Evening Star Newspaper, September 30, 1937, Page 15

Conservatism on Budget Growing Business Situation Held Cause of Fiscal Concern. BY DAVID LAWRENCE. VIDENCE begins to accumulate that, while President Roose- velt is traveling in the West, the principal officers of the QGovernment here are growing more and more concerned about the gen- eral business situation. .Whatever is the outward appear- ance of unruffied ealm, there is a eertain trend toward the con- servative side of things which is § unmistakable. Ev- ery time business § goes a bit sour, i the budgetary sit- uation is brought up and there is & hurried as well as studied effort to give the country some degree of reassurance about the budget. Mr. Roosevelt himself betrayed his tnner concern about the fiscal situa- tion when he interpolated a remm"k about it at Cheyenne and then again In his Bonneville Dam speech. He said only & few words on each occasion, but he reiterated his pledge to balance the budget, and got the necessary headlines on the subject. And therein lies the nubbin of the whole problem of business readjust- ment. Government expenditures in certain lines are slowing down and the process is very painful, indeed, be- eause the business world is not in & position to take up the slack caused by withdrawal of Government opiates, otherwise known as pump-priming. Arbitrary Factors Imposed. The reason why business cannot ab- sorb the idle workers or why the masses do not increase their purchas- Ing power is that the New Deal has imposed several arbitrary factors that raise havoc with the whole economic system. One of these—the undistrib- wted surplus tax—is the most defla- tionary and destructive piece of legis- lation in 50 years. There seems no doubt that consumer resistance has started in earnest in many lines of trade. The poor people whose pay envelopes have not been and probably will not be increased under the New Deal are being asked to buy products made by persons whose pay roll has been materially in- creased. The number benefited in fncreased wages is small, relatively epeaking, but the monkey wrench thrown into the price structure is big pnough to produce a considerable diminution in purchasing power on the part of the unorganized workers. ‘The secret of business improvement always is in the increase in volume of goods sold at reasonable prices. As prices rise unduly volume drops off. The fixed income groups and unor- ganized workers constitute the bulk of the Nation’s working population and they cannot exchange their present earnings for the higher-priced goods produced at the new labor costs. Acts as Vicious Circle. ‘The only alternative is to find a way to increase the total earnings of the umorganised group. This will not happen unless there is an increase in production. This in turn is im- peded because trade barriers inside the United States to the exchange of goods between groups of purchasers are steadily created by the acts of the Roosevelt administration itself, In dozens of different lines the Government is killing the goose that lays the golden eggs of employment. Ome of the principal offenders is the National Labor Relations Board and its examiners, who are harassing em- ployers to such an extent that they eannot do any planning. Collective bargaining is being construed as giving a right of collective bludgeoning. Indi- vidual manufacturers are being com- pelled by Government - encouraged unions to shorten hours and increase pay rolls beyond the point that man- ufacturers can expect to sell their goods to the public at a profit. The collusion of governmental power and economic leverage on the part of & minority of the Nation’s workers has grown to destructive proportions in recent months, so that wholesalers are afrald to stock up because they think consumers will not buy and producers sre afraid to refuse to grant labor's demands because of threatened strikes snd bulldozing by the labor board. The result is that the producers are trying to pass the labor costs on to the public and the public is resisting. Seasonal Pick-Up Fails. ‘The trend began to be noticeable several weeks ago, but was deemed to ‘be part of the seasonal slump of Sum- mertime. Now that the Autumn sea- wson is here the expected pick-up has failed to materialize and the trend of Pusiness continues steadily downward. Labor leaders know that, when strikes occur, the Government relief rolls will be used to assist them. Man- agement knows that, if it attempts to employ idle workmen who want to work in place of those who ask unrea- sonable pay increases, intimidation will be brought to bear. Either gov- ernmental power will be used to pre- vent strike breakers from being em- ployed or else local authorities con- trolled by labor unions will overlook outright tactics of coercion and vio- lence in picketing. There is no check in labor’s demands, so labor unions are, in many instances, asking the fmpossible in wage increases. Stimulated by Mr. Roosevelt's cry of hate for all producers as “economic royalists,” the demands of labor are growing even as the business situa- tion has grown steadily worse. Small business men as well as large busi- nesses now find themselves pinched. Take the undistributed surplus tax. It was gleefully asserted by the ad- ministration experimentalists that this would bring in billions of revenue. All srgument about the dangers of the tax was brushed astde as blind re- actionary nonsense. Relatively Little Revenue. Today the effects of the tax are to be noted far and wide. Relatively little revenue has been collected. Big business has had to distribute its earnings, so it cannot husband re- sources for expansion of facilities. If attempts are made to float capital Joans, there is the awkward and for- bidding situatlon created by the Gov- ernment’s own restrictions on capital markets. The unbalanced budget has brought to the financial markets much uneasiness. Few issues of securities have been floated this year. ‘The companies which need money . for expansion do not want to borrow @ the banks. The latter are not sup- ! David Lawrence. THE EVENING What’s Back of It All Market Drop Minimized as Barometer, But Econo- mists Won’t Predict Immediate Upturn. BY H. R. BAUKHAGE. PFHE mysterious stock market debacle last week now seems to justify the caution signal raised privately by Government economists and displayed in this column’s midmonth survey of the business scene. However, there is no disposition among the experts here to consider the market drop as a real barometer of business conditions. Those who advise the administration’s money men declare, and Federal Reserve statements confirm, that general conditions withstood with remarkable fortitude the loss of values registered by the stock exchange. However, they are tight-lipped when it comes to predicting an immediate upward trend in business. But these experts point out one factor which they hope will con- tribute toward general confidence. it.is the obvious effort of the Presi- dent to paint the word “economy” in big letters across the Washing- ton fiscal horizon. He is talking it on his West- ern trip, and, evidently by pre- . rarrangement, Secretary Morgenthau is amplifying the policy from the Treasury doorstep. » While there is a high premium on long-range predictions of any kind, this is the way cautious observers in Washington privately interpret what they see. A period while business “digs in” for the Winter: consolidates what gains it has in the hope of a Spring drive for a jurther recovery on a wider front. Chances for success for this drive, about even. Obstacles—More wars or rumors of war, inability of the administration to dispel fear of further Government “interference” and Congress. “ e Government economists are frank in refusing to minimize the im- portance of what happened on Wall Street, but point to the other side of the picture as they see it. Car loadings, perhaps a better index of prosperity than the ticker tape, last week reached their highest level since 1930. Retail and wholesale trade has been expanding since Labor day. Increased farm income is measured by bountiful harvests of wheat, cotton and corn at remunerative prices. At this point the psychological economist offers a word. He says that it is time to remind the public of the President's remarks in 1933, when he said that what this country had most to fear was fear. ‘This “fear psychology” is suggested as part of the explanation of the pres- ent financial situation. Secretary Morgenthau, perhaps with this in mind, was quick to call attention to the bond market, which didn't get frightened and which, he said, was “behaving beautifully” despite the crash in stocks.’ “ e Other reasons behind the steady bond market were perhaps the excess reserves of member banks of the Federal reserve system, which increased in the flve-week period ending September 22 from $800,- 000,000 to $1,000,000,000 as the result of a release of gold by the Treasury from its inactive account. The bulk of the increase in ex- cess reserves went to New York City banks, and, on September 22, these banks had excess reserves of $350,000,000, Chicago banks had $50,000,000, and banks elsewhere $60,000,000. PR Getting down to brass tacks, Government statistics show: 1. Despite the seasonal lull, a slight advance last month, over the two months, in industrial activity. 2. Early in September, a de- cline in the steel output, but an in- creased volume of new orders. This gain, however, measured against a relatively low August level. 3. The seasonal drop in auto- mobile production, predicted to mark the year's low. 4. Construction contracts lower. 5. Little improvement in fac- tory employment. 6. Slight decline in factory pay rolls. In the following chart each index figure is based on 1923-25 averages s 100, except prices, which are based on the 1926 level. Most of the figures are adjusted for seasonal variations and are official, except those of Sep- tember, which are privately estimated: " 3 uonanpos rernsmpuy s2011d aqusaouM 1920 average 1936 average 1937 January - 109.0 82,0 90.6 95.8 1011 1048 105.2 102.9 100.4 103.7 88.0 874 872 87.9 875 September (est. 373 (Copyright. 1937, posed to make capital loans. But even STAR, WASHINGTON, though some banks are disposed to do so, the companies that borrow can- not lay aside annually enough money to pay off such capital loans. This is because, if they retain reserves to do 50, they pay an enormous penalty in taxes. The undistributed surplus tax is the reverse of all ideas of thrift and prudence, It says, in effect, “don't save your money, go ahead and incur debt.” Up to recently business men felt that they were proceeding soundly by laying aside enough out of earnings to improve their plant facilities. The cost of building reserves now becomes prohibitive, and borrowing in the cap- ital market, of course, is next to im- possible for reasons set forth above. The administration’s left hand doesn't know what its right hand is doing. Tax receipts are essential to a balanced budget, yet the sources of Cut from the choicest, new dark brown or black calfskins. $13.50 insure perfect protection CH.SHRINEREURNED | FREN i RNER WEATHER - PROOF taxation are rapidly being exhausted. Today the Federal budget expenses are at the highest point in the peace- time history. The tax receipts are also approaching the highest point ever attained. If this condition exists in a year ilke 1937, what will the Govern- ment do about a balanced budget when unemployment starts again as a consequence of curtailed consumption, which always means curtailed.output and more idleness and less tax money from business? d ‘The New Deal can meet the crisis temporarily by more inflation, but for a permanent cure the Roosevelt ad- ministration will have to perform a surgical operation on its own policies and get some tax revision legislation passed soon enough to prevent a major depression from developing out of the recession that is now going on. (Copyright, 1937.) OXFORDS Featured at s & Thos. Saltz, Inc., 1409 G St. N.W. NEW FALL STYLES Distinguished by their smart simplicity, our new models offer a welcome relief from the usual over- decoration of ordinary weather-proof oxfords. Damp- proof extra weight uppers and overweight soles in all kinds of weather. Other models $10.00 to $15.50 SHRINER Shoes $8.75 See Thase New Styles at LEWIS & THOS SALTZ INCORPORATED 1409 G STREET, N. W. NOT CONNECTED WITH SALTZ BROTHERS INC, D. C, THURSDAY, THE opinions of the writers on this page are their own, not necessarily The Star’s. Such opinions are presented in The Star’s effort to give all stdes of questions of interest to its readers although such opinions may be contredictory amon themselves and directly opposed to T% e i e Star’s. New Party Line-Ui:;_ The Court Issue Rather Than Traditional Groups Should Be Rallying Ground. BY MARK SULLIVAN. VERY newspaper reader knows there is ferment about ques- tions having to do with line-up, party organization, party prin-- ciples. The ferment exists in both par- ties. In both the Republican and Demo- cratic parties are great groups who are dissatisfied, who are puzzled and anxious. The fer- ment raises the whole broad ques- 3 tion whether our long-existing me- chanism of two- party govern- ment is adequate for present and immediately fu- ture conditions, : Every newspaper reader knows this ferment exists; a person who re- ceives as many letters and has the contacts of the writer of this article knows it even more. The question cannot be answered, indeed cannot be fully stated, in so short a space as the present dispatch But one aspect of it can be illustrated by pointing to a condition existing in Indiana. I write without recent knowl- edge of events in that State; I use Indiana merely for purposes of illustra- tion. The same situation, in slightly different forms, exists in many other States. The situation in Indiana is a minjature of the situation in the country. In Indiana is a Democratic Senator, Frederick Van Nuys. He comes up for renomination next year. He is one of the Democratic Senators who opposed President Roosevelt's court measure. Because he opposed Mr. Roosevelt's court measure, the Democratic organi- zation, in Indiana and at Washington, is going to try to prevent his renomi- nation. Sentence of party death for him has been handed down practically officially. Om the day the President’s court measure was defeated, the Dem- ocratic Governor of Indiana called on the President, and on leaving the White House said, in effect, that Mr, Van Nuys must not be renominated. The sentence of doom has been re- peated on other occasions. Might Bring New Group. The Democratic organization's de- termination to prevent renomination of Mr. Van Nuys will probably succeed. It can succeed in Indiana, even though similar attempts in other States—to prevent renomination of other Demo- cratic Senators who opposed the court proposal—may not succeed. The rea- son the attempt is likely to succeed in Indiana is that Indiana, almost alone among the States now, preserves the old convention system of making party nominations. Under the convention system it is much easier for the party organization to do what it wishes. Assume, then, that Senator Van Nuys is deprived of renomination by the Democrats in Indiana. Assume the Democratic organization in In- diana nominates in place of Mr. Van Nuys some one pledged to support President Roosevelt’s court plan, pledged to support all other measures of Mr. Roosevelt, pledged to be a rubber stamp for Mr. Roosevelt. With that kind of man nominated by the Democratic organization of Indfana, with Senator Van Nuys defeated because he opposed the President’s court measure—in Mark Sullivan, other Democrats? done by those Democrats who approve Mr. Van Nuys, those Democrats who R 22.0.2.0.0.2.0.0.2.0.0.0.2.0.0.2.0.9.9.0.¢.2.0.9.20.8.00.¢.20.¢.2.¢ x X SAROUKS KERMANSHAHS KASHANS BIJARS KANDAHARS HERIZE KERMANSHAHS ISPAHANS SERAPIS KERMANSHAHS BOKARAS SAROUKS KABISTANS BOKARAS KERMANSHAHS future. as represented. Fo e e e ok ke e e Tk e Tk e ok sk ke s sk ke ke ks sk ke ke ke ko sk ke ke ke ok ke ok dokok ke keokok ok that | situation, what would be done by the | What would be | CHINESE, best quality oppose Mr. Roosevelt's court measure, and those who, on broader grounds, oppose Mr. Roosevelt'’s course gen- erally? These Democrats, it is tenable to assume, would not accept the defeat of Mr. Van Nuys lying down. I speak only from surmise, but it seems likely that they would organize a separate movement, a new, independent or Jeffersonian Democratic organization, and would nominate Mr. Van Nuys for the Senate. Alignment Changed. If that happens, what will the In- diana Republicans do? One course they can take is to say, in effect: “Hooray! The Democrats are split in two; we can now elect a Republican.” The Republicans can say that and do that. It is the conventional course, the familiar course, the course that under old conditions has been polit- ically astute. Under old conditions, yes. But if the Republicans do that, will their line of thought be correct for the present conditions? The premise underlying that kind of Republican strategy is that the country is divided between Republicans and Democrats. But is that premise cor- rect? Maybe. To say whether that premise is correct is to answer the whole question involved in the current ferment. And to give an offhand answer to that would be, as Josh Billings used to say, “2 mutch.” Let us, for argument's sake, consider another possibility. Let us assume the true line-up today is not the old one between Republicans and Democrats; let us assume that, temporarily or for a long period, the old terms, “Demo- crat” and “Republican,” are inade- quate and misleading. How, then, shall we express what the new line-up is? Probably the public would express it offhand as New Deal- ers and anti-New Dealers. But those terms are unsatisfactory because some of the New Deal is accepted as good by nearly everybody. We might describe the new line-up as “left” versus “right”— that would be more accurate than New Dealers versus anti-New Dealers. Court Not Party Issue. But if we narrow it down to the issue that is actually present and paramount, we would use still another pair of terms. If the issue is the President’s court measure, then the accurate terms for the division would be court measure supporters against court measure opponents. Those terms are too clumsy for popular use. But they express the situation accurately. Assuming these to be the correct terms for the new line-up, turn back to Indiana. If in that State there are three nominations for Senator, they would be distributed as follows: The regular Democratic nominee would be for the President’s court measure. The independent Democratic nominee, Mr. Van Nuys, would be against the Presi- dent’s court measure. The Republican nominee would be against the Presi- dent’s court measure. In this situation the shoe is on the other foot. In this situation, looking at the line-up in terms of the court measure, there will be one candidate in favor of the court measure, two candidates against. It is not the Democrats who are split, it is the opponents of the court measure who are split. And that is the thing which, throughout the whole country, must be prevented if there is to be, next year, an intelligent line-up of voters looking to & clean-cut decision on the court measure. To have in each State a clear and simple opportunity for every voter to take a stand against A SPECIAL SALE ORIENTAL RUGS Moderns and Semi-Antiques 30% to 50% Below Present Prices: 9ft.x12£t. 9ft.x12ft. 9ft. x12ft. 9ft. x 12ft. 8ft. x 10 ft. 13 ft.9in. x 19 ft. 6in. 10 ft. 8in. x 18 ft. 8ft. x 10 ft. 7£t.2in.x11£t.9in. 8ft.4in.x11ft. 7in. 10 ft.x 18 ft. 3in. 7ft.x101t. SCATTER SIZES 41t.x7£t. 4ft. x61t. 4ft. x6ft. 3ft.x5ft. Also other sizes and qualities as low as $10 A Rare Opportunity to Buy Fine Oriental Rugs at Worth-While Savings! v We feel sure these prices will not be duplicated in the near v Hinkel’s reputation for RELIABILITY and RESPONSIBIL- ITY is your guarantee that everything that Hinkel sells is Drive Out . . . Plenty Parking Space . . . E. P. HINKEL & CO. Rug and Carpet Cleaning . . . Fine Floor Coverings 600 Rhode Island Ave. N.E. SEPTEMBER 30, 1937. We, the PeoPIe The Nightshirt That Failed, or the Charge of the Ku Klux Klan Shouters. BY JAY FRANKLIN, The attempt to wave the bloody nightshirt of the Ku Klux Klan has failed to stampede the New Deal liberals. ‘The motives which prompted this sudden attack upon Supreme Court Justice Hugo L. Black can only be guessed. It looked like legitimate journal- istic enterprise. It looked like a good chance to embarrass the President and put the judiciary reform bill in camphor. It looked like a hot issue to divert moral indignation from the wholesale denial of civil liberties to industrial workers by focusing attention on the famous postwar reaction of the old Bouth to the economic and political struggle for race equality. To & handful—men who argue like Mark Sullivin with the zeal of the Inquisition that a public official should be impeached for his past private beliefs—it offered a hope that Mr. Black could be taken off the Supreme Court before he had a chance to pass on the public utility holding company act and other liberal measures up for ju- dicial review. To G. O. P. politicians it, offered a good talking point and a belief that the liberals could be wea: away from the Rooseveltian pap. * * k% Judging by liberal comments, the plan seems to have been a Jailure. Even Senator O’'Mahoney of Wyoming, a Catholic and an opponent of judicial teform, is quoted as saying that he knew of Mr. Black’s Klan background but voted for his confirmation because he “thought Black had grown up” and “because I had never seen him show any signs of prejudice.” * kX K Senator Norris of Nebraska has also spoken powerfully in behalf of Mr. Black and other Progressives have added their opinion that his real offense was his record of militant liberalism in economie and social issues. The rank and file are rallying behind this mature and level-headed appraisal of the Tory resurrection of a dead-and-buried issue. The New Republic and the Nation—both traditionally outspoken advocates of Jjustice to the Negroes—have joined in support of Mr. Black's liberalism In one of its loin-grinding editorials, the New York Times—leader in dignifying this attempt to revive sectional bigotry—gives the show away. “The New Liberalism”"—complains this weaithy organ—concentrates its fervor on the economic issues from which arise racial and religious intol- erance. Like many other individuals and institutions, this paper finds it easy to quiver with rage at events a thousand miles away and years ago, * x Kk % “What do memories of such things matter,” it asks sarcastically, “memories of the night riders and the lash and the tar barrel and the smoking flesh of some Negro spitted on the stake, in the light of the present struggle over economic issues and the present attack on “‘vested rights?’ Of what importance are old records of bigotry and religious persecution, compared with a Senator’s vote on some new bill to curb industry and tax the rich?” . * Kk K X This casts a new light on the anti-Black “crusade.” The passjonate reluctance of the embattled millionaire to part with that which is due, under the law, to the Internal Revenue Bureau, has long been known. It is natural, if undignified. In fact, recent news stofies tell triumphantly how, rather than pay the tax on undivided surplus, corporations are pay- ing out bonuses to their employes and stockholders (which was exactly what the tax was intended to do. In the meantime, the liberal lines have held remarkably firm and the liberals themselves seem to be discarding the most dangerous and self- defeating element in their political tradition—the notion that a public servant must be judged, not by what he does, but by what certain liberals believe he ought to think. The old parable of the bad tree putting forth good fruit has, until now, never been understood by American iiberals, and as a result their leaders have been discredited * and isolated by those who had the means to demonstrate that all popular idols have feet of clay. On the whole, I think that the Nation is to be congratulated on its steadiness in the face of this imposing red herring of Mr. Black's alleged membership in the Ku Klux Klan. It will take something stronger than the tarnished symbols of yesteryear’s liberalism to defeat economic justice in the third decade of twentieth century America. (Copyright, 1937.) An American You Should Know New S. E. C. Chairman to Ignite Safe and Sane Fireworks. BY DELIA PYNCHON. It looks as though the Securities Exchange Commission may soon iguite a few fireworks of the safe and sane variety. William Orville Dotglas, 8. E. C’s newly elected chairman, who hurried to Washington from an in- terrupted vacation on Cape Cod, stated at a press conference that tie “Commission faces a period of ex- pansion.” He was specific about the how and why. = Mr. Douglas does not put himself in the “crack down” class. He merely calls himself the “investor’s advocate.” Within the framework of the three p . statutes that §. E. C. administers Douglas is on record to protect the investing public. This is bound to insure protests from the “big boys” -of Wall Street Slim, sandy- haired “Bill" Douglas is aimply qualified to fight for principles. of simple honesty. He has fougiit for them all his life. Born in Maine, Minn., in 1898, the son of a missionary, he grew up in Yakima, and Walla Walla, Wash. He worked as a newsboy, farm-hand, junk dealer, to pay his way through school and college. De- termined to study law, he jumped a freight train, landed in New York with 6 cents in hi pocket. He ended up in one of New York's richest law firms; became fed-up with Wall Street; gave it up to teach at Yale University; conducted studies in eo- operation with the Department of Commerce in bankruptcy proceeding<: came to Washington in 1934 to con- duct S. E. C.’s study of protective and reorganization committees; was elect- ed commissioner a year later. Douglas inspires confidence. He has a strong jaw. He has twinkling blue eyes that have a way of glinting dis- concertingly. His boyish grin fis equally surprising from tight-locked lips. His personality is intense and dynamic. It makes you feel almost burned out. It is well known that he works 16 hours a day, is the author of 8 books, 18 law review articles on cor- poration and financial law. Full armed, as Minerva from Jove's brow, your columnist greedily snatched a slice of Douglas’ taxi-to-station time to ask a few questions. “In admin- istering the securities act of 1933 do the prospectuses hide the facts2” “There is a certain immortality about fraud, a skill in telling the truth in oblique ways,” Douglas said. “This must be corrected.” 2 W. 0. Douslas, the court measure or for it is the ' fundamental need to be kept in mind Thomas S. Snelling, Jr. by all persons giving thought to party . policy in both the Republican and Democratic parties. (Copyright, 1937.) . THOS. S.SNELLY Eiffe]l Tower Held Best. 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