Evening Star Newspaper, January 31, 1932, Page 25

EDITORIAL SECTION he Sunday Star. Special Articles JANUARY Y/ 19: Part é~10 P;ges i GENEV A SUCCESS DOUBTFUL WITH FRANCE DOMINATING Conditions, Which Include Security Pact, Hard to Fieht for Moral BY FRANK H. SIMONDS. supreme. had Fr France i 0-Saxor Pre nd, while essen- jer the Germany Blocked. therefore. attempt of e terms | d the hluss, she agreeme the terr of t r wrung any ble consequence, w Gel a Conferen me evious internationa ngs, t to abandon any n tion, save nd T radical and Socialist Germans BERLIN.—German parents who can- not decide upon a name for their baby by the time its birth must be r allowed a two-month period n and are given suggestions to choose he latter is rovided by the German Language So- which feels that the good old yesteryear are losing ground d be repopularized in Ger s an former to the sc from every- Much father'’s , L mother's aughter. Parents now are 1 a to choose names out of the newspapers as out of the family as en Max Schmeiing became heavy- mpion of the world scores it on Max as the only fitting for their newborn sons, and in to come many a youth will learn the Hitler boom of the early '30s responsible for his being called In feminine names there is a drift nowadays to_movie queens nd women athletes. be considered all right as athlete or film diva has a rman name of the sort that think of a Wagner opera lence how- on of little Olays, Zitas and Juttas thinks the Language t is time to get back to Hans, Bruno, arl, Ernst, Wilhelm, Hildegard, Hertha, Elsa, Gertrude and Lotte. There is no ban, in fact, on picking out a handful of names, as in the time when a German youngster had to have at least four to be properly equip- ped. In one patriotic family today taere is a pig-tailed fraulein who, if she solid ¢ akes one hen the foreign infl and a genera s, Lilians, then Klaus Gunther, Frieda, Gretchen, Reconcile Are Helped to ‘ As Modern ldeas Menace Tradition With American D quisition of new guarantees. It is plain that the German, Austrian and Hungarian armies, having been re- duced to the limits of necessary police force, cannot be further cut down. Thus diminution of the armies of the former enemies would advantage them relatively. Italy, while not limited by treaty in her mil strength, is re- ted by poverty. She cannot keep ith’ Prance, and to get equality 12 can only seck reduction of French arms Security Based on Army, Now, Fr s said quite definitely e the basis of her French, Czech and atesmen have echoed the They would obviously to have the British and ations promise that if their y were threatened, Brit- 00ps would come to en they could reduce expenditures and cut all governments equally ch opportunities. But if, as is f cc e, obvious, the British and American peoples will not accept any such responsibility, then the and their allies will not run the risk of reduction without guarantees. There is the essential deadlock which awalts our representatives at Geneva They have nothing material to offer ance and her allies. They cannot nise any guarantee. They cannot far less definite consulta- the sort discussed at Lon- e in its present temper Con- 10t ratify any paot. And, on hand, in the light of recent 1 Manct Pratze and her allies are h to attach much e to any new version of the the Kellogg pact and the treaty, all of which have sed as futile by Japanese ac- and Jugoslay t 1 Americ end them their military their taxes, and desire s our delegation. supported by certain limits_and without limit r Reduce your nterest of peace, but if ue must be its own re- if you are attacked, we can about it.” That is the thesis elegates must present to a French ation headed by statesmen who they could not hold office for a day if they yielded the least bit to any such pleadings. Nor shall we be helped much by Ger- nan and Italian support, because rance and her allies will see in these maneuvers only an effort exploit American naivette for the purposes of disarming France and preparing a fu- ture war. As for the British, their situ- ation will be very difficult, because the stand the United States has taken in the matter of the debts has forced them back upon France. To get their money out of Germany, to achieve even the limited relief of a temporary mora- torium extending beyond the Hoover date, they must play with the French U. S. Has Argument Only. France has, then, without dispute taken for herself the head of the table at Geneva The only kind of a resu which will enable her statesmen to re- sist domestic attack, barring the im- possible adoption of the French thesis As for her people, any one familiar with French life can skillfully the French press is g the issue to consolidate public opinion against any to ow ican delegation is has been made eva conference. discussions of the estion with s. We are old familiar disarmament material th to prepare b, aspects of tr interested governm going to Geneva with t! American argument that is a moral and a tion; a problem of peace and of perity. Our delegation has only sionary arguments to present; it cannot confer or compromise; it can only seek to convert And, as at all previous conferences, it is coming immediately into collision with the Continental state of mind, which sees disarmament as purely p litical. It is going inevitably to take sides against France and her allies and to support Germany and her former of the World War. because o latter are seeking to disarm France and are themselves disarmed. But al- though it must seem in all French eyes to be deliberately pro-German. it can do nothing to disabuse French minds because it has no resources. No real achievement at Geneva is now possible save with French consent. » French consent is to be had save as the nations interested in a successful conference are prepared to meet the French conditions, swhich are political and include general security pacts. But the United States is not willing to agree to such pacts. It is thus thrown back upon the bleak prospect of one more attempt to convert French realism to American idealism. It cannot _talk politics, so it must talk morals. Such, briefly, is the prospect of Geneva (Copyright. 1932 tical ame Babies | | feels like it, can sign herself Helga Ru- | dolfine Leopoldine Christine Hannelore | Emilie g The practice of “parting the name in the middle"—and several times on each side—is not approved of by the police. When a young man appeared at the | registry office the other day to enter a | change of address he gave his name as Paul-Otto. The official declined at first to accept the double name, saying that | the young fellow had to be either Paul | or Otto, but not both. “Very well,” the lad replied, “I have a twin who looks more like me than I do myself. His name is Paul-Heinrich. If you can think of a better way to tell us apart, just write it in the book.” The Language Society doesn't think that sort of thing should exist. Hence its nice long list. (Copyright, 1931 | - | | Movies in Germany Fail To Cause Stage Decline BERLIN.—Statistics covering the | theatrical season in Germany from September, 1930, to August, 1931, show that the movie has not as yet made any serious inroads on the legitimate stage. | On an average, 278 theaters played every month during the period covered. This is but 19 fewer than in the pre- ceding year. About 6,000 new manu- seripts were submitted by dramatists, but only 340 were played for the first time, against 402 in 1929-30. Of these only from 60 to 70, according to the estimate of the leading German the- atrical organ, are likely to be seen in | |the present season. P French | | only vague, but actuall |no present The Last Chance for Peace? If Nations Do WASHINGTON, D. C, SUNDAY MORNING ot Agree on Disarmament There Is Certain to Be Another World War, Says Writer. — BY HE opening of armament_Cc world its last peace or future war. no alter e. The decisic dodged or smothered genious formula mi As Lord Cecil warned other day, if this con shall no We shall again on whose end In my failu of disarmament the world that cc of competition s war is certain that a drastic measures around will con- EUROPEAN CO-OPERATION BLOCKED France Is Alarmed Repudiation and other countries of argument must begin rearming other powers. Peace tional pledges to avoid Kellogg German; the on! beat again i fever. re of success? all of a world aments by sea, land west possible level for aw and order, the Suppressio bandit nation that BY POLITICS by Germany’s Debt Effort of Former Allies to Aid Enemy. ARIS ture even tions, Franc a new and em of pol tion of the The whole_ country cians of all parties every shade of voice denouncing purpose fraudulently to escape repara- tions payments and svstematically to destroy the peace treatics Not even in the chluss erisis of last Spring was French opinion so ex- cited nor 80 unanimous. Once, how- ever, this state of m is examined, once the various spokesmen of national opinion are subjected to the inexorable question, “Germany is not going to pay and what are you goinz to do about it?” it becomes plain that while French opinion is united. French policy is not defined. In- rican politi- the cancella- to judge fu- nine years ago. people, politi- the press of with one alleged German deed, precisely as all Anm cians are united aga t tion of allied debts, but unable to devise any means of collecting them, French public men are agreed as to the sacred character of French rights and silent about means to preserve them. In theory France has three remedies. She can go to the World Court and accuse Germany of bad faith, and if the court accepts her view she will be free to employ sanctions: that is, to occupy the Ruhr again. In the second place, France can refuse to permit a plebiscite in the Saar in 1935 and thus hold on t this immensely valuable region finally There also are possible punitive tariff steps and refusal to extend time for re- payment of loans to the German Reichsbank. Reparations Finished. In practice, however, all Frenchmen realize that the time for military sanc- tons is over, and France is as little | likely to attempt to collect reparations by using her army as the United States |is to enforce debt payment with her Navy. Again, the Saar question does not come up for three years, so there is help in this direction. Finally, in the matter of tarific and a further moratorium, the financial risks are not inconsiderable. Being essen- tially realistic, therefore, the average Frenchman has already come to the point of perceiving that reparation pay- ments are for all practical purposes done. Of course, he goes further and says with similar conviction that all debt payments are terminated. Ger- many will pay no one and no one will pay the United States. That is his pri- vate view, although he still applauds his politicians who thunder forth the “inviolability of contracts.” He wishes politicians wete right. He may even cherish a vague hope that something will turn up, but practically he has said gocd-by to reparations and dismissed e notion of debt payments. Tre fundamental difference between the French and American positions, however, arises from the fact that whi the tes stands to lose money ng else by repudiation of the for France the repudiation ations appears as only a detail general program to destroy all portions of the treaty of Versailles, ter- ritorial and military, as well as finan cial. Behind the facade of temporarily bankrupt Germany France sees organ- izing a new German attack like that of 1914, Freed of foreign burdens and re- armed, France believes Germany will at no distant date resume her position of power and menace. allied cebt Security Central Issue. Thus behind the problem of repara- tions lurks the eternal question of French security. Feeling her security again is imperiled, France is again moved by a profound sense of isolation Her former associates of war, Great Britain and the United States, seem engaged upon a policy of saving Ger- many financially without regard to political consequences, while Italy a pears to be striving to create an anti- French alliance with the Reich. Thus, along with the French uneasiness, goes | a manifest desite to find a new basi: for accord with Great Britain and a less well defined longing for Franco- American understanding. Feeling herself endangered, France Is considering her former friendships in this relation. This is the explanation of the recent attempts to find a new basis for a common German policy with Lon- don, but so far these have failed, while | parallel gestures toward America have been equally futile. If, however, she is left to herself in her present mood, which is, I repeat, one of anxiety far more than deflance, France is almost certain to long for the time to come to follow a policy which will be obstruc- tive. If she does not attempt to enforce her rights, which she deems sacred, she | ' will not consent to waive them, and the whole clearing up of the financial mess | in Europe thus will be postponed in- | definitely. In this field it would be a mistake to | imagine that French opinion would be | affected by any American gesture in | the matter of debts. Cancellation would | not at bottem affect French policy, for | France has no intention of paying | America if Germany defaults. The sin- gle American action which could influ- | ence French policy would be totally | impessible—that is, the renewal of the | old treaty of guarantee of the Peace | Conference era. America is still talk- ing of debts; France is concerned with urity. secGivez'l this French state of mind, the practical-minded American _will ask (Cummue% on Third Page.) —Dravn for may violate international justice and the police protection of There is perhaps a cha n that of snowflake in hell. Certain end psvchological forces are the scale in favor of disarmam the material side, and very i weighting On which are no spe t can af h any light- n cost under nce, which for some time seemed to be shelt against the economic blizzard, w mounting gold reserves and low figures heartedne that head day Star by Joseph Sii of unemployment, is now shaken by the storms which have swept over the orld. Few can afford to b her w her silks, her perfumes Her Riviera is a desert because h old customers do not come to the white palaces and the high perched villas. Montmartre and Montparnasse echo to the footsteps of lonely souls searck for the ghost of ancient gy France must economize se make both erds meet, and r people do not want to spend one sou on soixante quinzes or other arma- ments Even the United States, I imagine. does not wish to load the National (Continued on Sixth Page.) iness IN FOREIGN RELATIONS Fairly Accurate and Unbiased Accounts Aid Students and Contribute to World Understanding. press and fof the this of Forei 1. School Universi There have been recently a number of illustrations of the vital role that the press is playing in foreign affairs The “Stimson Episode,” involving a press release, brought Japanese-Ameri- can relations to a critical stage. Sec- retary of State Stimson in introducing | American newspaper men to Signor Grandi, the Italian foreign minister, said that “They form a great factor in our national life, and in the last resort we depend on them for the public opin- fon which is to control the Govern- ment.” Mr. Pierre Boal of the State Department recently said that “If any one ever writes a book on the new diplomacy, they should properly devote at least a quarter of it to the press— I can conceive of no greater aid to a progressive government in its efforts to find a way to peace and prosperity than that which the press renders by la ing the facts of every question daily | before the people.” At mo time in our history have our foreign relations even approached the importance that they have assumed today. Never has general public in terest been greater. Within the last several years there has sprung up in every corner of the United States count- less societies and organizations devoting their major attention to these matters A perfect flood of literature has issued from the printing presses throughout the United States. The radio is devot- | ing more and more time to these mat- | ters. In sharp contrast to the situation | existing only a few years ago, practically every first-class college and university in America has more or less extensive courses on foreign relations. Value of Press Recognized. The value of the press in keeping the | general public informed on interna- | tional developments is rather generally | recognized. Its role in their scientific study would seem to be inescapable and et in certain quarters it does not ap- pear to have received the full recog-| nition that it merits. While the use of the daily press is spreading rapidly in colleges and uni-| versities, in some quarters this has caused criticism or even open hostility. | The criticisms are many and varied | would seem evident to | picture. | the daily press. time, the training nor the necessary background to discuss these matters in a way to meet scientific standards: the events are too recent, the available data too incomplete and often col flicting, to permit of a scientific ana ysis, etc. While these criticisms unfortunately are too often justified, they can by no means apply generally to a considerable number of first-class newspapers in the United States (such as the New York Times and The Washington Star) While, like all other human institution the press has its limitations, its value, if not its essential necessity, for the scientific study of foreign relations the thinking man. Happenings and Insight. To begin with, current happenings are not oniy of vital importance in themselves, but they are-invaluable in giving a clearer insight into past the- ories and practices of the United States in its foreign affairs and may well set the precedent for the future. No scien- tific study could be complete without giving them due consideration. Because of their nature, it is impossible to cover these current happenings in any pub- lished text book—the complex ramifica- tions of our foreign relations today pre- | sent an ever-changing kaleidoscopic Text books are frequently out | of date before they are published. Current events cannot be covered sat- isfactorily through the use of official documents. These documents often do not appear until a lapse of many months; sometimes they never appear in available form; often they are in- complete. While other periodicals are a very valuable adjunct in the scientific study of foreign relations, it is submitted thai they can by no means take the place o: Their coverage is by no means as extensive, they are not as up-to-date as the press, and frequently they are based essentially on matter | that has appeared previously in the | press; the daily press is usually less expensive and more ready available. While the handicaps of text books, official publications and periodicals other than dailies, are reasonably evi- dent, it is sometimes urged that the daily press is no solution of the matter because of its own outstanding defi- ciencies. It might be well to consider briefly to what extent this objection is Jjustified. Reliability of News. Most of the better papers get the bulk of their straight news itents from such outstanding press associations as the Associated Press, the Urited Press BAKER’S STAND ON LEAGUE VOICED TO ASSURE FRIENDS | ‘Makes View as Token of Since | E Available for BY MARK SULLIVAN. EWTON D. BAK this week 1 preted as mea willing to be dr everywhere assume Baker made his statemen to friends who were a by the frequency of I lusions to the League Baker in his statemen not recede from h tional co-operation jection. He ma that he does not propose by the United States, or mitment by t De When Mr. Bak he mayed ble Won't Seek Presidency. Baker's nom Newton at ratic t L bt for he has and_letter st his me h it titude cf mir of inde expe: other ence. pre the rest of us fail ef PRESS GIVEN HIGH PLACE possession (The de sident Hoover, spect of the P d a “woman stor im. but they have charged about cverything else and doubtlgss some one will get around to that.) Saw Case of Harding. Harding is own 2 Presidency when nominated made the vic ances seen the sto ur - days a time dar sucesssful denial. He s case, a boc rously has scel 1g's inaugu substance was on U. S. Adherence Public rity in Becoming Presidency. to be true service to re one poc P moror no faint- in private e basis of tion or becomes ‘fellow-O) it of a Have te Hou: efley nk ford B Wh e sad To this office Groschen, Once Worth 1.000 Crow: : Meets Many Demands in Ausiria BY JOHN GUNTHER. VIENNA, A exists an instrument about the s a fat dime—the 10-groschen piece. Many are the uses of this instrument It is the tenth part of a schilling. but if you look at it closely you will sec number “1,000” engraved on one side— just to remind people that once it was worth 1,000 crowns Thus the 10-groschen piece once bought $200. It is now worth just un- der 115 cen Many are the lessons that Vienna draws from this tragic re- | sult of the most dreaded word in Cen- tral Europe, “inflation.” To the foreigner the manifold uses of the 10-groschen piece are sometimes obscure. It is much more than m y a coin. It is the standard tip for ver { small services, and these in Vienna are innumerable. Multiplied by three and a fraction, the 10-groschen piece pays your carfare, or, by five, your fare in the excellent “Stadtbahn,” which is a subway, ex- cept that it happens to run above ground. It buys you a small glass of beer in an automat; it purchases two of the cheapest cigarettes, which are usually sold in bulk in Vienna, and it saves you climbing stairs. You may think, being an innocent, that elevators in Vienna are to ride in. | So they are, but only after a compli- cated initial process. And even then | they are to ride up in only, not down. | Even in modern office buildings you will | find on the elevator door a neat box, locked, containing a slot. In the slot | you insert two 10-groschen pieces. The elevator then works—sometimes. More often you have to call in the services of the villainous-looking “hausbesorge,” or porter, and it costs 10 groschen more. Tips in Vienna are an almost exact | sclence. It is not generzily known | abroad, for instance, that a guest at a| | private meal in a friend's home is sup- | posed to tip the cock. This is ritual. | ‘To ignore it constitutes a fairly grave breach of etiquette. Two techniques have been evolved to a.—In Vienna there of Newspaper accounts cannot be consid-|2nd others, whose ability and afcuracy | deal with this problem. One is for the ered as scientific documents; their ac-|are usuaily not open to serious ques-|guest on leaving the table, to slip a curacy is seriously open to question; newspaper writers have neither the! tlon. Additional news is supplied by \Costmued on Sixth Page.) 1-schilling piece (14 cents) under his | plate, or two if the dinner has been Maybe The second tec arture, then hillings into pening the doo venturers go str deal with the cook direct It is well known. of cou restaurants and coffee houses t ferent waiters should sum is very small whole to 10 per cent of The “herr ober,” or head w does nothing but accept who did not work, gets 2 waiter who given two-third The 10-grosc hand is left for who serves the drinks In an apartment house it rule that the t ho up. de ight to the k ree dif The as a bill, who and “piccolo,” or boy an iron y nna m. sroper Vi ed at 9 schen for the labor of ting you out For larger monetary transactions the Viennese. who use or accept chec very rarely, have an odd business known as the postal “schein.” You buy a& green slip of paper, inscribe it with the proper amount, discover the Tregister number of your payee, and deposit the sum due at the nearest post office. The money eventually reaches him, but no one has ever found out exactly how There is an amusing tradition in Vienna that in buying coal you must send a trusted servant, or go yourself, to the coal dealer, and then walk be- hind his wagon escorting the coal home, Otherwise the driver seems to be en- titled by Viennese custom to pilfer a bucket for himself, as commission for the drive. Messenger boys, too, are realists. The lad who comes to an office every day for cable messages (for which he duly gets three 10-groschen pieces as tip) does not lock his bicycle for the period he leaves it standing at the curb. Far from it, He takes a wheel off. (¥4 (Copyright, 1833) & 4