Diario las Américas Newspaper, February 17, 1957, Page 12

| | “| ¥ Inter - American New: for English- Speaking people For a better understanding between the Americas ally Member Inter American Press Association For Liberty, Culture and Hemispheric Solidarity 4th YEAR @. A SAN ROMAN President FRANCISCO AGUIRRE Vice President and Publisher Antonio Ruiz Managing Editor ice President Fred M. Business Manager 8. SMITH Vice President HORACIO AGUIRRE Vice President. Editor and Manager Eliseo Riera-Gomez Advt. & Circ. Mgr. SMITB Shaver —— na TE EERE Published daily except Monday — Entered as second class matter at the Post Office of Miami Springs, Fla., on February 8, 1956. SS TS EDITORIAL THE IMPORTANCE OF ECONOMISTS IN THE LIFE OF MODERN STATES The great political problems of modern times are closely related to economic relations among individuals and among countries, The social welfare, indispensable por the political equilibrium, depends in great part on economic conditions prevailing in each country. Therefore, it is indispensable that the economic activities of a Nation, especially those emanating from the power of the State, are regulated by scientific procedures. The economist has acquired lately an extra- ordinary importance in the life of modern States. However, in the under-developed countries, where the passions of party politics, with their explosions of demagogic oratory, still absorb public attention in a disproportionate manner, the economy is not given the true importance corresponding to its high mission. As progress advances and life of the people gets more complicated, it becomes increasingly necessary to channel economic conditions through the straight and narrow road of good judgment, in order to avoid that, what should be the result of careful study, becomes a mere adventure. The Latin American governments, in particular, should endeavor to place in the right positions those who, for reasons of academic discipline or their ex- perience, are best qualified to direct the economic life of their respective countries. From secondary positions it is very difficult for economists to attain success in their purposes. It is necessary that they are given adequate opportun- ity to be able to complete the jobs which, within their professional specialization, will lend strength to national life, from the economic view point. Sometimes it happens that the value of the econ- omists is underestimated because they, for reason of their own activities, cannot enter in the political life scenarios with the flexibility and transitory bril- liancy with which the political orator or writer in- flames public enthusiasm, almost at all times, with phrases of rethoric elegance and very little practical sense and, above all, of very little ideological content. However, this type of politician gains with ease the popular acclaim and his personality grows, at de- termined times, in proportions that sometimes are injustifiable, On the other hand, the person who is dedicated to economic science, who knows the reasons of the economic phenomena, who can point out the road of adjustment which will lead to the goal of social well- being and political equilibrium, does not find the same welcome, the same popular warm feeling found by those who, from the rostrum, preach political programs of partisan type and who, perhaps, are not capable of respecting them when it is their turn to put them in practice. Uruguay Film Festival to Honor Films Made in the United States American movie-making takes the spotlight—exclusively this year —at one of South America’s fore- most winter whingdings. Uruguay’s anfual Film Festival, predomiantly of an international nature in the past, with stars, pro- ducers, directors ahd writers from Europe and Western Hemisphere countries participating, will pay tribute this winter, exclusively to American films and Hollywood personalities. A group of 20 of the brightest luminaries in filmdom is: being in- vited by the Uruguayan government to fly to the small South American country, according to Pan Amer- lean World Airways. The festival will be held from February 24 to March 2 at the seaside resort of Punta del Este. As in former years, a grand prize will be presented for the best victure exhibited and other awards w.-| be made for the best directing, acting, scenario, photography, mu- sie and production, The film festival coincides with Uruguay’s merriest fiesta-carnival. (asting a week, it includes parades of artistic floats, singing and danc- ing competitions held at “tabla- dos,” open air stages, and dances every night at hotels, private clubs and nightclubs. With the south-of-the-equator summer season in full swing, Punta del Este, which is South America’s Cannes, will swarm with Urugua- yan cattle barons, Brazilian sugar kings, Chilean wine tycoons and U. S. tourists. Only 90 miles from Montevideo the capital, where PAA Clippers land, Punta del Este sprawls along a curving peninsula jutting two miles into the sea. On the southern side is the bay and a small quiet beach, Playa Mansa. On north is a long, surf-beaten strand. Inland, hidden by pine woods, are the palatial summer homes of Uruguayans and Argentines and loveliest of Punta’s -‘cation mec- cas, the Cantegril Country Club. A match for Florida’s Boca Raton, Cantegril includes a clubhouse with outdoor terrace for dining, swim- ming pool, tennis courts, bowling alley, nightclub and theater where the film festival is held. MIAMI SPRINGS, F WIN PENDLETON FOR A QUICKER PAY-OFF — If a military plane or guided mis- sile should fall on your house or kill your children, how long would it take you to collect damages from Uncle Sam? Up to $1,000 damages could be paid at once by the Se- cretary of the Military Department which was operating the plane. But if your claim was for more than $1,000, you’d be lucky to get a check within two or three years. Then, it would take an act of Con- gress to pay you off. Senator Hol- Jand wants to speed up the pay- off time. He has introduced a bill giving the Military Secretaries the authority to pay up’ to $50,000 without Congressional approval and appropriation. When he_ introduced his bill, Holland pointed out that falling military aircraft have killed seven civilians in Florida in recent months and have destroyed thou- sands of dollars worth of proper- ty. In helping process claims re sulting from these accidents, Hol- land came face to face with the stark needs of the people not financially able to wait two or three years for payment from the Government, He indicated he had considerable support for his plan to speed up the present cumber- some method of helping these acci- dent victims. _ WHERE’S THE FEUD?—If you work for the CBS T-V should you watch an NBC T-V show? Some folks do. After Senator George Smathers appeared on Dave Gar- roway’s early morning program re- cently he received the following letter: “Dear Senator Smathers: Please accept this letter as expres- sing our complete belief and sup- port for what you had to say this morning on NBC’s ‘Today.’ Your bill to appropriate the funds ac- cumulated from enemy alien pro- perty toward scientific scholarships for American students should be passed in Congress. Yours, CBS Casting.” It was signed by 11 CBS staff members. FEELING THE PULSE.— Look for Syd Herlong’s annual question- naire next week. For nine years Herlong has sought the opinions of his constituents on national pro- blems—and has used the results af his polls to guide his vote in Con- gress. This year’s query will cover the budget, statehood for Alaska, Postal rates, extension of minimum wage requirements, school con- struction, and other items recom- mended for passage by the Presi- dent. FLORIDA IMPRINT — The in- fluence of Congressman Dante Fas- cell already is being felt on the Foreign Affairs Committee — his new assignment. When the Presi- dent’s Middle East Doctrine passed the house, it wore the Fascell-Ha- yes amendment around its neck. Although the President’s Doctrine was given the approval of the House, Fascell’s. amendment would require the President to use the mechanism of the United Nations whenever practicable in any Mid- dle East move. A significant feat- ure of this action was the feather of prestige which was added to Fascell’s cap. Important measures of this kind generally are handled by the members with more years| of seniority. FLORIDA MAN ELECTED — There are two exclusive clubs on Capitol Hill. Membership is limited to male secretaries to the Con- gressmen. To keep the parties se- parated the Republicans belong to the Bull Elephants Club and the Democrats to the Burros Club. Last week, Joe Fuller, administrative assistant to Congressman Jim Ha- ley, was named president of the Burros. Fuller is from Lakeland. He was formerly special agent there for the Prudential Insurance Company; a member of the Lake- land Rotary Club and past Com- mander of the American Legion Post at Muyberry. This is his fourth year in Washington. PERU TO ISSUE TOURIST CARDS Latest South American country to simplify entry regulations for U. S. citizens — whether traveling on business or pleasure — is Peru. A tourist card, costing $2, may now be obtained from transporta- tion companies, according to Pan American World Airways, instead of a visa issued by Peruvian con- sulates. A passport and a smallpox vaccination certificate still are re- auired. I-A ECOSOC and LA.,, SUNDAY, FEBRUARY 17, 1957 the Buenos Aires Economic Conference in August By WASHINGTON P. BERMUDEZ Chairman, Inter-American Economic and Social Council. The Inter-American Economic and Social Council (I-A ECOSOC) is the coordinating agency for all official Inter-American activities of an economic and social nature. Thus states the Charter of the Or- ganization of American — States. Therefore, whatever happens in the field of economic and social activi- ties in the Hemisphere not only falls within the jurisdiction of I-A ECOSOC but also directly affects it. The countries of the Hemisphere have one of the most important engagements of recent times for August of this year. The outcome of that engagement will greatly influence the life of the Organiza- tion of American States. We speak of the Economie Conference that the Member States of the OAS will hold in Buenos Aires on August 15, 1957. The holding of this conference, the convocation of which was pre- scribed by the Ninth International Conference of: American States held in Bogota in 1948, is an as- piration _ long standing in the Hemisphere. This type of meeting — the Buenos Aires Conference will be the first — will rank in the field of economic matters of the Hemisphere with the Meetings of Consultation of Ministers of For- eign Affairs that have been held in the political field. The Economic Conference will be attended by the highest government officials administering the economic affairs of our countries, The meetings being held by the Inter-American Commitee of Re- presentatives of the Presidents of the American Republics, whose work will be completed by the end of April, this year, have enabled progress to be made in the study and understanding of matters that, because of their importance in the economic picture of the Hemi- sphere, will have to be given spe- cial consideration at the Buenos Aires Conference. The Presidential Representa- tives have, in theix discussions, gone so deeply into the study of some of these problems that .can be said that there is no reason for supposing that practical and posi- tive solutions cannot be found for them. The agenda for the Economic Conference, which will be approv- ed by the Inter-American Eco- nomic and Social Council at its plenary meeting of February 14, 1957, will include topics that the Member States have been contend- ing with for some time. The key to the solution of many of them lies in the field of Inter-American eco- nomic relations. The Latin American community of nations in particular awaits with justified amxiety the solution to the important problems of financ- ing economic development determ- ing what is to be done to achieve and maintain a healthy balance in the delicated field of prices and markets, what progress can be made in the extension and strengthening of technical cooper- ation activites, what, cooperative measures can be established for developing and coordinating the Inter-American transportation sy- stem, not only from the strategie view, to take care of us in case we should find ourselves confronted with problems of defense, but also as an important factor for the ex- tension and strengthening of the bonds of trade between our coun- , tries and between the Latin American countries in. particular. Along with the last-named point should be mentioned, especially, an- other important topic of the agen- da, ie, the promotion of inter- American trade. Im this vital field of hemisphere relations, we must point out the importance of trade among the Latin American coun- tries. The European iron and coal Community and, more recently, the progressive efforts being made among European countries to es- tablish a regional market — the latter an idea which was warmly supported by the United States Government — have their counter- parts in Latin America. In Cen- tral América the establishment of a common market is quickly and undoubtedly becoming a reali- ty. The work of the Central Ame- rican countries has truly been a laboratory experimental that will serve as a clear example for similar activites that have already been started in South America. Un- doubtedly, the Buenos Aires Eco- nomic Conference will have to consider the problem of inter-Lat- in-American trade and the estab- lishment of 4 common market in that area. And, finally, this article could not close without making special reference to the General Eco- nomic Agreement. In 1948 an Eco- nomic Agreement was signed in Bogota for which high hopes were held, as through that document continental unity was going to be strengthened. Unfortunately, be- cause of the many reservations that were made to the agreement, it could mot be put in force, Thus the American System provides us with the American Treaty on Paci- fic Settlemen, a unique example of unity in the field of juridical relations, which was signed in 1948 in Bogoté, and to meet the pro- blems of defending the hemisphere it gives us the Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance, signed in Rio in 1947. However, speaking im the sense of complete unity, we lack a document that ex- presses the common aspirations and goals of our countries in the field of economic relations. In Buenos Aires, in August 1957, the Member States of the OAS propose to sign the General Economic Agreement. I-A ECOSOC is now working on a preliminary draft of that document and it is hoped that it will be clear and categorical in its final form and of the same stat- us as the treaties governing jur- HEMISPHERIC EVENTS Latin American News in Brief CUBAN RESIDENTS IN N. Y. GOING TO HAVANA FESTIVAL NEW YORK, Feb. 16 (UP)—A group of 56 Cuban musicians and newspapermen, residing in this ci- ty will leave next Wednesday for Havana to take part in the 50 Years of Cuban Music Festival which will take place on the 23rd. and 24th of February in the Cub- an capital. Cuban journalist Baby Quintero, columnist in the newspaper “La Prensa,” of this city and spokes- man for the group, informed that the group has been invited by Gas- par Pumarejo, President of the Ho- gar (Home) Club and School of Te- Jevision. “Other Cuban musicians who re- side in other places in the United States, particularly in Hollywood, Las Vegas and Miami, as well as those who are in México, France and Spain have also been invited by Pumarejo, to take part in the Festival,” Quintero added, FREE BREAKFASTS MEXICO CITY (UP)— México’s National Pawnshop began serving 500 free breakfasts daily for its customers. National Pawnshop — President Cosme Hinojosa said the number of free breakfasts will be increased in the near future and that the ser- vice will be extended to the pawn- pops 21 branches throughout Mé- xico, OIL AGREEMENT RIO DE JANEIRO (UP)—Bra- zil’s official oi] monopoly, Petro- bras, has concluded a tentative egreement with the Texas.Compa ny, under which the latter will lend it $6 million to assist in the con- struction of a.refinery, it was re- ported. The Texas Company will sup- ply 15,000 barrels of crude oil daily forthe refinery, a Petrobas spokesman said. , A similar agreement is being ne- gotiated with the Esso Standard, Standard Oil of California and eee Oil companies, the spokesman said. Plans call for construction of a 90,000-barrel daily refinery in the Rio de Janeiro area, costing about $60 million. The other companies, therefore, would supply the remaining 75,000 barrels of crude daily and help finance construction of the refin- ery, the spokesman said. The $6 million Texas Company loan will be for five years, at six Per cent annual interest. ARGENTINE BUDGET BUENOS AIRES (UP)—_ The provisional. government published its 1957 budget calling for total expenditures of over 20 billion pe- sos or about $540 million at the free rate of exchange. The budget is about $81 million WASHINGTON P. BERMUDEZ idical relations and those signed for the purpose of defending our countries. Many hopes have been placed in the conomic Agreement. It is logically hoped that in it ob- vious community. of economic in- terests of the hemisphere will be clearly recorded. As can be seen the responsibility involved in the preparation of this document is enormous as is therefore the obvious risk of a failure in its preparation. The Buenos Aires Economic Conference will mark the farthest point ever to be achieved by the Member States in their efforts to find a positive solution to their common economic problems; but it may likewise end by pointing out the weakest point in the Ame-) rican System. If the Buenos Aires Economic Conference is as success- ful as all hope that it will be, it will clearly chart the way for in- creasing cooperative economic re- lations amorg the American com- munity of nations and as a result it will re-affirm the function of the Organization of American States in this field. If the Con- ference is not as successful as it should be, it will be a rude blow to the American System in general and an even more serious one to the Inter-American Economic and Social Council its technical organ in the economic field. Pres. Lemus in Border Meeting With Hondurans SAN SALVADOR, Feb. 16 (UP) — President Colonel José Maria Le- mus, left at 5 o’clock this morning for “El Amatillo”, close to the Hon- duran frontier, where he will meet members of Honduras’ Military Junta to sign a new. treaty on freedom of trade. Accompanying the President are the Minister of Economy, Alfonso Rocha; the Mi- nister of Foreign Relations, l- fredo Ortiz Mancia and other offi- cials of the government. . The party is making the trip by ear. After the ceremonies at Ama- tillo, the President and his com: panions will return today to the capital. and $135 million by the sale of bonds for public works and state investments. The. Ministry of Education and Justice has the largest share of the budget, followed by service of the public debt, Army, Navy, Commu- nications, Aviation, Public Health, Interior, Agriculture, Public Works end Commerce and Industry. GUATEMALA OPENS VIRGIN FORESTS GUATEMALA CITY (UP) — Two vast areas of virgin forest lands in the Peten Department of northern Guatemala are now open to private lumber operators, it was announced. The total extension open to the highest bidders covers nearly two million acres. It was said to have heavy mahogany amd cedar stands, with cheaper woods also abundant. Basic bids are $20 per cubic me- ter (35.31 cubic feet) of mahogany and $18 per cubic meter for cedar. Basic bids for various soft woods range from $3 to $5 per cubic me- ter. Petén Department adjoins Brit- ish Honduras on the east and Mé- xico On the north and northwest. It is rich in lumber and may be- come the source of oil for Guate- mae veral United States oil com- over the largest one during the 12- year Perén dictatorship. Of the total, about $407 million will be covered by regular revenues panies, including California Stand- ard, Ohio Oil, Union Oil and Ame- NUMBER 184 U.S. Congress Criticized for Failure to Approve — Panama Treaty Clauses WASHINGTON, Feb. 16. (UP) —The Panamanian Ambassador to the United Nations has chastised the United States Congress verbal- ly for failing to act more rapidly to implement certain provisions of the 1955 revised treaty between the two countries. “Six weeks already have passed and still no action has been taken by the 85th Congress on legisla- tion required to implement provis- ions of the 1955 Eisenhower-Re- mon Treaty. This unfortunate si- tuation has not made the people of Panama too optimistic concerning the goodwill which the United States professes toward them. It has certainly not enhanced the prestige of the United States in many Latin Ameeican quarters. “Since 1955 Panamanians have been expecting the U.S. Congress to take action on the State De- partment-sponsored legislative pro- gram calling for a single wage-sca- le for Panamanians and United States workers in the Canal Zone, for extension of civil service retire- ment benefits to Panamanians working in the Canal Zone, as well as the transfer of certain lands to the Republic, and consstruction of a bridge across the Canal. To date only promises of fulfillment have been forthcoming. “Panama continues to be a show- place where the international po- licies of the United States and her good neighborliness are constantly on exhibition. “Perhaps this fact is not fully appreciated but when it is realiz ed that in more than two years no congressional action have been tak- en to implement a treaty ratified by our countries, the question nat- urally arises: how much reliance is to be placed on the promises made or commitments assumed by Was- hington?. . . “Adequate imple- mentation of the U.S. Panamé pro- visions is of grave importance to our country. Furthermore it is of the utmost importante to the in- ternational relations which the U.S. bears to one of its American neig- bors. . « “There has been a notable shift of the Eisenhower Administration to emphasis from domestic to for- eign problems. This being so Pa- nam& has every right to expect that its unfinished business with the United States will be attended to without further delay.. Al least this is a course which has all the elements of promoting better U.S. Panam relationships and should be followed forthwith”. The Ambassador’s statement was issued here because he came to Washington to attend a luncheon in the capital in honor of former representative George A. Dondero. Dondero received a gold medal from the International Fine Arts Council for his efforts when he was in Congress to expose communist infiltration in culture and art im the United States. Infer - American Planning Society Opens Offices in Puerto Rico WASHINGTON, D. C. (PAU) — Headquarters of the newly-or- ganized, non-governmental Inter- American Planning Society (IA- PS), among whose members are architects, economists and city planners in 22 countries of the Western Hemisphere, has been es- tablished in Puerto Rico, the Hous- ing Division of the Pan American Union has announced. Details of membership in the Society, which will give town and country planners of the Americas a direct method of exchanging technical information without go- ing through governmental chan- nels, are now available from IAPS president, Dr. Rafael Pico, Secret- ary of the Treasury, San Juan, Puerto Rico. The IAPS was formally organiz- ed in Bogota, Colombia, last Nov- ember during the First Inter Ame- rican Technical Meeting on Hous- ing and Planning. With the ap- proval of the Inter-American Eco- nomic and Social Council, which sponsored the housing meeting, “ALL COLOMBIANS WILL OWN LAND”, ROJAS PINILLA BOGOTA, Feb. 16 (UP)— Presi- dent Gustavo Rojas Pinilla said that the completion of the official Agra- rian Reforms Program “will permit that each citizen, whether he be a farmer or a laborer, owns a piece of land in this nation so plentiful with millions of uncultivated hec tares, Lieutenant General Rojas Pinilla was speaking before representa- tives of an organization entitled “Centro Nacional Anti-Comunista de Colombia” (Colombia’s Anti- Communist National Center), who visited him to make delivery of a document backing his candidacy to continue exercising the Presiden The President announced that the reform “to bar completely any communist penetration” will be put into effect. He addressed the of- ferer's of the homage as retired ar- my members, In a part of his speech, he said: “We are going through a death struggle between Rome and Mos- cow, and here we are decided to discharge our duty, sacrificing our lives, if necessary, so that the flag that you are carrying and main- taining so firm, will never be mac- ulated and will always remain high, victorious and triumphant as our and the Pan American Union the initial Assembly of the new Society was held at the same time with the participation of 240 dele gates. Besides adopting a charter, the IAPS assembly elected a board of directors consisting of Dr. Pico; Gabriel Andrade, of Colombia, Vice President; Miguel Figueroa Ro man, Argentina; Luis Dorich, Pe ru; Eduardo Mantoulieu, Cuba; Objectives of the IAPS are the following: 1, Establish a research center which will publish original studies and function as a clearing house for planning information in the Americas. 2. Maintain close contact with the Organization of American States, the United Nations and si- milar institutions in the Western Hemisphere or abroad. ; 3. Contribute. to a more efficient use of available resources in deal- ing with problems such as housing, urban growth and economic de- velopment. 4: Advise or give professional assistance to public and private institutions in projects related to planning. 5. Promote the use of planning techniques in all the American re- publics, Cuba Imposes News Blackout HAVANA, Feb. 16 (UP)— The authorities have imposed a true” “black out” in Cuban news publish-’ ed abroad. i a The censors abandoned the ori- ginal system of cutting away with scissors “objectables” news and adopted the use of a roller, the width of a column, similar to those used in taking fingerprints, to cov-- er with black ink these informa tions. The new system was “inaugurat- ed” with the airmail edition of The Miami Herald, which appear- ed at the stands with half of the. third column in the second page, covered with a wide smear of black ink. The information in that ¢o- lumn referred to local problems. - Poccaae maa brat es. at ts aman COLOMBIAN CADETS | TO WORK IN FILM BOGOTA (UP)— One thousand two hundred Cadets of the Bo- gota Military School will take part in the filming of the play “Se. Llamaba Bolivar” (His name was- Bolivar), which will be based om the story written by Chilean author Enrique Campos Méndez, accord- ing to information supplied by Her- nén Santa Cruz, old President of the Economical and Social Coun- cil of the UN and at present one of the directors of Cinematogr: ca de las Américas, S. A., the forefathers wanted, as we want and rada were granted exploitation con- cessions there within the past year. as our children will want.” pany that will run the film. Holly. , wood productor, Lester Cowan, will be in charge of making 7