Evening Star Newspaper, January 31, 1932, Page 30

Louisiana’s “Dynamic” Senator (Continued From Third Pag only 19. But in between he worked at odd jobs around the South, selling meat and various prodicts in his house-to- house canvass that took him through many States. When he married Miss McConnell— he tells it himself—he borrowed the money from her to pay the preacher. Then the boy-husband decided he couldn't get anywhere with what he was doing. He got hold of $300 and with his wife journeyea to New Or- leans where he ‘enrolled in the Tulane University Law School determined to be a lawyer, another of his promises which he fulfilled. He finished the course in short order and later he went to Winnfield and started in practice. In 1918 Huey Long was elected a member of the Public Service Com- mission. Since that moment his po- litical career was marked by turbulence, | but now Huey Long is at the very top- | le of the whole group, his | most pin candidate and his ticket for State of- fices overwhelmingly elected in the Democratic primary and himself a United State Senator Impeachment Threatened. TImpeachment proceedings were only of the stormy features of Long’ eer, after he had been elected Gov- »r. Influential newspapers joined against his cause and when the House of Representatives filed the impeach- ment charges his chances loooked du- bious. But 15 Senators signed a *“round obin” that they would not convict him, no matter what the evidence was and at ended the impeachment proceed- leaving Senator Long more firmly trenched than ever on the political ne of Louisiana came the senatorial campaign. Long’s ambition, he has freely ad- was to bc a United States He was running against Jos- nsdell, veteran Senator from Louisiar 1 ‘one the tried and Democratic war horses. But Huey im under despite the fact that re support of a sin- r in the State. i he wouldn't take his post gton until he felt that he d leave the State in safe guberna- tor hands. His break with Lieut. Gov. Cyr had come meantime. For some months this situation went along without comment and then cer- tain political interests began to bestir themselves. Stories came out of Wash- ington and rumors became current: Was Long going to take his seat or not? He wouldn't tell except to say that he had the law on his side and would con- tinue to be Governor until he wished to be sworn in as United States Sen- ator. Cyr Files Ouster. of this rumoring around on Lieutenant Governor, it against the .ong could not be and Senator at the 3 the same time Cyr took the oath of office as Governor of Louis- jana, but made attempt to assume the offic e was willing to wait on th )¢ the courts. When the case came up before the et Court in Cadde Parish Long gued his own defense. He Ik i Court had no jurisdiction in det ng who or who s not a United tes Senator and T re was no cause of action. erruled the first | second and ». Cyr appealed The State Supreme Court. in dismiss- ing the appeal, held that the lower court erred and that Long was correct is cont on that the courts could not decide who or who was not Senator. Huey Long has argued other cases in other courts in behalf of himself and the State. He prefers to appear parson- mo! re 1 Cyr , declar nor dismiss>d the ally. And he appears like a film star, with faultless ensemble, and fresh as & daisy. But unlike some film stars he has the legal lore at his finger tips and only recently in a caze before the State Supreme Court had many of the judges chuckling at his clever summings up. Huey Long was the first Governor of Louisiana to recognizec a woman in a public State office. When the Secre- tary of State died Long appointed his own private secretary, Alice Lec Gros- jean, to fill the post. When Register Grace of the State Land Office died Long appointed Lucille May Grace to the place, and his judgment apparently was vindicated by the fact that Miss Grace was elected to the post in the recent primary by one of the largest majorities ever given any candidate in the State. Long's candidate for Governor (and here it should be explained that a Governor who serves a full term may not succeed himself in Louisiana) was Oscar Kelly Allen, chairman of the | State Highway Commission and a former State Senator. That he was named overwhelmingly again speaks much for the political artistry of the retiring Governor and new United States Sen- ator. The Allen party stumped the State and Allen and other candidates spoke. But it was Huey Long who was the leader. Sometimes he'd in- terrupt Allen on the platform with the remark, “You've said enough now, Allen,” and take up the discourse him- | self. " He is a virile, energetic speaker, | not above personalities, but with the knack of winning his audience and pressing home his point. Also he is | tireless and spent days in campaigning | the State and nights in battling his | arch enemy, former Gov. Parker, over | the radio. | One of Senator Long's “pets” is the Louisiana State University, situated in Baton Rouge. Recently he caused to be erected in New Orleans a handsome adjunct to the State school, a medical college, with the best staff of teachers obtainable. He rates that as one of his chief accomplishments. Band Is Another Hobby. The Louisiana State University Band is another hobby. Huey even parades as drum major with the band upon occasions. When he was asked re- cently if he intended to go to Wash- ington in the near future, he said: | "“I've got a lot of things to do first | and_one of them is to go back and teach that band some new tunes.” Long had a flock of special trains all arranged to accompany the L.S.U. foot ball team to West Point last Fall, | but his fear of leaving the State gov- ernment in_the hands of Dr. Cyr or others, precluded that and most of the advertised trains were canceled Long is given credit in athletic cir- cles for the Tecent change in coaches at his favorite State college. The resignation of Russell Cohen, head coach, came in, whether asked for or not, it wasn't stated, and after a little delay it was announced that “Biff” Jones, famous former Army coach, would be the head mentor at L. S. U., with Bert Ingwersen of Iowa as his chief assistant. You see, even though Huey went to Tulane University, there are certain things about the college he isn't crazy about and he'd love to have his State University wallop Tulane on the foot ball gridiron. This, of course, is some- thing L. S. U. hasn't been able to do lately, but Gov. Long is positive that the new coaching staff will bring results And to conclude—here’s a comment brought back to New Orleans by a local man: “They asked me in Wash- ington.” he said, “when Long will take his seat. I told them I didn't know and why did they ask. ‘Well’ they said, ‘this is the dullest Senate you ever saw and we hear Long is dif- ferent. Success of District Y. W. C. A. Traced To Roosevelt’s Conference in 1907| age.) (Continued From Third many valuable antiques into the bar- B%With the arrival of the “war work- ers” i the cafeteria at 636 E street began to prove inadequate and shortly thereafter the historic old house at 614 E street was purchased, and opened: one of its additional attractions being a swimming pool—the first to be instailed for girls and young women in this city ¢l remember Christmas of 1917 when the staff planned to have a huge tree, hung with numerous small gifts and announced through the press that the Y. W. C. A. would be at home to all who were lonely. The secretaries in charge asked me to assist them that rnoon and it was a delight to help ain the many who filled our rooms, everyone receiving a gift and delicious refreshments. Leaves Estate to Y. W. hs later we were sur- he paper that a woman f French descent, Madelaine Garnier, d died, leaving her estate to our as- sociation. The nurse who cared for came to sce me and said her patient ad told her that on Christmas morning so lonely she decided to go to the river and end her life. But she read in the Post of the Y. W. C. A, in- viting all who were lonely to go to our rters, then at Fourteenth and , where she went and stayed P on and had a happy time. Then she said to the nurse, “Even the president of the association was there on Christmas day helping to entertain us, so I made up my mind that if those women were willing to give up their time to make us forget our loneliness, 1 was going to leave what I had to the Y. W. C. A" That estate has netted us $25.904, so the bread cast upon the waters that Christmas day came back to us many fold In 1918 the association gave up its headquarters at Fourteenth and G streets and bought the old Adams Building. at 1333 F street, and its splen- did location and greatly enlarged quar- | ters made possible increased service to the hundreds of young women in war service here. Then, in 1921, Mrs. John | D. Rockefeller, jr., at that time chair- | man of the National Board Committee | on War Activities here, gave the local association a deed for the property at | Twentieth and B streets, where they had been running a cafeteria, and ever nce that time the cafeteria has been dlling a real need, until recently pur- chased by the Government. Receives Maryland Farm. A surprise bequest {n 1922 gave into the hands of the ¥. W. C. A. here the beautiful estate of Mrs. Anna S. Kah- lert near Silver Spring, an act of sheer appreciation on Mrs. Kahlert’s part, and it made a reality of a long-time dream for a Summer camp for the Girl Reserves. Known as Kamp Kahlert, it offers annually to more than 1,600 teen-age girls here the privileges of one of the best girls' camps in the country. | Legacies and bequests, large and | small, are constantly aiding the work of the Y. W. C. A. A gift of the entire | estate of Miss Adelaide Mansur gave inspiration to the board of directors to | raise sufficient funds for the erection of a permanent building, which now stands at the corner of Seventeenth and K streets. Many other gifts have been received in the years that have passed since 1907, the total reaching half a | million dollars entrusted to_the Y. W. | C. A. as stewards from 15 friends who | had faith in the Young Women's Chris- tian Association. Twenty-six years ago the association owned no property, and today there stand, in or near the Capital, the splen- did_administration_building, the Eliza- beth Somers residence, the E street branch, Vacation Lodge at Cherrydale, a., and Kamp Kahlert on West River, Md., in token of the high regard held | by the friends of the association for the girls of the entire Nation who assemble within the walls thereof, and a living | tribute to the work of the Y. W. C. A. Fairly Accurate American Press Beneficial in Foreign Relations| (Continued From First Page.) special writers of their own staffs or syndicated writers. There are articles and editorials by special writers sup- plementing and interpreting the news. To what extent can these special writers be criticized on account of their ability, their accuracy or their integrity? Competition in the newspaper field is greal and this is particularly true of those who write on such large problems as foreign relations. Usually only the aighest grade of men of long experience <nd extensive travels ever become prom- inent in this field. It is not unusual to find that they have been engaged in this work for twenty years or more, have been on the scene of action of many of the most important international hap- penings and have had extraordinary contacts with the men who have been actually making diplomatic history. They are much more careful students of the scientific phases of foreign re- lations than is generally recognized. They frequently have extensive libraries and read carefully the works of out- standing scientific authorities. It is difficult to deceive them either officially or unofficially. They have a way of fer- reting out confidential angles of nego- tiations, which gives them an insight sometimes not completely availabl> even to the officials who are conducting the negotiations. They are keenly aware of the actuality and practicality of inter- national happenings. There can be little question of the experience, qualifications and contacts of such men as Frank Simonds, Con- stantine Brown, Ira Bennett, Frederic William Wile, Byron Price, Louis Heath, William Hard, Willlam P. Simms and ~ | George R. Holmes, to mention at ran- dom only a few of the many outstand- ing men in this field. The men who cover, these matters can | be placed in three groups: Washing- foreign countries and writers in Amer- can cities outside of Washington. Many of those in the second and third groups have had at one time or another expe ‘ence as Washington correspondents. As | Washington is the capital and center of | our foreign relations, it has a large and | distinguished corps of writers on foreign | affairs whose articles are read through- out the United States. Some special remarks on these men may cevve {0 give | a geod insight into the matters we sre treating. | 1t can be said witkout fear of con- tradiction that the accredited news- paper men in Washington have con- tacts that practically no professor or text book writer could possibly have. They are in almost daily and intimate conversations with the President of the United States, the Secretary of State, leading Senators and Congressmen, dip- lomats, visiting foreign officials, foreign | correspondents and representative Amer- |ican leaders who visit Washington in large numbers. It is difficult for a person outside of | Washington to understand to what ex: | tent these men are taken into the con- | fidence of officials and leaders and even called on for important aid and advice. It not infrequently happens that they alene are furnished with most impor- | tant confidential data. While some- | times they are not at liberty to quote this data as coming directly from the official or leader concerned, it often aids them in the preparation and presenta- | ton correspondents, correspondents in ; THE SUNDAY tion of an accurate background and sometimes furnishes the only channel by which this news can be released. | They get the data from many sides and check and counter check it in such way that they -have unusual opportunities for an accurate slant on public opinion, both official and unofficial. It is evi- dent that most of these writers have had long experience, are men of out- standing ability and have extraordinary means for obtaining accurate data on the foreign affairs of the United States. Do their articles measure up to the ex pectations engendered by these special qualifications? Life Work of Writers, The presentation of matters affect- ing our foreign relations is the life work of these men. Their livlihood | depends upon it. Their unusual chan- nels of information would be quickly closed to them if they were frequently ! guilty of inaccuracies. They would not | hold thelr positions long on a first-class newspaper if they were not competent and accurate. | The quality of their work is indicated by the high respect in which they are held not only by our own officials, but by those of other countries as well. Their articles are considered impottant and watched carefully. Close contacts with newspaper men are maintained by officials and leaders. Mr. Boal recently testified as to the magnitude of the work and the ability of these men in handling it. He said “I have been a first-hand witness to the great pains which the newspapers take to get the facts of any given sit- uation. We should marvel at the ac- curacy and completeness with which tbe news of foreign events of a_more complicated nature usually reach us. Foreign offices are not by nature com- municative. Often the ‘story’ must be brought out of a mass of technical de- ‘ails, the man who writes it must under- stand his subject. no matter how com- plicated it may be, it must present a clear and unprejudiced view of an event —and the event must be true.” Our own personal experiences with some of the leading newspaper men con- vinces us that their love of truth and accuracy is not less than that of rec- ognized professors and scientific writers. Inaccuracies Are Costly. If any first-class newspaper man makes inaccurate statements it may cause grave international complications; it is dangerous for him and he might not only lose his position, but injure his career as a whole. A false statement in any leading newspaper almost inevitably results in more or less numerous and immediate complaints from interested parties. In such cases, it is not unusual for the writer to be “called on the car- pet,” and unless he can back up the ac- curacy of his statements, he might soon be looking for another position. We have in mind several concrete cases of this sort within the last few weeks and our respect for the newspaper corps was increased by the fact that on each occasion the newspaper men in ques- tion were able to substantiate t statements from historical and off documents. In discussing the responsibility of these writers and the accuracy of their | | statements, a new factor of importance should be taken into considerat The life of a newspaper is its circula- tion and circulation is damaged by in- accuracies observed by the readers. We | have mentioned above the tremendous {increase in public interest in the for- | eign relations ef the United States and | the phenominal growth of organiza- | tions throughout the country for the | | scientific and critical analysis of these re- | lations. Hence, today there are hundreds | of thousands of Americans who are | sufficiently well informed on our for- | eign affairs so that it is not very diffi- cult for them'to detect inaccuracies and prejudiced statements. If only for business reasons, no first-class news- | paper can, therefore, afford to retain | on its staff a writer whose accuracy and fairness can be frequently questioned. ial | Justification of Criticism. In spite of the general high stand- ing of the American press. undoubtedly | a number of our papers can be attacked frequently for inaccuracies and bias and even the best of them are from time | to time open to well-founded criticisms However, it is only fair to say that there is probably no place in the world | where the average citizen and student can obtain more easily from the news- papers fairly accurate and unbiased ac- counts of foreign affairs, than is true in the case of the United States It is submitted that a first-class American newspaper with a sufficient coverage of the foreign relations of the United States is a valuable instrument for the proper scientific teaching of the foreign relations of the United St in any first class American college university. It is not proposed that in such courses the professor or student accept without question the views ex- pressed in the daily press. These views should be submitted to a critical ex- j amination and should be taken from a variety of writers to insure a broad and unbiased treatment. With the caliber of the average American professor of | these subjects being such as it is, we have no doubt that any danger that exists in the use of the press in the scientific study of foreign relations can readily be removed under the expert quidance of the professor and through the joint discussion method which is | becoming more and more a factor in | higher education in America. S Balearic Islands Seeking Freedom PALMA, Majorca. — The Islands, Mediterranean crossroads, where Occidental, African and Euro- i pean civilizations have met and clashad | for more than two thousand years, are once more weaving dreams of regaining | a measure of their lost freedom. | As far back as 1521 the people of the Balearic group—of which the island of Majorca, with its 1,350 square miles and its nearly 300,000 inhabitants, is the largest—cast the dice and lost in their last previous effort for freedom. In that year Majorca’s hero, Juan Crespi, led the people 1n revolt against the tyranny of Spain's ruler, Charles V., and drove the King’s men from most | of the island. But the King’s men came back strong and Crespi and 400 of his followers paid for their revolt wigh torture and death Since then Majorca has been either under Spanish or Austrian domination. The Austrians once got a foothold and stayed for 200 years before the Span- iards came back. And in all that time the efforts of the people to have }a voice in their own affairs have been firmly and even rudely discouraged. Now, with a republican government implanted in Spain, and with the way paved by the new constitution for granting autonomy to such regions as seek it, a new move is afoot here for obtaining a form of regional self-gov- ernment similar to that demanded hy the Basques, or by the peovle of neigh- boring Catalonia, whose capital, Barce- lona, is but a night's boat ride away. The nearly 400,000 people who in- habit the three largest islands of Ma- jorca, Minorca and Iviza and the two smaller islands have, in fact, a strong affinity for the Catalans, for they them- selves are of a dominantly Catalan strain and their language, commonly called Majorquese, is in reality almost pure Catalan. When Col. Francisco Macia, just after the proclamation of the republic, set up his Catalan State in Barcelona, a movement was immediately com- menced to bring the Balearics back into the Catalan family as of old. The idea, was that the islanders should have their own government and then make a kind of federative alliance with the Catalans. This movement has been definitely spiked, however, by the new constitution, which, being anti-federal, has pro- hibited the federation of regions among themselves. So the only way out for the Balearics is to set up a regime which, while similar to that of Cata- lonia, will not be federated with it. (Copyright, 1932.) Balearic STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C, JANUARY 31, FAR FROM BROAD AND WALL STREETS BY BRUCE BARTON. AR e though there is not much traffic. Way, and everything. Reading of the measures being tak blem, certain resi do something about our problem,” they said. the unemployment pro agitate. “We ought to A special town meeting was ca debate an appropriation was made and missioner and the tree warden. S, \T¥ ECENTLY I left New York for a visit to the United States, and picked up these two stories: There is a certain country town of about 3,000 population, whose people feel they should do whatever the big cities do. So they have traffic lights, al- They have a little Great White en in the cities to alleviate dents of this town began to lled, and after a good deal of intrusted to the road com- Then came a serious question: “Who are (or is) the unemployed?” As nobody knew, it was decided to run an advertisement in the newspaper. be the same men who work on the roads every Wintexr. were not unemployed within the mean- Then a second and more compelling plained to them that they ing of the appropriation. advertisement was run. This time 16 men reported, A number of men answered, but they proved to It was ex- and, according to the testimony of the town clerk, 11 of them came in their own automobiles! The second story was told automobile company. with a series of prizes. me by the sales manager of an He put on a sales contest in the Summer, The first prize was won by a backwoods Pennsylvania Dutch- man, and he was invited, with the other winners, to a celebration dinner in New York. After many pep speeches by the president and other officers, the sales manager rose and said: “Now comes the climax. from the backwoods of Pennsylv. derful record in the past 90 days. I want to introduce John Sundstrom ania, who has made such a won- I want him to tell you men what he is going to do for the company in the next 90 days.” The Dutchman was very red and embarrassed. Manager, you are fine feller,” he said. But since I come here to New York I find out there is a big you., “Mister Sales “I am sorry to disappoint panic in this country and I'm afeared you can’t count on me to do nothing more.” . . . I enjoyed my visit to the United States. towns and counties in the heart not s~ bad. There are plenty of of the country where things are In fact, the picture grows progressively brighter the farther you travel from Broad and Wall. (Cop: ¥ 1932) New Government of Salvador Faces Battle for Recognition (Continued From Third Page) thrown, in which he held a most im- portant position These, however, are moral elements which belong more to the internal politics of the country. Certainly, no foreign power is entitled to pass upon the morality of a political movement in an independent Central American state. Another Objection. But the other objection, that estab- lished by the Washington treaty of 1923, is part of an international compact: it is something beyond the individual will of El Salvador. For it is derived from an international agreement, vok untarily entered upon, in which each country has acceded to a_self-imposed limitation of sovereignty for the bene- fit of the common good and peace of all the parties involved Until not long ago, the non-recogni- tion by the State Department of Latin American_government born of revolu- tion had been one of the major causes for resentment and antagonism toward the United States on the other side of the Rio Grande. This policy of non- recognition, advocated by President Wil- son, amounted more or less to a passing upon the internal problems of the Latin American nations In denying them the right to revo- lution, the Latin Americans contended that the Wilson theory denied them the right to self-government—that is, an inalienable and fundamental right with- out which they coud not be completely sovereign and independent. Consequently. Latin American states- men praised enthusiastically the re- versal of the State Department to the old Jeffersonian principle of recogni- | & tion, as announced last year by Secre- tary Stimson. He stated that “any government_which is the expression of popular will, even if born of revolu- tion, and which is able to assure inter- nal order and protection to foreign lives and property, will be recognized | by the United States.” Hailed With Satisfaction, According to this policy a number | of new regimes which had used vio- lence to put a stop to dictatorial, per- sonalistic rules in South America, have rapidly been extended recognition dur- ing the last two years. This has been hailed with much satisfaction and ap- proval by Latin Americans, who view the new policy as showing greater re- spect for their sovereignty and their right to give themselves the govern- ment they choose. But in the case of a Central Ameri- can republic, the situation is different. Here there is another factor to be taken into consideration. There is a special treaty repudiating violence as a means to attain power. There is a formal agreement by means of which the Central American countries, by voluntary and common accord, bind themselves not to recognize any regime which is not set up by constitutional means. And, specifically, not to recog- nize as the head of such new regime any one connected with the revolt which brought it about, or with the cabinet of the President thus over- thrown. These are treaty stipulations which leave no doubt as to the way to be fol- lowed. Good or bad—we will not dis- cuss that now—the treaty is in full force. Let us show in the American Continent more respect for treaties than the Japanese have on the other side of the Pacific. Three Roads Open. Once the National Assembly, which is to restore normality in El Salvador, has been convened, it will follow either one of three ways: First, it may in- dorse all the acts of the present tem- porary government and give it consti- tutional support; second, it'may accept the resignation of Provisional President Martinez and nominate him again as constitutional President; and, third, it may select from among a list of promi- nent, impartial citizens, - the three “designados” for which the constitu- tion provides, in the absence of the President and Vice President, the first one taking the reins of government. Neither of the first two courses would solve the problem of foreign recognition for, even if “constitutionalized,” the s | new government would still be headed by the former minister of war of Presi- dent Araujo. The last course is evi- dently the one that the constitution, the welfare and the prestige of El Sal- vador would advise. Among the names already being dis- cussed for this possibility those of Gen. Peralta Lagos. Dr. Miguel Thomas Mo- lina, Dr. Cordova and Senior Gomez Zarate, and that of Dr. Leiva, Minis- | ter to Washington, arg the ones most | mentioned. Any one of them would be a guaranty of honest government and domestic tranquillity for the Salvado- rean people. (Copyright, Soviets Turn Efforts 1932)) To Extend Bakeries ' MOSCOW, U. 8. S. R—A plan has been drawn up for the construction of bread bakeries in the Soviet Union, which is concerned with the problem of | mechanizing the bakeries in all indus- trial centers, cities, workers' settle- ments, on state farms and, to some ex- tent, on the collective farms. The plan will be realized within two years. Also, the government has decided to increase considerably the manufacture of bakery equipment. According to a decision of the Ceatral Committee, next year the manufacture of mechanical equipment will be increased 300 per cent over this year's output. The value of this pro- | duction will amount to 48,000.000 ru- bles, as against the present 12,000,000 rubles, which will permit a 50 per cent fulfillment of the mechanization pro- ram. A capital investment of 180.- 000,000 rubles will be made available |in the course of the next two years for the realization of the entire plan. Asks Lifting of Ban Excluding Hapsburgs : VIENNA, Austria.— Prince Otto, | the student in Steenockerzeel, who is | pretender to the throne of Hungary, has been named an honorary citizen | |of several villages in the Tyrol, the | newspaper Tyroler Anzelger said. The local council of the town of Ampass, following others, has taken this step, which to the sentimental Tyolese has great significance. Many ‘uf them are legitimist in sympathy land look forward to the return of the | Hapsburgs. “We are poor, but we are not scoun- drels,” the decree of the Ampass council reads, “we believe in justice, and we appeal for the rescinding of the law excluding the Hapsburgs from Austria.” Legitimist newspapers have com- mented, approving this sentiment. Special Rates Enai;le Italians to Go Places ROME, Italy.—Now it is the turn of the Italians themselves to see some- thing of their country’s glories. The old tradition that no Milanese would be caught dead in Rom: and that no Venetian ever set foot in Genoa has been shattered during the last Summer by the institution of special railroad ex- cursions at reduced prices. During August and September 418,- 000 Italians patronized these excur- sions, traveling a total of 111,000 miles on 415 special trains. While the origi- nal idea was to amuse the people, rather than to make any considerable profits from the excursions, the railways now report that the profit derived from oper- ation of excursion trains amounted to more than twice as much per mile as that gained from running ordinary trains. It is safe to say that four-fifths of those who rode these trains would never have been able to forsake their tradi- tional stamping grounds without the concession of special rates. - European tailors re that their trade is one of the few in which women have made little progress. 1932—PART TWO. Scandinavians Aroused By Official’s Faux Pas STOCKHOLM, Sweden—Credit for a remarkable “faux pas” is attributed to an official of the French ministry of commerce, who, until a few days ago, had never studied the map of Northern Europe. Though ignorant as a young- ster of things geographic, this func- tionary was intrusted with the task of deciding which countries with “depreci- ated currency” would be obliged to pay an extra tariff on goods imported into France, in accordance with a recent government edict. The gentleman in question had ap- parently heard that the Swedish crown and the Danish crown were off the gold standard. He was less sure about Norway, and he did not even know how Finland stood. So, without taking the trouble to cansult any one, he pro- ceeded to fix the “extra duty” for Sweden and Denmark at 15 per cent and that of Norway at 8 per cent. Finland, whose currency had depreci- ated even more than that of the other three Scandinavian countries, was let off without any extra duty at all. When the Swedes and Danes heard about this they were infuriated and both proceeded to place embargoes on French liquor for the rest of the year. Norway also was furious, though slight- ly less than Sweden and Denmark. Finland was exultant and saw prospects of being able to cut Sweden entirely out of the French wood and paper-pulp market, thanks to her 15 per cent ad- vantage. Sweden and Denmark made official protests to the French govern- ment over the favoritism shown Fin- land. Then the French suddenly dis- covered that all of the Scandinavian currencies were equally depreciated. Now Finland and Norway have been placed on the list of those countries paying 15 per cent extra duty, and every one is unhappy. Denmark Slashes All But King’s Allowance COPENHAGEN, Denmark. — King Christian’s personal allowance is the only item in the Danish budget for the years 1932-33 which is not scheduled to be cut by the Stauning government in its attempts to reduce state expenses. Every other item on the expenditure side of the balance sheet has been re- duced considerably, estimated expenses for the coming budget year being 37,- 000,000 crowns less than those for the present year. While King Christian is allotted 1,072,000 crown—approximately $220,000—the ministry of war will get $600,000 less than it did this year, and the ministry of marine $38,000 less. The new budget, which remains to be passed by Parliament, proposes to elim- inate all but absolutely necessary ex- penses, and it is consequently interest- ing to see what the Stauning Social Democratic government considers “need- |less.” While allotments for the fighting | forces are cut considerably, so is the allotment for the ministry of religious affairs. ‘The ministry of education, the min- istry of social affairs and the ministry of foreign affairs are spared big cuts, although they also are called upon to reduce expenses slightly. It is worth noting that one-fifth of the total in- the sale of schnapps. beer and strong drink—just as has been the case dur- ing the present year. PUBLIC LIBRARY World Problems of Today. In connection with current discus- sions of debts, reparations, disarma- ment and the economic crisis, the Pub- lic Library calls attention to the fol- lowing list of books and magazine articles compiled under the direction of Miss Emma Hance, director of refer- ence work: Books. Challenge of the East. by Eddy. 1931. JU60.Ed29. The situation today in India. China, Japan and other possible Asiatic dan- | ger spots is surveyed clearly and im- Sherwood admits that he has a feeling for the “under dog.” Background of International Relations, by Charles Hodges. 1931. JU.H66. An ambitious book, which shows the factors influencing neations in their and the development from nationalism to internationalism in thought. Pan_Sovietism, by B. C. Hopper. F5466.H18 A readable_and thought-provoking discussion of Russia’s present political and economic outlook, in which the | author contrasts the Socialist and the capitalist systems and speculates in re- gard to the possibility of a clash be- | tween the two. | Phe Course and Phases of the World Economic Depression, by the League of Nations. 1931. HC.L47 An interpretation of recent and pres- | ent conditions and tendencies, based on a survey of world economic problems. | Building the World Society, edited by L. W. McMullen, 1931. JU.M226. A compilation of basic articles on in- ternational relations, excellent for refer- ence or class room use. It treats of the historical background, economie problems, foreign policy, armament and | methods for peaceful settlement of in- ternational disputes. | A Picture of World Economic Conditions at the Beginning of 1931, by the National _Industrial Conference Board. 1931. HC.N215.v.6. An unbiased survey of economic con- | ditions. Part I gives facts regarding 1931. ~ | industrial production. wages, prices, for- eign trade, etc. Part II contains origi- | nal articles on economic conditions in | Europe. The World's Economic Dilemma, by E. M. Patterson. 1930. HC.P275w. “The author holds that political divi- | sions do not necessarily prevent eco- nomic union.” The fundamental eco- | nomic facts are presented first and | illustrations of these problems in vari- | ous countries follow. = The final chap- ters note progress now being made. Can Europe Keep the Peace? by Frank Simonds. 1931. JU30.8i56. A short, clear but not encouraging discussion of the political, economic and | racial problems of Europe since the | Versailles treaty, by a distinguished journalist Work, Wealth and Happiness of Man- | kind, by H. G. Wells. Two volumes. 1931. HC.W467w. A thought-provoking book, the last ' of a trilogy, the other two being “Out. {line of History” and “Science of Lif | Wells_concludes from a _bewildering {number of examples that there is need for a revision of legal, political and educational traditions. The United States and Disarmament, by B. H. Williams. 1831. JXAR. W6T2. A review of the problem of national- |istic armaments, which shows how | navies have been subject to limitation | conterence action. Magazine Articles. America and the Silver Question. Con- gressional Digest. November, 1931. America’s War Debt Policy. Congres- sional Digest. October, 1931. Basic Treaty Issues in Manchuria Be- tween Japan and China. Forelgn Policy Reports. December, 1931. Burden of Armaments. Foreign Policy Reports. December 9, 1931. Clash of Arms in Manchuria, by C. H. Peake. Current History, p. 507-512. January, 1932. Crisis of the Gold Standard, by J. H. Williams. Foreign Affairs, p. 173- 187. January, 1932. India’s Failure to Unite for Home Rule. Current History, p. 5¢4-548. Janu- ary, 1932. ‘Threats of Revolution, by Lindsay Ho- ben. Current History, p. 387-392. December, 1931. Impressions of Germany in the Sum- mer of 1831, come of the State is to be derived from | partially, although the authcr frankly | struggle for existence and domination | and control in the last decade through | The Last Chance for Peace? (Continued Prom Pirst Page.) budget with extra millions for extra ‘warships. Certainly Great Britain, facing the most severe crisis in the economic field which has ever hit ber during the industrial era, is desperately anxious to reduce her expenses on ships and soldiers to the lowest figure pos- sible by any international plan of re- duction. The same is true of Italy; and as far as Germany is concerned, | her bankrupt state has been broadcast by international accountants. Poverty, bad trade, oppressive taxation, the col- lapse of credit, the slump in commodity prices and the flight from gold are the most powerful arguments in favor of disarmament. On the psychological side is the in- telligence of the intelligent. One can't bank too much on that, because it is a strictly limited commodity. But one needn't under-estimate it. In every country there are groups of men and women who see very clearly that war under modern conditions is as harmful | to the victor as to the vanquished, that it is an unintelligent way of settling | disputes, that it is a denial of all belief in human progress and an outrage upon faith in humanity itself. In Europe, so recently stricken by four-and-a-half years of massacre and ruin, there is among all clear-thinking people—say & few millions—an absolute conviction that another war on the same scale with even more efficient | weapons would actually mean—without | any literary exaggeration—the down- | fail of civilization, the end of all tra- | dition, the beginning of the last phase. They see that this national egotism, this inflamed and selfish patriotism which | led to the last war and is still enor- mously strong behind all frontiers, can no longer be tolerated in its childish manifestations—the _mentality of a braggart boy—now that the world has | shrunk = size (owing to the speeding- up of communications annihilating dis- tance) and the interdependence of na- tions in trade and finance. | In addition there are many millions of people who have not thought very | deeply or clearly about these things but | who have a spiritual influence on world affairs not to be ignored altogether by statesmen and diplomats. Their horror | of war, their prayers for peace, their | faith in pacts and pledges made so solemnly by the signatories of the great powers will have some weight in the | Disarmament Conference because even the most cold-blooded diplomat, the most cynical statesman, dare not nowa- | days ignore mass opinion, and if he wishes to defy it he has to pretend that he is fulfilling it. Even that is a help. But the truth is, I think, that cynic- ism will not be present at the council table—not deliberate and callous cynic- ism. Every statesman present will be sincerely and even passionately anxious to formulate some plan for the reduc- tion of armaments—provided that such a plan does not endanger the security and vital needs of his own nation. And that proviso is likely to prevent any rapid advance toward the goal de- sired. It ralses the most stupendous difficulties which will lead to inter- minable arguments, hot friction among nations and groups of nations, charges of hyprocrisy agd falsehood. charges of i bad faith and @ownright villainy, and | above all, clamor in the press of all countries that their naticn is being be- trayed by pacifists, that their national security is being undermired, that the whole conference is a fake, that France is fastening new shackles onto defeated peoples, that Great Britain is seeking to secure sea supremacy under cover of disarmament and that the United States is asking the world to disarm while réfusing to reduce the size of her | own warships. Oh, it's not going to be | plain sailing! The press reporters are going to have a great time. Millions | of words are going to be written and | read—with heartburn and soul sick- | ness—before there is any agreement on disarmament. The difficulties are truly great. The dream of a United States of Europe is {still a distant vision. Europe is still a | conglomeration of nations among which | many have a racial and traditional haticd of each other—for no light rea- sons, but in remembrance of invasion with all its horrors and many acts of | enmity. oppression and injustice which still inflame ever-open wounds. Beyond | Europe other races live in suspicion and | fear of each other, or wait until the western nations weaken before rising | | against their influence or domination. | Prance is going to be the scapegoat of this conference. All ardent pacifists | will pick on her as the cause of delay | and obstruction. But it is not asking a | little of France to surrender her pres- | ent supremacy in arms. It is like ask- | ing a medieval knight to surrender his sword in the presence of the dragon. At least, that is how it seems to many intelligent Frenchmen. They believe | | quite honestly that peace in Europe has been kept until now only by the fact that. Germany and Austria and Hun- | gary have been powerless because of French guns and airplanes and bayo- | nets. Supposing they disarm or reduce their strength by 50 per cent. That, in | their opinion. will make it 50 per cent | easier for Germany to fight again in order to reverse the verdict of the last war—which millions of Frenchmen be- | lieve they intend to do, or try to do, sooner or later. Italy is in favor of the most sweeping reductions. _ Yes, says the average | Frenchman, but Italy also is hostile to | France, but unable to do her damage because of French superiority in armed | power. In another war Italy would be with Germany, and it is therefore to her advantage to reduce French power. All we want, says the average French- man, is security and the status quo. Yes, but the French idea of security is | not going to be lulled by scaling down armaments to the level of those peoples | who are passionately resolved to end | the status quo and revise the peace treaties by completely redrawing the map of Europe. They make no secret of this intention. Herr Hitler proclaims it through a megaphone. So at the con- ference table the representatives of France are bound to raise difficulties. | Do we expect them to behave as though Germany were inhabited by angels? I merely suggest one reason why dis- armament is not so easy as it looks to simple souls with a prayer for peace in | their hearts. | The French and others may suggest | a reduction by budget—so much less | to be spent, proportionately. It sounds | all right until analyzed. But it doesn'ts lead to equality. France has a con- | script army. Her colonial and colored troops are cheap soldiers. So are her boys who join the colors for their mili- tary service. Great Britain has a little regular professional army which costs a great deal more a man. Her navy is vastly expensive, ship by ship, in rela- tion to foreign submarines launched | like tiddlers at a small price, but with | very destructive qualities. This reduc- | tion by budget won't satisfy several na- | tions, each one of which will have its own ideas on security and vital needs. | England and her sister peoples will | begin to talk about the necessity of | i policing a great empire. They have | already talked quite a lot about it. There is the northwest frontier of India, where there must always be watchmen at the gate. There are pirates in the Persian Gulf. There are still fuzazy- ‘wuzzies in the Sudan. The map of the world is speckled with places where British troops may be needed at any moment to maintain order or defend British lives and property. Then, Great Britain is entirely de- pendent for food supplies upon sea communications. If they are cut, her people starve. With so many subma- rines around in foreign ports they might | be cut one day, even if England is not |at war. Lord Beatty and Lord Jel- licoe (the great nawal commanders) ' stated very solemnly a year or so ago | that Great Britain cannot safeguard | her communications with less than 70 cruisers—but at the present rate of | bullding she will have no more than | 39—apart from old derelicts—in 1936. | Nevertheless, at the Disarmament Con- | ference Great Britain will be asked to | cut down her cruiser strength and to reduce expenditures on her army. Since the war the British Navy has re- | newed prosperity. | picions and fears and hatreds | headway made. duced its personnel (I quote the fig= ures of Lord Lloyd) from 147,000 to 92,000, while the United States Navy has increased its personnel from 67,000 to 114,000, and Japan from 50,000 ta 80,000. It is expected that at the Disarma- ment Conference the representatives of Great Britain will propose, first of all, the total abolition of submarines and, secondly, a reduction in the size of bat- tleships 'and caliber of guns carried thereon, from 35,000 tons to less than, 25,000, with 12-inch guns instead of 16 inch. It will be proposed also, accord- ing to naval experts who seem to know, that cruisers should not exceed 8,000 tons nor carry heavier armament shan 6-inch_guns. On this question there is going % h? some very heated argument. All th smaller naval powers, including Frane believe that their cheapest means of defense (to say nothing of attack) les in the submarine, to which the British Navy and shipping are most vulnerable, ‘What hypocrisy! they will cry. What a one-sided proposition! And the United States will have quite a lot ta say about reducing the size of battle- ships and guns. The American naval men will say—and have already said— that owing to the geographical position of the United States they need big bat- tleships with a far cruising capacity, and heavy guns with long range—for security’s sake. It's all, of course, for the sake of security—that sacred right of all nations. Hence the trouble. ‘Then there is Russia, and may heaven help us, because nobody quite knows hat is going on in the mind of Rus- It is true that at various prelimi- nary conferences the Russians have suggested plans for complete and abso- lute disarmament of all nations. Ideal- with whom I am in great sympathy—were inclined to take this at its face value and say: “How marvelous! Those are the only people who have the courage to make a clean sweep of armaments.” But it is also true that while they were making this ists and pacifi | amiable proposal they were increasing their own armaments, manufacturing aircraft, getting German aviators to train their own pilots and spending heavy sums on preparation for war. Their present budget will, I understand, include more than $1,500,000,000 for military purposes. Supposing that the Russians were to spend nothing at all on armaments, provided other countries were to spend nothing at all—for the sake of argu- ment though, of course, that is a fan- tastic impossibility. What a glorious chance to spread Communism across undefended frontiers! Would there be equality between the Russian people armed with hay forks and, let us say, the Lithuanian and Latvian people armed in the same way? Numbers would tell very much in favor of the Russian. Here is another difficulty which will face the conference. Re- duction by budget would not reduce the Russian Red army quite as much as the French Army, to say nothing of the British Army. They do these things cheaper in Russia, Again, is there any possible or prob- able reduction in armaments on the part of France and her ring of friendly states—Poland, Czechoslovakia, Jugo- a—which would satisfy the aver- age German's sense of tice and equality? Germa is allowed 100,000 men to keep internal crder. Prance may make a ncble gesture of self-r nunciation by cutting down her armies by 40 per cent. I can hear the laughter of Herr Hitler. Would he think that Germany had attained a righteous equality? He would not. He would issue a proclamation to the German people urging them to raise an army : equal to that cf France and her alli No, it is not going to be easy, this Disarmament Conference. It is not going to be a quick decision in favo~ of unive rming guns into plowshares or s azors. Disarma- : ment will have to cme by installments and the continual pressure of enlighte ened opinion. My own view is that it is, at best, an economy measure which will be forced on most nations by financial stress. and that there will be some easing-off of the gross and hideous burden of costs so_many people are staggering. That in itself will be a relief to the imagination and nerves of those peo- ple. It will give them a chance of re- which will make them s inclined for war and less embittered with the circumstances of their present state. It will stop the . unlimited competition in armaments, : which otherwise would certa ¢ result . from a breakdown of the cc leadin= inevitably to new wars would be a respite and a breathing space for the intelligent and spiritually ; minded folk to get busy and prepare : other plans for peace and int-rnational co-cperation. That is why all men of ¢ good will must fervently hope for the - success of the conference, even if it is only a partial success and fails to es- tablish the peace of God on earth. But there are other causes of war | beyond a piling up of guns and ammu- nition. There are jeal-usies and sus- Better, even than a reduction of arms on the part of France would be an intelligent friendship and co-operation between her and her neighbors. Get rid of their enmity and rivalry and almost all the causes of war in Europe would be eradicated, apart -from the Russian menace cr bogey. 1 personally believe that Western Europe will have to unite in defense of its traditional civilization against enemies not armed with guns ; and high explosives so much as with disintegrating ideas attacking the liber- ties of human life and the individual ; soul. I believe that the world itself, far beyond the European sphere, will have to co-operate more closely in order to get back the means of ex- change and the rhythm of world trade. Nowadays we have to defend ideals: rather than frontiers, and to raise in- telligence instead of armies if we wish ® to ‘be saved from general ruin. But the Disarmament Conference is vastly and desperately important be- - cause if it fails utterly, or in its major: purpose, intelligence and world co- - operation will have no chance of get- ting to work in other ways. Mean- while there is an enemy in our midst - and in our own minds and hearts. It will sit behind every delegate at the conference. It will shout through every loud speaker. It will sprawl across the columns of every news- paper in every language. The name of the enemy is National Egotism. Let us take the beam out of our own eye before discerning the mote in the other & fellow’s argument. ' Let us not be too mightily fearful of our own security, but take a chance for the sake of world peace. Otherwise there can be no Train Passenger : Gets Back His $500 STOCKHOLM, Sweden. — Swedish honesty and efficiency will be testified to upon request by an absent-minced American who recently arrived in Stocx- - holm from parts unknown. The man in question was so eager to leave the train « after a long journey that .he forgot to : pocket his wallet and passport, which he had placed in the hammock above his berth “for safety's sake.” An hour after leaving the train he suddenly recalled that all of his docu- ments and $500 were missing. He jumped into a cab, frantically dashed through the station and discovered that * his train already had left the station. - A polite official suggested that he go to the “missing objects” department, . He did so, and upon paying 25 cents “costs” was again in possession of the things he had lost. The whole proced- ure, once he remembered his loss, took 10 minutes. . William Tuke, an English philan- thropist, born 200 years ago this year, founded the “Retreat,” under the man=- * agement of the Quakers and discovered what are called the best modern meth- ods of dealing with the insane.