Evening Star Newspaper, October 10, 1935, Page 8

THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition, WASHINGTON, D. C. THURSDAY ....... October 10, 1935 THEODORE W. NOYES.. ~.Editor et e A The Evening Star Newspaper Company. Bustness Office: St. Pennsylvania Ave. NzUthorK C.)gd:e 110 East 42nd St. b Chicago Office: Lake Michigan Bullging, =~ Luropean Office: 14 Regent St.. London. Englan Rate by Carrier Within the City. Regular Edition. he Evening Star__. he Evenio and Sunday St hen 4 Sund 45c per month 0c per month 65¢ per month The Sunday Star-... B¢ per copy Night Final Editiol day Star-. Collection made at the end of each month. Orders may be sent by mail or telephone Na- tional 5000. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. ily and Sunday...1 yr. $10.00; 1 §:|Iv only. ~. yro $6.00: 1 unday only-ZZZZZ71 yr. $4.00; 1 0c per month mo.. mo.. mo.. All Other States and Canada. fly and Sunday..l yr. S12 aily owl 1 $R.00; Bunday only. -1 yr. $5.00; Member of the Associated Press. The Associated Press is exclusively entitled to the uee for republication of all news dispatches credited to it or not otherwise credited in this paper and also the local news published herein Il rights of publication of special dispatches fl\‘!tln are also reserved. - 1 mo. 1 mo., 1 mo. —— Snags at Geneva. T Duce has received unexpected eleventh-hour support at Geneva. Austria and Hungary have refused, for the present at least, to associate them- selves with the League's economic ganctions against Italy. Austria declines to desert a friend who came to her aid in the hour of critical need—a reference to Italian mobilization following the German Nazi threat after Chancellor Dollfuss’ assassination. Hungary cannot afford to risk the loss of Italy's trade. While the attitude of Italy’s neigh- bors creates an unquestionably serious breach in the League front against Mussolini, it does not denote the col- lapse of “collective action” to-halt his war on Ethiopia. The covenant does not require sanctions unanimity in the Assembly. A resolution adopted in 1921 specifically provides that “in the case of certain states” it may be “thought de- sirable to postpone wholly or partially the effective application of economic penalties” in order to “reduce to a min- fmum the losses and embarrassments” which such measures may entail. These reservations apply precisely to the cir- cumstances which now actuate Austria and Hungary. The fifty-odd other members of the YLeague, spurred by British leadexship, are expected overwhelmingly to roll up the majority vote required to put sanc- tions machinery in motion. The process of actually setting it to work will at best be slow and cumbersome. mittee of twenty-four member nations must first “co-ordinate” ways and means of making Mussolini feel the practical effects of the punishment he has in- curred. That will take time. While Austria and Hungary supply but a small portion of the goods and materials Italy customarily imports, their abstention from sanctions would afford the Fascist war-makers un- impeded access to the outside world, a loop-hole that might prove of vital importance as a means of replenishing military sinews. Albania and Bulgaria may follow the lead of Austria and Hun- gary. The Hungarians and the Bulgars both crave Italy’s support in their desire for World War territorial revisions. Despite defections on sanctions, League states, because of preponderance in number and economic power, can bring paralyzing pressure to bear on Italy. She could not indefinitely bear the strain of virtually complete stoppage of both her export and import trade. Geneva's plans would be thrown into grave disarray if Germany, believed to be more than sympathetic to Mussolini, should permit her vast resources to be tapped, via Austria, for Italy's benefit. The Reich is technically still a mem-= ber of the League, but Hitler does not regard himself bound by any of its de- cisions in the present crisis. The sanctions snag, however it eventu- ates, throws glaring light on the inherent inadequacy of the League organism. Doubtless it encourages Mussolini to fancy he can still defy it and spill blood in Ethiopia until victory and glory perch indubitably on Fascist banners. He has scored a point in the opening round at Geneva, but the League retains the upper hand. Time will tell how strong the hand really is and whether it carries the punch necessary for a knockout blow. ————ee— Figures are adduced to show that air plane travel is as safe as automobile travel, which is not necessarily very safe, et that. e Political science now scrutinizes every point of local war infection to decide whether there is danger of epidemic. ——.— Tablet to Bancroft. George Bancroft certainly earned the homage which yesterday was paid to his memory. As scholar, historian, demo- cratic philosopher, eulogist of Andrew Jackson and Abraham Lincoln, Minister to the Court of St. James and to Berlin, Becretary of the Navy in President Polk’s cabinet and founder of the Naval Acad- emy at Annapolis he merited the appre- ciation of his country and, especially of the Nation's Capital—the city of his residence during the final seventeen years of his life. Many Washingtonians, it may be pre- sumed, recall him as he appeared in .that matured and peaceful period be- tween 1874 and 1891, when advancing age had softened his partisan feelings ,ind eminent success had endowed him with the honorable pride which a builder of civilization is permitted to take in his achievement. Small of frame, active and alert, quick and efficient of move- ment, he walked or rode horseback through the streets of the District with ‘an air of distinction which prompted *strangers to inquire his name and to treasure with modest happiness the pic- ture of him passing by. He was famous, .and even the house wfjch sheltered him participated in his" celebrity—guides A com- | THE EVENING pointed out the mansion as a contempo- rary shrine. But the inevitable law of supply and demand, the onward march of civic progress eliminated the huge casement= windowed frame structure to make room for the Transportation Building, and the location was in danger of being for- gotten. Conscious of the peril, the Com= mittee on Historic Sites, John Clagett Proctor, chairman, did its graceful duty. A bronze marker was designed, taste- fully executed and set in place at what once was 1625 H street, and in that appropriate way Bancroft is dramatized and immortalized for generations which otherwise might never have known of him save thrcugh his books. The Capital, of course, is too young as yet to have lost more than a few of its monuments. But it is not prematurely early to take steps to protect the past. ‘Where, for example, is the house in which the painter Whistler lived? Where, again, did the poet Walt Whit- man rest his leonine head after a day’s labor in the Treasury Department? The London County Council long since de- cided upon a “standard practice” of labeling historic sites, and Washington is fortunate in being similarly guarded by the committee of which Mr. Proctor now is the presiding genius and to which William V. Cox, William T. Van Wickle, Washington Topham and Allen C. Clark also have contributed their respective shares of effort. r———s Guilty, as Found. Twelve men and women, sitting in New Jersey as a jury at the trial of Richard Bruno Hauptmann for the kidnap murder of the child of Colonel Charles Lindbergh, rendered a verdict February 13 last finding him guilty of that crime, after a trial of six weeks. This verdict was almost unanimously approved as justified and correct by the American public, which was aroused over the case as in very few instances of crime in the history of the country. Yesterday thirteen judges, sitting as a Court of Errors and Appeals for the State of New Jersey, unanimously affirmed that verdict and approved the proceedings by which it had been reached. This finding, too, is universally approved by the public, which remains as keenly interested as ever in the de- termination of the case. It has been in no spirit of vengeance for the kidnaper-murderer that this con- cern in the proceedings of both the trial jury and the appellate court have been followed with such intense interest. | Rather has the anxiety of the people been for the vindication of the law, the demonstration of the efficiency of jus- tice. In so many cases in the past has justice been defeated through the chicane of counsel, the rigid technicality of courts, the incompetence or venality of jurors and the protraction of proceedings to the point of the exhaustion of evi- dence that there was fear lest in this instance the history. of failure would be repeated. And it was recognized that the Hauptmann case was more than the trial of one man for a dastardly crime, but that it was the trial of the law itself and the law enforcement processes. The case against the defendant in this instance was almost wholly circum- stantial. He was accused by clues lead- ing directly to his identity, provided that they perfectly united into a fabric of demonstration. That they did so match was the judgment of the jury and of the appellate court, which yes- terday declared that “the verdict is not only not contrary to the weight of the evidence, but one to which the evidence inescapably led.” Apart from the public concern for the vindication of the law and the prestige of its processes, the case was a dramatic demonstration of the infallibility of circumstantial evi- derce, which must remain, in a large percentage of cases, as the surest means of law enforcement in punishment and in the prevention of crime. There now remain three possible courses for the defense. One is an appeal to the State Court of Pardons, which may commute the sentence to life imprisonment. Another is a motion for a new trial on the strength of newly discovered evidence. A third is an appeal to the United States Supreme Court on constitutional grounds. None of these is likely to be effective. While it is possible that clemency may be extended to mitigate the sentence it is altogether improbable that such action will be taken, in the absence of any mitigating circumstances or conditions. The sug- gestion of new evidence justifying a complete reopening of the case rests, it is apparent, upon hope rather than fact. The way is not assuredly open to the highest court, which has heretofore granted writs permitting such appeals in the rarest instances, and only upon grounds which do not appear in this case. As long as Hauptmann maintains his denial of guilt or implication in this crime there will be some who believe him innocent and his condemnation a grievous error of the law. Assuming that he is guilty, as twelve jurors have de- clared and as thirteen judges have now affirmed, there can under the law of the State in which the crime was com- mitted be no other penalty than his death. —————— Ships that sail on their own risk may easily drift into the rugged individuality that hoists the “jolly Roger” and con- templates piracy as a means of making the privateer effectual as a profiteer. National Health Research. It has long been recognized that the facilities for the proper study of disease and research for means of combating it have been inadequate here in Washing- ton, in conuection with the work of the Public Health Service. Scattered about the country are laboratories under va- rious directions, with the Federal service acting, so far as its means permitted, as 8 central clearing house and distributor of established data. The service itself has been hampered by lack of means to conduct its own studies in com- municable and their cure, and in consequenty the full benefit of dis- not been bestowed upon the national community. Through the donation of a large tract of land on the outskirts of the city the establishment of a research center under the auspices of the Public Health Serv- ice is now in prospect, is in fact veritably assured. Funds for the initial construc- tion have been obtained from the allot- ment under the newly enacted social security law, which set apart $2,000,000- for an annual public health research. No more fruitful enterprise can be undertaken by the Government than the development of an institute of health and thus the immediate prospect of a beginning to that end is highly gratifying and reassuring. That much can be done toward the abatement of epidemic and endemic dis- ease which now counts its victims by the tens of thousands annually has long been recognized. Co-operation between med- ical societies and the State and latterly the Federal authorities in this field has been hampered by the lack of effective laboratory establishments for research, experiment and demonstration. This lack is now to be supplied, with a be- ginning that promises soon to grow into an adequate equipment which, if prop- erly maintained, will contribute richly to the physical well-being of the Ameri- can people. ) One of the evils of war is the arbi- trary control of public expression that it permits. A great general is not neces- sarily a literary critic and standards of taste. are likely to be repressed along with standards of morals. In the pres- ence.of a Mussolini, rigidly requiring the formalities of pppular acclaim, another Verdi would be impossible. ————————— In a delirium of joy a base ball hero was saluted by fellow players with kisses. The Victor Herbert tune “Kiss Me Again” should hardly be allowed rating among our national anthems, —— e Gold continues to flow into America. The situation does not yet recall that of old Midas, who would willingly have traded a nugget for a baked potato. The League of Nations is an organi- zation with a worthy cause, but not immune to the danger common to all organizations of splitting into factions. ————————— Selassie sends word that while he may not be able to carry the punch of a Joe Louis, he will not meet defeat with a patient smile as did Max Baer. ————————————— There is less danger of the abandoned farm if the agriculturist can continue | | next year, despite their very real abilities. to draw pay for the things he might have raised but did not. e A profit is possible in war, but it is not enough to pay funeral expenses, especial- ly when accounting includes graveyards of reputations. —————————. Business shows cheery confidence in definitely anncuncing a bearish market for red ink. e Ethiopia gives accredited envoys the benefit of directions to exit in case of fire or panic. R The League of Nations refers to Italy as an aggressor and to Austria as a digressor. ———————— Shooting Stars. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Cruel Fiction. The sun is shining up on high, The Autumn leaves are bright, The bird out yonder in the sky Goes singing in his flight. But drums will beat where eager feet Are hastening to the fray And joy can never be complete— We'e pretty sad today! The truth is generous and good With beauty earth is filled. Some little word misunderstood With hatred leaves us thrilled. The truth is real. In a gist Of tears it hides away. Fierce pretence it cannot resist— And we are sad today. Destination. “You are setting out by airplane,” said the friend. “Yes,” answered Senator Sorghum. “What is your destination?” “I hope to arrive in San Francisco. If not, my destination will depend on my moral deserving in this present life.” Jud Tunkins says jokes are so scarce that a good one can't get a laugh because everybody is jealous because he didn't think of it first. Information. My radio! My radio 'Mid melodies elysian Some facts I really ought to know Thou tellest with precision. Thou teachest how I ought to live, Thy precepts are the wisest, Yet most attention I must give To what thou advertisest. Art’s Cumulative Impression. “What will you boys in Crimson Gulch do for amusement in the long Winter evenings?” asked the traveling salesman. “Look at Wild West pictures,” an- swered Mesa Bill. “But the Wild West is a thing of the past.” “You don't realize how art can assist nature. Pictures shdw that it is getting wilder and wilder.” Early Egyptian. Joseph cut the crop with care In storage he bestowed them, ‘When days of famine threatened there He'd_generously unload them, He saw in visions far away Some things which serve to shock us. Said he, “Hooray! No A. A. A. Is here just now to block us!” “De boy dat brings an apple to de teachep” sald Uncle Eben, “may not be good b his lessons, but he shows makin’ of & future politician.” STAR, WASHINGTON D. THE POLITICAL MILL By G. Gould Lincoln. ‘The East is to have at least one candi- date in the fleld for the Republican presidential nomination—Representative Hamilton Fish, jr., of New York. Mr. Fish’'s name has been put forward by some of his friends for many months— including Representative Harold Knut- son of Minnesota and former Repre- sentative Royal Johnson of South Da- kota. It has been generally understood that Mr. Fish fell in willingly with the plan. He has been actively on the stump, as matter of fact, with many speeches in many parts of the country. Mr. Fish has been an active and con- stant foe of the Roosevelt New Deal. If there is anything good about the Roose- velt administration the New York Rep- resentative has yet to discover it. He is serving his ninth term in Congress, a Representative from the congressional district which boasts that it is the home of President Roosevelt. He will be 47 years old in December, played on the Harvard foot ball team and was captain. During the World War he served over- seas and had the rank of major when he left the Army. < * ok ok ok Mr. Pish's presidential candidacy has not been taken seriously as yet in a number of quarters. However, there are reports that he has considerable support among the war veterans, and particu- larly in the American Legion. The idea is advanced that it is about time that the veterans of the World War had a representative in the White House. Vet- erans of the Civil War after the con- flict were recognized by the electorate— why not a veteran of the World War? ‘The Fish candidacy does not conform at all with the demand made in many Republican quarters that the next presi- dential nominee of the G. O. P. should hail from the West, preferably from one of the great States of the Middle West. But Mr. Fish and his friends do not see why the populous States of the East, where the electoral votes are thick, should be ignored in the search for a candidate. If Fish goes into the presidential prefer- ential primaries in many of the States which hold such primaries, as it is now declared he will, the story of his can- didacy may be quickly told. If he makes no impression in these States, he is out. But if he showed well, for example, in Ohio, or some of the other States, he might become a contender. * % * % What the Empire State Republicans will do about the Fish candidacy remains to be seen. They have a number of out- standing men in the party—among them Representative James W. Wadsworth, jr., a former Senator: Representative Snell, Republican leader of the House, and former Secretary of the Treasury Ogden Mills. These gentlemen have played prominent part in the party councils in the past. Generally speaking they are regarded as too conservative, too much linked with the “old guard,” to be avail- able for the presidential nomination Fish, on the other hand, while he has been a member of the House for many years, has played more of a lone hand. * ok kK ‘The idea that the cabinet of the next Republican President—if he be elected in 1936—should be a bi-partisan affair has been advanced by several of the gentlemen whose names have been men- tioned in connection with the presi- dential nomination. Mr. Fish, it appears, is one of the latest to advance it. The appeal in such a plan, of course, would be to the Democrats who do not like President Roosevelt and his New Deal. One of these presidential possibilities, it is known, plans to announce, if he be- comes the party’s choice at the Repub- lican National Convention, the names of half his cabinet at least during the campaign. Such a plan wouid definitely commit him to the selection of these men who would be his reliance after he took office. They would be invited to accept appointment and would have accepted, before their names were an- nounced. Holding back half of the mem- bership of the cabinet would leave sev- eral big plums to be awarded after the election had been concluded. Cabinet Jjobs have been used to reward men who have been active in the campaign in the past, as well as to obtain key men to carry forward the work of the Executive. > k% Should a Republican President be elected next year, he would have to face a Democratic Senate. Under no possibilities, barring a plague that wiped the Senate slate almost clean, could the Republicans have a majority in the upper house in the next Congress. The Democrats now have 70 seats—in- cluding the seat made vacant by the death of the late Huey P. Long. Louisi- ana will send a Democrat to fill that vacancy. One-third of the membership of the Senate only comes up for re- election, and of that one-third only 19 are Democrats. If every one of them were defeated by Republicans, the Democrats still would have 52 seats. A majority of the Senate is 49. Under such conditions, it is clear that if a Republican administration hoped to accomplish anything, it would have to be with the aid of some of the Demo- crats in the Senate. The House, too, is strongly Democratic today, more than three to one. But the entire member- ship of the House is to be up for re- election. Should a Republican President be elected, it seems entirely likely that the political complexion of the House would also be Republican in 1937. * kK % For a President to place one or two members of the opposing political party in his cabinet would be nothing par- ticularly new. But if he should have an almost even division between Demo- crats and Republicans, a precedent would be created. A coalition govern- ment in this country looks like an ime possibility, but the plan to have a bi- partisan cabinet, heading the various executive departments of the Govern- ment, would come nearer to it than anything else yet suggested. ‘The Republicans are angling for sup- port of anti-Roosevelt Democrats. There has been talk by some distinguished members of the party of a ‘“coalition ticket,” with a Democrat nominated for Vice President. It is, however, idle talk. In the first place the Republicans are not going to do it. Any coalition will take place at the polls. If a large num- ber of Democrats are sore enough, they will vote against Mr. Roosevelt. Other- wise there will be no coalition. It will be the same kind of coalition that took place in 1932, when _Republicans swarmed to the polls to vote against Mr, Hoover. There seems no doubt, how- ever, that there will be jockeying on the part of the Republicans for a later date for their national convention than the convention date of the Democrats. They will want to see what goes on in the Democratic convention, and what the ‘Democratic platform presents, be- fore they draft their own platform and nominate their candidates. Whether this present desire on the part of Re- publicans to postpone their convention will continue the next few weeks will tell. LR C. Ben Rass, Democratic Goyernor of Idaho, is still intent, it is s$d, upon being a candidate for the Senate next C., THURSDAY, OCTOBER 10, 1935, THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. What will another sub-zero Winter do to roses and privet hedges? These are the plants which seem to have suffered most from the exceptionally cold weather in this vicinity during the past two years. Neither has been killed, but both look very bad. Privet hedges, long the favorite of suburban gardeners, have done nothing all Summer long. They are still alive, but look for all the world as if they were about to die. That thick growth which once so de- lighted the home-loving mind is no more, but in its stead we have sparse, scraggly branches, if there is any growth at all. * K K % As for roses, one has but to look in the public parks to see what they have suf- fered. Even the pink and red forms of Ra- diance, hardiest of all bush roses, under- went an eclipse as a result of the hard Winters of 1933-34 and 1934-35, While their roots are very much alive, and they gave many good roses this sea- son, their appearance is far from thrifty, as any one knows who remembers them in their prime. This is not in just one garden, mind you, but all over the city. Bushes which formerly were adorned -with scores upon scores of fine blooms— we had almost said hundreds of roses— this season did well to produce flowers by the half dozen. * ok ok X Whether the vitality of these roses and hedges is hurt permanently remains-to be seen, but we rather suspect they might as well be pulled up now, for all the good they are going to do in the future. Espe- cially, that is, if another really severe Winter overtakes them. They are still alive, but not doing well. Nature's reserves are vast, but there is a question whether they are quite big enough to bring these hurt plants out of their doldrums. The sick plant is something which has been given little study. We do not mean illness caused by insect, parasites, fungi and the like. These have been the study of hundreds of scientists the world over. Efficient remedies and controls have been devised. The Government has one bureau givtn over to the study of fungicides and insecticides, and many men in other places working on these problems. Every State has its experts at work. Little has been done on the problem of the sickly plant, as distinguished from the attacked one. There are in all gardens certain plants which never do well. They are akin. perhaps, to the child born with- out vitality. Often such grows up and lives for many years beyond the average span, withcut once being fit, in the usual sense, or even in tolerable health. Such persons seldom receive the attention or consideration they should. No doubt in rougher societies they would die off quickly, but in civilized communities their chances for survival and good to them- selves and others are large. Their prob- lems, however, are not considered as they should be. Companions call them “lazy” and speak of their “indifference,” when really at bottom they are ill. It is these people, rather than criminals, who should receive study, and be treated as medical cases. * oK ok % Garden flowers and shrubs which do not do well, but which do not die, either, are known to every one interested in gardening. There is no garden so small it does not have several specimens. One may never bloom. Another never grows. We speak not of plants improperly planted as to light requirements. These STARS, MEN are a special problem, and as long as & gardener will not study such matters he must expect failure or semi-failure, Wild flowers, for instance, cannot be taken out of a shady forest, with their roots growing in old leafmold, and placed in a sunny garden of clay with success. Every one realizes this, but it is astonish- ing how often it is attempted, just the same. The half-failure plant is more of a problem, in some ways, than the com- plete failure, for the latter dies and is dug up, but the former puts out a few leave: each year and leads the owner on to expect greater things of it next season. Only an absolute record, in the form of a seasonal check, will show just how poor many plants are, and how little chance they have of ever doing anything, either for themselves or us. Yet it cannot be gainsaid that it gives considerable of a wrench to the garden- ing heart to throw these things away de- liberately, when they still come into leaf, and give one the feeling that somehow, perhaps somewhere, they would do “good.” That is why one sees so many plants obviously on their last legs, but sticking to life with a tenacity which Nature has implanted in 2!l her creatures. We would not say happily implanted, for often this prelude to dying is long drawn out and unhappy. Even a plant, one must sup- pose, cannot wrest joy from an earth which does not nourish it. * ok ok X The trouble in all such cases, however, lies not so much in the earth as in the very tissues of the plant. Cold, and resultant lack of growth, has done something to the very fibres of their | lives. They no longer are able to make growth. It is this complete lack of growth, this standstill, which worries the amateur gardener. The first remedy he thinks of is the wrong one. Heavy fertilization, in such cases, is a mistake. Nothing will kill a sick plant quicker than to dose it with fertilizer. A little, yes, but not very much—such must be the rule. A small amount of fertilizing elements may do good, whereas too much is bad, very bad. Even the amount given a well plant is far too much. It must be kept in mind that the stand- still plant is incapable of making much use of food elements in the soil, else it would long ago have become flourishing again, for even an average soil, with plenty of water, has enough already, in the majority of cases. * k¥ % If the home owner does not want to dig up and throw away his hedges and roses and other plants which plainly show the marks of adverse Winters, of an intensity to which previous mild seasons had not inured them, then the only thing to do is to watch them carefully—and give them about five years to pull out. Five years, that is, including the past two severe Winters. And supposing that another very cold Winter is not at hand. If it is, there is no telling how many years the recovery may take. Below-zero tem- peratures again might easily “cook” all suffering plants. There is a serious question whether | many varieties of roses are really as hardy as we had supposed. It may be that a long series of mild Winters unfits a plant 16r really cold weather. Some revision may have to be given to our favorites, after all, in the plant world, for a plant cannot continue to be a favorite if it cannot “take it.” AND ATOMS Notebook of Science Progress in Field, Laboratory and Study. BY THOMAS R. HENRY. Identification of a queer little “star” was announced yesterday by the Car- negie Institution of Washington. It is one of the vast host of the “lice of the heavens” which infest the reaches of solar system space between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter—otherwise known as asteroids. But, unlike most of its companions, it has a widely divergent orbit from the plane in which the earth moves in its yearly journey around the sun. This plane presumably results from the direction of the force, whatever it may have been, that first set the planets in motion. Thus the path of Mercury, nearest of the solar system's family to the sun and with the greatest divergence, is inclined only seven degrees from this plane. The orbit of Pluto, farthest of all from the sun, is inclined 15 degrees. All the others have orbits lying within less than four degrees of the ecliptic. The paths of most of the asteroids also lie near this common plane, but among the vast number whose orbits have been calculated some have a much larger in- clination than the larger planets. But when this little mass of rock in the far heavens was first observed by Dr. Edwin P. Hubble of the Mount Wilson Observatory of the Carnegie Institution of Washington its orbit appeared to have an inclination to the ecliptic of nearly 60 degrees. This would have made it probably the most abnormal member of the solar family. It would +have been a veritable orphan of the skies—an out- cast dwarf of the solar family. Except for this abnormality the dis- covery of a new and distant asteroid would have meant little. It probably is a chunk of rock which, like the majority of its fellow asteroids, is little more than 10 miles in diameter. But when a moving object was found by Hubble nearly 60 degrees from the ecliptic as seen from the earth it was recognized as an exceptional object, if an asteroid. The alternative was that it might be a comet. Comets are in an altogether different class. They move around the sun and are subject to its gravitaticnal pull, but unlike the planets, they often move in paths inclined at large angles to the ecliptic. Sometimes the inclination is more than 90 degrees so that they actually move backward around the sun, or in the opposite direc- tion to the stream of planets. Large comets are recognized easily by their tails, and small comets by the nebulous coma which surrounds them. Some of the smallest, however, have little coma and cannot be distinguished from asteroids by their appearance. Hence until the orbit of a newly dis- covered faint object is known its identity is in doubt. The orbit of the object discovered by Dr. Hubble now has been computed by Dr. Paul Herget of the University of Califorma and found to be that of an asteroid with an orbital period of 7.16 years and an inclination to the ecliptic, of 39 degrees. Only one asteroid is known with a larger inclination—the so- called Hildago asteroid with an orbit in- clined 43 degrees. Republican. If the Idaho Senator should become a presidential nominee, the field will be open to Gov. Ross. If not, it 1goks as though the Governor would find , the going difficult. To glefeat Borah in Idaho he will have t up early in s S As early as 1772, it is stated in an account of the discovery issued by the Smithsonian Institution, before any asteroids were known the existence of a planet between Mars and Jupiter was suspected because the mean distances of the planets from the sun form an ascending series except for a large break in this one place. “On the first evening of the nineteenth century,” continues the account, “an Italian astronomer on the Island of Sicily discovered a starlike body which moved in an orbit around the sun at the expected distance. He named the new planet Ceres, in honor of the tutelary goddess of Sicily. But, although it circled the sun precisely as other planets do, Ceres was found to be very small. It was only 480 miles in diameter. “Since then many such bodies, all smaller then Ceres, have been discov- ered. The only way to identify asteroids is by their orbits and while the orbits of less than 1,500 have been calculated, many more than that have been ob- served. So many of these little bodies of rock have been found on astronom- ical photographs that astronomers refer to them as “the vermin of the skies.” Dr. Walter Baade of the Mount Wilson Observatory staff estimates, from the number of asteroids found on photo- graphs, that more than 40,000 of them could be photographed with the 100- inch telescope. Most of these are so small that the combined mass of all of them would make a planet less than 800 miles in diameter. Several theories have been advanced to account for the origin of this remarkable swarm of celestial objects. One of the most plausible is that recently propounded by Sir James Jeans, research associate of the Carnegie Institution of Washington. This theory postulates that the gravitational pull 2xerted by each planet produces a danger zone around it and that a body ap- proaching too closely to such a zone may be pulled apart. Originally there may have been a small planet between Mars and Jupiter which came into some dan- ger zone, probably that of Jupiter, and began breaking up. Nothing is now left of it but these tiny fragments, the asteroids. A Rhyme at Twilight By Gertrude Brooke Hamilton Quietude In the babel of the city, Amid incessant roar, There is a very high brick wall With inward swinging door. Beyond the ivy-covered wall Hedges of pungent box, Untrampled, curving gravel walks, + Beds of late-blooming phlox. On the ivy and the hedges A touch of frost, the sheen ‘Of crystals shining like cold dew Upon the evergreen. The traffic hardly penetrates The deep, balsamic calm— We might stand in some Greek temple Breathing the Gilead balm. ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS By Frederic J. Haskin. A reader can get the answer to any question of fact by writing The Washing= ton Evening Star Information Bureau, Frederic J. Haskin. Director, Washing=~ ton, D.C. Please inclose stamp for reply. Q. What is meant by an undere privileged child?—A. C. K. A. The word is used loosely and has different meanings. Some use the term to refer to children who lack social back« ground, or who have not been given suffi« cient care or have physical defects, or who lack opportunities, or who have mental deficiencies. Q. How is poultry markd to discourage chicken thieves?—J. H. A. A system of tattooing is coming into vogue. The poultryman gets an indi- vidual marker which has little needles in the shape of symbols and letters. The skin of the fowl is pricked on the under side of the wing web and purple ink applied. The brand remains for life. Q. What are the most interesting ob- jects in the sky for the layman to view through a telescope?—D. D. A. The moon, Jupiter and Saturn are usually considered the most interesting. ‘The moon can be brought within a dis- tance of about 60 miles in several of the large telescopes. Q. Please give some information about the American Wild Life Institute—A. M. A. The American Wild Life Institute was created to co-ordinate the forces working in the interest of bringing back to the United States, Canada and Mexico some of the abundant wild life which once existed. It was organized in New York on August 14. The president is Thomas H. Beck. Other officers named are Charles S. McVeigh, vice president; Walter P. Chrysler, chairman of the board of trustees; Powel Crosley, jr, chairman of the Executive Committee. The American Game Association has merged with the institute. Its president, Seth Gordon, is to be secretary of the new organization. Q. Who was the first person to recog- nize the genius of Walt Whitman?— WFG A. In John Burroughs' first book, “Walt Whitman, Poet and Person.” (1867), he | was the first to give adequate recogni- | tion to the genius of the poet. Q. How is lethal gas made and admin- istered in death chambers?—C. L. R. A. Lethal gas is a hydrocyanic acid vapor, formed by dropping lumps of a cyanide salt into acid. In using lethal gas for executions a string is run through | a tube and then the executioner releases | balls of cyanide of potassium into con- | tainers of hydrochloric acid under the | doomed person's chair. This will send up clouds of cyanide gas which will kill the condemned person almost the instant he breathes it. Q. Has Ethiopia an art of its own? —W. H. 8. Y A. Ethiopian art is confined almost entirely to religious art. Most all the churches, which are generally circular in form, are adorned with murals of saints | and biblical scenes. In addition, the ritual of the church requires the use of many highly artistic ornaments, such &s crosses. The processional cross carried at the Cathedral of Sts. Peter and Paul in Washington, D. C, is a gift from the Emperor of Ethiopia to the Bishop of ‘Washington. Religious painting is a matter of craftsmanship handed down from father to son, and many fine exam- ples of bibiica! pictures are still being | painted which are startlingly like those i of the Byzantine period. Q. Who wrote “Abide With Me"?— EP. .G A. The words of the English hymn were written by Henry Francis Lyte not long before his death in 1847. It is | usually sung to the tune “Eventide,” com= | posed by William Henry Monk. Q. Who gives permission for the in- crease of personnel necessary to take care | of the Christmas rush in post offices? | —=C.A.C. A. For the past few years the President of the United States has issued executive | orders allowing the appointment of local people to take care of the rush of mail | at the Christmas season. Q. What is the formal name for the celebration of Bastille day in France?—H. E. A. It is the Fete Nationale, set apart by the government in 1880 for the cele= bration of the fadl of the Bastille, on July 14. Q. Why were Protestants in Northern Ireland called Orangemen?—N. B, A. They were so called from William III of England, Prince of Orange, the Protestant King. Q. How many stories high is the Ste- vens Hotel in Chicago? What is the highest building in that city?—P. J. L. A. The Stevens Hotel has 25 stories, above which there is a tower of four stories. The highest building in Chicago is the Board of Trade, which has 43 floors. Q. Is the belief in the evil eye confined to one race?—H. F. A. This superstition has been found in all parts of the world and in all races. Q. Is any work wrought by Cellini as a goldsmith in existence?—E. H. A. Most of his works have perished. The famous gold and enamel salt cellar of Francis I and the gold medallion of Leda and the Swan are in the Vienna Museum. Two beautiful gold cups are in the Metropolitan Museum, New York. Q. What is a bulbul?>—E. K. A. This is a species of nightingale na- tive to Persia; also an African and Asi- atic perching bird allied to the thrushes, Q. In how many business enterprises did Hugo Stinnes have an interest? —E. M. A. At the time of his death the Ger- man industrialist was reputed to have had an interest in 1,388 business enter- prises and to have controlled one-fifth of all German production. Q. Has Hervey Allen written a biog- raphy of Poe?—E. C. A. His two-volume “Israfel,” published in 1926, is considered one of the best biographies of Edgar Allan Poe. Q. How far on its journey around the sun does the earth travel in a day?— D.s. A. Approximately 1,601,604 miles. The ’o:l”my around the sun is 584,600,000 miles. Q. Why is Selassie called King of Kings?—A. P. A. The title King of Kings refers to the fact that Ethiopia is an empire made up of several kingdoms. Besides being Emperor, Haile Selassie is King of Shoa. Q. 'hm were hoop skirts first worn? ¢ -—J. B.C. . A. Hoops were invented in Spain.