Evening Star Newspaper, September 20, 1928, Page 8

8 THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C THURSDAY . .September 20, 1928 AR P AN THEODORE W. NOYES. The Evening Star Newspaper Company usiness Office. Pennsylvania Ate 110 East 42nd St. £ Tower Building. Office: 14 Rezent St.. Loadon, Engla; nd. Rate by Carrier Within, the City. The Evenine Star. 5 45¢ per month The Evening and Sunday Star (when 4 Sundass) ... ‘The Evening snd Sunday Star (when 5 Sundays) ..85¢ per month ‘The Sunday Star .. 5c per copy Collection made at th> end of ith Orders may be sent in by mail or telepnone Main 5000 | fcai European 60c per month Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance, Marviand and Virginia. | Vvr. S190m: 1 mo.. 83 . 1 yr. $6.00: 1 5 i Sunday only 1 yr. $4.00: 1 0c All Other States and Canada. Daily and Sunday 1 yr., $12.00: 1 mo, $1.00 Daily only wee. 1 ¥r, $200: 1 ino0. Sunday only . . $5.00: 1 mo.. Member of the Associated Press. The Associated Press is exclusively entitled to the use tor republication of all news i ted in this paper and also fthe incal new published herein Al rizhts af publication of &pecial dispatches herein are also reserved For the Fee? ! Gov. Smith, if elected President. | prebably will approve a farm-aid bill embodying substantially the equaliza- tion fee as It now stands, the New Editor | | Who made daily calls for cash. contest between the safe maker and the safe breaker is in point. As fast as | additional means of security are adopted | the yeggman evolves new schemes of | overcoming them. An instance of this competitive spirit is just reported frcm New York. Two | men wearing the uniformlof th> crew of an armored car that was engaged : for daily collections of cash from large | cstablishments entered the ca: cage of a dairy corporation, to which | they were given access without question. | | Drawing their weapons they held up | {the cashier’s staff. scooped up $13.000 | |and walked out with their loot to a ! i motor car and got away. One of the | guards pursued them in a truck, but | wes distanced. These men had carefully planned the | robbery. They had. it appears, put out | of order the siren of the plant so that | the alerm could not be nmmrdimm{ sounded. They had studied the prac- | tice of the express company agents Faith- fully imitating the uniforms of the guards they gained access to the cage | without check or question, and on their | exit they were allowed to pass with being halted. Here was a cash room equipped with every known device for | resisting robbers, and yet they entered | it freely and left it unimpeded. Now it will be nesessary to devise a ystem of armored car collections that York Werld says editorially today. Further, the World says that while it has opposed the mechanics of the Me- | Nary-Haugen farm bill, meaning the | equalization fee, it will stand aside and | net attempt to block “the only exist- | ing program of agricultural relief.” | ‘The New York World is Gov. Smith's i intense admirer and supporter. It was an editorial in the World which Gov. Smith indorsed a few weeks ago when’ he turned his back on the equalization | fee, saying it would not do. Gov.| Smith in his speech Tuesday night in | Omaha, tackling the farm problem, said | he favored the principles of the Mec- Nary-Haugen biil; that he favored the distributjon of the cost of handling sur- plus crops to the producers of the crop. He made nc specific mention of the equalization fee. But he drew the issue between himself and the Republican nominee, Mr. Hoover. For himself, Gov. Smith said he adhered to the principles of the McNary-Haugen bill. Mr. Hoover, he said, disapproved those principles. Gov. Smith is well able to speak (url himself. He usually does. If he is to| approve the equalization fee of the Mc- Nary-Haugen bill. he doubtless will do %0 on his Western trip. So far he has gone no further than the indorsement of the principle back of the fee. He has not indorsed the practical method of putting it into effect. He promised that some plan shall be worked out to make the principle effective. Now comes the New York World with @ frank statement that “We shall make no attempt to disguise the fact that Gov. Smith’s pledge at Omaha makes it highly probable that if elected he will in the end approve the equaliza- tion fee substantially as it is now em- bodied in the McNary-Haugen bill. We! say this because we believe that the commission he proposes to appoint woul almost certainly recommend the essential features of that bill. It rep- resents the conclusions of those who have studied the problem of the sur- plus longest and most sympathetically, and there is little reason to anticipate, though it is possible, that some one will between November and March invent & new, simpler and more practicable method of carrying out the purpose of the McNary-Haugen bill.” 1t the New York World is correct in its estimate of what Gov. Smith will do if elected President, the issue is really joined over the farm problem in this national campaign, not only in the West but in the industrial States of the East. Gov. Smith has hung back for two months since his nomination in Houston, going no further in his utterances on the farm problem than the Democratic national platform, ex- cept in the sole instance of the inter- view in which he approved the attack of the New York World on the equal- ization fee. The single issue which the Democratic candidate can present to disgruntled farmers of the West with hope of attracting their votes is the farm issue. It has been apparent for weeks that unless he was willing to go the whole route and declare for the equalization fee, he would make little headway in the Western territory. Hjs definite statement that he would not stand for the equalization fee was spread broad- cast over the West, and leaders who had hesitated, turned to Hoover. But now Smith is invading the West, in a desper- ate effort to capture some of those States. The New York World has grace- fully withdrawn its opposition to the equalization fee. Doubtless Gov. Smith will be asked if he approves this new editorial stand of the World. President Coolidge has twice vetoed the McNary-Haugen farm relief bill One of the main reasons for his veto was that the equalization fee is unwork- able and unconstitutional. Whatever the Democrats may say of Mr. Coolidge, the fact remains that his judgment is highly regarded in this country, and that many of the farmers of the West take the same view as the President in regard to the equalization. 1t is tur- tner true that to many farmers the “equalization fee" is no more than a name, with little meaning. Possibly the warm reception given Gov. Smith by the people of Omaha and adjacent territory, and to his speech, has had something to do with the anrounced attitude of the World. The World declares today that the equalization does appear not “uncon- stitutional,” and that if it is tried out and is found not to work, it can be repealed. Probably the Republicans will be perfectly willing to go to the bat election day on this issue, both in the ‘West and in the East. e In several recent public addresses the fmpromptu interpolation was what made the real hit with the crowd. r————— The War of Crime and Law. It has been often said that the pro- fessional criminal is a competent in- vengor of expert means of thwarting the law. He brings to his crooked work & high degree of ingenuity, with a com- petence in performance that if applied { The landing at Le Bourget, outside of cannot be imitated by the erooks. But that does not give assurance that the new method will be absolutely crime- | proof. For the war is on between the | criminal and the law and only the im- position and execution of the utmost severity of punishment upon all who may be caught will gain ground toward | security. e——— The Autogyro. Characterized as one of the most re- | markable achievements in the develop- ment of aviation and equal in impor- tance to the Channel flight of Bleriot in 1909, the “Windmill” autogyro plane of Juan de la Cierva, which rises and descends almost vertically, made a suc- cessful trip on Tuesday from London to Paris. Although four stops were made en route, the autogyro functioned perfectly and its speed at times reached better than one hundred miles an hour Paris, was witnessed by several thou- sand persons and the peculiar-looking plane, coming almost straight down out of the sky, stopped within a few yards of the point of contact with the earth. The product of five years' intensive work on the part of its inventor and the nearest approach to a workabie helicopter ever devised, the Windmill ha$ extremely small main wings. On a mast above the ordinary airplane fuselage are four enormous propeller- like blades which rotate above th: pilot's cockpit. This autogyro, revolv- ing at nine hundred revolutions a min- ute, will carry the machine upward at a steep angle. Once aloft the forward driving force is given by a regular motor and propeller as in ordinary airplancs. During the flight the autogyro takes care of itself and the pilot is free to navigate his plane and give his atten- tion to the engine and instruments. The most remarkable part of the Windmill is its landing facility. With the huge propeller above his head ro- tating slowly, the pilot may hover over a field, picking out the exact spot on which he wishes to land, and he needs only a few yards of level terrain on which to do it. Once he has selected | the spot, he has only to let the ma- chine gently down until near - the | ground, when a few turns of the propel- ler take it forward a little before it settles as lightly as a bird. Those who have flown in this queer contraption say that the sense of security and sta- bility is extraordinary. Ever since the first airplane of the ‘Wright brothers took the air over a lonely strip of beach in North Carolina man has dreamed of the vertically ris- ing and descending flying machine. In- ventors in all parts of the world have béen striving to solve the problem. Senor Juan de la Cierva, a former mem- ber of the Spanish Parliament, after in- tensive study, hit upon the plan of combining a huge overhead propeller with small spadelike wings on a regu- lar airplane fuselage, and Tuesday’s | demonstration gave conclusive proof that his ideas are sound. The take-off and the landing are the two most hazardous features of flying in present-day planes. Great speed, flat ground and a large space are neces- sary for both maneuvers. The impor- tance of the autogyro development can be appreciated, therefore, when it is realized that the aviator can ascend and descend almost vertically at a compar- atively slow speed and with rno more than a small space in which to operate. As experiments continue improve- ments will doubtless be effected in the machine which so successfully negoti- ated the Channel crossing. The world will watch with interest future flights of the airplane which threatens to rev- olutionize the art of flying. - Devastating storms this year have called for farm and other relief of the most practical kind and in the greatest possible hurry. ——— Criminals and Jails. Much has been said and written as to the whys and wherefors of crime in this country, but it remains for a Potts- ville, Pa., judge to hit the nail squarely upon the head on a hithérto seldom- mentioned aspect of the situation. In | one pithy sentence Judge Forrest R. | Shanaman gives the reason why a life of crime attracts so many. He says, “The people of America love thelr criminals too much, and, as a result, | are threatening to defeat the very pur- | pose of courts in imprisoning lawbreak- |ers.” Declaring that the average meals served in jail and prison are better than those served in a good many of the homes of workingmen of the country, and that one prison has a radio in- stalled in fifty per cent of its cells, Judge Shanaman is evidently of the opinion that prisons are rapidly becom- ing such attractive places of haven that the criminal no longer dreads incarcera- tion. It takes only a visit to a first-class penitentiary in the United States to | convince the average person that this judge knows exactly what he is talking methods of beating safeguards. The lh-ve been accustomed to. The sensi- | going to and from school. THE EVENING ST/ AR. WASHINGTON. D. C.. THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 20, 1928. tive mind, of course, naturally feels humiliation at curtailment of liberty, but there are comparatively few prison- ers who have a sensitive and intelligent degree of mentality. | All the people of this country, whether “ criminals or otherwise, want clean, sani- | tary and well managed jails and peni- | tentiaries. Some of the people, unfor- | tunately, wish to make these places so | fidently look forward to a far better | home than he is accustomed to if the | authoritics arrest him and he is sent to jail. It is the view of this minority and its success in working its will that the Pennsylvania judge scores, and he will have the support of thinking men | his view. e Guard the Children. School days are here again. The children are dashing across the streets | Their bodies are active and theit minds not yer| drilled to bitter experience to be always on their guard against dangers. Every autoist should take a pledge | carefully that no little life might o | endangered by his recklessness or lack of precaution. Carried away by their play. the chil- | dren are apt to dart out from behind | parked automobiles, or a group crossing a street are apt to scatter in consterna- tion in every direction at the approach | of an automobile. While the children in school and ar home should be impressed with the im- portance of the utmost caution 1 crossing the streets, the real responsi- bility rests with the adult driver to think always for the fullest protection of the children. This cannot be a matter of law and police regulation. It must be a matter of conscience and the heart. ——— It was incidentally remarked by Gov. Smith in correcting a reference to the present contest as a race for the “gov- ernorship” “that he was new to this job; never having run for President before.” His Omaha critics are inclined to admit that he did very well for a beginner. —e——— Some of the low comedy features once introduced in politics have been absent from the present discussion. Hoover and Smith are both city bred and can- not be expected to demonstrate fellow feeling with the farmer by going’ into a pasture and trying to milk a cow. ) A presidential candidate cannot ap- pear in all the communities that wish to welcome him. Even while winning friends he must risk apathy on the part of citizens’ committees that he has been compelled to disappoint. e The full dinner pail has often been a powerful political argument. The dinner pail of the present not only has abundant food, but especial devices for opening delicatessen cans and for keep- ing the coffee hot. ——————— Comparison of present prices with those charged in the.past will afford still more contrast if the figures are taken back to the time when beefsteak could be bought for 25 cents a pound. e e i Florida is compelled by unfortunate circumstances to contribute bad news to the country along with the happy and exhilarating Winter resort publicity, —————— . Having responded without hesitation to that Omaha questionnaire, Gov. Smith is waiting to see whether there !s to be a prize for correct answers. e n— A “bandit” gets his picture into print and feels famous. He pays a heavy price for publicity that cannot pessibly be rendered profitable. ——r—t—— ‘To the average ear there is no, evi- dence of a “whispering campaign.” Everybody appears willing and anxious to turn on the amplifier. F o SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Back to School. Studying hard, sometimes by night, No less than through the day, With, as we keep the balance right, A fleeting hour for play, We turn from Summer to the Fall, And we obey the rule Which brings the call to great and small; “It's time to go to school!” The youngsters and their elders read, Endeavoring to learn The precepts that mankind should heed When called to speak in turn, And they who teach, with patient care -Must Learn; or teach in vain. With hope so fair, we all prepare For Study, once again. The New Oratory. “How do you like broadcasting?” “Not much,” answered Senator Sor- ghum. “the microphone has a blank facial expression that's depressing. But this much must be said for it: It can't heckle.” Where Oratory Ceases. Said Charon, on the River Styx, “Let's have no more of politics. A silence through this trip must reach. There will be no Rear Platform Speech.” Jud Tunkins says there are two kinds | of -airplane passengers, the heroic and the foolish. Slight Misunderstanding. “What's the chatter?” inquired grand- father. : “I am trying to recite the Greek alphabet,” answered the schoolboy. “I'm glad to hear it. I thought you were practicing the chorus of a new popular song.” “We play gambling games,” . said Hi Ho, the sage of Chinatown, “to kil Time, whom we have made to seem an enemy instead of a frmnd): Proper Restraint. We once said, “Hang the Kaiser!” We've grown polite and wiser. A splendid execution 5 Would bring no diminution Of fame—but give foundation For picture exploitation. “When I wus one o’ dem light-heffrted serenaders,” sald Uncle Eben, “a banjo about. As a matter of fact, conditions to legitimate works would carry him far in success. As methods of checking him are devised he invents counter throughout a well run, modern peni- tentiary are far better in every way than perhaps two-thirds of the inmates player looked like he was enjoyin’ his- self. Now he has a dissatisfied expres- l | the same idea at with his own conscience to drive o} THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. How batches of human beings get the same time is something that has always struck us as extremely interesting. In nothing has this trait been seen er's | Tuxuri _ | more strikingly illustrated than in the fer's | luxurious that the lawbreaker can con-; Tore St JACEERAE BRD o6 8 | bobbed hair behind their ears. Every girl who sophisticated. Why any weman should want to look sophisticated is something we, along th most men, we believe, cannot un- rection. But that hundreds of them do can- not be gainsaid. cigarette in her mouth and her hair pushed behind her ears, and immedi- ately she imagines that all the neigh- bofs think her extremely chic. ‘Women are but children of a larger growth, Schopenhauer declared. In this connection one is irreverently re- minded of the song sometimes taught to little girl which ends with the succinet line: Your mother will love you. no doubt, And the neighbors will love you— maybe.” o hair pushed to be spanked. They are rocking the boat. They are upsetting the progress of the cen- turies. To think that it took until AD. 1920 to put bobbed hair on the map, and that now they are spoiling it! Spoiling it, we believe, since the very essence of the beauty of the bobbed- hair style is the covered ear. We have yet to see a beautiful ear. Ears are nothing but handles on the side of the head. Men must expose theirs because there is no way out of :I, thmen, however, have a conven- ent excuse, or reason, for Kkeepi; theirs hid from the public gaze. e Long hair required that it be dressed in certain ways. It is aside from the question that not one woman in a thousand knew how to “put up” her hair for the best effect. The fact was that the hair, when Wwomen wore it long, had to be tucked up, and twisted around, and cofled. and held in place, and that sort of thing. In achieving this result, good or bad, as the case was, ears had to be un- covered, to a more or less degree. Now, since most women, no more than most men, have shell-like ears, the result was that women were driven to ear- rings to make their ears decorative. Men may look ugly and get away with it, but women are charged with the divine duty of bemng as decorative as"po‘slslble. i ey cannot be ornamental, why, all right. That is one thing. ?IITY'\ readily forgive them, and do their best to_discover other good points. The plain duty of every woman, how- ever, everything else being equal, js to be as near like an angel, a statue of the Venus de Medici and a painting of Mona Lisa, as possible. Very few will cver attain this theoretic perfection, of course—but then, how many men look like gods? The gods, no doubt, would snicker at a man in knickers, and we couldn't blame them. Jove himself would rock high Olym- pus with laughter at-the sight of a male being in knickerbockers trying to eat corn on the cob. * ok ok % To get back to the ladies and their always amusing and interesting crown- ing glory: When bobbed heads becarne “Will somebody please raise the tune of ‘The World's Upside Down'?" That song was familiar to American patriots at the time of the surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown, when the news seemed so truly revolutionary as to be almost unbelievable. Now again “The World's Upside Down,” since the “Solid South” and the Democratic party platform afe upholding the prin- ciple of protective tariff for the benefit of American labor. Heretofore, only Republicans dared advecate such a doctrine, for which they were duly anathematized as the alleged protectors of “American monopolies” with their “high cost of living.” ‘The 1928 Democratic platform con- tains a startling modification to the ef- fect that “the tariff should be measured by the difference in cost of production at home and abroad”—which is the historic position of such protectionists as Clay, Blaine, McKinley, Dingley, Fordney and McCumber. * ok Kk There has been considerable specula- tion of election prophets as to how far Mr. Hoover can break into the “Solid South.” Explanations have been vouch- safed to the effect that the South is conscientious about ecclesiastics and temperance, hence it will support Mr. Hoover to a surprising degree, but little has been said of the development of the industrial South which is awaking to the importance of a home market for its factories, with consequent stabi- lization of employment and wages. Last June, James W. Gerard, treas- urer of the Democratic national com- mittee and former Ambassador to Ger- many, declared: “The tariff is no longe) a partisan political issue, and ought n to be so regarded by the pcople and the Democratic party. I am one of many Democrats who are not afraid to say that proteetion without robbery sched- ules is essential to industrial prosperity and the continued employment of labor.” His years of residence in what was then the leading industrial country of Europe gave him an insight into the unfair competition faced by American industry at American wages and scale of living. He saw that we could not pay $8 to $10 a day wages against Ger- many’s $2 or $3 and expect to sell as cheaply in our own market. If we ad- mitted the German goods in competi- tion, we would be forced to come down to European rates of wages. So long as the South was dominated by its agriculture, without factories, it wanted manufactured goods at lowest possible cost, even if produced abroad. But the Houston platform, accepting the principle of protection to American ‘wages, was drawn up by such outstand- ing Southerners as Senator Caraway of Arkansas, Senator Tydings of Mary- land, Senator Pat Harrison of Missis- sippl, Senator Blease of South Carolina, Senator Glass of Virginia and. former Secretary of the Navy Josephus Daniels of North Carolina. * K ok ok Agreeing with Ambassador Gerard, | the Manutacturers' Record, the leading Southern magazine of industry, pub- lishes upon 1ts cover of the September number an eloguent appeal to break | up all sectionalism .and declare for Americanism, on the ground that pros- perity and patriotism demand a broad- er recognition that this is one country and not two—no longer a South and a North, but all American. The_editor, Richard H. Edmonds, a loyal Southerner of Baltimore, says in his appeal: “What a blessed thing it would be for this country, and pre-eminently for the South, if the people of this section could say, ‘I am not a Virginian, nor a Carolinian, nor a Georgian nor a Texan first, but first an American! Americe is my country, and I glory in all its achievements, and can sing with hearti- ness ‘My Country 'Tis of Thee, Swest Land of Liberty.’ sion an' complains 'bout long hours an’ low wages.” “Viewed from the business standpoint alone, the politicians of the South to- day are domg all in their power t thus exposes her | | ears to the public gaze harbors the de- | lusion that 1t makes her look intensely | | "1 | derstand, since the true genius of wom- | |and women throughout the country in | anking lies in exactly the opposite di- Let a girl get a | Women who insist on wearing ‘their | behind their ears ought | | fashionable, women had their first | chance amid the centuries to get the !jump on men by covering up their ears. Ears look well on elephants, but if | you called @ woman an_elephant, she would get insulted. They are very touchy creatures. anyw: nd have o be_handled carefully. If a married man tells a married wemen (not his own) that she iooks | better with her hair over her ears. and | not tucked back, the chances are 10 to 1 that she will reply: “Why, what business is it of yours? You have enough to do to take care of your own wife. I wear my hair hehind my ears because T want it behind my ears, so | there! if I wanted to, but——" and she will top with that look which says as plamn- y as a look can, “Why, I could say | terrible things about you, but I am too polite, you impolite person, you!” As a matter of fact, the poor gentl man (perfectly theoretically, of course) ought to come back raply as the following: “Why, you big simpleton, I regard my own Wife as periect, and therefore can't find an: | thing to find fault with in her, so niust turn my mind to other ladies. And I simply don't like this hair-behind-the- ears business. You look much sweeter with it hanging loose, waving freely in the wind. "And this, my dear, as the children say, is not a personal finding of fault, in any sense, but simply and solely an attempt on my part, free of charge, to induce you to be at your | best, and, through you, all women, for none of you looks good with her darn ears showing.” Will he say all of this, however? Well | pot if he has any sense he won't, and :nyv\ay, he won't think of it until next ay. * ok ok % The very essence of the modern bob, as exemplified among women, is the free hanging qualities of the gobs of hair on the left and right sides of the face of the owner thereof. Since the sad fact of long hair was that it required pinning up, and this same pinning up forced the ears to stand out more or less prominently, and since all ears are ugly, it followed as the night the day that cutting off the aforementioned long tresses would re- lieve the pull on the head. This freedom from strain must be one of the delights of bobbed hair. Men who have always had bobbed hair cannot begin to understand the joy with which women everywhere greeted this new sense of freedom. Waving freely in the wind, the bob fell over the ears and concealed them, except in those comparatively few cases in which certain types of girls imagined they looked cute with a “boyish bob.” Very few of them did, but as long as they thought they did, perhaps it was all right. The failure came, not through the “boyish bob” itself, but because such a style of haircut allowed those big ears to show up on the feminine hori- zon. Carefully consider an ear, even the ear of the sweetest Sweetie in the world. Is there a thing pretty about it? Is it not, rather, an absurd piece of cartilage stuck on the side of the head? An ear is no more beautiful than that other absurd factor in the human face, the nose, but the nose is inescapable, whereas the ear may be obliterated, es- pecially if it is a feminine ear. Keep your ears covered uj Don't forgo the divine right which fashion has at last given into your power. Don't let the movie stars stampede you out of one of the greatest bene- fits_of bobbed hair. e good, sweet maid, and let who will be clever.” BACKGROUND OF EVENTS BY PAUL V. COLLINS. discourage the investment of capital in the South, or the coming into lt'\’ls sec- tion of men who dare to have political convictions which may not be in har- mony with those of the Democratic political machines of the South. “Today, as _never before, the South needs a few Patrick Henrys to call its people with burning eloquence to view the whole situation; to show the poli- ticians how they are injuring the South; how they are trying to hamper and re- strict its mental freedom: how they are doing all within their power to develop sectionalism. ~Surely the men who do these igncble things are not patriots, they are not American. They are nar- row-minded provincialists, looking al- ways to the earth and never up to the heavens for an inspiration to the higher things in American life. “Is it not time for the business lead- ers of the South, for the men whose whole future is staked upon the de- velopment of this section in agricul- ture and industry, to compel a halt on the part of the politicians of the South who are guilty of these acts of sectionalism and this lack of broad patriotism?” * ok ok % Fortunately, the South has many broadminded statesmen, like those men- tioned above—the platform makers of 1928—who recognize the truth of the very sincere editorial of the Manufac- turers’ Record, but such are.not yet in control of the local leaders who stilt| oppose protection to home industry. In the meanwhile, the wage earners aic recognizing the importance of indus- trial prosperity, even if that does in- clude voting for the party which un- dividedly demands a protective policy, gnnl(;ep the workman's dinner pail well ed. They declare, in the spirit of the Manufacturers’ Record, “It is not merely a platform acceptance of protection that will break up the control by the machine politicians, but rather the gen- eral support of protection both for North and South, in wages and home market which will answer the appeal | of the Manufacturers' Record.” el Prior to 1820 there was as much sentiment in the South for protection as in the North. Washington, Jefferson and Madison—all Southern planters and statesmen—were for protection. Madi- son took a leading part in passing the first protection law. Throughout the first quarter- of the nineteenth century the protection spirit was undivided, but then it came to be seen that the North was becoming industrialized and the South was depending more upon grow- ing cotton, stimulated by an invention o§ a Yankee, Eli Whitney—the cotton n. The South depended upon its exports of cotton and tobacco, and wanted its manufactured goods as cheaply as pos- sible. So a sectional division of inter- est grew up. Today the South is de- veloping its waterpowers and findi:z that it pays to manufacture its “raw materials” at home. The incentives of that sectionalism of a century ago are giving way to a unity of interest in protection, * K ok % There has never been in the North a sectional prejudice against Southern prosperity, as is charged against the Southern politicians by the Southern | Manufacturers’ Record. ‘The natural sympathy throughout the North for the South will be manifested in the spontaneous co-operation every- where by Northern capital and help, i1 the face of the terrible storm calamity which has fallen upon Florida and At- lantic States to the northward. There will be no more eagerness to bring re- lief from any Southern State than will be found in New England and the North generally. This misfortune may contribute greatly toward breaking down the bar- riers of prejudice and welding all sec- tions into one greater America—one in spirit of a commpn nationality as Americans, one in industrial and com- 5 I could find fault with you, too, ! th some such ! p, my dear, | ome Alleviation in Porto Rico’s Disaster To the Editor of The Sta: Without wishing to seem inapprecia- tive of the seriousness of the disaster which has befallen the Island of Porto Rico, the experience of five years' resi- dence in that island leads me to see | certain ameliorating circumstances in | connection with the catastrophe, which !those unfamiliar with tropical condi- | tions might not see on the face of the {returns Hurricanes of a similar char- cter, although possibly seldom if ever s severe as this one, have come at in- | tervals of from 10 to 25 years since the |island’s discovery by Columbus. These | have been definitely recorded. Each is | referred to by the saint day on which it occurred. San Ciriaco, the last of any great magnitude, occurred in 1898, a few months after the American occu- pation of the island. The comforting thing about them is that the sugar crop, the principal wealth of the island, depends upon these storms for its con- tinuance, as truly as do the crops of the Nile Valley upon the annual over- flow of that river. Sugar is only grown upon the low- lying lands skirting the mountainous interior of the island, and the “tor- mentas,” as they are called, are the periodical fertilizers of the sugar lands. After each, there is a gradual decrease in the value of the crop till some beneficent saint_intervenes and agail brings bounty. The next five vears much more than make up for the pres- ent sugar loss With the other crops the condition is different, for they are all grown on the high lands, which are rohbed rather than donated to by the iropical storms The present citrus fruit crop is proba- bly ruined. The coffee crop may also be ruined, and if the shade trecs under which coffee is grown in Porto Rico are | felled, it will prove a veritable calamity {to the coffee growers, as it takes years to replace them. Much of the tobacco crop can probably be saved. But the most comforting thing of all to me is | the eage with which the poorer classes | throughout the interior of the island | will replace their lost shelter. |~ Current newspaper reports are to the | effect that 700,000 inhabitants of the |islands are houseless. Granting that | this may be an overestimate, it 4s surely {a serious situation. Yet it is but a | miner problem compared with what it would be for us or for any people out of the tropics. The huts of the moun- tain peoples (jibaros) are of such a character that they can for the most part be replaced so as to furnish the necessary shelter by their own occu- pants and with little or no_cost, except that of their own labor. I presume a large majority of those dehoused by last week's storm belong to this class ja | a this class of dwellings is 50 per cent complete at this writing. Personally, I doubt if the more stable manposteria type of residence has suffered seriously. Some $150,000 worth of schoolhous of this type were built under my gen- eral direction and I have confidence that they are still standing. The food problem, too, scems to me to nave some encouraging features. One of the staples is a group of root- plants which can hardly have been damaged by the storm. Another is the platano, an oversized banana, which is caten cooked only. Even though the plants are down, the fruit would be good for some time and would tide over to a considerable extent till the food ships now en route arrive. Conditions on the island are surcly bad enough and nothing should bs left undone at this end to alleviate the suf- fering. Yet there is a little silver to each black cloud. \ EDWIN G. DEXTER, | Former Commissioner of Education for Porto Rico. .o Assails Use of Dogs At Edgewood Arsenal To_the Editor of The Star: i I have read a letter in your issue of September 3, by Kate Edmonds, regard- ing the vivisection of amimals at the Edgewood Arsenal. A few years ago there was quite a stir over these atroci- ties and Congressman Albert Johnson, who was captain of chemical warfare during the World War, made the state- ment that the animal experimentation (vivisection) done at that place was un- necessary. I am as good an American as any one, but I am ashamed when I think of the commercialized horrors be- ing carried on under the protection of Old Glory. One paper says done to save “mothers’ son: knows this? And how about the count- less lives that were saved by dogs during the World War, “mothers’ sons,” too? | We understand that those who get dogs from the Washington pound are re- quired to sign a paper agre2ing not to have them used for vivisection, though they are handed over to the Edgewnod Arsenal offices for that purpose. Have we one set of laws for Army officers and another for civilians? The doctor representing the District Health Department is quoted as saying the dogs have to be disposed of at any rate. Such sentiments are only to be expected from this department. Perhaps we have wars because the men must be disposed of at any rate. Many will appreciate your publishing letters on this subject and we hope to see many more people like Kate Ed- monds and Gustav Stryker. LENORA B. SIMPKINS. e And No Red Schoolhouse. From the Olean Herald. ‘The danger in electing a town-born President is that historical societies will have too many apartment houses to preserve. | —.— A Man’s Job. From the Detroit News. It's got so a fellow might just as well give up work entirely if he expects to keep up with the detective fiction. R e R i Here's a Riddle. From the Omaha World-Herald. As we understand it, what the Izaak Walton League proposes is that we shoot fewer birds so that there will be more birds to shoot. _— mercial interests in protecting a:l Americd against unequal foreign com- petition, and maintaining American wages and standards, North and Souti. For the last eight years the Southern Tariff Association, with headquarters in New Orleans. has been actively ad- vocating the protective principle. What an evolution from the platform of 1856, which demanded “free trade through- out the world”; or 1876, which de- nounced all protection as “a master- piece of injustice” and demanded “tariT for revenue only!" Even so late as 1912 the Democratic platform aeclarei it “to be a fundamental principle * * * that the Federal Government has no right or power to impose and collect tariff duties.” Note the difference in 1924, when the Democratic platform favored a tax on “commodities * * * that will promote effective competition. protect against monopoly and * ¢ * produce a fair revenue.” Protection ad- vocated! So the “Solid South” is becoming mollified into a less degree of “solidity,” even to adjusting its form to protection * K Kok What has the South to protect? In 1879 the value of its manufactures was $202,645,000; in 1925 it was $4,535,222.- 000. In 1879 its industrial wage earn- ers numbered 213,540; in 1925 they were 838,834, The population of the South has more than doubled since the census of 1880. It is no longer only a “section” (except to local political bosses). It is no longer so “solid” that new blood cannot flow through it. And the North is glad to see its increasing prosperity. even glad from a selfish, commercial standpoint, for a prosperous neighbor | Eastern is a better customer, and a better neighbor, than the other kind. (Cooyrixht. 1928, by Paul V. Collins.) and I will wager that reconstruction of | Stop a minute and think about this fact. You can ask our Information Bureau any question of fact and get the answer back in a personal letter. It is a great educational idea intro- duced into the lives of the most in- telligent people in the world—Ameri- can newspaper readers, It is a part of that best purpose of a newspaper— service. There is no charge except 2 cents in coin or stamps for return postage. Get the habit of asking ques- tions. Address your letter to The Eve- ning Star Information Bureau, Frederic J. Haskin, Director. Washington, D. C. Q. Which of the Presidents were Masons?—C. G. A. Presidents who have been Masons are: George Washington, James Mon- roe, Andrew Jackson, James Knox Polk, James Buchanan, Andrew Johnson, James Abram Garfield, William Mc- Kinley. Theodore Roosevelt, William Howard Taft and Warren Gamaliel Harding. Q. What causes ceiving?—H. W. R. A. The Loomis JRadio College says that fading is still’ the subject of ad- vanced scientific research. The ioniza- tion of upper strata of atmosphere is believed to have something to do with it, but actual facts are not available. Q. What is the largest horse ever known?—C. ‘A. S. A. The largest horse ever known is said to be the Equis giganticus, the | skeleton of which was found in Texas in 1903. From the animal’s teeth it was estimated that the horse would have measured 18 hands. The weight was not estimated. A Percheron horse in France was known to be 17': hands and weighed over 2,200 pounds. Q. What is the Femina Vie Heu- reuse Prize?>—-H G. G. A. The Publishers’ Weekly says: “The French Femina Vie Heureuse Prize of 5,000 francs is awarded annu- ally on the same day as the Goncourt Prize. It is offered conjointly by the Femina, a magazine much like the American Vogue, and the Vie Heu- reuse, another French monthly periodi- cal, to the best work of imagination in the French language, prose or poetry, by a man or woman. The unique thing about this prize is that the jury of award is made up entirely of French women writers.” Q. Must one register periodically in order to vote in Maryland?—A. F. M. A. Registration in Maryland is per- manent, with the exception of the city of Baltimore, in which registration is required every two years. Q. What became of the first light- house on Minot's Ledge, near Boston?— A. The first lighthouse on this reef was erected in 1847. Iron piles, 12 inches thick, were driven into the rock and bound with wrought-iron bands. Four years atter the lighthouse was built it was carried away by a storm. A year later work was begun on a new lighthoyse. This was seven years in the process of construction. fading in radio re- Q. How many States require exami- nation of airplane pilots and planes?— B. T. "A.Fifteen States require such exami- nation. Q. Are accidental falls the cause of a great number of deaths?>—P. E. A. In 1926 there were 14,681 deaths due to accidental falls in the registra- tion area in Continental United States. Q. Which of our Presidents was-the greatest base ball enthusiast?—S. N. E. A. This is a matter of opinion. Ail of the Presidents of this century have enjoyed base ball games. Of the Presi- dents preceding them, Garfield perhaps was particularly known because of his Is Credited The Western railroads and their em- ployes seem to have passed another milestone in their path to peace accord- ing to the press review of progress to date. Editors commend especially the Federal Board of Mediation. for its part in the matter, and there are suggestions that similar results might be attained in the coal industry. “Again it has been demonstrated that there is always a way to settle indus- trial disputes on a basis fair to all con- cerned,” according to the New York Evening Post, which says of the law under which the board acted: “It was framed in accordance with the wishes of the railway brotherhoods, which wel- comed a plan that would invest the findings of mediators or arbitrators with the force of judicial decisions, and the failure of the machinery to function in this instance would have had a most unfortunate effect. Since its passage two years ago, this act has operated to adjust several difficulties between rail- roads and their employes. In some cases mediation sufficed. In others it was necessary to resort to the more elaborate plan of arbitration. But all questions of wages and working condi- tions were satisfactorily adjusted.” “Congress ought to be impressed by the success of its own creature, this rail board,” in the opinion of the Mil- waukee Journal, “and it ought to look again upon the coal fields, where the marks of violence still are plain, where suffering and money loss still grip an industry and its men and women. Con- gress should create another board to ar- bitrate future disputes in this major industry of coal, certain that, what- ever arbitration cannot accomplish. it vet can accomplish more than bombs, guns, yellow paint, unfair court in- Junctions and unyielding bitterness." L s “It is unfortunate that Congress has not yet found a way to cope with the problem of the coal industry as effec- tively as it has dealt with the trans- portation problem,” is also the conclu- sion of the Kalamazoo Gazette, as it looks upon the Western situation. That paper directs attention to the statement of Samuel E. Winslow, chairman of the Board of Mediation, that “a remark- able change has taken place in the spirit of labor's controversies, makes the comment: “In its compara- tively brief period of existence the railroad mediation plan has proven its worth, It has demonstrated the ability of reason, properly directed, to triumph over the difficulties of conflicting view- points. * * * There is no doubt that the institution of which Mr. Winslow is the head has greatly reduced the likelihood of a deadlock sufficiently firm to cause a general paralysis of the Nation’s rail transportation system.” “Mind has triumphed over matter,” declares the Dayton Daily News, with recognition of the fact that “the new system for adjusting disputes between the railroads and their employes seems now to have met successfully the most serious test to which it has been put.” The significance of the developments appears to the Chattanooga Times to mean “that possible serious interrup- tion of transportation and heavy finan- cial loss to the railroads, their work- ers and the country generally have been avoided. After the nation-wide railroad strike of several years ago nobody wants another affecting even part of the country. Moreover, an- other strike would undoubtedly indicate rather poor industrial statesmanship on the part of somebody,” thi the ‘Times. “Another victory for the new rail- road labor law" 1s suggested by the Williamsport Sun, which feels that the law “has been getting a real test in ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC ]. HASK interest in the game. Games were held on the White House grounds and the Marine Band played for them. Q. What were some of the names suggested for the vehicle that is called the “automobile"?—C. C. E. A. Originally it was known as the horseless carriage. Up to 1899 a num- ber of names were proposed and rejected for the new invention. Some of thela were as follows: Carleck, electromobile, gasmobile, auto carriage, autovic, loco- motive, cabine, victorine, ipsomotor, sineque, autogo, kineter and autokinet. Q. How hot do the sands of the Sa- hara get?—J. H. A. At times the sands of this desert are as hot as boiling water. Q. How much blood does the heart pump in a given time?—W. V. A. It is only recently that physiciaas have finally succeeded in measuring the output of the human heart. Experi- ments show that the heart pumps 5! quarts through the human body every minute. Q. Has Mme. Schumann-Heink a son in the movies?—C. A. A. One of her sons had a rol “Four Sons” and in “Hell's Angels. Q. What is the exact location of the ozone belt in Louisiana?—U. B. A. The Weather Bureau says there is no ozone belt in Louisiana or anywhers else, in the sense of a region where tha atmosphere contains an appreciable amount of ozone. Q. Does the Army insist that passen« gers taken up in Army planes wear parachutes?—M. A. C. A. Army Air Corps rules require that all passengers flying in Army planes must wear parachi in Q. How many private ships were sent out of Salem. Mass., in support of the Revolutionary cause?>—H. H. A. One hundred and fifty-eight pri- vateers or ships of war were sent out of Salem. They were owned and equip- ped by private individuals, not by the Government. Thes> privateers cap- tured nearly 450 English vessels. stitutes ‘British West e Included in this general term are the colony and protectorate of Nigeria, the Gambia colony and pro- tectorate, the Gold Coast colony and Sierra Leone. Parts of the Cameroons ang Togoland are now included as man- dated territories. Q. What is the oldest library in the State of Virginia?>—W. H. S. A. The Virginia Historical Society says that the library of William and Mary College is the oldest existing library in the State. Q. Give the percentage of right- ;Alanged and left-handed persons.— ‘A Ninety-six per cent are said to be born right-handed and about 4 per cent left-handed. Q. Please give some data about the Federal Industrial Institution for Women that is being built at Alderson, W. va—C. M. T. A. This is a Federal industrial in- stitution for women who are serving or would serve sentences in various penal institutions when they could be incarcerated for violation of Federal statutes. Facilities are being provided for 200 inmates of ail ages. According to the plans embodied in this report the inmates are to be given a thorough domestic science education. Sewing, codking, waiting om table and chamber- maid work are among the occupations that will be taught. The idea is that when they are released from the in- stitution they will have sufficient train- ing to guarantee them an honest liveli- hood. 'Progress in Rail Labor Case to Better Spirit less prosperous than those of other sections. To further complicate the situation, security holders of certain Western lines have petitioned the In- terstate Commerce Commission for higher freight rates in this territory, contending that the earnings of this group of carriers have not been up to the standard of the country as a whole. Quite naturally, also, employes of the Western roads feel they are entitled to the same rate of pay given for similar ‘work elsewhere.” * koK % Recording the fact that “the public was never greatly alarmed,” the In- dianapolis News adds: “This is not to imply that a walkout of the conductors and trainmen would have been without serious effect. That goes without say- ing, since 98 out of every 100 workers on the fourscore railroads would have been included. The explanation of public serenity can be traced to the knowledge that labor and capital un- derstand better than formerly that ex- tremism generally defeats itself and causes financial loss to all concerned. The public counted on a realization of the fact to make for moderation in the end and thus facilitate a settle- ment.” “The public has learned,” contends the Long Beach Press-Telegram, “to look upon .the various orders of train- men as given to conservative thinking and deliberative action. It was not generally believed that business served by 98 per cent of the railroad mileage west of Chicago would be disrupted by these workers if it were possible to find an honorable way to prevent such a disaster. * * * The service- ability of the Federal Board of Media- tion s another development of this controversy that gives cause for con- gratulation.” The issue of the total number of employes is mentioned by the Muncie Star, which presents that phase of the situation: “The locomotives developed in recent years are so powerful that trains have been made heavier and one engine is used in a much longer haul than formerly. This has reduced the number of train crews necessary and decreased the number of working hours. * * * The railroads feel that the higher wages scarcely would be justified if arbitrary limits were im- posed on the size of trains.” UNITED STATES N WORLD WAR Ten Years Ago Today. Eight-billion-dollar revenu: bill by House of Representatives today by a vote of 350 to 0, amid cheers and ap- plause, and now goes to Senate. Unani- mous approval given as politics is cast aside. * ¢ * American guns continue to shell the fortresses of Metz but spare the city itself. * * * Field Mar- shal Haig's forces, pushing enemy back. regains Moeuvres and_a new advance in Flanders gives the British more ter- ritory near La Bassee. * * * French operating against St. Quentin continue :holr le\r;velopmgd movement by captur- ng Essigny and repulsing strong at- tacks north of Alle}’nonm' o8 n. | Allenby resumes his drive in Palestine and sends the lon; . * * * In Macedonia the Serbians have extended their front to a width of 25 miles and have cap- tured 10,000 Bulgarians in a single day. this dispute,” and the St. Joseph News- Press also sees “a severe test” for this understanding were formidable indeed. and Southern lines, increases tof4 the war the In carriers have been, 2 clearinghospiial i} m';"‘g"""omun""“ a shell. icers claim the de- law, “for obstacles in the way of an|liberately aim marked with h continues | a field of white. * that paper, t‘were able to grant pay|and ir employes, but since ” day: 05 kil i aetion: wounded and 108 missing.