Evening Star Newspaper, January 31, 1932, Page 26

e?" THE SUNT)AY STAR, WASHINGTON. | T\NUARY 31, 1932—PART TWO. THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. SUNDAY.......January 31, 1932 THEODORE W. NOYES... .Edifor The Evening Star Newspaper Company Business Office and Pennsylvania A Office: 110 East 42nd St Lake_Michigan Building. nt St London, Rate by Carrier Within the City. ng Star 45c per month and_Sunday Stars 60c per month ¥y Star 65¢ per mon*h 5S¢ per Copy ¢ the end ‘of each month in by mail or telephone Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. ally and S £10 00 1 mo.. 85¢ Paliy o $6.00: 1 mo. 50 Bu §400: 1 mo.. 40¢ day.....19r 1yr All Other States and Canada. 1yr.$12.00: 1 mo., $1.00 1yr. $8.00; 1mo. 1¥r.. $5.00 and Sunday. day y 1mo. Member of the Associated Press. s of pub n e also reserv Orders to the Fleet. issued yesterday to the of the American Navy to to protect American lives Admiral Pratt, chief of ted that “our fleet will evacuate our nationals or em if a crisis arises where forces will ver steps are neces- pe in and sary to protect ou of any such policy of protection. at is what the American Navy s for, emergency. It is the defensive hts, American property n lives But beyond such measures of protec- tion and rescue from danger the Navy should not go, whatever the scope of the conflict in Asia. The quarrel between Japan and China does not involve the ed States. This cou is not a of the League of Nations. It ne a guarantor of the terri- of China, though with ons it is sponsor for it serva- any oth its terri- be! al torial integri eight other na It holds no ma tion ndate for the of t ere or in quarter of world where torial rights are not ved However the sense of justice of the United States may be shocked by Japan's aggressive policy against China, however greatly it may be aggrieved in its sense of fair play and international righteou it ca without a from wisely es- ervene by force which its peace e its hed principles. a situati terests are side deplc the United v for aid or support. There warra for appeal. The fact t Governm is party to a series of treaties in renunciation of war, to whi both of the nations now approac tate of war are likewise subscribets, d not upon it the obligation in any degree to 58 ice and impl les are held in by the people of the respect to foreign re- and indirect One of egrity of nations. But le is violated, if in its violat e vita interests of United States or the persons of its na- tionals are not affected, it is not re- red to intervene; indeed it should not ) such that g & s impose cede. the direct the ir on implies war, if it tely and directly in- ted States in war. For g0 to war with the seizure of na release if seizure were would be a monstrous injustice the American people, & ice of American lives and Ameri- can treasure for which there would be no justification Japan t or already to co 1 effected. T silver- hard times cloud has one touch the suavity and courtesy of vers. of taxicab d et — The Sinking of the M-2. ain that all of the i ] tish submarine M-2 have perished and that another major disaster of the sea has been re- corded M-2 disappeared four days ago while engaged in routine div- El he English Channel. When she failed to to the surface a searching party was promptly organized and frantic efforts were made to locate her. For a time it was believed that she had been found, and divers were hugrie roned, but their report was discou It was merely an old wreck on the ocean bottom that the grapy s had struck. The British admiralty has now advised the rela- ‘tives of the men on board that they have undoubtedly been lost. Just what happened to cause this tragedy may never be known. While {{the M-2 was not of the latest type, she was considered thoroughly seaworthy and an efficiently performing craft. Officers and men Were equipped With {g¢he most modern life-saving devices which, under normal conditions, would enable them to escape if the boat could nat be brought to the surface. These deyices were of the type which have reached a high point of development in American submarine service. As a matter of fact, it was soon after the sinking of the United States submarines §-51 and S-4 that all nations began a de‘ermined campaign to provide some manner of escape from stricken craft. In view of the fact that those on the M-2 had %he means at hand to leave the boat if it was merely a mat- ter of her refusing to rise it would seem evident that she was ripped apart by collision with submerged wreckage and that the accident was s0 sudden that no time was allowed for escape. Even if this were the case, it is difficult to understand why at least a few men did not get out. In the crash between the S-51 and the steam- ship City of Rome, which sent the submarine to the bottom like a plum- met, three men succeeded in getting out 1 of the wrecked craft and were the only # gurvivors of a crew of thirty-seven. In { the other major American tragedy, that tests i come ging ¢las a 80 able dis- | the | [ there were no survivors, although the sunken submarine was promptly lo- cated, life was found aboard and frantic efforts were made to raise her before the suffocating gas and lack of air ended all. The sympathy of America goes out on the M-2. The people of the United States have had their own experiences with this type of disaster and appreci- ates what they are suffering. Right Shoulder, Arms'! neer Department of the municipal government was drawn up by Maj Donald A. Davison, the acting Engi- | neer Commissioner, and is understood to have received the approval of the Chief of Engineers of the Army as well as of the District Commissioners Rep- | resentative Simmons of Nebraska, Rep- | resentative Cannon of Missourl and the director the Bureau of the Budget. It may be accepted, therefore sound plan, capable of incre ing efficiency of administration at the District Building, thas.the discharge of two low of laried municipal architect and the failure to fill vacant subordina‘e positions in order to create funds for the hire of new executives were considered from the angles of both justice and neces- sity. The advantage of having perma- | nent officials in charge of work that |should be planned far in advance, to |be gained through this reorganization, is obvious. Heretofore the District has | suffered through the constant change of Army officers, who, just as they { became familiar with work in progress away on new assignments. The reorganization, however, and the { manner in which it was made effective, | serve to emphasize the unique position of the municipal gcvernment as & Federal agency, pure and simple, to which Congress has delegated some of its administrative powers. That this form of government can be efficient is not open to question; that it can elimi- nate much waste and needless expense | for which other municipalitics pay in their taxes is granted | But from its very nature, and from | such processes as that manifested in the reorganization, it should be ap- parent that here we have a municipal government responsive to the will of Congress and not to th will of the | taxpayers; representative of the Con- gress, which supervises its W thorizes its expenditures, expresses pleasure and its displeasure ov | manner in which it carries out | work—but not representative of | community that is governed. As reau chiefs, the municipal officials anxious for all the money they { spend—a characteristic common to bu- | reau chiefs in general. And the man- I ner of their selection serves more and | more to place them in the category of | burcau chiefs whose chief interest is to obtain from Congress the funds | that will enable them to do things | regardless of the source of such f A few years ago Capt. H. C. White- | hurst, then assigned to the District as |an Assistant Engineer Commissioner | resigned from the Army to take a c vilian position, at a much higher sal- ar; the municipal government—a po: he has filled with skill and its the the the bu- are can in ition | ability | other Assistant Engineer Commissione: | an efficient and respect~d Army officer, lis to resign to take another | position created by the reorganization, | and at a much higher salary than his | Army pay. The District is hiring M | Harold W. Baker, director of the Roch- N. Y. Department of Public ks, who will come here to super- vise construction of local public works, including the Municipal Center, and who will assume the important job c,{l‘ been land buying. Mr. Baker has highly recommended for the job by | Maj. carey H. Brown, U. S. A, re- | signed, now holding a civilian position | in Rochester. Of the four men to be assigned to the new positions under the new set-up, Sanitary Engineer Gordon alone was selected from the Washing- tonians at the District Building. Over these four new positions there will be the four Army officers assigned | to the Municipal Building as Engineer Commissioners. ‘The most recent of those so assigned is a young lieutenant, now serving on the West Coast. When he comes here he will be assigned cither to the Zoning Commission or the | Co-ordinating Committee of the Na- mission, or placed over the man in charge of buying land. Two other va- cancies among the Army officers soon must be filled. The appointees Wwill probably not be selected according to rank or standing on the Army lists, 2s | precedent has been well established { now for departure from that custom. The Army officers selected will un- doubtedly represent somebody's personal preference. These, with the retired Army general now a member of the Board of Com- missioners, the retired Army general now chairman of the Public Utilities Commission, the retired Army general | the two resigned Army Officers now to supervise other municipal agencies, working in close co-operation with the Army officer in charge of water supply and the Army officer in charge of parks and park purchases, will, in addi- tion to providing a suitable martial at- work efficiently. There is much to be said in favor of autocracy as a form of government Its chief disadvantage, in the District resulting from its confusion, in the minds of strangers and new membcrs of Congress, With a democratic form of government. There are, of course, a number of differences. s TS No headline writer, so far as known, 'has yet seemed able to combine the words “attack” “abject,’ “apology,” | one alliterative masterpiece. ———— Car Parking in the Triangle. | The secretary of Commerce | asked that two entire squares in the Mall-Avenue triangle now being cleared for future development as a grand plaza within the group of structures that will rise between Twelfth and Fifteenth streets and Pennsylvania and Constitution avenues be set aside for Ito the relatives of those who were lost | The plan for reorganizing the Engi-| It is to be assumed employes, the reduction in salary of the and plans for the future, were ordered | au- | Now Capt. Hugh P. Oram, an- | civilian | tional Capital Park and Planning Com- | now the superintendent of police and ! ’mosphl‘re in the District, ('o-ordim\lcl of Columbia, is the misunderstandings | | “Abyssinia” and “Addis-Ababa” all mm‘ has | |cars. It is expected that this requeuc[ will be granted only in part and that | rmere# a portion of this space will be thus allocated to the Commerce De- | partment workers. They will, in that | case, pay a fixed rental for the space | they occupy. This, if effected, will be merely a | | temporary expedient, In ‘the course! of a very few years, depending upon | |the length of time required for the | strengthening of the Federal Treasury to the point of permitting the de-, velopment of this plaza, the ground | must be taken away from the con-| cessionaires and turmed into a park. | Where then will the motor cars of the | Commerce Department employes be | placed during working heurs? 1 The question has been pending for some time. It was brought up when | the great Government building proj- | ect was adopted. It was not then settled. Again it brought forward when the Commerce Building was approach- | ing completion. and once more de- | cision was postponeg. The matter was | studied by an organization which specializes in such puzzles, and recom- mendations were made, but not adopt- ed. It was more convenient, apparently, to procrastinate than to decide. In the course of perhaps two years three units will have been added to the | building group in this section of the ngle, the Post Officc, the Depart- ment of Labor and the Interstate Com- merce Commission. These will house | more people -nan even the great Com- merce Building. The car-parking prob- lem will be magnified beyond ready computation. When .he cenlral plaza is done over-into a park the cars can not be put there. Where wiil they go? Into the streets? They are clready c.ngested even beyond the safety point. Into the park to the :outh? There is a decided objection to this use ot the public reser- vation, Private enterprise has not appeared to be willing to provide parking accomm.o- datlons for the cars of the Government workers at the rates which could be borne by the car owners. The main- tenance of the permissiva rule regarding street parking works against such pro- vision. If that rule is rescinded garages may be built, perhaps within the in- terior of squaras in the down-town area, There must he accommodation for at least 20,020 cars daily, if the streets and the parks are not to e used. Perhaps many more. Is 1t not time to start gamc!mng in this direction by Govern- ment operation or y private invest- | ment? was —= e e In an experiment conducted at the University of North Carolina cotton wes | sowed like grass, mowed like hay and converted into cellulose. Now it only remains for some bright mind to dis- {cover a method for converting this | product into synthetic cotton. B e It used to be thought that the recipe | for continued connubial happiness lay {mainly in faith, understanding and | mutual consideration. These days it | would appear to be contained largely in | certain brands of washing powders and | soap flakes. s e “Fool-Proof Auto is Engineers,” ran a recent headline | problem will be solved entirely o {and when the first part of the I ated word_is obsolete. , Nor will this happen in any year begifining with “19.” Problem for The y if is — .- L A movie actress earned her way from Kansas City to New York and on to the | stage by painting grecting cards. She should be eligible for some high office Iin the*National Society of Greeters. SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Sad Words, A man stalked forth in “The saddest words,” “‘Are not ‘It might have been He slowly shook his head. “The lesson that they seem to teach Is like a merry tune Compared to that remorseful speech, The words, ‘I talked too soon!" olemn show, he said, -ah, no;" | The man who finds the marriage yoke | | A misfit for the pair— He wishes he had never spoke With such deficient care; He shows to us the sorry case Of any man whose mind Lets Vocal Effort set the pace While Thought trails in behind. | | “The man who has to contradict Some speech he made last year; | The man who finds he has been tricked | Into a contract queer— | They join the rhythm of regret | That marks the generai tune; | That line to minor music set; ‘Alas! T talked too soon!'” | | Limited. | “Are you ready to make personal sac- rifices in order to serve your country?” | “Yes” replied Senator Sorghum “But they've got me limited. I'd put| three or four times &s much money into | my campaign if they'd let me.” | Jud Tunkins says he hopes communi- | cation with spirits will be perfected so | that great men can come back and give | their own opinions of what historians say. Demonstration. Unskilled zeal is often first In evidence and longest. The player who performs the worst Wants the loud pedal strongest. Foresight. «I suppose you attribute your great | ! success in life to your own foresight,” | said the magazine biographer. es,” answered Mr. Dustin Stax. “In what way did it manifest itself>” “In picking out smart lawyers to look |ater my affairs.” \ Tmpenitence. s kinder awful when I think f hours I've fooled away gerin’ on the river's brink Tp watch the ripples play; A-wiatchin’ silvery clouds that float Adyost the crystal skies, Thk dancin’ butterflies! I might have been a-savin’ coin ilin’ bricks on stone, An’ findin’ easy folks to join Theit money with my own; An’ yet, whene'er I think of it, My Heart grows warm an’ gay. I somghow don't begrudge a bit The hours I've fooled away! “A trub friend,” said Uncle Eben, “Is! {if he lance” makes it a cardinal virtue. | Prank | didate f SOBER THI BY THE RIGHT REV. JAMES E. FREEMAN, D. D., LL. D, Bishop of Washington. NKING Text: “I say—to every man that is among you, not to think of himself more highly than he ought to think, but to think more soberly.— Romans, xii.3. Sober thinking is the apostle’s appeal. | Over against it and as a hindrance to | He does ap- | sets self-conceit. peal against that reasonable kind of self-respect or seif-assurance that is| indispensable to efficient Jiving. Emer- | son in his famous,essay on “Self-Reli- It is not against this that the apostle in- veighs. As a matter of fact, there is a Kind of self-respect that borders closely on self-conceit that constitutes a real asset_in the prosecution of any task. On the other hand, there is a repre- | and offensive kind of self-| hensible conceit that defeats the ends we seek to serve, Possibly we of America have largely illustrated this in our more re- cent years. of conceit in our institutions and en- terprises that has rendered us immune to caution and reasonable conserva- tism. We have builded our great en- terprises upon the assurance that, in- dependent of what the rest of the world might experience in the way of misfortune _and disaster, America was immune, With humility we admit we have thought more highly of ourselves than we ought to think, and for it we have paid in costly sacrifice. It is inevitably true that a too great self- dependence leads inevitably away from God-dependence. In our conceit we reach a condition where we ‘depend wholly upon our own genius for what we are and what we have. As a mat- ter of fact, the whole drift of modern living the whole world 'round has been in this direction. We have suffered from a condition bordering closely on intoxication; instead of being rational we have become irrational; instead of logical, illogical; and for these indis- cretions we are being penalized. It reminds us of the statement of a great English admiral made in the height of the World War. Speaking to his fel- low countrymen, he said: “Not until England goes to her knees with a prayer We have disclosed a kind | to God upon’ her lips shall we see the | beginning of the end of this war.” With the shattering of self-conceit and | self-dependence and our rude awaken- ing to our lack of self-sufficiency, we are being compelled to give ourselves o sober thinking, sober thinking that musp lead us back again to ways of sobriety decency and a fresh respect for thosé virtues that have stood us in stead in other crises, In all out planning today in all our efforts to recover our lost poise we are compelled to reckon with the essential plice that our religious convictions occupy, In the text quoted the writer speaks of sober thinking being conditioned by the measure of faith we hold. Whether we are seeking | to improve the conditions of our homes, the conditions of society or those of in- dustry, in our thinking we are com- pelled 'to reckon with that which con- tributes to the stabilizing of character. We cannot legislate ourselves into more efficient living, nor carl we insure our- | selves against misfortune through the acquisition of things material. We have depended largely upon capitaliza- tion to guarantee us against mishap. We have thought that the vast extent of our enterprises was the one supreme thing to render us secure. It Was a case of undue conceit and self-dependence, now we are compelled to consider other values. If the people of this Nation are to bring about the restoration of order and to dissipate the clouds that obscure the sun of their prosperity, they will have to do some very serious and sober thinking. If we could once re- | solve to reaffirm our faith and to bring it to bear upon every relation and con- dition of life, once determine to set our house in order and to do this with seri- ous intention, we should hasten the day of our return to those conditions of life that for the while we have lost. Not until we do these things will we be Tid of the fear complex that has brought us to our present estate. “Be not wise in your own conceits,” might well be the admonition repeated in every place of legislation, every board room, every in- | dustry and every home. The call to | sober thinking must be heeded, or to use | the language of Carlyle, “We shall con- tinue distressed and distracted ever more and more.” Roosevelt Against the Field Is Now Democracy’s Pre-Convention Situation BY GEORGE VAN SLYKE. NEW YORK, January 30.—Gov. in D. Roosevelt of New York has held his lead through his first week in the open as an avowed can- the Democratic nomination for President, even though he has come into direct conflict with the de- termined opposition of the allied forces in the bent on halting his boom as quickly as_possible Since i North Dt Democrats last week that he would enter their primaries, Vermont and Wisconsin have declared for him and Washington has indicated its prefer- ence. Both Vermont were credited with leaning strongly to Alfred E. Smith and their indorse- ment without Teservation has had an impressive effect on other States. Fully a dozen Roosevelt States have made known they are preparing to take & stand for the New Yorker within the next few weeks Seemingly well orming the satisfied _with the drift way. Gov. Roosevelt gives no hint altering his plan of action, although being urged to go forth on a -wide pre-convention battle If the policy now pre- vailing 1s followed, the country is to witness & new brand of presidential mpaigning ugh X % Ak The old ballyhoo methods are out of date, it seems. The Roosevelt man- agers are content to wait for States to come to him. instead of following the old system of engaging upon a na- tional scramble for delegates. The plan has its advantages. The candi- date avoids the risk of entangling local alllances and factional disturbances. He takes a position of extreme con- fidence, which spires and he gets over the trouble of having to declare his stand on pressing na- tional issues, s Nations and prohibition Mr. Roose- velt has not yet declared himself on any issue and yet his boom goes mer- rily on its way Until the opposition shows signs of making more headway than it has to date the Roosevelt managers propose goirig along as they have been. Their system appears to be baffling to the opposition, which is asking whether he is a more skillful politiclan than has been recognized The Governor's strength 1s now put down at about 500 delegates, maybe & little more or less now holds more than one-third of the voting power of the National Conven- tion and therefore has the veto. His opponents have yet to get that veto if they are to block Roosevelt. ational organization which are, and Wisconsin | his following, | 7 as the League of |the example set by the motor car manu- At any rate, he| In other | words, he is in a position already to| block the nomination of any candidate who stands up against him and those opposing him have a fight abead to get their ohe-third. ¥ Mr. Roosevelt has reached this en- viable position, his managers point out, without going after a delegate, entering a State or making a promise. The movement for his nomination has come from the State organizations, acting on their own and not as a result of propa- ganda and solicitation, If his method has been good enough to carry him half way without a struggle, his friends insist | it should have a further try-out. e There is no present intention of or- ganizing a national Roose 1t-for-Pres- ident Committee, as many have de- manded since the Governor stepped out @ week ago as a candidate. High-pow- ered salesmen are not to be sent on the road. At the most, the intention is not to go into more than three or four State contests. His candidacy and his future are to be entrusted to the State organizations. Pleased with the con- fidence shown in them and delighted not to have a super-authority set up over them, the State leaders who favor Roosevelt are straining every nerve to make good, apparently with success. It is a new system, but it may work. Even Woodrow Wilson and Champ Clark, John W. Davis and Al Smith had to be “sold” to the country by elaborate and expensive committees and swarms of “workers.” As the Roosevelt plan of campaign has unfolded, the strategy of the oppo- sition to his nomination has been re- vealed in several moves this week. The party is to be split into as many units and favorite-son delegations as possible in the effort to stop the Governor. Mr. Roosevelt is going forth on a new ad- venture; his political enemies are re- viving the old-time tactics which dis- rupted the Democratic conventions in 1912, 1920 and 1924. * X K % Newton D. Baker hastily took the leap necessary to keep him in the race this week when he renounced the League of Nations as a controversial issue for the campaign; offered himself as a_rally- ing point for wavering S*ate leaders who like him but hate the League, and took his stand with the allied forces. His re-entry as an available candidate is distinctly an anti-Roosevelt move- ment. He is now counted as the run- ner-up in the race; the possible favorite | | if Roosevelt can be blocked and a com- promise or dark horse candidate chosen. To reach that position Mr. Baker had to get rid of the League, which he has | championed for years as successor to Woodrow Wilson and which lies close to his heart. But he did it. He is back in the race. Gov. Ritchie of Maryland, the other candidate already in the field, has be- gun to speed up this weel through his big committee and his oujective is said of the collision between the S-4 and the exclusive use of employes of that a man dat can't fohgit & favor nor ré- to be 100 delegates. He has his own $he Couf Guard destroyer Paulgng, department for the parking of thelr member & fault.” & Btate, a promise of a handful of dele- gates from Penpsylvania, a few from Delaware and is going after others in the bordering States. His is a distinctly anti-Roosevelt candidacy. Speaker Garner of Texas appears to be taking his candidacy seriously and his gain is decidedly Roosevelt’s loss Friends of Melvin A. Traylo:, {.e Chi- cago banker, are credited with moving or. his behalf. They purpose showing the country that he is presidential size and available as a candidate. That is anti-Roosevelt. * * % The Al Smith puzzle remains un- solved. Still he hesitates, and his silence is a cloud over the Roosevelt boom. The day is close at hand when Mr Smith must tell the Democrats of New Hampshire and Massachusetts whether he will accede to their request and enter their primary. The Smith men are making a careful canvass in both States. 1f convinced Mr. Smith can win, he doubtless will enter. If the result looks dublous, he will not If he consents tacitly by neither ob- jecting nor consenting, he will be ac- cepted as a candidate. The fact that he hesitates and seems reluctant to go in is viewed by the Roosevelt men as evidence that he does not dare risk defeat, for if Mr. Smith were beaten, even in a small State pri- mary contest with Mr. Roosevelt, his | leadership of the wet Eastern wing would almost collapse. (Copyrignt. 1932) r——— Electrical Industry Now Going After New Business BY HARDEN COLFAX. Now it is the electric equipment in- dustry that has made up its mind to get after trade with a vim, following | facturers. Increasing activity in the electrical appliance group is noted by | the Department of Commerce at the various manufacturing and distributing centers. | These industries have not been so fear-ridden as some others. In fact, they boast that at the close of 1931 the electric refrigerator industry, almost alone among major manufacturing in- dustries of the country, could show a stronger financial condition than it had ever had before. They have been pegging away without let-up since the depression began, but they have now launched a sales campaign, largely through advertising, that promises to have decisive results for themselves and kindred industries. * * 0k At the beginning of last year the goal set was to sell a million electric refrigerators during 1931, involving a total of $250,000,000. This was accom- plished. The makers of refrigerators are now In the second year of a three- year campaign. Heartened by the success of the cold- air people, who sell refrigerators, the hot-air folks, who make electric ranges, are also after a million sales for their goods over a three-year period. They are not quite so ambitious as the re- frigerator venders, perhaps, but just as determined. They have just voted to spend $18,000,000 in advertising. This will mean not only disposing of a mil- lion electric ranges. It will probably involve the sale of at least 0,000,000 worth of allied materials. Aside from advertising, this range campaign in- volves the expenditure of many millions more for sales promotion and organi- zation and, it is estimated, will produge a total of at least half a billion dollars’ worth of business for electrical contrac- tors, dealers, central stations and manu- facturers. Observers of the effect of their effort report that it has already Eeen stimulating to many side indus- ries. K o When it is remembered that there are now more than 3,500,000 electrical refrigerators in use in American homes and that these homes and apartments also enjoy the comforts of more than )l].g:&?gll"l;lnues nndr me 300,000 water , the scope of cam y e e e leaders of the electrical equip- ment trade are enthusiastic over. the prospect of introducing new inventions, conveniences and novelties and, through advertising now under way, they show an increasing number of these. They are planning new campaigns for future years, each one concerned with some particular electrical appliance or serv- ice. It seems probable that the year 1933 will usher in a concerted drive b ythe makers of electric water healerg: and who knows what other form of electrical convenience? They are even getting after the farmers to buy appa- ratus for electrical heating of hotbeds. *x oK ok x These activities are the result ver: largely of the joint efforts o‘r m}; largest busy makers of electrical ap- pliances and the utility companies throughout the country—the National Electric Manufacturers’ Association working in close co-operation with the National Electric Light Associatiol The makers of appliances, however, are not the only ones who are busy in the electrical fleld. Television, we are told, is hiding just around the corner, while “air conditioning” and the artificlal heating or cooling of homes by electricity are actually being developed for commercial exploitation. The trade is pushing the sun lamp, which is increasingly effective in tan- | the archives of the rare books division ! thee to accept of my humble and hearty ning our skins. The more advanced promoters of electrical ’m‘ are pre- dicting w}rufi future for the photo- electric _(Copyright, 19%) i | I 1 Sidelights Capital BY WILL P, KENNEDY. The favorite prayers by George Wash- | ington, copled in his own handwriting | and entitled by him “The Daily Sacri- fice,” are preserved in facsimile form in of the Library of Congress, Washing- ton, D. C. This prayer book, written by Wash- ington, was first published by Stan V. Henkels, Philadelphia, in 1891. The copy Which is now treasured in the Li- | brary of Congress is that of W. Herbert Burk, and was published for the benefit of the Washington Memorial Ci.pel of | Valley Forge {n 1907. “Washington Prayers” as they are officially called, were found in a manu- script form, hand written, among the Washington relics, purchased in 1891 by Rev. C. F, Hoffman at a sale by Thomas Birch’s Sons of Philadelphia. These prayers cover the days of the week, from Sunday until Thursday, stopping abruptly with the Thursday | morning offering. It is probable that | only & portion of the original manu- script was found. These at once simple and majestic petitions reveal the sublime confidence of Washington's heart in the guidance of God. The Sunday offering, morning and evening, follows in its entirety. Ex- cerpts from the other days are also quoted: SUNDAY MORNING. Almighty God and most merciful father, who didst command the chil- dren of Israel to offer a daily sacrifice to Thee, that thereby they might glorify and praise Thee for Thy protec- tlon both night and day; recelve O Lord, my morning_sacrifice, which I| now offer up to Thee; I yield Thee; humble and hearty thanks, that Thou | hast preserved me from the dangers of the night past and brought me to the light of this day and the comforts thereof, a day which is consecrated to Thine own service and for Thine honour Let my heart therefore, gracious God, be 50 affected by the glory and majesty of it, that I may not do mine own works, but wait on Thee and discharge those weighty duties Thou requireth of me; and since Thou art a God of pure eyes, and will be sanctified by all who draw near unto Thee, who dost not regard the sacrifice of fools, nor hear sinners who tread in Thy courts, pardon I beseech Thee, my sins, remove them from Thy presence, as far as the East is from the West, and accept of me, for the merits of Thy Son Jesus Christ that when I come to Thy temple and compass Thy altar my prayer may come before Thee as incense and as I de- sire Thou wouldst hear me calling upon Thee in my prayers, so give me grace to hear Thee calling on me in Thy word that it may be wisdom, righteous- ness, reconciliation and peace to the saving_of my soul in the day of the Lord Jesus Christ. Grant that I may hear it with reverence, receive it with meekness, mingle it with faith and thar | it may accomplish in me, gracious God, | the good work for which Thou hast sent it. Bless my family, kindred friends and country, be our God and guide, this day and\forever, for His sake, who lay down in the grave and arose again for us, Jesus Christ Our Lord. Amen. SUNDAY EVENING. O most Glorious God in Jesus Christ my merciful and loving father, I ac- knowledge and confide my guilt in the weak and imperfect performance of | the dutles of this day. I have called on Thee for pardon and forgiveness of sins, but so coldly and carelessly | that my prayers are become my sin and stand in need of pardon. I have | heard Thy holy word, but with such deadness of spirit that I have been an unprofitable and forgetful hearer so that O Lord tho' I have done Thy work vet it hath been so negligent | that I may rather expect a curse than | a blessing from Thee. But, O God | who art rich in mercy and plenteous | in redemption, mark not I beseech | ‘r;w what I have done amiss, remem- ber that I am but dust. and remit! my transgressions, negligences, ig- | norances, and cover them ,all with the absolute cbedience of Thy dear son that those sacrifices which I have of- | fered may be accepted by Thee, in and | for the sacrifice Jesus . .rist offered upon the cross for me; for his sake | ease me of the burden of my sins and | give me grace that by Thy calls of the Gospel I may rise from the slumber of sin with newness of life. Let me Tive according to those holy rules which Thou hast this day prescribed in Thy holy words. Make me know what is | acceptable in Thy sight and therein to delight. Open the eyes of my un- derstanding, and help me thoroughly to examine myself concerning my knowledge, faith and repentance. In crease my faith and direct me to the true object. Jesus Christ, the w. the truth and the life. Bless O Lord all the people of this land, from the high- est to the lowest, particularly those whom Thou hast appointed to rule over us in church and state. Con- tinue Thy goodness to me this night. These weak petitions I humbly im- plore Thee to hear, accept and. answer for the sake of Thy Dear Son Jesus Christ Our Lord. Amen. MONDAY MORNING. O Eternal and everlasting God. T pre- sume to present myself this morning before thy divine majesty beseeching | thanks, that it hath pleased thy great | goodness to keep and preserve me the | night past from all the dangers poor mortals are subject to, and hast given me sweet and pleasant sleep, whereby I find my body refreshed and com- forted for performng the duties of this day, in which I beseech thee to defend me from all perils of body and soul Direct my thoughts, words and works and wash away my sins in the im- maculate blood of the Lamb and purge my heart by the holy Spirit from the dross of my natural corruption, that I| may with more freedom of mind and liberty of will serve thee, the everliving God, in righteousness and holiness this day and all the days of my life. Teach me how to live in thy fear, labour in thy service and ever to run in the way of thy commandments. . . . Discharge my soul from all things that are displeasing to thee, of all ill- will and discontent, wrath and bitter- ness, pride and vain-conceit of myself, and render me charitable, pure, holy, patient and heavenly minded. Be with me at the hour of death, dispose me for it, and deliver me from the slavish fear of it, and make me willing and fit to die whenever thou shalt call me bence. . . . Bless, O Lord, the whole race of mankind and let the world be filled with the knowledge of thee and thy son, Jesus Christ. Pity the sick, the poor, the weak, the needy, the widows and the fatherless and all that mourn or are broken in heart and be merciful to them according to their several necessities. Bless my friends and give me grace to forgive my enemies as heartily as I desire forgiveness of thee, my heavenly Father—Our Father. Bless all in authority over us, be merciful to all those afflicted with any cross or calamity. Bless all my friends, forgive my enemies and accept my thanksgiving this evening for all Thy mercies and favors granted me. Hear and graclously answer these my requests and whatever else Thou seest needful for the sake of Jesus Christ in whose blessed name and words I continue to pray, Our Father. Pardon my sins for the sake of Thy dear son, my only Savior, Jesus Christ, who came not to call the righteous, but sinners to repentance. Be pleased to renew my nature and write Thy laws upon my heart Help me to live | righteously, soberly and godly in this, world, make me meek, humble, patient and contented and work in me the grace of Thy holy spirit. Keep me in perfect peace which I ask in the name and fcr the sake of Jesus Christ. Let Thy favor be extended to all my relations, friends and all others who I ought to remember in my prayers and hear me I beseech Thee for the sske of my dear Redeemer, in whose most holy words I pray—Our Father. ‘What coul Thou have done Lord more for me and what ~ould I have done more against Thee?—Our Father. | up THE NEW BOTANIC GARDEN BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. A happy-ending chapter has begun to be written for the long history of the United States Botanic Garden at Washington, a feature of the Capital | City's magnificence which for a cen- tury has been neglected. The Botanic Garden, although originally intended to rank importantly, has been the step- child of Congress, vielding to any number of other improvements in the matter of expensive improvemept and care. At long last this Garden is about to be moved and, on a new nearby site, is expected to be raised to the dignit its patience may be considered to hav merited. This late development comes as a part of the great program of public buildings improvement now going forward at Washington. The Garden has occupied the first open section of public land to the west of the Capitol Grounds proper. Inas- much as this land is to be included i the scope of the whole Triangle de- velopment, flowing into the Mall, the Botanic Garden itself is being trans- ferred to a site covering a city square and a triangular part of another square between First and_Second streets and running from Maryland avenue to Canal street. Memorial, which has stood at one side of the Botanic Garden, and the Meade Memorial, which has stood in the cen- ter of it, will remain as features of the Mall development. but the green- houses and gardens themselves will be moved. A new $1,000,000 structure, midway in design between a temple and & greenhouse, has been provided in t plans for the new Garden, mak up, in part, for the long parsimo: which has characterized the attenti given it in the pas It was expected that the Capital City would develop first in an east direction from the Capitol, tk feature of the new city. The east front was given the closest attention in the matter of design. It could not be fore- seen that the years would see the de- velopment precisely reversed and what might be regarded as the back door of the Capitol looking out over miles of development. However, Maj. I'Enfant had laid out comprehensive plans for the western side. Meager Start Made. The Garden was located at the foot of “the slope gliding down from the Capitol eminence. Although as ea as 1792 orders were given to be clearing away the alder swamps whi occupied the point adjacent to th of the Garden, at which Pennsylvari avenue was designed to begin its I toric course from Capitol to Wh first step being taken a warning to David Bu farmer who owned much the city of Washington, t crops on the Avenue an his own risk, as somet done almost any time to oughfare Still nothing was done. able that Thomas Jef first influential person who took an in- t was only . the Scots f e site of at he planted > Mall at might be a thor- 1 it is prob- Fifty Years Ago In The Star An extra edition of The Star of Jan- uary 25, 1882, announced that the jury in the Guiteau case had “Guilty as returned a verd ; » “guilty as Indicted.” 55" a1 Monday, November 14. and lasted t days more than ten weeks. A edition of The Star of that date describes the final scene: “At 5:35 the prisoner was br back to the courtroom and it v pered that the jury had agreed. Am later Judge Cox appeared court was called to simultaneously the jury filed in and the roll of jurors was called by the clerk. When this ceremony was ove the clerk asked the usual question Gentlemen of the jury, have you agreed n a verdict?’ ‘We have’, saia Foreman Hamlin “‘Guilty as indicted? asked the clerk. “‘Guilty as indicted’ ‘If the court please- said Mr. Scoville, but he was interrupted by the clerk. who proceeded, saying “‘Gentlemen of the jury, hear the verdict as rendered. Your foreman says that you find the defendant, Charles J. Guiteau, guilty as indicted. So say you all?’ “'So say we all,’ replied the jury- men in chorus. “‘If the court please’ said Mr ville. ‘I desire to have the jury pol The clerk then polled the jury, usual form. The prisoner then sh ed from the dock, ‘My blood will be on the head of that jury. “Mr. Scoville, rising. said he de- sired to file a motion for a new trial Judge Cox said he had four days in which to file such a motion. “‘God will avenge this shouted the prisone: * % The following day, January 26, 1882, The Star thus editorially summarized : the Guiteau casi ¥he Verdict e has “The trial of Approved. She assassin Guiteau terminated, as common sense judgment of the people anticipated, in & verdict of ‘Guilty as indicted,” and it is safe to say that a verdict never met with more general approval. As a matter of course the end of the legal praceedings has not yet been reached, but the worst is probably over. The defense will un- doubtedly exhaust every means to save the assassin from the gallows, but it is not likely that their efforts will ac- complish more than that delay which will be necessary to a fair hearing of the points they raise. Nobody be- lieves that a new trial will be granted Indeed, there is substantially nothing to base the application for one upon The court went to the extreme of leniency with the prisoner, apparen! with the purpose of avoiding even a reasonable pretext for the setting aside of the trial. “The verdict of the jury has had the effect of satisfying doubting minds as to Guiteou's sanity, and the defense rested their case upon this one point. ‘The cold-blooded murder of the Presi- dent was admitted. That the act was premeditated and coolly planned was admitted, and the entire defense was based upon the alleged unsoundness of the assassin’s mind. The jury had no side issues or legal technicalities and constructions to embarrass them. Their minds had but to be fixed from the first upon this one single issue. The assassin was before them daily, giving them op- portunity to study his character, peculi- arities or eccentricities, if he possessed any, and above all his mental condi- tion in the light of the evidence and the record of his past life. The de- fense and the prisoner acknowledged on numerous occasions the intelligence, capacity and attention of the jury. “The judge's charge to the jury was clear, comprehensive and eminently fair to the prisoner. He declared that the jury must find the prisoner guilty of murder or acquit him, as an ‘irre- sponsibly insane man could not com- mit murder.’ As insanity is the ex- ception to the rule, every man is pre- sumed to be sane and responsible for his acts until the contrary was shown, and the burden of overthrowing this presumption devolved upon the defense “The case thus went to the jury, as it had been made by the defense, the Almost outrage,’ the | cleared of everything that could em: barrass or confuse, and the verdict was entirely in accordance with that already rendered by the American public. Aside from the feelings of con- sideration for the distinguished victim and of indignation at his cowardly murder, there was a feeling that a failure to convict would establish a most dangerous precedent for the in- sanity plea.” c The Grant |s terest in clearing up the brush that covered the land. In 1810 we find that some rows of Lombardy poplars had been planted, but the Avenue itself was too much of a morass to be traversed save on horseback, It was not until 1820 that Congress definitely provided the site for the Bo- tanic Garden. It was then under the jurisdiction of the Columbian Institute for the Promotion of Arts and Sciences. The site, at the foot of the Capitol | grounds slope, was reputed to have been intended for that very purpose by both Washington and I'Enfant Sixteen years passed without a hand being turned to improve the Garden site—only the land had been provided 1d it part of the Tiber Creek marsh. When, in 1836, Congress was prevalled upon to appropriate $5,000 to drain the site and erect a fountain, the prompt- ing idea probably was more to get rid of the stagnant and malarial mire than to set out on any elaborate program of beautffication Actually, the Garden got its real start less than a century ago and as the re- sult of an outside influence. In the years 1838 to 1842 Lieut. Charles Wilkes of the United States Navy, at congres- sional behest, had taken six naval ves- 1s upon an exploring expedition to the South Seas. The scientific staff in- cluded W. D. Breckinridge, a botanist, | who brought back with him what for those days was a comprehensive collec- tion of strange specimens, including seeds and cuttings. These were of no | use to the Navy Department, so they found their way to the United States Botanic Garden, up to then empty of anything save the wild rushes and alders indigenous to the fen. That was the real beg nning of the Garden Historic Trees to Be Moved. historic trees stand in the to be removed to the Crittenden oak marks spot where John J. Crittenden made an unavailing address in an ef- fort to avert the Civil War. The Beck- Washington elm is a scion of an elm arlier planted by Washington himself. |A plane tree which Thaddeus Stevens rought from the Vale of Cashmere, a sycamore planted by Senator Daniel Voorhees, whose nickname was the Tall Sycamore of the Wabash; a Chi- nese oak from the grave of Confucius, two cedars of Lebanon and several cthers all have historic associations. The Bartholdi fountain, the work of the same sculptor who designed the Statue of Liberty in New York Harbor, moved from the central site in Garden, where it long stood, to ce way for th to Gen. » of Gettysburg. The ful fountain has been in storage and is to be re-erected Several arden site. The r has been allowed though staff unity to expect. cared for by the sma not had opport scale one might It now is to have its chance and it is scarcely to be doubted will vie h those of foreign nations, not only floral and arboreal beauty, but in ntific value 'BrilishOpinion hocked | By Aggression on China charge, develop on th | BY A. G. GARDINER. LONDON, January 30,The startling development of events in Shanghai has shocked the public mind here and cre- d revulsion of feeling in o the intentions of Japan. herto the has been a disposition ters, while recognizing the of Japan's invasion of L view of her treaties, to imit \ds of provocation; but the dden and challenging attack on Shang- ai has been en to indicate a far re serious and sinister motive which reatens incalculable possibilities. the eve of the meeting of the deferred Disarmament Conference s confronted with a menace s that of July, 1914. At- to represent the action of Japan Shanghai as equivalent to the action e powers in Shanghsii in 1927 are derisory. The action then was common and entirely precautionary, while this undisguised act of war is as indefensible and provocative, in view of the Chinese acceptance of Japan's terms, as Austria’s ultimatum after Serbia’s acceptance of her terms. e Apart from the Rothmere and Bea- verbrook newspapers, which t ut have been protagonists of Japan, the English press is unanimous in its d-- tion of this latest outrage. whic apart from any moral question, imperils the foreign population of the International Setilement. The settle- ment contains a million Chinese who. if not held in check, are unlikely to dis- criminate between one race and an- other, Emphasis is laid on the fact that the British interests in Shanghai are far greater than those of the Japanese. and it is pointed out that if the boycott of Japanese goods is held to justify Japa- nese occupation of Shanghai. it must equally justify unlimited Japanese in- vasion of China. | * oKk x Dr. W. W. Yen's appeal on behalf of China to the League of Nations Council to invoke the powers of the covenant are not expected to have any effect, the nerveless action of/the League through- out the Manchurian crisis having de- stroyed confidence in that vehicle of action. Moreover, the removal of Aris- | tide Briand from the French foreign office adds to the difficulties of the League Council and to the disquiet in egard to the French attitude on the situation. That disquiet was increased y a significant stitement in the Lon- don Times from its Washington corre- spondent, who says: “The assumption prevails in responsible circles in Wash- ton that some form of understanding exists and has existed for years between the French and Japanese governments of a sort which may make the associa- | tion of France with the United States | and Britain in any move independent of | the League of Nations a source of con- a\win}] greater even than prevails to- su | i | This goes far to explain the paraly- ! sis of the League in the presence of the | unprecedented challenge and what the New Statesman calls the complaisance of the British foreign office in the Man- | churian affair. Can that complaisance i be extended, not merely to contemptu- | ous disregard of treaties and covenants, |but to a menace to the vast and mate- {rial British interests in China? { The Manchester Guardian hazards {the view that future developments de- pend upon how much further the Japa- nese think they can count on the re= narkable “patience” already shown by {the Western nations. Bath journals | strongly advocate co-operation with the | United States in a more vigorous policy |&s the only action likely to check fur- | ther aggression to a point which will {lead to inevitable catastrophe. ‘The London Times adopts a move cautious official note, but agrees that & common line of action on the part af America and Britain is extremely ime | portant, while discountenancing talk of an_economic boycott. In political circles the utmost anx- iety prevails, aggravated by the delay of Foreign Minister Sir John Simon's |Teply to the American overtures and ithe unfortunate fact that he at this most critical moment is confined to his {bed with influenza. The British mes- 1sage to Tokio and the action of the consular services to halt the fighting at Shanghai gives a momentary pause, | but does not relieve the gravity of the |hosltwn and the need of assertion of world authority in the presence of a crime as reckless as it is unexampled. If civilization permits this outrage upon its covenants and humanities, then it may be asked, Why send solemn repre- sentatives to a disarmament confer- ence to sign more idle covenants? (Copyright, 1032