Evening Star Newspaper, October 28, 1937, Page 12

A—12 = % THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C, THURSDAY, OCTOBER 28, 1937. w THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition THEODORE W. NOYES, Editor WASHINGTON, D. C. THURSDAY ____________October 28, 1937 The Evening Star Newspaper Company Main Office: 1ith St. and Pennsylvania Ave. New York Office: 110 East 42nd Bt Chicago Office: 435 North Michigan Ave. Delivered by Carrier—City and Suburban Regular Edition Evening and Sunday, 65¢ per mo. or 16c per week The Evening Star.. 45¢ per mo. or 10c per week The Sunday Star - _Bc per copy Night FinakEdition Night Final and Sunday Star....70c per month Night Final Star. 55¢ per month Collection made at the end of each month or each week. Orders may be sent by mail or tele- phone National 5000. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance Maryland and Virginia Dalls and Sunday__ 1 yr. $10.00; 1 mo. 85c Daily only 1 $6.00; 1 mo. 50¢ Sunday only- yr. $4.00: 1 mo. 40c All Other States and Canada Daily and Sunday- 1 yr. $12.00; 1 mo., $1.00 Daily only -1y, $8.00; 1 mo. The Sunday only . 1 yr, $5.00; 1 mo. 50 Member of the Associated Press The Associated Press 15 exclusively entitled to the use for republication of all news dispatches credited to it or not otherwise credited in this paper and also the local news published nerein. All rights of pubiication of special dispatches herein also are reserved Brussels” Vacant Chair. As expected in Washington and nearly all the other nine-power treaty capitals, Japan has formally repudiated next week's Brussels conference “on the Chinese-Japanese war by declining the invitation to attend it. Her chair will be vacant. Condemning the parley as unworthy of Japanese notice because of its League of Nations origin, the Tokio government takes refuge in the cynical theory that, far from settling the ques- tion, the conference would only “put serious obstacles in the path of the just and proper solution of the conflict.” Supplementing this almost contempt- uous refusal to set in motion the Wash- ington pact’s machinery for *“frank counsel” among its signatories, a proviso to which she unreservedly subscribed, Japan issues a labored justification of her intransigeance. The nine-power treaty is “obsolete” because of the “in- filtration” of Communism in China. Sino-Japanese difficulties can be 1 onciled “only through direct negotia- tions between the two powers.” On them alone “falls the common burden of responsibility for the stability of East Asia.” Japan's action in China is “a measure of self-defense.” It has been taken “in the face of China's violent anti-Japanese policy and practice.” Therefore, “it lies outside the purview of the nine-power treaty.” What Japan asks of the powers is that “they fully comprehend that the most urgent need for solution of the conflict is a revision of the Chinese government's attitude toward Japan and a change of policy to that of co-operation between the two countries.” Such truculence and defiance, which amounts to a Japanese demand on the powers that they not only acquiesce in, but connive at compelling, unconditional swrrender by China, virtually torpedoes the Brussels conference. The other eight signatory nations plan to meet sccording to schedule. If mediation be | their purpose, as both the American and British governments declare it to be, it will be & case of playing Hamlet without the melancholy Dane. Tokio clearly indicates that the only “medi- ation” which enlists Japan’s interest is the blood-and-iron “solution,” for which her armies and warships are striving in North China and at Shanghai. To effect | *“a speedy settlement” of that brand, the official rejection of the Brussels bid em- | phasizes, “the Japanese nation, rising as one man, is united in a determination to surmount all obstacles.” Remonstrances, resolutions, protests, it must now be disconcertingly evident to the most inveterate disciples of palaver, are hopeless as an antidote to Japanese aggression. Palaver, it hap- pens, is defined in the dictionary as “a profuse parley; hence, public discus- glon or conference.” Palaver happens, too, to be a term of Portuguese origin. Portugal, through her tiny possessions in Asia (Portuguese India and Macao, in China) is a party to the nine-power treaty and, therefore, a participant in the conference. She will have only a minor voice in its decisions. But if she pulls her idiomatic, rather than her diplomatic, weight in the eight-oared Brussels boat by stressing the utter futility of palaver under the nugatory circumstances Japan has provoked, Portugal will make a positive contribu- tion to what seems otherwise doomed to be an international futility. It is unthinkable that the treaty pow- ers would let matters rest there. World opinion is not in a mood to tolerate so humiliating and craven an exhibition of statesmanship in bankruptey. ————— Airships are marvels, but there is bound to be dissatisfaction with them so long as so many persist in falling and killing passengers. ———— Liberals and Liberalism, The term “liberal” is used today to cover a multitude of mistakes, if-not sins. Liberalism has become confounded with liberality—in spending other peo- ple’s money. This money, taken in the form of taxes, is distributed in the form of subsidies to persons who have not worked for it or earned it. Govern- ments which indulge in such practices have spelled the downfall of peoples throughout history. It is a method of currying favor with the masses. As long as the money holds out, it is effective. Liberalism and liberal policies of gov~ ernment are not new. In the past in this country they have been supported by forward-looking men and women, looking to the greater freedom of the individual and his protection from dominance either by private persons and industrial corporations or by the Gov=- ernment itself. Liberals of today, of the New Deal variety, are of a different A i color. They are bent upon collectivism as opposed to free enterprise. They are bent upon control by the Government itself of the activities of all classes, whether they be employers or workers or farmers. Realizing that Government control in the end rests upon the machine, such a machine, political in its nature though boasting of generosity, has been con- structed, national in scope. To erect this machine, literally millions of jobs, paid from the public treasury, have been created, and billions of dollars have been distributed. Gradually as the pinch of freedom has been felt, as the demand for more and greater powers, centralized in Washington, has pressed forward, true liberals have revolted. One of the straws which finally broke the backs of liberals who had lined up v'llth New Deal was the proposal for the control of the courts—offered in an insidious form. With the approach of a new session of Congress, the real liberals are girding for a contest which threatens still fur- ther grasp of power by the executive branch of the Government. They are beginning to see more clearly the trend of Government in the last five years. They understand that they wiil be called upon to support more “liberal” meas- ures, which in effect clamp the chains more securely upon the ordinary Amer- ican It is time that liberalism be redefined, and that true liberals be segregated from the psuedo liberals whose main in- sistence has been greater personal power and a more liberal trough in which to wallow. B Hodge Podge Campaign. The New York City mayoralty cam- paign has intensified into a bitter roar. The citizens, if the opposing camps may be credited, are given a choice be- tween “red” La Guardia and “Tammany” Mahoney. What a choice! And vet citi- zens of eminent respectability are sup- porting each of the candidates. It may be they are doing so with certain mental reservations, but at any rate they are supporting these candidates, one of whom will be chosen as the chief execu- tive officer of the more than 7.000.000 per- sons who compose the population of Greater New York. New York has not yet made its mayoralty elections non-partisan affairs —non-partisan in the fact that the can- didates have no party designation. Ma- honey was made the nominee of the Dem- ocrats in the Democratic primary. La Guardia won in the Republican primary, and in addition, has the backing of the American Labor party, the Communists and what not, the so-called “fusion” candidate. New York has been called a melting pot on occasion. Surely no more strange fusion has been seen in this melting pot than the alignment of Republicans and their allies in support of La Guardia. With an overwhelming Democratic registration in New York City, it is clear, however, that La Guardia cannot be re-elected unless a large number of Democrats desert their party nominee and vote for the Mayor. All the Re- publicans, the Laborites, the Socialists and the Communists rolled into one list would be insignificant when laid beside the list of registered Democratic voters. To arouse & spirit of party loyalty, Postmaster General James A. Farley, chairman of the Democratic National Committee and of the Demo- cratic State Committee of New York, has entered the lists in support of Mahoney. Much depends upon how many Democrats listen to his clarion call. Involved in the mayoralty campaign are local issues that are beyond the bounds of national or even State politics in the party sense. The citizens are struggling to be rid of Tammany ma- chine politics and the corruption that has gone with it. The Democratic or- ganization in New York City has a bad name. La Guardia was elected four vears ago in an effort to make a clean- up—after the reign of “Jimmy” Walker and his rather colorless successor. La Guardia, however, was elected then in a three-cornered race against O'Brien, the Tammany and regular Democratic nominee, and “Holy Joe” McKee, the candidate of the so-called Recovery party, who was backed at that time by none other than Postmaster General James A. Farley. The Mayor was elected by a plurality, but not a majority vote. He faces a different situation this time. What La Guardia is counting on is a large Labor vote to help him to a second victory. Perhaps the White House can afford to sit back and watch this New York contest. with complacency. La Guardia has been a supporter of President Roose- velt in his two presidential campaigns. He has gone along with the New Deal policies and program. He is, in fact, a New Dealer. On the other hand, if the Roosevelt Democratic leaders in Greater New York, who chose Mahoney for candidate for Mayor, get the cold shoulder from the administration, the effect might not be so good. It might not make sense unless the administra- tion is to ignore the Democratic organi- zation in New York and throw in with the American Labor party in the future. Trespass on Driving Space. A warning given to all motorists in Virginia by Director Rhodes of the State Division of Motor Vehicles, in the inter- est of safety on the highways, may well " be repeated by the authorities in other States. He declares that automobiles which stop on the hard-surfaced por- tion of a State highway constitute a “tremendous accident hazard.” This, he notes, is a violation of the motor vehicle act of the State, and attention is called to the practice in the hope of correction with the . result of & lessening of the danger incident to the practice. Director Rhodes’ notifi- cation is accompanied by sound advice, ‘which may well be heeded by all drivers. He says:: “If you must stop, pull off the hard surface, even if you are only going to _take on or let off a passenger. Then you cannot be accused of contributing to or of being responsible for an accident. Certainly if you block a portion of the road, either in the daytime or at night, you are creating a hazard. Your car may not be involved, but your car may force somebody else into the ditch, or into the path of an oncoming . car. Don't be the cause of an accident when it is so easy to avoid it.” Co-operation on the road is the duty of every driver, for his own sake as well as for the sake of others. The stopping driver becomes the moving driver, even as the moving driver be- comes the stopping driver. Thus, alter- nately, users of the roads become re- sponsible for the clearance of the way. There is only just so much space on the paved way, and if it is blocked in any degree by halted cars the peril of collision increases. The road blocker is in no degree excused from accountability for an acci- dent because of the poor driving or the reckless speed of another. Whether there is a regulation against treaspass upon the paved roadway by cars mot in motion, as in Virginia, or not, the practice is hazardous and involves the driver who is guilty of the infraction of this rule of common caution along with the driver who makes excessive speed. The paved roadway is primarily and indeed exclusively for the use of cars in motion. That fact should always be borne in mind by all who use the high- ways. If it were universally so under- stood and if this rule—which is law in Virginia—were strictly observed by all motorists, the accident toll in this coun- try would be greatly decreased. EGEEE U S Moments must arise when Justice Black wishes he had studied the re- sponsibilities of the citizen more at- tentively than obligations of the mere “joiner.” The defendant in life-and- death litigation must resent the alien- ation of sympathy which he may have expected to enjoy. o More is heard about football and tennis as the season goes along, the assurance being freely given that interest in sports will not be allowed to falter even while attention is bestowed on more serious matters. — e Eminent gentlemen from the Old World will be heard on the lecture plat- form, but without definite obligations to explain exactly what has been going on in public sentiment. ———ieee When stock market figures become erratic it is the duty of the common- sense estimator to construct his own calculations and to depend on them. ——— o Shooting Stars. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Nature and Art. Heard an airship humming in the dis- tance, Like some gigantic bee, it made a fuss; The birds and insects said “Why such persistence? You seem to think you somehow rank with us!” Saw the motor headlights swiftly near- ing; The lightning bug subsided long ago, And Art, with method strangely per~ severing, Has conquered Nature, beautiful but slow. And now, when a professor gravely matters, “What you cell ‘life’ we’ll presently produce By chemistry, where sages close their shutters!” We'll sigh, “Ah, Romeo, what was the use Of all the fair romance that has been taught us,” If Science is to make so swift a start, And has, with careful calculation caught us Where Nature must be sacrificed to Art.” No Taste for Small Stuff. “You say you‘would not vote for a measure to increase your salary?” “That's what I say,” answered Senator Sorghum. “Politics is a big game now. Any increase of salary that would be available would look merely like & white chip.” Jud Tunkins says he can’t get much fun out of & night club. The band makes its finish too close to next morning’s alarm clock. When Words Fail. Friend Diplomat, of course, we know You mean to treat us right; And yet how oft’ your efforts go To start another fight! Thought and Anatomy. i “Have you studied psychoanalysis?” “Yes,” answered Miss Cayenhe. “It is very interesting in making the ex- posure of the mind as bold as that involved in our costumes.” “Duty,” said Hi Ho, the sage of Chinatown, “at first the hardest task- master, becomes at last. the finest friend.” The Moaning Sax. “O saxophone, ‘Why do you moan?” And then I heard the news: “Friend of my own, T make this tone Bacause I'm full of ‘Biues.” “A mean man,” said Uncle Eben, “admires trouble so much dat when he feels generous he wants to pass a lot of it around to everybody.” f Offers Suggestions for Traffic Improvements To the Editor of The Star: % A stranger, because of his impersonal viewpoint, can sometimes make a help- ful suggestion which interested parties fail to visualize because of an intense concentration on the problem at hand. Perhaps some of the following sugges- tions may appear sufficiently refreshing in this phase of Washington's traffic campaign to warrant The Star bringing them to the community’s attention. (1) Transform some of our centrally located parks and open spaces into park- ing facilities and have them supervised by the city. Thousands of vehicles would then be removed from the city streets and traffic could move in unham- pered style. Most motorists, and espe- cially Government employes, would gladly pay a small daily charge of 5 or 10 cents to park their automobiles in such an area, and would find it a wel- come relief from current exhorbitant parking fees. This small charge would more than pay for the cost of supervis- ing the parking and keeping the area in proper trim. Shoppers would have bet- ter access to downtown shopping cen- ters. Perhaps this is not considered a civic thought, because our parks -are famed far and wide; but it is a humane thought when we read of the increasing toll which traffic takes today. And & parking area can be just as beautiful as we want it to be. ' How many thousands of automobiles could be taken from our city streets and parked in an orderly fashion in the Mall between the Capitol and the Monument? Is such a thought revolting to the civic minded? The humane interest, after all, is the clvic interest, and the sight of a hundred thousand shining vehicles would make me think of progress, commerce, and the strength of our Government. (2) Revise the existing traffic code to fit our present-day needs. Much is now wanting in regard to regulations govern- ing not so much the speed of vehicles as the vehicles themselves, and whether they are safe and fit to move in heavy traffic. Controllable speed is far prefer- able to unsafe, uncontrollable—though slow-moving—vehicles, Also, it seems the biggest requirement for an operator's license is the knowledge of how to shift gears. We should not issue an operator’s license unless the applicant is a capable driver, because an unskilled novice is a potential menace to pedestrians and other motorists. (3) Regulate our traffic lights so the pedestrian has & chance. Too many have been caught “in the middle” between changing lights for present reg- ulations to be effective. Pedestrians will always take & chance, and, indeed, have got to take & chance lo cross some inter- sections under the present signals. To facilitate through vehicle traffic, the lights on all streets should be timed for & certain speed—25 miles an hour is & good speed—and this will permit a more rapid exit of cars from the city when offices close. (4) Do something about the circles. Here is one thought I have: Using Dupont Circle as an example, let Con- necticut avenue cut through as & main thoroughfare, but lower the roadway in the center of the circle 10 or 15 feet; let New Hampshire avenue cut through as a main thoroughfare, but raise the roadway at the center of the circle (over Connecticut avenue) 10 or 15 feet; let the other streets which now border the circle run into either New Hampshire or Connecticut, traffic to enter these two streets on lights only. (5) For second-offense drunken driv- ing, revoke operator’s license for five years. For third-offense reckless driv- ing, revoke for two vears. Put some sort of a sticker, which will not be removed except by the Traffic Bureau, on all traffic offenders so the public may see and beware. Several speeding stickers will not only embarrass the driver, but will point out to police the man they should watch. H. C. WILLIAMS. - Dependable Merchant Marine Is Necessary To the Editor of The Star: : One of the reasons urged in support of the expenditure of huge sums by the Government in building a merchant ma- rine is that such merchant marine would be an absolutely essential arm of the national defense in time of war. Therefore, there would seem to be just as much sense in permitting United States sailors to stage sit-down strikes on United States warships as there’is in permitting & group of radical agitators to destroy our nationally owned merchant marine. And that is exactly what they are doing, because you can't have a mer- chant marine unless it can be operated at a profit, and it can’'t be operated at & profit unless you have passengers, and certainly no one with a grain of sense is going to travel on vessels manned by insolent, quarrelsome and undisciplined men. Uncle Sam had better keep his money in his pocket than to build the proposed new ships, because no one will travel on them after they are built unless this Government shows more backbone in en- forcing discipline than it has shown a disposition to do up to the présent time. The seamen responsible for this state of affairs are befouling their own nests. They are destroying their own jobs. When the foreign liners sail from our ports with flags flying and bands playing and carrying the money-paying passen- gers while American liners lie at their docks with their boilers cold, many of these men will stand on the docks with their hands in their empty pockets and wish to Heaven that they had had more sense than to take the bread out of the mouths of their children and hand it to foreign seamen. Oh, labor, what crimes are committed in thy name. FRANK G. CAMPBELL. ———— Economic Reminder For David Lawrence ‘To the Editor of The Star: Permit me, as a reader of The Eve- ning Star newspaper for 25 years, to write a few words in regard to David Lawrence’s column on Monday, October 25, 1937, entitled “United States Spend- ing Policies and Recovery.” Mr. David Lawrence is a very effective critic, in my opinion, on anything that this present administration is doing. He finds fault particularly with the big cor- poration taxes and the social security taxes. Those huge taxes, he blames, are responsible for the decline in business and the decline in the purchasing power of the people. I wonder if Mr. Lawrence has ever thought about the way the poor people are throwing away money in the num- bers racket, and many other diffeyent kinds of gambling rackets—totaling to ten billion dollars a year. Mr. Lawrence, in my opinion, doesn’t need to worry about the poor working man prétecting himself in regard to the old-age pension. I think it is perfectly all right and proper to continue taxing for the social security funds which eventually protects the -public for a rainy day. I am sure that this form is just as good as any life insurance policy. SIMON KIMCHE. Musical memory is an interesting thing. Performer or listener who has it ought to be able to get more out of what he is doing, playing or listening. It is in memory that musical pattern lives, and stands out as something when the listener, especially, encounters it in movement. Music is the most curious thing in the world, in that it really has no being except in movement. ‘We speak of a sheet on which is musi- cal notation as “the music,” but it is not the music at all, but merely the notation. There is no basic similarity between type and musical notation, although there seems to be. The book does not have to be read aloud, but the music must be played, to give it being. When we say we “read music” at sight we do not mean that we make music, but probably may be able to hum it in the mind. This humming in the mind is what the composer does as he goes along with his composition, but even in his mind it is not music yet. * K Kk Music comes only when it is given sound. Sound is music. Music is a great many things, but two things above all—sound and movement. Music is & technical 'thing today more than ever, with the discovery of sound waves and “all about them.” But that is only one side of it. We now know that a note in music is that note beeause of its frequency. ,Music is not something mystic, neces- sarily; it may be, basically is, something scientific. When we say that, however, we see immediately that it will not do to leave the emotional part of music out. Music is emotion, if it is anything— that is another happy side of it. Music permits us not to be ashamed of emotions. Even the most poker-faced of the youngsters, who is determined not to show his emotions, responds at once to a good march or a swaying tango. - x o % One may not have heard Bizet's “Carmen” for 15 or 20 years, yet the very sight of these words on paper brings musical memories! Seguidilla—"Pres Seville.” Immediately the whole thing sweeps back, the singer, the scene, the great SOprano song. even better in some ways than the habanera. “Love is like a wild bird free,” from the same act of the opers. The wild swing, the sort of thing that always strikes a listener as typically Spenish, and no doubt is, for the com- poser was steeped in the color of their music. des remparts de In the habanera and seguidilla he did | even better, musically, than in the more | famous “Toreador song,” the “big hit” of the opera. oo ok Musical memory brings back the pre- cise patterns of these barbaric numbers, wild as the bird of the forest. “Near the walls of Seville,” indeed! But any other song, simple or complex, would do equally well to show the won- ders of memory in music, a faculty some persons have, musicians or non-musi- cians, much to their enjoyment. ‘The amazing thing is that some fine musicians scarce can play a note with- out the music before them. Their musical memory is not so good. 1t is equally amazing for an individual to realize that while he may not be able to remember the 23rd Psalm, word for word, he can instantly sing every note, and almost correctly, of such a compli- cated number as the seguidilla afore- mentioned. Now why is this? Words, after all, no matter how clev- erly and beautifully arranged, have no pattern, physically, in the vertical. All our writing is horizontal. ‘Whereas music, by its rise and fall on the staff, with its various kinds of notes, rests, bars, beats, accents, musical marks, etc,, gives the mind something else to remember. ‘This “up and down” of music is pat- tern, in one very good though elemental sense. 1t will be found that every tune which one recalls has made an indelible pat- tern in the memory. This pattern stands out much as the lines of a drawing which somehow one recalls without the picture being actually present. * x * % The delight of this recollection is one of the greatest in all music. This recollection reaches its peak when the music actually sounds, let us never forget that. It reaches forward. just as it reaches backward; the listener is able to make the lines and curves there in the air before the instruments or the voice or both put them there actually. This is pattern, and it means just that. I is musical recollection before all which enables the listener to make music his own. It is lack of it which makes so many strained, perplexed faces at symphony concerts. These good people have not realized that they mostly lack the real key to the situation. * x x x The listener to music of any type ought to try to see those melodic lines as they flow, those weavings of notes up and down. The grasp of this is what makes music what 1t is. ‘There are the sounds there in the air, which even Fido hears, but there also is the pattern, whose recognition to the mind of man is & delightful thing. It is precisely here that the science and emotion of music are linked and made one. Fido hears the music the same as his master, but the two-legged listener begins to have musical memory the first time he hears a composition, and often has the pleasure of exercising it before the composition ends. Is this field the listener is one with composer and musician; let him remem- ber this always, and make the most of it. STARS, MEN AND ATOMS Notebook of Science Progress in Field, Laboratory and Study. BY THOMAS R. HENRY. Some order is being established in the highly confused complex of the vitamins, minute amounts of which in the diet are essential for physical welfare. Seven of them now are essential for man, and the results of deficiencies have in most cases been experimentally deter- mined. The nature of one of these seven, lack of which results in pellagra, is entirely unknown. All that is known is that there is something in certain foods which brings about marked improvement ifi | pellagra patients. The present status of the vitamins was explained before the American Dietetic Association, meeting in Richmond last week, by Dr. R. V. McCollum of Johns Hopkins University, one of the country’s foremost authorities on dietary defi- ciencies. It is entirely possible, of course, that other necessary vitamins may be dis- covered in the future. One of the great difficulties of a valid assay of their effects is that the results of a mild deficiency may be sub-clinical in manifestations. Thus the average diet is almost bound to contain enough vitamin C, or ascorbic acid, to prevent any condition which actually would be diagnosed &s scurvy, Yet thousands of children may be suf- fering from a vague syndrome which is a very mild form of scurvy and, under normal circumstances, never will de- velop into & clinical form of the disease. Here is essentially the present-day vitamin picture, as presented by Dr. McCollum: Vitamin A—A yellowish oil obtained from fish liver plls by distillation in a high vacuum. Deficiency in the diet results in: 1. Formation of cysts of a horn-like substance in glands and various other organs, especially the lungs. 2. Probable susceptibility to kidney stones. 3. Formation of skin lesions over the thighs, arms and shoulders, believed to be the earliest clinical manifestation. 4. Defects in vision due to the fact that the vitamin seems to be necessary for the regeneration of visual purple in the retina of the eye. Vitamin Bl, contained in yeast. De- ficiency in this diet results in: 1. The Oriental disease known as beri- beri, practically unknown in the United States. 2. Possibly & sub-clinical beri-beri which may be very common and charac- terized by weakness, vague pains, indi- gestion, etc. The only evidence for this is that such a syndrome is often im- proved markedly by yeast administration. 3. Possibly one form of diabetes asso- ciated with neuritis and stomach trouble. 4. A condition resembling pernicious anemia which is not relieved by liver but does respond to a Vitamin Bl concen- trate. Riboflavin, the greenish yellow pig- ment of milk whey. Effects of riboflavin deficiency: Rats cannot survive or grow with- out it. It is probably essential to human nu- trition but nobody knows why. Once it was identified with the factor in diet which prevents pellagra. This has been shown to be in error. Ascorbic acid or Vitamin C. Deficiency results in: ’ 1. Scurvy. 2. Possibly a sub-clinical scurvy un- recognized by physicians and especially prevalent among children. . 3. Greater susceptibility to infections such as tuberculosis and diphtheria. 4. Possibly a rheumatic tendency, lead- ing to rheumatic fever. Vitamin D, found in fish liver oils. Deficiency results in: 1. Rickets, dus to :decrease in the 4 content of inorganic phosphate ions in the blood and an extraordinary effect on the behavior of cartilage cells in the region of growth of developing bone. 2. Poor calcification of enamel and dentine, resulting in bad teeth. 3. Marked lengthening of the hours of labor in child birth. 4. Probably enlargement of the para- thyroid glands, which is most marked in the northern part of the United States. 5. A possible tendency toward mastoid infections. A vitamin, or group of vitamins, the nature of which is unknown, deficiency of which produces pellagra. All that is known is that administration of liver, yeast or wheat germ often produces dra- matic changes for the better. These changes are not produced by controlled experiments with any single vitamin. Vitamin E, found in wheat germ oil. Effects of deficiency are: 1. Probable human sterility. 2. In the rate death of resorption of the unborn embryos. Beyond this, about 20 vitamins have been reported. The validity of many of them is in doubt. Some appear to be essential to various kinds of animals but not to be necessary for man. ————— Machine Picked Cotton. From the Philsdelphia Evening Bulletin. The mechanical picker’s arrival on the cotton fields for' commercial use may make this season & historic one in the South. Its impact has as yet not been noticeable, as there are comparatively few of the machines and an actual shortage of labor exists in the cotton belt when a large crop is to be picked. The machine in its present form cannot do as good & job as most of the hands that now gather in the cotton. But it beats the trashy picking of the in- competent, and it is cheaper. Refine- ments’ in the cleaning and ginning process or in-the machine itself may be expected to make it more than a match for the best hand labor. Surplus of cotton has been so much talked about that its expanding use has been neglected. Yet the United States and the outside world manu- factured more cotton goods in the past year than ever before. More use still would have been found for the raw product had not nations bent on self- sufficiency attempted to use substitutes which cannot justify themselves on an economic basis. The cheaper price for cotton which the mechanical picker forecasts may tap a vast market which the higher price has kept sealed. There has never yet been found as advantageous a place to grow cotton as in our South- ern States, and a better and cheaper way of picking may help create a wider market for its labor than now exists. Double Alumnus. Prom the Winaton-Salem Journal. He may not be once & man and twice a child, but these homework assign- ments drawn by his children make one twice a graduate of high school. Another Scrap? From the Cleveland News. Belgium and Germany are signing something which, in the light of history, might be described as & non-aggression scrap of paper. Just Broke Even. From the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Gangster Brady, who started out to make Dillinger look like an amateur, could do no better than tie the score. ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN., A reader can get the answer to any question of fact by writing The Evening Star Information Bureau, Frederic J. Haskin, Director, Washington, D. C. Please inciose stamp for reply. Q. In what years have the New York Yankees and New York Giants met in the World Series?>—C. B. A. In 1921, 1922, 1923, 1936 and 1837. The Giants have won twice and the Yankees three times. Q. Where and on what charge did l;arcry Sinclair serve a prison term?— A. He served it in the District of Columbia Jail from May 6 to November 21, 1929. He refused to answer ques- tions asked him by a United States Senate committee and was sentenced by Justice Hitz of the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia. Q. Does Mussolini guard?—W, H. A. Premier Mussolini is guarded day and night by 800 special police. have a special Q. What was the date of the big storm in Galveston, Tex., in 1915?—M. R A. It occurred on August 16 and 17. Q. Should long-haired dogs be sheared in hot weather?>—C. D. A. A. It seems to be the consensus of veterinarians that it is injurious to shear or clip a long-haired dog in the summer. Veterinarians claim that the hair keeps off the intense rays of the sun, which are often detrimental to the skin and, in fact, to the health of a dog. While Ave may think that the hair would cause the dog discomfort. it is recommended that the practice of clipping a dog be abandoned. The thick hair on a dog's body acts as an insulator against heat and cold. Q. What is the name of the deposit resembling sawdust that is left by cer- tain insects?—E. L. W. A. Frass is the refuse left by insect larvae. . Q. Are there any left>—W. H. J. A. This was a tribe of Yuman stock formerly living near the mouth of the Colorado River and around the head of the Gulf of California. Their number were estimated at 3,000 in 1775. The: are now only & few on the Yuma Rese- vation in California and others in Me: co. They are good agriculturists. Cocopa Indians Q. Who played the title role in “E Frome” in the New York production® C. H. A. The part was played by Raymor Massey. Q. Are slot machines legal in Flo: ida?—J. L. A. By action taken at the last sessic of the Legislature they are now bannec in that State. Q. How many divorced persons are there in the United States?—A. W. A. At the time of the last census, there were 1,062,626. Q. What is bar gold?—R. B. A. Tt is gold in the form of bars of 2 specific weight and fineness. When gold is shipped from one country to another in payment of obligations, it is shipped in the form of bar gold. Q. How old is George Ade?—F, L. A. He is 71. He first came into promi- nence with his “Fables in Slang,” written for the Chicago Record, 1890-1900. Q. Has New York University a special law course for women who want to know the elementary principles of contracts, leases, personal property, etc.?—C. M. A. The Woman's Law Class at New York University is not a law course in the accepted meaning but is devoted to ' the practical problems of women who desire familiarity with legal terms, gen- eral principles of law, and operations of the court. The course consists of 15 weeks each term, leading to a certificate. Q. What is the best time of year to visit Death Valley, California?—W. J. A. Although it is visited throughout the year, from November 1 to May 1 is the ideal time to enjoy the valley. Q. What is the ornamental holder for & hot coffee cup called?—L. M. A. The word, zarf is used, as the hold- er is common in the Levant and zarf is Arabic for vessel. Q. Under what name was James Smithson, who endowed the Smithsonian Institution, known in his youth?—G. T. A. He was known as James Macie in his youth and when at Oxford. - He asserted that he was the natural son of Mrs. Macie and Sir Hugh Smithson, the first Duke of Northumberland, whose family name he assumed later. Q. How long did it take Keats to write the “Ode to a Nightingale?"—L. W. A. The poem was written in three hours. Q. What proportion of the body is blood?—E. J. A. Physiologists vary somewhat in their estimates of the total quantity of blood in a man’s body, but it probably amounts to about one-tenth of the weight of the body. In a man weighing 150 pounds there would be from 12 to, 15 pounds of blood. Q. When was Zion, IlI, established as the headquarters of the Christian Catholic Church?—D. T. A. In 1800. Q. Where did Jacob Epstein, the sculp- tor, study?—F. W. A. He studied under Rodin in Paris, —— A Rhyme at Twilight b y Gertrude Brooke Hamilton. Divided We took life’s path together, you and I; And then You stepped across a tiny stream 8o narrow that our hands could touch and clasp; We still could walk together, plan and dream. Then the brook widened, and the sun went down; Deep shadows settled on the darkening path And our hands fell apart. In silence we Puuuedhout way in the day’s after- math. The night closed in.. The rill had wilder grown; I could not hear you answer when I called. I walked alone. stream . 1 knew in dark you struggled on- appalled. Across the wide, wildy