Evening Star Newspaper, September 9, 1928, Page 27

Fourteen Countries Have Already Ac-| THE SUNDAY 8 cepted Invitations to Arbilration Meeting Here in December. BY WILLIAM RUFUS SCOTT. ACING Secretary Kellogg upon his return tomorrow on finish before the pres fstration expires on next March 4—the successful cenclusion of the interna- tional conference on arbiiration and conciliation, to b2gin December 10 in th~ Fan-American Union Building hers. | This conference is an outgrowth of the sivth pan-Americon _conferrnce. held last J>nuary and Pebruary in Havana. which was attended by Presi dent Coolidg>, Secretery Kellogg Charles Evans Hugh's and oth°r out- slanding A-aerican delegates. and at which time th» Prasident of the United | Etates wes suthorized to call within a year a conference in Washington to devise a treaty to outlaw war among the nations of North and South America. 14 Nations Have Joined. So far acceptances to the December eonference have be reccived by the Department of State from Salvador, Honduras, Costa Rica, Cuba, Peru, Ar~ gentina, Brazil, Ven-zuela, Paraguay, Colombia. Nicaragua, Bolivia and Ecua- dor. With the United States, the num- ber of acceptances thus is 14 out of a possible 21, and th> r-maininz nitions ere expected to reply favorab’y in short order, Canada is not a member of th> Pan- American Union. but a suggsstion re- cently has been made that Canada be invited to join, so as to make the par- ticipation in the Western Hemisphere embrace all nations. As Canada has ust enthusiastically signed ths Kel- ogg anti-war treaty in Paris. the pur-| poses of the forthcoming Washington conference are considered to be equally acceptable to Canada. 3 President Coolidge will open the De- cember conference with tha idea of erbitration as a substitute for war greatly enhanced bv the overwhelming success of the Kellogg trea More- over, Charles Evans Hughes, whose work at the Havana conference was so noteworthy. will enter the Dscember conference with his prestige alsn in- creased by election as a judge of the World Court. It is not understood here at present that this election will make any differ- ence in the position of Mr. Hughss as one of the two delegates of the United Btates, Mr. Kellogg being ths other delegate. To keep the conference from being too bulky it was proposed that each of the 21 republics s*nd only two delegates, although with »s m~ny assistants, no doubt, as any nation may | deem necessary. To Promote Arbitration. Since the aim of the Decomber con- ference is to promote arbitration, there is not disccrned anything in the con- ference which would affect Mr. Hughes in his role as a judge of th= World Court. The rules of the World Court provide that a judze cennot sit in any case in which h> has taken part as a lawyer or otherwise in a partis*n senss. S-cretary Kellogg will settle the point of Mr. Hughes' presnt eligibility as a €-legate to the December conferencs, if thare appears any need to make a desision. How long the conference onening in | D-cembar will last is not predictable new. But, as noted, the Kellogg univer- gal ~nti-war treaty hes paved the way for the regicnal American treaty with a thoroughness that should make for sneedy work hore two months from to- morrow. If this conference can finish its work in time for President Coolidge to submit a tresty, for the American nations, to the S-nete before he ends his term March 4, it will be a great gource of satisfaction both to him and Beevetary Kellogg The chance that the expected treaty may be submitted in time for ratifica- tion before March 4 is considersd e cellent, but there are always unforeseen contingencies that might prolong or obstruct a decision by the conference. It is known, however, that Secretary Kellegg will make supreme efforts to clean the 2mbitisus diplomatic slate the Leviathen from France will be the next big tast he hopss to| sent admin- | | Paris. but of th> pan-American traty. and nchievement of as much progre as Is practicable in the Nicaraguan and States is heavily committed. Th~ Mexicen situation continues to wark out satisfastorily, although th~ necsssity there of picking a new president leaves | the sitnation in thet respert lsss favor. #ble than it was prior tn the ssina- tion of President-elect Obregon. Dectrine May Be Issue, e disenussed at length hare in Dacambar | is not now apnmarent. But as the pra- | posed arbitration treaty iz lkslv to | cover as wide ground as the Kellour niversal pact it is within the ranee of | passibility that the doetrin> will ba | ana z2d with raference to po-sible dis- pu that mav aris> under it. Cos*y Tica recently brought the doctrine to the front bv asking the council of the League of Nations to define its s~ope, but the council declined to do thiz Af, Havana the scope of the Decoml conference here was defined broadv The subcommittee at Havana which handled the proposal for a conterenc~ began wifh a_unanimous deetaration against war. It resolved that “aqer sive warfare” is a crime against huma itv and that all conflicts between Ame-- | i~>n pa‘ions <honld be settl~d prace- 2b'r. Th-n the princinle of comnul- rhitratien was indors=d. ro: 3. ho er. dom-st'c questions and d's- | nutes affectiny the sovereignty and in- dependrnce of the contracting partiec and withhelding from arbitration mat- ters involving the interests or referrine | | to the actions of a nation not a party | to the convention. It is with the object of drafting = | treaty to make the foregoing object: effective that the Washington confer- ence was called. The eloauent speeches of Mr. Hughes at Havana smoothed down many criticisms and were rated as the createst single factor in the success of the conference. He would be greatls missed if for anv reason he could not finish the work there begun by attend- | ing the Washinzton conference as a drleaate. Mr. Hughes is due back in the United States from a Furonezn va- cation before the end of this month. Plans Go Forward. Preparations for the Washington con- ference have been going forward cees~- lessly during Secratary Kellogg's ab- sence in Europe. The sessions will be | held in the Hell of Nations of the Pen- American Union Building on Seven- teenth street. Dr. Leo S. Rowe, direc- tor genoral of the Pan-American Union, naturallv has a leading part in prepar- ine for the conference, and the work is woll in hand at this stage of the prapa- rations. While the program and agenda have not been announced, it is expected that President Coolidge will welcome the conference on December 10 and indi- cate broadly the hopes of the United States from its labors, and at the con- clusion of the conference he may say farewell to the delegates in a plonary s=ssion. A reception at the White Hous® is among the possibilities, and the socizl side of the conference will b2 important becaus® of the eminence of the delcgates and the significance f the gathering. ‘The burden of b2ing Lost to the con- ! ference will fall upon Secretary Kel- legg. though in the organization of the conference it remains for the delegates to select a presiding officer and other executives and assistants. Dr. James Brown Scott, secretary of the Carnegie Endowment for International or the Havana conference, pays this trib- uie to the work accomplished there last Winter: “The American Republics appear to have more in_common than they have differcnces. The workers in the field must indeed have been alert and active fo garner such a vast and promising harvest. The great outstanding feature is that the sixth conference met and adjourned with a promise of a seventh conference. and the friends of pan- Americanism have hope that the sav- enth will be but the next of an in- sei for himself, including not only the ratification of the treaty signed in Filling Heo (Continued from First Page.) #clected Chepin as its candidate for State treasurer. It was a great honor end it paved the way for a successful banking career in Boston. However, this left th» Whiting or- ganization without a candidate. Almcst everybody in the city thought he should run himself. but he thought otherwise. It was not modesty nor bashfulness which induced Mr. Whiting to refuse to run for office. He simply was not “in- terested.” Running the paper mill was 2 great game to him, but sitting in a State Legislature or even in Congross Rever appealed. About the time that Mr. Whiting, so emphatically as to convey finslity, re- fused to run for Congress, he again | crossed the path of a fellow alumnus | from Amherst who was beginning to emount to something in the sister city of Northampton. Calvin Coolidge ‘en- tered Amherst five years after W _F. Whiting had received his degree. But Whiting had never lost touch with %'s #'ma mater and he first met the sandy- haired Vermonter on the camous when the latter was an undergraduate. Cool- idge had been admitted to the bar, had #erved in the city council and had gone to the Legislature. Then he went home end got himself elected mayor. Had But Two Hobbies. The paper manufacturer from Holyoke had already developed one hobby—the improvement of the breed of white Leg- horn chickens. But he soon found enough snare time for anoth»r hobby— Calvin Coolidge. The hobbies were properlv introduced to each other, for the Whiting farm was on the Northamp- ton road. and they often met there. It iz recorded that at one of those mest- | ings th> wealthv manufacturer shocked | his young friend. Mr. Whiting experimented with white Leghorns not to make money, for they cost him hundreds of dollars a vear, and not for the blue ribbons which he regu- larly brought home from the poultry shows. He liked them because they wera beautiful to lnok at. Although he has looked upon the scenic wonders of the New World and the Old. there is noth- ing more beautiful to him than a white Leghorn cockerel arching his graceful neck to the morning sun. He was ex- plaining this to Coolidge one day. “That bird there,” he said. pointing. “See the lines. Note that strut. Isn't he worth §5002" “What?" said the shocked Coolidge, with memories of the chickens on the Tocky farm at Plymouth. “She cost $500," said the proud owner, “First time,” remarked Coolidge, “I ever knew a chicken was worth more than 50 cents.” The friendship between the two men deepened as the years went by, and th> mayor of Northampton went back to the Statehouse to sit in the Senate and get his feet firmly planted on the Republican escalator. = Just how much Whiling helped him in those years will probably never be known. Whiting and Stearns. The records disclose that Whiting was working for Coolidge long before Frank definite series of confercnces of the | American States.” ver’s Shoes the more conservative. He looked no higher than the governorship. In 191§ Frank Stearns was insisting to the Massachusetts delegates to the Chicago convention that Lieut. Gov. Calvin Cool- idge would make a more formidable candidate for the presidency than Charles Evans Hughcs. It is known that Mr. Whiting stood | choulder to shoulder with Willlam M. | Butler and Arthur Chapin and other trusted advisers during the turmoil of the police strike. The unanimity of these friends that the governor was right probably strengthened the hand § that penned the historic lines: *You | cannot arbitrate the soveriegnity of ! Massachuetts. * * * There is no right | to strike against the public safety.” Just after that police strike William F. Whiting suddenly realized that Frank Stearns had been a prophet four years previously. They conferred, and one January day a new political headquar- ters opened in_Washington—"Coolidge for Presidcet.” The offices closed within the fortnignt. “I am not a candidate,” said the governor. His devotion carried him further. Dis- carding the rule of a lifetime, he be- came a candidate for office, 3s one of the delegates from the first district. Pledged to Calvin Coolidge! He kept that pledge. On the tenth ballot at Chizago, with Warren G. Harding al- ready nominated and States changing their votes to bring about unanimity, a single vote was cast for Coolidge. It came (mx| Whiting,. He was disap- pointed, dejected. But within a very few hours he was happy, for the same Coolidge suprisingly had become Hard- ing’s running mate, Defeats Prececent. Now there is an unwritten law in the first district that a man should serve as delegate only once. Mr. Whiting broke the tradition in 1924. Coolidge was again a candidate for President, and ' the good friend from Holyoke wished to be present in the hour of triumph. Mr. Whiting ran again, was elected and | proudly cast his vote for Coolidge at Cleveland. | Then in August of last year, in com- mon with other admirers of the Presi- | dent, he was shocked by the message which came from Rapid City. He never | doubted for a moment that Calvin Cool- | idge meant what he said, but as| Autumn passed into Winter, and the belief arose that a demand from the party could not bs refused, Mr. Whiting became a leader in the move- ment to draft the President. Early in the year he announced that for a third time he would be a candidate for delegate. This was almost too much for some ambitious gentlemen in the first district who had been waiting around for eight years. But he was elected, and he traveled to Kansas City, issuing no statements, but conveying to everybody by that set look on his face what his course would be. He arrived the night before the con- vention opened. That was the night, it will be recalled. when Mr. Butler and Mr. Mellon and the other “drafters” surrendered. They passed out the word on which the big delegations from New York. Pennsylvania and Massachusetts fell in with the great Hoover under- Btearns knew that a certain state Sen- ator knew the words and music of “Lord Jefirey Amherst.” But Mr. Whiting was zwell. But Mr. Whiting did not give up hape on Monday night, or on Tues- day night, or on \l&dnesdny night. i Chinrse situations wherein ths United Whether the Monroe Dactrine iz to | Poaoe | that Ramsay MacDonald has fairly re- and one of the American declegates to | covered his old-time influence in the 1 1 i HYsNY-(ON, D. C., SEPTEMBER 9, 1928—PART 2. HE PICTURESQUE Canton—our first in Congress as consul in official bid for trade area. From that time cn through the epic ‘sea years” of our national hisiory ai the opening of the nineteenth ceniury befors the great westward march of our civilization had been launched in volum> across the continent, through ch successive siage of our economic advance, that trade has steadily and surely and elways with he atmosphere of picturesque fantas) It figured as one oi i major rea- ns for the vigorous defense of our merchant marin» rights in the War of 1812. It had a larg> part in the suildirg up ef such famous fortunes as those of Stephen Girard of Philadel- phia, Elias Dorby of Salem and many sther morchant princes of that gilden 2ge of the clipper ship. It was partly accountable for those way-station sup- BY JULIUS KLEIN, Director of the Bureau of Foreizn and | Domestic Commerce of the Depariment of Commerce. IW, if eny aspects of our entire commercial history have been more picturesque, more strik: ingly fantastic than our inie changcs with “far Cathay. The romence of it scems to be peren- nial. Indeed, its often dramatic quali- ties were never more clearly empha- sized than in th> episode so conspicu- susly featured in the press a short time >go, when with one sudden stroke our Government, through a tariff agre: ment, in effect exiended de facto recog- nition to the new nationalistic regime in China. Our China trade is as old as our re- public. In fact, it s*ems to have had its definite beginnings with the very birth of our Nation. In 1783 our first trading vess2l visited Canton. the one Chinese port then open to foreign ves- s2ls, Mei. Shaw, i's supereargo, hs!d i a commission from the Centinen‘al BY HENRY W. BUNN. HE following is a brief summary of the most important news of the world for the seven days ended Septembe- 8: R T The British Empire.—We are assured counszls of labor, for a time seriously threatened. Oxford and Cambridge are to have an air meet in the Spring of 1929. One expects aerial competitions between British and American uni- versities ere many years. Sir Alfred Mond, an English Jew, head of Imperial Chemicals, Ltd., one of the most notable of the world's captains of business, has been created Lord Melchett. Of late there has been a recrudescence of dakoity in British India, and the British and native authorities have been aroused to determined co-operative effort to rid out at last the unspeakable curse, * ok k% Germany.—On September 1, the first “standard Dawes year” began, the fifth year since institution of the Dawes plan. It will be recalled that the plan presented a schedule of annuities grad- vated through four years up to a “standard” annuity = of 2,500,000.000 marks, or approximately the equivalent of $625,000,000, payable by the German government into the hands of the allied agent general for reparations. This standard annuity is to continue through- out the life of the plan; half ($312,500,- 000) to be contributed by the ordinary budget, $165,000,000 by the railways as interest and sinking fund payments on railway bonds, $75,000,000 by miscel- laneous industry as interest and sinking fund payments on industrial debentures, and $72,500,000 by a transport tax. The Dawes plan was ingeniously con- trived to furnish a test of German “capacity to pay” (ie. reparations), the expression “capacity to pay” em- bracing German ability to find the marks payable to the agent general | without dislocation to the German domestic economy, and embracing as well German ability to furnish to the agent general, without jeopardy to the German currency. the foreign exchange required by him for his transfer operations. Hitherto German capacity to pay has proved adequate under both heads, | and as to German abiiity to find the marks for the larger “standard” an- nuity there can be no question. Almost since institution of the Dawes plan the yield of revenues earmarked for repa- rations has very remar" the “standar Almost to the very hour when the presi- dential ballot bsgan he was still in- flexible in his Intention to end his third convention by voting for the same man as at his first. In the end, however, his loyalty to the President and to the Re- publican party, and his deep respect for Secretary Hoover conquered his stubborness, "He yielded and the Presi- dent’s State went solidly for the man who was regarded as the President's real choice. Summoned to Brule. Mr. Whiting sailed away for Europe not lng after that. The end of tho Coolidge era was in sight, and that to him meant the end of active polities Many times in the past he had refused offers of important office in the Gov- ernment. He had no anticipation that any other offers would be forthcoming. But when he landed in New York ir mid-August, he learned the Summer White House had sent an imperative message. Mr. Whiting responded. On the banks of the Brule he was asked to bring his business experience, the quali- fications which have made him one of the most successful manufacturers in New England, to the most important business job in the whole Government. And because he was “interested” he ac- cepted. The country is going to watch this man who has stepped into one of the biggest pairs of shoes in Washington But the best guarantee that none of the great accomplishments of sevea Secretary Whiting’s own words “I though T was familiar with Mr Hoover's work.” he said in his first press conference. “Now, after only A few hours, T marvel at the things that years will be nullified is contained ln| ply posts, the scattered s~ttlements of Americans on the coast of California in the early Spanish and Mexican davs. They were the van‘uresome pionsers croakers have predicted a crisis in re- spect of foreign exchangs with the rise of the annuity from the 1,750.000,000 marks of the fourth Dawes year to the 2,500,000.000 of the standard Dawes year, voicing doubt that foreign ex- change in the total required will be availab.e to the agent general for repa- rations, considering the exchange re- quirements for service of foreign loans and for ordinary commercial purposes. Need Foreign Loans. Of course, full satisfaction of Ger- many's requirements in respect of foreign exchange (and they must be fully satisfied, else all the fat will soon be in the fire) presupposes continuance of foreign loans (to come chiefly from the United States) up to the time of conversion of the adverse foreign trade balance into a sizable favorable bal- ance. Well. then, is Germany's credit adequate to procurement of th» fore loans needed to supply her deficien of foreign exchange during the comi vear.and on to the turn of the tide— that is, in respect of the foreign trade balance? The question. of course, can- not be discussed here, but I think it is permitted to sav that the omens are definitely favorable. ‘There is a pretty general agresment that the total of Germany's ofigations to the allies should be formally fixed. There is a general imprassion that the Dawes plan did not indicate any term to the annuitics, but this impression is incorrect. In this writer's opinion the plan very approximately fixed a maxi- mum for th> German obligations. It provided that the railway and industrial bonds should run to 1964, when they would be fully retired by operation of the sinking funds. To be sure, it did not in set terms state how long the (standard) annual charge of $312.,500,- 000 on the GGerman budget and the annual transport tax contribution of $72,500,000 should run. But I agree with Mr. Auld (who, as accountant general of the reparations commission 1920-24, is peculiary quali- fied to speak to the matter) that it is an inference not properly to he gainsaid from certain language in the Dawes plan instrument that the Dawes com- mittee contemplated that these charges should run for 25 years only; that, by NTIL a few weeks ago a friend of mine held an important executive po- sition in one of the larg- est industr Having pushed up from the bottom and being only 42, he was regarded as the natural successor to the presi- dent. To the surprise of his asso- ciates, he resigned his position and accepted a professorship in the college from which he was graduated just 20 years ago. He took this step because he likes young men and believes he can make his life count for a great deal among them—also becauss he prefers to raise his own sons in the wholesome atmosphere of a college town rather than in New York. Men who know my friendskip for him have called up to make the following excited inquiries: “What's the matter with Jo | thought he had a good thing with the Smitherton people.” “Heard about Joe? Did the Smithertons let him out? He surely wouldn't be so crazy as to give up a big salary.” “What's Joe thinking about, anyway? There's no future in the teaching business. Hew does he figure he's bettering himself?” More discerning friends have appreciated his motives and con- gratulated him, sometimes with a touch of envy. But the general man has done.” And those other sig- nificant words: “My policies will b Mr. Hoover’s policies.” run of eamment is discouraging. Apparentiy the average Ameri- (Copyrig! that far-off | mounted | m | OLD CHINA, WHICH IS PASSING INTO HISTORY. |who blocked the southward Russian ag- gression from Alaska, and in that con- nection had much to do with the dec- laration of the Monroe Doctrine in 1323. Their interests were among the lures that lod Fremont on his daring expedi- tion. the culmination of which was the acquisition of the great coasial empire. From the very beginnings the China de has enjoyed the speeial solicita- ns of our Government. It was greatly mulated and regularized by the col mercial treaty with China of 1844, which expanded our trade contracts to five poris, in addition to Canton. In 1863 12 pratentious Chinese delegation visited | Washirgion and ncgotiated a new com- | mercial understanding between the two | overnments. Then followed a succes- | sien of various revisions culminating in John H1y's famous “ofen door” decla- ration in 1899, an immediate aftermath to th> acamsition of our foothold in the Ori»nt—th~ Philippine Islands. Th= treaty of 1903 came as the logi- cal sequence to this, and finally we hive the new historic document signed a fow |adopting the plan, the allied creditors in equity obligated themselves not to exact more than the total thus (how- ever indirectly) indicated, and that, by accep'ing the plan, Germany obligated herself to pay $625.000.000 (including $240.000,000 in ssrvice of th> bonds) annually for 25 years, and $240,000,000 in service of the bonds for an addi- tional 15 years (except that the an- nuiiy was mercifully graduated through an initial period of four years). Exact Sum Doubtful. All that is really uncertain, then (for one may be sure that the allies will not be found wanting in strictest equity), is the preciss amount of the present valus of the total obligation under- taken by Germany under the Dawes plan. Mr. Auld finds the “capital amount of the settlement” to be about nine billion dollars, which will probably be found a nearly correct computation. | One should not b> surprised to see ere long supersessibn of the Dawes plan by an arrangement implying an equivalent total German obligation (or somewhat less if, for reasons which may not be spread out here, the reparation creditors are consenting thereto), but free of the irritating feature of foreign supervision and the dubious feature of “transfar protection.” We may expect a very considerable new discussion of the Ger- man reparations question in thes near future; probably a cool, reasonable discussion, Max Liebermann, president of the Prussian Academy of Fine Arts and “last of the great German impression- ists,” looking over the annual exhibi- tion of the Prussian academy, notes with satisfaction *a general return to rationality, crazy notions no longer predominating,” and adds sagely: “Art must adapt ifself to and be an expres- sion of the spirit of the times. It was inevitable that the general upheaval brought about by the war should mani- fest itself by aberrations in art. But now that more stable conditions pre- vail, we are becoming reasonable again.” I Atbania.—When, on September 1 Ahmed Zogu rode from the presidential (now the royal) palace in Tirana to the Hall of Parliament to take the oath “Propity” ‘BY BRUCE BARTON. can simply cannot comprehend that anybody should want to do anything except for more money. It is an old fau!t with us. Humphrey Marshall, that talent- ed Southerner, visited Glasgow, Ky.. years ago and delivered a brilliant oration. A merchant of the community, hearing Mar- shall, registered his contemptu- ous dissent. “If he is such a smart man,” the merchant asked, “where is his money?" At about that same period a local passonger train, bearing two Vermont farmers, stopped at Concord, Mass. Looking out of the window and seeing the sign on the station, one of them remarked lazily: “I hear Mr. Emerson lives in this town.” “Ya-as,” drawled the other, “and | understand that in spite of his odd notions he is a man of con-sid-er-able propity.” The Emerson who could write great books, deliver stimulating lectures and set two continents to thinking was unimpressive. But ths Emerson who had accumu'ated “con-sid-er-able propity” was entitled to res 3 I like money. | hope to have more of it. But the common habit of measuring men by it, as though there were n> standard, makes me Some day when America grown a bit more mature the question, “What's he worth?” will not he answered entirely in terms of “propity.” 1928) ht, -|gate expressed a general view in his China Trade Magnet for U. S. Commerce With Far-Off Peoples Old as th> Republic—Future Opportunities Abound. (From a painting by Lucille Douglass). weeks g0, which opens a way to tariff autcnomy for the new regime. This comes as a fitting climax to the 17 years >f vast motamorphosis which has been stirring that ancient land to its very fcundations. It would seem as though, in the words of one of China's leaders, the period of military activity was end- ing and the phase of reconstruction hed definitely begun. Thizs new egreement, which is to be effective on January 1, or four months after ratification. means that for the first tim» since China en‘ored into for- n+al relations with a foreign nation, she shall have the iight, enjoyed by all sov- eign peoples, of levying such customs duiies as sha choos=s upon h-r incoming and oufgoing trade. It sheuld bs made clear at tho cutset, however, that this dozument in way sacrifices any Americen trade perogatives as against itors in the China trade. tacular leadership which our 2nt has taken in th's matter may in time b2 rated in the history of (Contintied on Fourth Page.) |to the newly revised constitution and | to receive the crown from th> constii~ uent assembly, the streets wera lined and the precious body soon to undergo royalization (which I take to b2 some | degrees higher than beatification, obut a soupcon below deification) was safe- guarded by Albanian and Italian troops, Zogu. first, twice swore fidelity to. th constitution, once on the Koran, and again on the B'ble, so as to sanctify the pledge in the eyes of all his people. His majesty is'a'Mohammedan, but he has pledged complets liberty of worship, and it is to b> observed that the | Albanians are well nigh unique among | the people of the earth for lack of re- liglous intolerance, and this despite their grand division into Mohammedans and | Christians, and the division of ths| };tl‘.’l‘ into orthodox and Roman Catio- cs. #25 sey United States.—Georgs Lott of Clll-‘ cego and Jjohn Hennessey of Indianap- olis won the national tennis doubles champlonship at Brookline, Mass.. in the most dashing style. To accomplish this satisfactory feat they had to beat two most redoubtable combinations, the Frenchmen. Cochet and Brugnon, and the Austrians, Patterson and Hawks, either of which combinations had generally been thought too much for them. There was something a little singular about the victory over the Frenchmen. On August 30, the Ameri- | can and French teams had each won two sets, and the third set stood at four all, when the match was stopped on account of rain. The next day the Americans utterly crushed the French- men, 6—1, 6—1, 6—2. On September 1 the Americans beat the Australians with the same case and by precisely the same scores. | We Americans are coming back. { At Wheaton, TI1, our amateur golfers | (Jones, Von Elm, Ouimet, Sweetser, | Johnston. Evans, Gunn and MacKenzie) | successfully defended the Walker Cup, | beating the challenging Britons (Per- | kins, Tweddell, Hezlet, Hopo, Storey. | Torrance, Hardman, Martin, Beck and | Maccallum), eleven matches to one, The one American defeat was that of Evans by Torrance. i The American polo team which is to | meet the redoubtable Argentine team has been selected as follows: W. Averell | Harriman, No. 1: Thomas Hitcheock. . (captain), No. 2; Malcom Stevenson, No. 3: J. Cheever Cowdin, back. The Ar- gentine team is made up as follows: A | Kenny, No. J. Nelson. No. 2; T.| Miles, No. 3; L. Lacey, back. Hok ok ok Geneva.—The ninth League Assembly opened on September 3, the Council be- ing already in session. far the Assembly session has lacked of excitement. A Swedish dele- | remarks as follows on the preparatory disarmament commission: “As the matter stands. the work of preparing a draft convention has not reached the stage enabling a date to be fixed for a general disarmament col ference. Yet no one ean but sully realize the danger if the preparatory commission does not achieve some definite results in the near future. Public opinion will be ready to conclude from such failure that disputes and rivalry still exist between governmenis in spite of the League covenant and Locarnn treaties and in spite even of the Kellogg pact.” Of course, the everlasting Polish- Lithuanian question came before the Council again. Premier Waldemaras of Lithuania had for some three hours been discoursing on the subject when a detachment of municipal police broke excitedly into the Hall of Council. For some tim= a strange roaring sound, ever gathering in volume, issuing from that quarter had disturbed the city author- itfes; whence the visit of the police. On being awakened, the Council, as of old, voted postponement of further consideration of thz Polish-Lithuanian Guestion to the next Council meeting. But if little has been accomplished in Assembly or Council sessions, there has | been _an activity “on the side” which may have important results. M. Briand, forcign minister of France, and Herr | Mueller, chancellor and acting foreign minister of Germany. both Council del- egates, have been in conversation con- cerning Franco-German relations—con- cerning the Rhineland occupation and reparations. These conversations are to be extended 1o include representatives of the other occupying powers. Matters Lrisked up somewhat in the ) '/RED GRIP LOST IN CHINA . AS TROTSKY PREDICTED Former Communist Leader, Now in Exile, Urged Strong Measures and Criticized Stalin’s Passive Plan. T He is in exile in Central Asia | activities were much greater in Ger- because he insisted upon criti- | many than suspected at the time. It izing the methods of his fellow Com- ! formed plan after plan for the uprising ‘nunists in respect to the revolution in|of the German proletariat. hina. Events have shown he knew At this time also the very men who vwipat he was talking about, but littl~ | had proved successful in Russia, Lenin, s0d has that done him. Stalin, in| Trotsky and Djerzinsky, were the chiefs ower in Moscow, has not sent him an | of the Communist councils and they apology nor invited him back. | worked out in detail the different ‘Trotsky said that the Komintern, the | “putsche” in Germany. There were so active arm of the Third Internationale. | many it was evident there was some- was not mixing in the Chinesz revolu- | thing going on under the surface. but tion with sufficient energy to get it | it is only through the split in the Com- anywhere. Aided by the even more con- | munist parties in Germany. France and vincing orator, Zinoviev, he tried to tell | elseswhere following the split in Russia, the executive committee of the Com- | that some of the details of the Kome munist party it must throw all its| intern’s plans have leaked out. weight and fortune into supporting th= Take the year 1923. Those .. nave | Chinese coolies so they would overrun | followed the Communist activities close- |the Kuomintang, the Chinecse national- | Iy realize that this was the last year ist organization, and change the revo- | there were any important Communist lution Sun Yat Sen started into a bol- | uprisings in Europe. but the rest of the shevik movement. ‘wnrld cannot imagine the bitterness The Komintern, instead, let the Chi- | which the mere thought of that year jnese run their own revolution. It is|arouses in all the old guard of Com- true it went ahead in China as if it | munists. For it marked the end of their were going to turn the Kuomintang into | hopes to being on a world revolution, a Soviet organization, but it had only | starting with Europe. one agent of its own. Borodin. on the | They tuined away, after that year, in | job. Trotsky, Zinoviev and the others | disgust. and having nevertheless a con- of the opposition warned their fellows | siderable resiliency, or they would never they would never win China to bolshe- | have been revolutionists, they set thejr vism that wa: \lh}:-ansd on cngu:fi N:w cgu:’u! has Jet Chinese Tricked Borodin. em down and they have had to accept the bitter knowl 2 W - The wily members of the Kuomin- | rNiedES talte worid fae olutie A B e o tang let Borodin think China was going | ition is off, at least for this geners. ROTSKY was right. The Com- | Germany was the chief, the almost ab- munists have lost out in China | sorbing preoccupation of the Commu- as he said they would. nists in Moscow from 1919 to 1922. Its tion. bolshevik. As long as the Russian Com- munists wete useful to them they used them. Trotsky realized now they were bemng used and feared the end would be what it is. The Russian Communists were also a considerable aid to the Chinese na- tionalists. Karakhan, the Soviet, Am- bassador in Peking. intrigued for several years among the Chinese war lords and sapped their strength. The Kuomintang gained in proportion. Then Chinese Communists. educated in Moscow, worked up the spirit of in- surrection in South China in a way the members of the Kuomintang had never succeeded in doing. At the same time | other Chinese Communists, educated in { Moscow, undermined fhe power of Chang-Tso-Lin in the north. Finally last year the Chinese Com- | munists directed by Borodin and his | group organized one coolie demonstra- tion after another in Canton, Shanghai, Nanking and Hankow. It looked even as if they were getting control of the Kuomintang, especially when the Soviet and Kuomintang flags were joined and the demonstrators carried the photo- graph of Lenin with that of Sun Yat S en. But that only went es far as it was useful to the Chinese nationalists. It was Trotsky's idea that the Chinese nationalists, when this moment came, were' to b2 rushed off their feet by a proletarian mass which would set up the dictatorship of the p-oletariat in Canton or Nanking and so face the bourgeois world with a double Soviet state of 500,000,000 people. Trotsky had in mind the formula of Lenin, to use nationalist movements to work up the proletariat to revolutionary heat, then overwhelm the nationalists with the weight of the working masszs. Let Opportunity Slip. To be successful, Moscow should have poured agitators and money into Cliina. When the Soviet legation in Peking wes | raided it should have broken off with | the Peking government and penetrated | into every corner of China ‘with its bol- | shevik propaganda. It did not do so. { It let the Kuomintang slip out of its grasp. It took the raiding of its Pe- king legation mildly. It was. to ths disgust of the exiled opposition, soft and_ineffective. Whether Trotsky could have turned China bolshevik is another matter, Sta- lin's method was certainly not suffi- ciently energetic to do it. ‘The Third Internationale is too dis- gusted with China to discuss why it failed. It put in five years preparing for what it believed would be the bol- shevik revolution of China, and finds that all it has done is to aid the Chi- | nese nationalists, the Kuomintang, the bourgeo’s of China, get control. Of the two big deceptions of the Third Internationale this is perhaps the worst. At least it is its second, and has added that much of lost endeavor to its other great failure, Germany. It had high hopes of Germany. In fact, it set its hopes of world revolu- tion on Germany. In that world apart. of_revolutionists, it _is now_revealed. Assembly with the speechmaking of the 7th: but I take it that those speches though of considerable rhetorical vigor, were not practically of great . impor- tance. Chancellor Mucller's speech might seem 10 have been confectsd for German consumption. ® % % Notes.—The bicycle is the favorite ve- hicle in Holland. There is one bicycle to every two and one-half persons. On September 1, at the little town of Campigny on the Meuse, Premier Poin- care of France gave a luncheon to his cabinet colleagues to celebrate the sec- | ond anniversary of the induction into office of his government of national union. On the day following this pleasant affair Maurice Bokanowski. the very distinguished French minister of commerce and aviation, was killed in an airplane crash. ‘Wearing of the turban in Persia has been abolished by decree. The Persians are going in for tweed caps. The Anglo-American jury system will be in- stituted in Japan this Fall. On August 31 the cable ship Dominia of the Telegraph Construction & Main- tenance Co. of London, at the end of | six days' work, completed the laying of the new Western Union cable between Bay Roberts, Newfoundland, and Horta, Fayalisland, one of the Azores. The cable is the finest ever laid and will carry four messages simultaneously in each direction. All doubt of mortal disaster to Capt. Gllband, Capt. Amundsen and their four planemates, while en route from Tromsoe, Norway, in the Latham “to the aid of the Italia's castaways, has been dissipated by thd discovery at Tromsoe of one of the Latham’s pontoons, which had evidently been violently wrenched away from the plane body. Apparently the Latham was on July 18 forced down somewhere between Tromsoe and Bear Island. Flow of ‘Arl Exi)on;ts Arouses Italians | The steady flow of Italian furniture, | doorways, windows and even ceilings to the United States meets with ill-favor among strongly nationalistic Italians, who resent the disappearance of any- thing indicative of TItalian achieve- ment. Forty art collectors in Trieste have formed a syndicate to “safeguard | Italy's artistic patrimony and prevent its exportation abroad” Similar syn- dicates are to be founded in other cities. The removal of ceilings of fa- mous old Italian homes to some Ameri- can plutocrat’s mansion amazes the Italians. The Italian practice of plac- g a decorated ceiling on a false framework over the face of the actual | ceiling makes it possible to remove the decorated one without destroying the building. Ceilings bring a good price, but they will stay where they were put by medieval craftsmen if the patriots have their way. Perhaps a com- promise will be found by developing craftsmen capable of reproducing ancient ceilings as ancient furniture 1s now reproduced with striking faith- tulness and skill. seaplane , Germany and Russia. Germany had to stand the shock of the most violent moments of their rev- clutionary egargy. but. as far as 1 know, no one %as ever taken the trouble to calculate the trouble caused by Ger- many during the four years they tried to turn it into a sister Soviet state. But even the superficial record shows a for- midable list of lost endeavors—a Hst that is worth summarizing at this time when the Third Internationale is suf- fering its second big defeat. Its first effort was the Spartikist {:;‘méement. sgorgy after the revolution at pi Zed the armistice and 2 the war. It began Is——.. S and lasted until January 12, 1919. Communists, tikists, tried 1718, The !cnlllngt then}]’selves Spar- 0 capture the tempor; Social Democrat government Ehel?! lll:dy Scheidemann had establishsd and 500 iPeople t;\“le;‘e gflled. mostly in Berlin, be- fore rst ) “putsch” ‘I!llflfl. partikist “puts: February and March occurred the Communist uprisings in the Ruhr and Saxony. In March the city of Berlin was divided info two armed camps. Koenigsberg also had a Comm uprising. - There was real danger of Germany going Bolshevik and there were local struggles throughout the country. . This period, known as the second Zpartikist llv;%of 1,2:)0 more. « e next month, April, brought the ~Soviet republics™ u? Munlc%h I‘l’:fl Braunschwelg, _simultaneously with Bela Kua's in Budapest. For a third time it looked as if Germany might go red, but the Communists were dsfeated after bloody street fights in Munich, Dusseldorf, Offenbach, Erfurt and Wei- mar, to mention only the principal ones. This time there were bstween M)nT :nd 500 victims. e new government of the German Repypblic, sstablished at Weimar, won out, and for nine months there was Aaneh 19, 1030 e the Lommny' ot rel 3 . began the s uprising, which followed th:e?m’m the Kapp putsch. A red army. was organized in the Ruhr and held Essen, Muehiheim, Obsrhausen, Elberfeld and Dusseldorf for thre> weeks. The gov- ernment won fis first victory against the red army of the Rlfi'u' at Wesel April 1, and it was only on April 6 that the red army was driven out of all its strongholds. ~Saxony had simulta- neously its red uprisings, several Soviet rapublics were proclaimed, and it- took a week for the government to get con- trol of Halle and Leipzig. Uprisings Least Bloody. These uprisings proved to be ‘the least bloody of all the Communist ef- foris in Germeny, bscause they oc~ curred prematurely, forced on. hy the Kapp putsch, the one effort of the re- actionaries to re-establish by force the monarchy in Germany. There were less m;'?: 100 killed. . ere were only two sporadic - ings later on that Summmer. ww sent orders to the German Communists they were not to act again except'ac- cording to a concerted plan. Finally the Communists of middle Germany in March, 1921, started another “putsch.” It lasted 11 days and was serious. The Schutzpolizei, composed mostly of old soldiers, put it down. Their losses were 24 killed, 53 wounded, 1 missing. They killed about 400 revolutionists. The third uprising in the Ruhr occurred at this time end the first important up- rising in Hamburg, but it was found the Communists that they could not arouse a cohesive movement, and Mos- cow came down on them hard. were, Moscow ordered, to hold their fire until Germany was ready, as a whole. to go Communist. They worked for two years, 1921 to 1923. as Germany went through the double crisis of revaraticns and the fall of the mark. The feverish industrial activity, the rise of Hugo Stinnes and the other g‘eh;ich-qulck industrialists, was preparing for a crash. according to the calculations in Moscow. The event which determined ' the Communist leaders in Moscow finally to let the German Communists prepare what they expected to be the final blow was the French occupation of the Ruhr. They forced the German Communists to be patient during all the early part of the occupation, during the spectacy- lar fall of the mark, during the separat- ist attemnts on the Rhine, and Luden- dorff and Hittlers' fascist “putsch” in Munich, meaning to capitalize all thes into a concerted nation-wide Commu- nist uprising. Trotsky took charge in Moscow and Karl Radel, from an office in the Soviet embassy in Berlin, was directing operations on the spot. Revolt Carefully Planned. Under cover of the various Soviet missions in Germany he brought in an entire staff of revolutioriary leaders and had the révolution in Germany so ecare- fully organized he had a general staff, front commanders, a liaison organiza- tion established, and even a crew of expert terrorists to cow the bourgeois population. It was, without doubt, the most care- fully prepared plan for a revolution in another country which Moscow ever worked out. It was, to start with, an uprising in the Ruhr against the French troops, which, it was believed, would confuse the issue, and give .the other Communist uprisings in ny such a start it would be impossible to put them down But a plot of this importance could not be kept entirely secret. The Ger- man police got wind of one of the sub- sidiary officers. The German Commu- hists began to get nervous. On Octo- { ber 23, 1923, thoss of Hamburg opened up. They had the police at their mercy, bul the government sent the, cruiser Hamburg and three destroyers to_their assistance. The revolt was short and bloody.| with 74 killed and 250 wounded, and !5 threw the whole plan out. Before -ihel revolutionary machine could be started.! the police, with the information they: were able to seize, broke the ipal! centers. and no plot having any life un-| til it gets under way, Meszow's careful plans were knocked to pieces. Tong afterward, only in recent months, it has bscome known what & row there was in Mostow over the failurs, (Copyright. 1923.)