in the drafting of the American protest. Ambassador Debuchi’s call, he said of Secretary Stimson., was to give ad- ditional assurance that the Japanese authorities, naval and diplomatic. would co-operate with foreigners in the In- ternational Settlement in dealing with the situation. Japan participates in the government of the International | Settlement. He held the sending of Japanese forces into Chapei was in | compliance with the understanding be- tween Japanese officials and the Chinese municipal authorities. Secretary Stimson discussed the situ- | ation with newspaper men at noon yes- terday without attempting to minimize the graveness of the situation as he saw it. He declined to discuss his brief conference with Ambassador Debuchi, nor would he confirm the account given to the reporters by the Japanese diplo- mat as he left the State Department protest had been made and that similar representations had been made by the British government indicated that no incident had been closed nor smoothed away by the call of the Japamese Am- bassador. Irritating Opinion Avoided. Congressional reaction to the turn of events in Shanghai was tempered by a disposition to avoid needlessly stirring Japanese feeling or otherwise irritat- ing international opinion. With Senate and House in week end recess, the crisis in the Far East preoccupied Capi- tol Hill ! The prevailing theory was that Japan. having occupled Manchuria and having | | struck at Shanghai for the avowed pur- | pose of halting the boycott by the Chi- | nese. will presently end her military | activities and seck to consolidate her gains. A minority view was that Japan I has designs on a large share of China | in addition to Manchuria and also that she is getting ready to strike at Russia. | This latter view was expressed by mem- bers sympathetic to Russia. It proceeds | from the contention that Japan is tak- {ing advantage of Russia’s preoccupa- | tion with her five-year industrial pro- gram to annex Manchuria and get her- | <elf in a position to dispute control of Northeastern Asia with the Soviet. Under the surface of open congres- | sional comment is to be found ap- | prehension that France is encouarging Certain Senators assume Ja- ent course if ot confident of some European backing They think France is seeking to expand her territory in Southeastern China, that France largely dominates the_ policy of the League of | Nations and conclude that this accounts Ifor the League’s having been ineffec- | tive in this crisis. These Senators be- | lieve, morenver, that the British gov- ernment has to some degrec favored Japan over China, and that this has operated against effective action by the League in restraint of Japan, but that the seething condition of India has made England hesitate to get into the Far Eastern difficulty + Among public men, both at the Capi- tol and elsewhefe, speculation is to be shington at large had just a touch | t | British co-operation are limited hope that Japanese troops would not that the reply was taken favorably, Jap- | suddenness and unex- | | pected nature of the attack, following | The Secretary’s announcement that the | THE SUNDAY RUMORS OF WAR FIND CAPITAL HOPEFUL PEACE WILL PREVAIL Roar of Japanese Guns Strains World Rela- Point to Diplo- matic Readjustment. | Britain that, if necessary, she will be dealt witih by force Sfhce the Washington Conference of 1922, American faith in the stability of the Far East has rested on a convic- tion that Japan would keep her en- gagements, One great pillar of that | faith was the nine-power treaty, in | which Japan and all of the other great | powers agreed to respect China’s in- | tegrity. Not a single one of those pow- |ers followed the lead of the United | States when it invoked that treaty, nor | when it appealed to the anti-war pact. | 0ld Policy Threatened, Thus has the Washington Govern- ment rot only found futile the guar- antees of peace it depended on in the Pacific, but it has seen th2 older policy of the open door of economic oppor- tunity in China seriously threatened. Its whole 6utlook there has clouded Meantime, puzzling signs have ap- | peared elsewhere. France. & co-sponsor of all of these pledges, is refusing to manifest the slightest interest in recent developments. Russia, traditionally jeal- ous of every political move in Man- churia, has looked on without raising a finger as that province passed under Japanese control Many unofficial reports of Japanese- French and Russian-French under- svndings have reached Washington. Officials have not commented, but they plainly have been surprised and mysti- fied as cne aft r another of their hopes were trodden under foot Only to a lesser degree has this dis- appointment been apparent With re- spect to Great Britain, whose present difficulties at home are Tecognized After the Anglo-Japanese alliance was ended, in 1922, the world generally be- lieved the American and British navies never would be found far apart in the | event of trouble in the Pacific. Japan | has played her trump card. however, |at a time when the possibilities of become entangled in war in the Far | East. The general feeling Is that this coun- try will not get into war, and that un- less America should be attacked, Con- gress would not declare war. On the other hand, those familiar with condi- tions at Shanghai realize that the sit- | uation there, with American Marines and seamen on hand, and American life and property at stake, is like a powder magazine which sparks may strike at any time. Congressional advocates of & Strong policy of preparedness and Vigorous na- tionalism, while nct making public statements, are emphatic in criticism of American policy in the Pacific in re- cent years and contend what is happen- ing now is the inevitable result of that policy. One eminent Republican Sen- ator said today one had to go back t tre Washington treaty and beyond to get a correct view cf what has occurred He pointed out that by that treaty, the United States weakened its position in the Far East; that it consented to re- duce naval equipment there and agreed not to fortify in that region. that from that time to now, by one step and an- other, American naval and military strength in the western Pacific has been declining, while Japan’s has been growing: that Japan may have secret understanding with other powers as to a free hand in the Orient: and that in any event, when the time comes for the United States to take & strong stand for the preservation of the in tegrity of China, it finds itself handi- capped by a naval and diplomatic policy going back to the days of Hard- ing and even Wilson IS CONTINUED. SNIPING Heavy Artillery Fire Last Hour Along North Szechuan Road. Continued firing throughout the night in Shanghai was reported to the Navy Department by Col. R. S. Hooker American Marine commander. Hookcr reported steady sniping in the area of the Japanese lines and East Chapei in the native city. At 3:15 pm.. Eastern standard time, heavy artillery and small arms fire opened and continued for one hour along North Szechuan road. Several huge fires blazed in North Szechuan Toad. Hooker added ‘A message from the destroyer Truxton estimated the number of Chinese sol- diers now in Shanghai to be 30,000 'ESCAPED GEORGIA CONVICT ARRESTED Man Is Taken in Detroit While as he emerged smiling from the office | Getting Car Stolen in Atlanta. By the Associated Press. DETROIT, January 30 —Leland Har- vey, 217, escaped convict from Milledge- ville, Ga., was arrested in a parking lot here tonight Harvey was taken into custody when he went to the lot to take away the car with a Georgia license which he had left there. Police said the car was stolen in Atlanta by Harvey and Jack Martin after they escaped from the Georgia Prison. Martin was _arrested in suburban Grosse Pointe Thursday night while he was attempting to rob a house. Police and escaped Police said Harvey at first denied his /identity, but admitted it after being taken to police headquarters. Martin, | meanwhile, faces two burglary charges here and has indicated that he will accept a long prison sentence in Michi- gan by pleading guilty. AIMEE M'PHERSON SAILS | WITH HUSBAND FOR REST Belated to Central America and Takes Honeymoon Trip Havana. By the Associated Press. SAN PEDRO, Calif.. January 30.— Mrs. Aimee McPherson-Hutton, the evangelist, and her husband, David Hut- ton, sailed here tonight on a belated six weeks' honeymoon trip to Central America and Havana, A'_[‘hey' eloped by airplane to Yuma, i but their evangelistic work in Los An- geles Temple has kept them occupied since. “We have just been gold fish,” Mrs. | Hutton said over a loud speaker. “We want a little privacy and do a lot of resting.” EXCAVATION REPORTED LYflle Expedition Digg_i;lg in Church Ruins in Mesopotamia. NEW HAVEN, Conn., January 30 (#). —Excavation of an early Christian church in the ruins of Dcura-Europos in Mesopotamia, was announced today by Prof. Michael I. Rostovtzefl of Yale University's archeology department. The building in which five beautiful frescoes were found, is believed to be the church of the hermit Benjamin. The discovery was reported in a cable- | gram from Prof. Clark Hopkins, who is | directing a Yale University-French ! Academy expedition in excavating the % called for the purpose of renewing heard whether the United States will (City of Doura. STAR, said Harvey was with him at the time, and were married last Summer, WASHINGTON, WAR RUMORS STIR LEAGUE COUNCIL Japanese Delegate Abandons Conciliatory Attitude Over Manchurian Issue. | ( By the Associated Press. | GENEVA, Switzerland, January 30.— | Rumors of a formal declaration of war by China spread alarm among the statesmen gathering here tonight for the Disarmament Conference, while the League of Nations Council set afoot its inquiry into the chaotic situation at Shanghal. The commission of inquiry, organized under the authority of the League cov- enant, is composed of the diplomatic | 1epresentatives of half a dozen nations already in China and Japan, and' should begin to function not later than to- morTow. The United States has been invited to participate, but Washington's atti- tude had not been disclosed here to- night. There was a general opinion that America would share in the work and responsibility of this commission, which will report to the Council as quickly as possible. The Council, although it wound up its formal program today, remains in session indefinitely and will sit con- currently with the Arms Conference, which begins on Tuesday. Japan Denounces Move. Application of Article XV of the League covenant. which made it pos- sible to create the Commission of In- quiry over Japan's opposition, was sharply contested by the Japanese spokesmen. After a show of conciliation and a promise of co-operation, the Japanese representative denounced the Council's move as unprecedented and iliegal. He spoke again of Japan's displeas- ure that this vigorous method of pro- cedure should be used against it. Experienced international observers believe that the Council is not yet inquiry. They assert their belief Japan is very much in earnest and prepared to brave the hostility of world rather than tolerate interference with her Chinese policy. The report that China had decided to declare war reached the Council during the debate on the legality of applying Article XV. Dr. W. W. Yen, the Chinese spokes- man, cast doubt on ¥ne accuracy of the report and insisted that his gov- ernment would continue its efforts to settle the dispute through the League. Parley to Go On. The Chinese delegation received in- formation tonight that Chiang Kai- Shek and T. V. Soong had returned to the government, and this, they said convinced them that there would be no declaration of war. 1In theory, they explained, the Kuomintang may domi- nate the government policy. but stu- dents of Chinese affairs said that in practice Chiang and Soong themselves ment's course in avoiding formal decla- ration of war. While the developments at Shanghai the Far East and add a discouraging factor to the already dark prospect for disarmament, apparently nothing will be permitted to interfere with the open- ing_of the arms conference. That conference will meet in the aft- ernoons and the League Council. if necessary, in the morning. The secre- tary general of the League. meantime. will gather all possible_information on the Sino-Japanese conflict for submis- sion to the Council TOKIO REPLIES TO LONDON. Pledges Safety to Britons—MacDonald Hurries to Capital. LONDON, January 30 (#)—Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald returned tonight from the North of England to attend a conference presumably con- cerning the developments in Shanghai. Great Britain. meanwhile, was in- formed of the Chinese government’s in- tention to resist aggressive acts by Japanese forces and was assured by Japan that everything possible would be done i restore order in Shanghai The Japanese note was in reply to a joint protest by the United States and Great Britain against the occu- pation of the Chinese city and said Japan would do all it could not to en- danger British lives and property. An unofficial source said Great Bri- tain's policy toward a declaration of war between China and Japan would be to act only through the League of Nations No official intimation of a Chinese declartion of war on Japan had been received late tonight. but China’s de- cision to resist the Japanese forces was interpreted as meaning that China would act in self-defense. “Japan Goes Too Far.” The Observer, one of the leading Sun- day newspapers, said in an editorial that “Japan goes too far” and declared the dominant principle of the British foreign policy was Anglo-American friendship. 1f Japan “went an inch further she would definitely alienate the sympathies of the worli—Russia in- cluded,” the editorial added Lord Rothermere’s Sunday dispatch, | on the other hand, said “Japan is an old and faithful ally of this country and we need not fear that she will act detri- mentally to our interests. In protecting her own people, she is doing no more than Britain has been forced to do on numerous occasions Lord Beaverbrook's Sunday Express said that in view of the “dramatic irony” of a declaration of war on the eve of the World Disarmament Con- ference, Great Britain should recall her delegates from Geneva, where the arms parley is to be held, withdraw from the conference, save the money and attend to her own business at home. The Sunday Times said the great na- tions must act to show that the world had learned “the lesson of 1914.” Referring to Anglo-American friend- ship, th> Observer said “never yet was this guiding principle so critically es- sential as now.” “It is the very sheet anchor of the world's peaceful stability,” the Ob- server said. “Without a steady Anglo- ‘American understanding, there could be no hope at all for the peaceful fu- ture of civilization. League Held Powerless. “The League of Nations, by itself, is quite impotent to preserve peace. Most especially 4is this so in_ the thunder- charged atmosphere of Far Eastern af- fairs.” : Asserting staunch friendship _for Japan, the newspaper said it justified Japan’s defense of her treaty rights in Manchuria, but the “arbitrary at- tack on China proper and especially at Shanghai is another matter. “Nanking’s declaration of war is not of first-class significance, but it is a capital diplomatic event. “We scout utterly the suggestion of another ‘Great War.’ Our Japanese friends are safe from that. But not from a slower, long-term procedure which would promote the steady or- ganization of China in a manner bound in the long run to be fatal to Japan's future on the mainland, even in Man- churia. “We admit that the League has Dblundered grossly on the latter question and has inflamed the Japanese people ! with 4 sense of injustice. But at Shanghal Japan has gone too far.” FRENCH TROOPS READY. !\ PARIS, January 30 (#).—The foreign office announced today that two French reserve battalions, stationed at Tonkin, through with Japan's opposition to this | the whole | will be able to determine the govern-| increase the gravity of the trouble in| D. JANUARY 31, SENATORS 0PPOSE BOYCOTT OF TOKIO Action Might Easily Become First Step Toward War, Declares Borah. __ (Continued From First Page.) it will be reported favorably to the Senate. “The wisdom of prohibiting the sale of arms at this time said Senator Borah, “is by no means clear, for the reason that it might easily act to the detriment of China.” Reed Supporis Stand. Chairman Borah's position with re- gard to an economic boycott against Japan or an embargo on the shipment of arms to the Far East up by Senator Reed of Pennsylvania, a member of the committee. The Penn- sylvania Senator said: 5 “The use of the economic boycott or embargo are instruments of warfare. We are not involved.in war, and I hope we will not be. I am opposed to the suggestion of an economic boycott in the present state of affairs, and am against an embargo on the shipment of arms. Senator Walsh of Montana, Demo- crat, another member, also deciared his opposition. In addition to_declaring an economic boycott would be “actual | war,” the Montana Senator said that 10 suspend trade relations with Japan would be to lose an annual commerce of $300.000.000 “Those who advocate a boycott do pen " said Senator Walsh. “If we lost $300,000.000 of our trade at this time we would increase very greatly our unemployment problem Senator Walsh insisted there should be no hasty action by this Government in view of the serfousness of the problem. Capper Urges Caution. Another member of the committee, Senator Capper of Kansas, also urged that the American Government con- sider carefully any move that may be made in the Far Eastern situation. He course Japan has pursued, but that he i would be wise The Republican ate, Senator Watson of Indiana, who yesterday conferred at the White House with President Hoover on the Far East situation and on the program for busi- ness relief in this country, declared his opposition to an economic boycott Senator Watson suggested that if the League of Nations wished to try to coerce Japan by means of a boycott it might go ahead, but it business of the United States. Senator George H. Moses of New Hampshire, n to a boycott Senator King of Utah, Democrat | however, took an opposite view He insisted Japan was the aggressor in this situation and that he saw no justifica tion for her course of action. I will be in favor of the League and our country declaring an ecomonic boy- cott and trying to mobilize public opin- ion of the world to restrain Japan and maintain peace,” he said White House Silent. It any requests that this country establish an economis boycott of Japai have been received at the White House, nothing has been made public about them. The only information cbtain- able there was that all such or messages are handled at the State Department The exports and imports to and from | Japan by the United States in | reached a total of more than $36 000.000. American exports to Japan were $155,668,045, and imports of goods from Japan were $205,399,343 Senator Bingham of chairman of the Senate Committee on Territories and Insular Affairs, made no comment on the Japanese situation He sald, however, it would, opinion. be excedingly unwise for the United States to give up the Philippine Islands as proposed in legislation now before Congress. The value of the islands as a naval base, oppositi citizens East, he onstrated | Shanghal. ‘“MERCY” SLAYER ADJUDGED INSANE Father, Who Claimed He Killed Baby Because of Mental Defi- ciency, Ordered Committed. in time of peril in the Far said, has again been den- since fighting began By the Associated Press MILLERSBURG, Ohio, January 30— A father who killed his baby because was mentally deficient today Wwas adjudged insane. The “mercy slayer,” James Stenhouse, a stonecutter of Killbuck, near here, was ordered committed to the Massillon State Hospital for Insane by Judge R. B. Putnam after hearing the report of two_alienists. Stenhouse recently confessed he chloroformed his two-year-old son, David Oscar, two years ago because the | baby was incurably ill of brain fever. A grand jury refused to indict him on murder charges and recommended a sanity test Stenhou: it has testified he was sure he did “the right thing” and would do it over again. His wife today told the court she an her three other chil- dren lived in fear of their lives the last two years because Stenhouse, weighted by his secret, went on “drink- ing sprees.” BEVERLEY INAUGURATED Takes Office as Governor of Porto Rico Amid Cheers. SAN JUAN, Porto Rico, January 30 | (P)—James R. Beverley of Texas, for- merly attorney general of Porto Rico, was inaugurated today as governor, suc- ceeding Theodore Roosevelt, who has been transferred to the Philippines. The crowd cheered President Hoo- ver's message, but Mr. Beverley's tribute to the administration of his predecessor breught no Tesponse. - China, since the Shanghai disorders of 1927, had been ordered to hold them- selves in readiness to protect the French concession at Shanghai. The foreign office also announced, in connection with reports of protests by the United States and Great Britain over the Japanese action at Shanghai, that France intended to confine its activities to the League of Nations. A spokesman said the fact that Joseph Paul-Boncour was president of the League Council made it necessary that France take the lead in any move by the League. i Developments at Shanghai received great attention in the prees, which showed keen interest in the attitude of Britain and America. An interpellation was filed in the Chamber of Deputies by Marius Moutet, Socialist, asking what attitude PFrance proposed to adopt “in view of the bloody events in China which have reached the state of wan" backed | not stop to think of what would hap-' said he had no sympathy with the | not believe an economic boycott | leader of the Sen-é was not the ! member of the committee, declared hls‘ letters | 1931 Connecticut, | in his | capable of | sending war ships to protect American | at! 1932—PART ONE. Bombs Destroy His Work lRR.EPLACEABLI: MSS. LOST IN JAPANESE ATTACK. When the Japanese attacked Shang- | bai by air Friday, their lvhwrsi wrecked ‘the crowning accomplishment | in the life of an American who has | devoted the past two decades to assist- | ing the economic recovery of China. | For in the ruins of the Commercial Press Building, in the Chinese city, there rests today the result of eight | years of effort on the part of this American—Judge Paul Myron Line- barger—an authoritative commentary | on the San Min Chu I, the so-calied Chinese “bible,” written by Dr. Sun | Yat Sen, late founder of the Republic | of China. | Judge Linebarger, legal adviser to the Chinese National government, who lives &t 2006 R street, wrote “The Com- | mentary on the San Min Chu I" from | his 18 years of close association with Dr. Sun. The manuscript. plates and the Chi- nese translations all were destroyed by Japanese bombs dropped on the gi- gantic Commercial Press Building. Labor of Eight Years Lost. For nearly eight years, since before the death of Dr. Sun on March 12, 1925, Judge Linebarger had labored over the work, two 400-page volumes, | which was to have been published this February. Now an “old man,” accord- ing to his own statement, the judge “hasn't the heart” to rewrite the com- mentary. “I felt like crving like a baby over the bombing of the Commercial Press | Building and the ruining of my years of work,” said Judge Linebarger last night. “I am an old man now, and don't have the heart to go through | with it again.” In his books, ebarger, who re- signed as United States Circuit Court judge in the Philippines in 1912 to aid Dr. Sun in overthrowing the Chiness Empire and establishing the republic, had included the two final “lectures which Dr. Sun’s death had prevented going into the S8an Min Chu I, which is comprised of 16 lectures he delivered just prior to his death “My work was the only thing of its kind ever done,” Judge Linebarger as- serted. “For almost eight years I arose early every morning and went to bed late every night in order to get time in which to work on the com- mentary. It meant exhaustive re- search into files and notes left by Dr. | Sun, some of which are now destroyed Many of the older Chinese—members |CHINESE ARE SHOT | AND BEATEN BY ROVING BANDS OF JAPANESE (Continued Prom First Page.) {nese naval patrols, order was restored |today. Quiet was almos. absolute. Vi {tually no one dared to move Shops and dwellings owned by Chi- nese were barred and shuttered Whether they were deserted no one knew, but it seemed likely that their owners had fled away {rom the menace {of the roving bands. Chapel, where until noon Saturday. Chinese and Japanese (roops were | locked in sharp fighting, also was quiet | early today. Detachments of troops | of both sides remained in the section and there were reports they were re- | organizing. rebuilding their shattered position and preparing for renewed action, | Tne American and British consuls general did their uimost to mediate be- | tween the Japanese and Chinese com mands. Just exactly what success th | encountered was not made clear, but {it was understood a meeting between | the enemy commanders might take | place today 4 The Municipal Councll, administra- {tive body of the Internatienal Settle- | ment, was reported to have issued an | appeal that the Uniied States and Great Britain send additicnal troops {to safeguard the foreign residents of | Shanghal. Council Presents Protest. | A protest against the activities of the Japanes> within the settlement was |presrmed by the council to Edwin S | Cunningham;, United States consul gen- eral and senior consular officer in the city. The municipal council charged that the neutrality of the area had been violated and requested Mr. Cunning- ham to make an accusation before Shanghai’s consular body with the view of forwarding the complaint to the governments concerned. Municipal authorities said the danger of attack on the settlement by the Chinese because the Japanese were using it as a base of operations, was grave. Many mor: American and British troops were immediately neces- sary, they asserted, to meet this men- ace. The nearest American forces are | at Tientsin and Manila, and there are British troops at Hongkong. The pres- ent American strength in Shanghal is 1.200 men, the British have 2,000 and the French 1.700. The various foreign communities were getting panicky. Residents complained of divided authority and insufficient | troops. | As the conflict continued American interests and American authority be- | came more and more involved. Marines Seize Japanese. Unrted States Marines, on guard in | the International Settloment, picked up 14 Japanese, armed with pistols and dressed in civilian clothes who had in- | vaded the American area. Some of the prisoners carried swords ‘American rifies were brought into ac- tion to effect this capture. The trouble started when a Marine sentry heard the ping of bullets past his head. The | sentry saw two groups of men running {away from him and he pursued, firing into the air. He got his men | A few minutes later eight Japanese, | all heavily armed, were arrested in the | same vicinity. All the captives were |turned over to the municipal police | after they had declared at Marine head- | quarters that they had been sent into the American area by Japanese naval authorities to go to a nearby Japanese | cotton mill and go on guard. Two Jap- anese sailors standing guard at the cot- ton mill shot two Chinese shortly after the Marines had made their arrests. American interests also were involved when a gang of Japanese marauders | tried to force their way into St. Luke's | Hospital, operated by the American | Episcopal Mission. They said snipers were picking off Japanese from the | building. The hospital officials succeed- ed in turning them away. An American destroyer was assigned to a position in the Whangpo River to assist in guarding the plant and to| keep an eye on the properties of the Standard Ol Co., on the opposite bank. | The last 24 hours wrote a frightful | story of bloodshed. Scenes of the wild- | est disorder were enacted yesterday in the northern section of the International | Settlement, which was covered by a pall_of smoke blown from the ruins of Chapei, where thousands of tinder box Chinese houses had been destroyed by flames started by bombs dropped from Japanese airplanes. Groups of Japanese—blue-clad ma- rines, reservists and men in civilian clothes—surged through the streets of the north section of the settlement, searching for heipless Chinese. | They encountered thousands of ref- | ugees, some of them lucky enough to | have rickshaws, some carrying their | mean belongings on their backs, and all | headed toward sections of Shanghai| where they though they might find refuge. Shops and Homes Searched. The Japanese Marines, many of them equipped with side-car motor cycles, | |and automobiles swept the streets with machine gun fire. Their work was fin- |iched by Japanese in civilian clothes swinging clubs and base ball bats. These invaders declared they were | searching for snipers, but how they | separated snipers from the civilian | population was not apparent. They | 1 1 | China,” he declared JUDGE PAUL M. LINEBARGER. of Dr. Sun’s cabinet—who helped me with the work are now dead; it would be virtually impossible to rewrite it, even if I had the heart. Holds China Our Only Friend. “I believe this outrage. by the Japanese will bring home to other Americans how close we really are to the impending confiict in the Orient I probably am not the only American who has suffered, or will suffer, from the invasion of China, a nation which is tocay practically the only real friend the United States has left in the world.” Judge Linebarger expressed the opinion that if the United States had agreed last August to loan China 200.- 000,000 ounces of silver the present situation would not be so_critical “The silver loan would have saved If 1 could have made the silver loan, when I effected the loan of 15,000,000 bushels of Amer- ican wheet, there probably would have been no invasion of China by Japan. The silver, unwanted in this country, would have lifted China from her de- pression, put the people to work and staved off the Japanese threat. Today, without food. work or clothing, Chin is in no condition to fight the Japanese.” broke their way into stores and dwell- ings hunting for hidden Chinese, nei- ther bolts nor barricades stopped them, and how many deaths occurred behind the shuttered building fronts was im- possible to determine. The refugees from stricken from hours of dodging air bombs and machine gun bullets and from the conflagration that had devas- tated their part of the city, thronged into the refuge of the International Settlement. Many of them were band- aged and blood-smeared These hapless ones flung themselves on the ground or into whatever corners they might find where there might be a chance for a little undisturbed rest The exodus from Chapei was a ter- rible thing to witness. Family groups of three and four clung together, clutch- ng the bundles in which they had wrapped whatever valuables they might wn. Children wailed. grandfathers and grandmothers limped along mourning for the members of their families killed by Japanese bullets and bombs and by the fire that swept away their homes. A message to the American people, urging them to advocate justice in the Far East, was published by a group of the Chinese socleties, including the Universities Union, the China Institute of Pacific Relations. the Pen Club. the Y. M. C. A., the China Critic and the Chinese Students’ Federation. After the Chinese had accepted all Japan’s demands, the Japanese at tacked Shanghai without provocation,” the message said The International Settlement was used as a base. Civilians were attacked Homes, hospitals and public_buildings were bombed from the air. The Com- mercial Press, China's foremost pub- lishing house, was completely destroyed We urge your advocacy of justice.” The Shanghai Chambers of Commerce and the Chinese Bankers' Association issued an appeal to the world for help against Japanese violence. They de- clared hat Japan aimed not only at annexing Manchuria, but at domi- nating the whole of China in a vast scheme of preparation for mastery of the Pacific. Complete paralyzation of Shanghai’s international commercial activity was theatened if Japan were permitted to continue her program. Chapei. terror- YouShou Why? 1o please you always find a_com Because we are in has been selected with nd whether you wish whether you need an_ext remembrance, THE GIFT STORE FOR ALL THE PEOPLE certain to have displayed just the thing. of prices. 1 s Jewelers A.Kahn et { WATCHES OBJETS D'ART j NOVELTIES Stationers CALM' PREVAILS AMONG DIPLOMATS |Japanese and Chinese Repre- sentatives Depend on Press for News. Under an exterior of Oriental com- | posure, diplomatic representatives here | of the Chinese and Japanese govern- | ments yesterday were tensely awaiting | latest developments in the Shanghal | situation, as unfolded in advices from | their home offices and in press reports. The casual visitor to the chanceries of the respective groups little wouid suspect that ane international crisis, verging on war, was under discussion There is none of the bustle and ex- ment that one would expect to see at such a lime as this. Or else an at- mosphere of ‘mperturbability is manu- factured for the benefit of visitors That there is suppressed concern is tetrayed by the cagerness with which attaches received news dispatches from “the front.” Both Chinese and Japan= ese were keeping in close touch with | news developments as reported to them in the newspapers and by press associa= tions, for messages from the home office necessarily involved delays not en- countered by press bulletins coming direct from Shanghal Rely on Press Reports. At the big. rambling old-fashi brick residence at Nineteer non_streets, is was d h and Ver- located the declared nat much of the news regarding conditions in Shanghat had been received first from news agen= cies “Our official advices come to us from Nanking,” one of the secretaries ex- plained. “That is an indirect method to learn about Shanghai. and we find that the newspapers, by their direct transmission of news. often notify us of developments in advance of official d: patches.’ Inside the quiet, tall-ceilinged rooms of the residence of Dr. W. W. Yen, charge d'affaires, there was little activ- ity vesterday afternoon, except for & huddle” of attaches in one of the par~ lors. None of those in the little circle raised his voice loud enough to be heard 5 feet away. Attaches Decode Cables. In the adjoining smaller building, which houses the offices of the legation, several young Chinese were decoding cables from Nanking. A copy of The Star, with a headline announcing China’s intention of declaring war on Japan, lay spread out on the desk of one attache. Documents of various de- scription were heaped on other desks, which virtually filled the whole ficor space of the cramped main bu office. “We know absolutely nothing mor than is printed in the papers’ an at- tache declared. “The press associations have been very kind in telephoning us the latest events and sometimes we have telephoned them for further in- formation There was even less fluster vester- day afternoon at the impos one Japanese embassy, recently erected in the 2500 block of Massachusetts avenue, Take Saturday Holiday. M fact it was learned that even a threatened war could not deter the Japanese attaches from observing the Saturday afternoon holiday. Outwardly the great white mansion had every ap- pearance of being unoccupied, and oniy persistent ringing of a bell at the | Chancery door brought & response from within. 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