Diario las Américas Newspaper, March 28, 1954, Page 11

v THE WEATHER Fair, continued warm in South. MIAMI, FLA. SUNDAY, MARCH 28, 1954. For a better understanding between the Americas THE AMERICAS DAILY For Liberty, Culture and Hemispheric Solidarity NUMBER 222 woe ay er ee CERRO BOLIVAR . MOVING A MOUNTAIN.—First aerial view of the actual mining operation atop Venezuela’s Cerro Bolivar, an iron mountain four miles long, 4,000 feet wide, and 1,800 feet high. The traversing roads feed from the top of the mountain to iron ore loading platform below. Here ore is dumped into the rail ore cars for shipment to Puerto Ordaz. A SIGNIFICANT ABSTENTION By AUGUSTO MARQUEZ CANIZARES (Reprinted from El Nacional, Caracas) The Tenth Inter-American Conference has at last reach- ed an almost unanimous agreement in regard to European possessions in the Western Hemisphere. Heated speeches were delivered, various amendments and motions were in- troduced, we were assured once again that we constitute sovereign nations, there were lukewarm charges made and vigorous positions taken and we were even treated to an already expected action on the part of the United States, which abstained from voting on the measure and thereby denied its support to settlement of a problem affecting all the Americas alike. As we said above, the position of the United States in regard to the colonial issue was already well known, and it shouldn’t have been expected that for sentimental reasons or theoretical considerations the American delegates would have tried to make a last minute justification of the stand taken by their government. The U. S. government is relying heavily at this time on the friendship of European powers which still have their imperialistic claws sunk into vast expanses of this hemisphere to our embarrasment and to that of enslaved peoples. Furthermore, a thorough reviewal of the matter might have foreed the United States to go once more into the case of Puerto Rico, which despite its half century of colonization by the United States hasn’t yielded one iota in its effort to achieve the independence lost by it as a result of the last defeat suffered by Spain in the Americas. Without going to the extreme of debating the legitimacy of American intervention in Puerto Rico and without taking into account the political maneuvers and arrangements where- by it has managed to perpetuate a system guaranteeing its ownership of the island as if Puerto Rico constituted an organic part of the federal union, (I wish to point out that) the United States could have acted otherwise in this emergency than by having taken refuge in abstaining completely. Scarcely had the clamor died down in conference halls - following debate on the American-sponsored anti-Communist resolution when it became evident that most of the Latin American nations —although some with basic reservations— had shown their willingness to support a declaration of prin- eciples for combatting Communism in defense of the nations of the Western world. Despite their scant interest in direct defense of the anti-Communist proposal, these nations lent support to it which was warm, swift and effective. Nevertheless, it seems that the State Department of , the U. S. was insufficiently touched by this expression of solidarity as to be willing to reciprocate it, for searcely had the ink dried on the paper and Mr. Dulles expressed his gra- tification at the success of his proposal when the United States was asked to lend its support to the anti-colonial meas- ure, yet it preferred to abstain as its only reply and by its action it violated the principle of unity which animates the teachings of Pan Americanism. We say this because we feel that a hemisphere-wide ‘policy which was originally conceived as the outcome of com- monly shared ideals for the purpose of strengthening spiritual ties among New World peoples and promoting economic eo- operation and technical advances among them can little af- ford to show cracks in its armor that are liable to jeopardize everything that has been achieved up to now on behalf of that policy. Although it is clear that by its abstention. the United States hoped to ingratiate itself with European colonial powers which cling to their strategic American possessions in order to further their need for bases to hold off Soviet encroachment, the United States should consider, and per- haps with greater care than it has up to now, that our sincere desire to help and assist is liable to flag eventually if the United States fails to show loyalty and deeisive action when the majority of Latin American nations find such a position needful. We feel that the break caused in the ranks of Pan Americanism by the abstention of the United States in regard to the colonial issue is more significant than the one which Mr. Dulles saw when the U. unanimous!l. Californians to Make Excavations in Peru CUZCO, Peri. —(UP)— A gro- up of specialists from the Univer- sity of California at Berkeley have been authorized to begin a series of archeological excavations in Pe- ru. A group archeologists under the direction of the well known American archeologist and teacher, John Howland Rowe, will carry out explorations in the coastal and highland regions of Peru, includ- ing work in the departments (stat- es) of Ayacuho, Cuzco, Apurimac and Puno. The archeologists will make a study of cultures located at Chanapata and Tiahuanaco and of the pre-Incaic and Incaic cul- tures. aeeenceey S. measure was not ratified SUBWAY CARS MADE IN ARGENTINA NOW BUENOS AIRES —(UP)— Sub- way passengers rode for the first time in an Argentine-built car. The car, second to be construct- ed in this country, was placed in- to service Friday on the Consti- tucion-Presidente Peron line. The first: Argentine-built subway car is on exhibition at the fair of the Americas, in Mendoza, a token of Argentina’s growing industrializa- tion, The two are part of a series of 15 to be manufactured here. | WASHINGTON. —(UP)— The United States has agreed to buy 100,000 tons of copper from Chile. An announcement issued by the State Department said that United States Ambassador Willard L. Be- aulac had notified the Chilean gov- ernment at Santiago that the Unit- ed States had decided to buy the strategic copper for steckpiling at world market prices. say, “Final details of the agree- ‘nent will have to be drawn up NEARLY A MILLION “WETBACKS” ARRESTED IN ‘53 WITNESS SAYS Less money, less coverage, McCarran says WASHINGTON. —(UP)— Im- mgration Commissioner Argyle MacKey said that the number of “wetbacks” from Mexico who en- ter the United States illegally is increasing from year to year des- pite laws ‘which were passed to govern ‘the. matter. Appearing before the Senate ap- propriations subcommittee, Mac- Key said that during fiscal year 1953 —the first year during which a law governing the entry of wet- backs was in effect, the number of illegal Mexican immigrants ar- rested increased from’ 510,716 for the 1952 fiscal year to the figure of 800,618. He also said that a total of 547,718 wetbacks had been arrested during the second half of 1953. Mackey spoke at hearings on the wetback situation in which Senator Pat McCarran from Neva- da expressed fear that immigra- tion laws would be “destroyed be- cause of a gradual drop in ap- propriations” for seeing that they are carried out. Senator Allen El- lender from Louisiana exclaimed, “Can you imagine the number of subversive agents who cross the border among those people? It se- ems that we'll have to do some- thing in order to get greater co- operation from the Mexican gov- ernment”. MacKey said that the State Department was working on that aspect of the matter. The commissioner said he felt that “if we can prevent the so-call- ed ‘wetbacks’ from leaving interior areas of Mexico for the American border, we will have taken a big step toward settling the problem.” Acting subcommittee chairman Everett M. Dicksen from Illinois asked MacKey how many border guards he would need in order to attain “an effective watch on the Mexican and Canadian bor- ders,” to which McCarran rejoined maliciously, “the whole united States Army.” Mackey agreed that a “large for- ee” would be necessary. He said that the border patrol service now has 756 men stationed along the Mexican border, 229 along the Ca- nadian, 76 in Miami and 18 in the San Francisco district. The new budget, MacKey said, doesn’t con- template a reduction in force. During the fiscal year of 1953, which ended June 30 last year, MacKey said that a total of 182, 143 wetbacks had been detained in the San Antonio area, 33,586 in the El Paso district and 331,999 in the San Francisco area. Radio Talk Between Mexico and U. S. WASHINGTON —(UP)— The problems of reciprocal radio trans- mission. The U. S. Department of State will try to reach a emporary agreement, which will be in force until a long-term understanding can be reached. The long-range plan is expect- ed to be negotiated next fall. There had been a basic agreement between Mexico and the United States, but it has expired. The Mexican delegation will be headed by Carlos Nunez, of the Ministry of Communications and Public Works. Rosel H. Hyde, pre- sident of the Federal Communi- cations Commission will head the U. S. delegation. YUGOSLAV TRADE MISSION TO VISIT SOUTH AMERICAN NATIONS The mission is headed by the president of the Croatian Executive Council Reports from London say that a Yugoslav trade mission will le- ave Belgrade in April to visit Bra- zil, Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay, Chile and probably Bolivia, Peru and Venezuela in order to increase Yugoslav trade with those coun- tries and negotiate new trade pacts. The mission, which is expected to be away for three or four months, is headed by Jakov Bla- zevi, president of the Croatian Exe- cutive Council. According to a bro- adcast of the Yugoslav news agen- ey Tanjug which was pieked up, FRENCH ENTER OIL VENEZUELAN INDUSTRY CARACAS, Venezuela —(UP) —French interests have entered the huge Venezuelan oil industry, it was disclosed here. Heretofore, American and An- glo-Dutch oil companies were the only foreign concerns on the field here. According to Michel Homolle, French engineer of the Suez Ca- nal company, most of the capital subscribed in France for the Ve- nezuelan oil venture is owned by the Suez company. The French group has obtained ; a concession in Barinas state, ab- out 300 miles southwest-of Cara- cas, and will start exploratory operations shortly. Homolle said a $1,000,000 fund was available for preliminary work. Any oil which the company may get from Vono~1<'a would be for exclusive use in France, he added, the mission will also include ex- perts in trade matters and repre- sentatives from economic agencies who will contact commercial firms in countries to be visited by them and, “if possible, they will enter into trade agreements.” The .Tanjug agency said that Yugoslavia now enjoys trade re- lations with most of the South American countries and has pay- ment agreements with some of them. It went on to say: “A banking agreement was recently signed with Uruguay to the tune of two millions dollars. “In June of this year the second payment agreement with Brazil concluded since the end of World War II will expire. The Yugoslav mission will be able to secure a new agreement with that country. “This year Yugoslavia concluded Fs a reciprocal trade agreement worth four million dollars with Argentina and a similar contract is expected to be signed soon to the tune of nine million dollars. “Economic circles in Yugoslavia are confident that conditions are right for an expansion of trade relations with the countries of South America. Yugoslavia is in a position export metallurgical products, and chemical and elec- tronic products as well in addition |to machine tools, building equip- ment, farm machinery, and so forth. It is interested in importing | leather, wool, cotton, lard, coffee, spices, petroleum and other raw materials available in South Ameri- can countries.” The announcement went oa to| announced that the two countries} Firm Offer for Chilean Copper Made by U.S. Ambassador Beaulac FINAL DETAILS UP TO THE GEN. SERVICES ADMINISTRATION by the General Services Adminis- tration and the two largest of the Chilean companies which supply the United States with copper. | These details will be made public when the contract is signed” The announcement issued by the State Department was held up for more than a week while the Ameri- can government sought to ascerta- in Chile’s position in regard to cop. per export policies, On March 17 the Chilean cabinet issued a statement which was in- terpreted by some as an opening | for sale of the copper to Iron Cur- tain countries, The Chilean government is un- derstood to have assured the Unit- ed States that Chile would conti- nue to adhere to arrangements for control of trade in strategic materials by free world countries whereby copper exports to Com- munist-dominated countries are forbidden. The other considerations which | influenced the United States to decide on purchase of the copper —an agreement which was origi- nally proposed by Chile last Au- gust— were Chilean price policies and treatment afforded to Chilean copper producers, which include several American-controlled com- panies. American officials said in Wa- shington that they were confident that a satisfactory arrangement could be worked out between the copper companies and the Chilean government. Informed sources said that representatives of the General Services Administration and Chi- lean officials are expected to have little difficulty in agreeing on final details of the agreement to buy the copper. It still isn’t know what method | will be used to determine the United States and Mexico will | meet next Monday to discuss the | price to be paid for the individual shipments, but informants said that the same method which was used recently in the tin purchase agree- ment with Indonesia, or some simi- lar method, might used. The Indonesian tin purchase | agreement specifies that the price | of each shipment is to be deter- | mined as the average between the | price for immediately delivery pre- vailing on the New York market the day of purchase and the current price for 60 day futures. Chilean efforts to dispose of its copper surpluses to the United States by special sale agreements suffered a course of ups and downs oyer a seven-month period. Talks | were broken off once and during |the lapse of intervening time the Chilean government decided to re- view its entire copper policy. The talks were originally begun | in Washington in August, 1953 by Chilean Ambassador Anibal Jara. Following lengthy deliberation with other government agencies the Sta- | te Department notified Jara at the beginning of September that it was willing to negotiate on the basis | |of his offer, which stipulated sale of the copper to the United States for reserve stockpiling at current | world market prices. | Jara and Luis Mackema, a Chi- lean Central Bank specialist, car- ried on talks in Washington for six weeks during the months of September and October. It was during that time that the United States insisted that before the U.S. would buy her copper, Chile should | refrain from accumulating new cop- per surpluses without contracts to | back up purchase of them. MacKenna left for Chile toward |the end of October and several |days later Chile announced that the talks had been broken off. Following this announcement the Chilean government made a com- plete review of its copper policy. A bill affecting the copper indus- \try is now before the Chilean Se- | \nate for approval. The bill and the March 17 announcement on copper export policies stemmed |from the general review. Toward ,the end of last month Chile offered to renew its propo- sal to sell the 100,000 ton surplus. Talks were renewed at once and culminated in the announcement of the U.S. Chilean agreement. Tin Texas Production Unnecessary, Cravens of RFC Tells Senate Group U. S. WASHINGTON —(UP)— The head of the Reconstruction Fi- nance Corporation, Kenton R. | Cravens, said that government tin reserves in the United States are sufficiently large to last six years. —or possible ten years— at the present rate of consumption. Cravens made this information known on recommending the clo- sure of the tin foundry in Texas City, claiming that “there no long- er exists any justification for a government program to accumula- te tin reserves.” Although several members of the Senate Banking Committee, before whom Cravens testified, ex- pressed their concern over the need for a foundry in the event of war, Cravens declared: “Those in charge of national security tell us we don’t need it.” Cravens stated that Texas City has “a good foundry, but too big,” Argentines Ready to Check Atomic Dust BUENOS AIRES —(UP)— The National Atomic Energy Commis- sion said it will take “adequate measures” to protect Argentines from harmful radiation effects as those suffered recently by Japan- ese fishermen in the Pacific. The commission said # woud act the moment an increase is noticed in natural radioactivity as the result of outside factots “such as particles or radiation emanat- ing from nuclear reaction.” Argentine air force jet planes would be sent into the substrato- sphere with special filtering apara- tus, the commission said. Similar aparatus would be installed at various points throughout the country, including stations in the Andes mountains. The commission recalled that voleanic dust from the catastro- phic eruption of Krakatoa, Aug. 27, 1883, spread throughout the world, arriving in Europe three months after the eruption. It sug- gested that the same thing could happen with atomic dust. holds tin reserves to last up to 10 years and that its production is not needed at the present rate of con- sumption. “It wasn’t too big when we needed tin,” observed Senator A. Willis Robertson. In ease of war, Cravens said, the United States could build an- other and better foundry in “a year to 18 months”. Senator J. William Fulbright then asked if the. closure of the foundry meant that the United States could not obtain tin if Malaya and Indo- china fell into the hands of the, Communists. Craven answered with the reference to “those in charge of national security” who decided that the tin foundry was not needed. Cravens later stated that United States tin reserves are complete, and that private industry has been importing tin from the free market since April of 1953. “World production of tin exceeds con- sumption,” Craven observed, “And the production of the Texas City foundry could not be put up for sale on the free market without lowering prices and complicating international relations.” Mexico Ended 1953 With 90 Million Dollar Deficit MEXICO CITY, (UP) —Mexico finished 1953 with a $90,000,000 deficit in its internatiowal balance of payments, according to prelimin- ary official figures just released. The unfavorable balance compar- ed with a favorable one of almost $9,600,000 for 1952. It was one of the largest in postwar years. Economists pointed out, however, that preliminary figures are sub- ject to radical correction once “un- seen” sources of gold and dollar in- come are taken into account. Excess of imports over exports was the largest factor in the un- favorable balance of payments. Mexico bought $216,160,000 worth of goods over what it sold abroad last year. This was Mexico's big- gest trade deficit since the end of World War Il. It compared with a trade deficit of $147,130,000. in Costa Rica Given Chance to Join |\DOOR LEFT OPEN FOR IT TO SIGN THE FINAL ACT Tired diplomats ready for closing session pill See ee So, eee ee CARACAS —(UP)— The Tenth | Interamerican Conference drew | near its end yesterday as its dele-| gation chiefs met in plenary ses- sion to give their approval to the final, act. The agendas. of the working commissions were completed final- | ly when. the first commission on | juridical-political matters con-| cluded consideration of the items before it, and the various resolu- tions, declarations and conven- tions which were approved during | the past four weeks were sent to| working plenary sessions for final | acceptance. | The ceremonial closing of the | |eonference will occur Sunday af- | ternoon when the delegation heads sign the final act and ambas-| sadors of those governments |which wish to do so affix their | signatures to. the conventions. The Declaration of Caracas, a document consecrating the non- intervention -principle, was the only important work to be unani- mously approved, by the confer- ence. The tired diplomats enjoyed a day of rest Saturday and readied themsleves for the final closing session. The final plenary session saw approval of an anti-Communist re- | solution, a recommendation to) abolish racial discrimination, the Declaration of Caracas, conven- tions on territorial and diplomatic asylum, a resolution on European colonies and several other mea- sures. Guatemala voted against the | anti-Communist resolution, while Argentina and Mexico abstained from voting on it. Guatemala was the only country to vote against the anti-racial discrimination re- solution, while Argentina and Me- xico abstained from voting on it. | Guatemala was the only coutry to vote against the discrimination resolution. The Ratification of World Sugar Pact is Recommended WASHINGTON. —(UP)— A Se- nate foreign relations subcommit- tee has unanimously recommended ratification by the United States | of the new world sugar agreement. The chairman of the body, Se- nator George Aiken from Vermont, told the United Press that the subcommittee had decided on that course “under the belief that the agreement is rather necessary for promoting stability of that impor- tant industry among our Caribbe- an neighbors.” The decision now goes to the full committee, which is expected to report favorably on it to the whole Senate around the begin- ning of next week. The subcommittee’s approval is felt to be an important step to- ward ratification of the sugar agre- ment by the U.S..well in advance of the deadline of May 1, by which time all ratifications have to be deposited in London. Before it goes into effect, the agreement must have been signed by a subs- tantial majority of all important sugar-importing, and sugar-export- ing nations. The United States has been assigned 245 of the 1,000 votes granted to importing nations. CHILE ADOPTS STERN MEASURES ON DOLLAR, STERLING IMPORTS SANTIAGO DE CHILE -(UP)- The National Council of Foreign Trade, which regulates this coun- try’s international trade, has im- posed the strictest restrictions in recent years on imports form dol- Jar and sterling areas, especially the United states and Great Brit- anti-racial | ain, Chile’s most important sup- pliers. The council notified commercial banks that it will only extend credit for essential articles and raw materials for medical and in- dustrial products. The banks will have to submit a list of present credits to the council, which will be able to be paid for with funds coming from dollar and sterling areas only in 60 percent of its import. The restrictions, which were im- posed as a result of the recent decline in foreing sales of Chilean copper, will continue in force, it is believed, for several months in spite of the agreement by which the United States will buy 100,000 tons of Chile’s copper, United States abstained from vot- ing when the territorial asylum measure came up for a vote. It joined Peru also in abstainning from voting on the convention re- |lated to diplomatic asylum. Uruguay explained its vote on the anti-Communist resolution when Uruguayan delegate Justino Jimenez de Arechaga stated that he was supporting the resolution because “it has been made suf- ficiently clear that the purpose of this resolution is to protect the hemisphere against Soviet im- perialism and ins’t directed against any American government now in power.” Jimenez de Arechaga likewise made it tlear that Uruguay would have voted against the anti-Com- munist resolution if amendments to it proposed by Uruguay had not been incorporated into the Declaration of Caracas which, ac- cording to Jimenez de Arechaga, “equally condemns all totalitarian régimes, from whatever source they may have arisen, forbids all kinds of discrimination against persons because of their political opinions, formerly obliges the na- tions of the Americas to reject any kind of intervention in the domestic or foreign affairs of any of their number and affords am- ple recognition of the principle of self-determination as based on the effective exercise of repres- entative democracy.” Guatemala Foreign minister Guillermo Toriello explained that he had voted against the anti- racial discrimination recommend ation “because it contained politi- cal overtones, although I am in favor of abolishing racial diseri- mination.” Toriello will also reject the anti- Communist resolution when it comes up for discussion during the closing session of the confer- ence. Toriello will say that his country’s opposition is due to the fact that the resolution “repre sents a trend toward intervention, sooner of later,” in the internal affairs of other nations. Brazilian and Argentine-spon- sored resolutions on colonies were approved by all delegates except those from the United States, who abstained. Chile reaffirmed cer- |tain rights claimed by it by stat ing a reservation in regard to fe tritories claimed by it in the Ant- arctic. Chilean delegate Luis D. Cruz Ocampo asked the plenary session of the conference to make a note in the final text of the anti-cote- nial resolutions that “the Chileaa delegation reserves the Republie’s right to Chilean Antartie territo- ty.” 4 In addition to the above ae. complishments the plenary seé- sion of the,conference decided te: 1. Leave the door open to Cos ta Rica —which failed to attend the conference— to sign the final act after it has been deposited with the Pan American Unionv: 2. Pay its respects to Dr. Alber. to Lleras Camargo, secretary ge- neral of the Organization of Ame- rican States, “for the unusual ac- complishment achieved by him during the course of his work with the OAS.” ‘ TRADE TALKS WITH BRAZIL RESUMED RIO DE JANEIRO —(UP)— Dr. Pigiletti, under-secretary of Foreign Commerce for Argentina, and Casimiro Ourdanabia, head of the Argentine delegation. which is negotiating the revision of the lists of products to be exchanged between his country and Brazil, have arrived from Buenos Aires. Negotiations have been in pro- gress three months already with- out arriving at an agreement. Since the first of March conversa- tions have been limited to the discussion of technical questions relative to exchange when the lists are completed. Ourdanabia left for Buenos Ai- res at the end of February to re- port to his government on the state of the negotiations, and the last official statement of the mix- ed Argentine-Brazilian ~commis- sion said that they were progres- sing “satisfactorily”. The fact that Dr. Pigiletti now joins the Argentine mission is in- terpreted as an indication that the chief problems relating to wheat shipments have been solved, as well as other problems such as the price of fruit, and the entry into Brazil of Argentine products un- der Brazil’s mew system of li- censes, e