Evening Star Newspaper, October 10, 1935, Page 3

BRITAIN AROUSED BY AUSTRIA STAND Moral Pressure Might Be . Brougkht to Prevent Fur- ther Defections. By the Associated Press. | LONDON, October 10.—The Brit- #sh govetnment moved swiftly behind the scenes on three fronts today, authoritative sources disclosed, to re- pair damage caused by the bolt of Austria and Hungary from the League of Nations' sanctions proposals against Rtaly. The British action was described as: 1. Undisguised disapproval of the position taken by Austria and’ Hun- gary with a hint that moral pressure might be brought against them. 2. Making efforts to prevent such defections from spreading to other members of the League. 3. Exerting pressure to prevent the defections from weakening or nulli- fying the application of economic sanctions against Italy for breaking the League covenant. Stand Is Disappointing. The stand of Austria and Hungary was frankly termed disappointing, al- though not wholly unexpected by in- formed quarters. Strong undercover moral pressure was belleved being brought against the two nations, whose position was variously termed strange, inconsistent and illogical in authoritative circles. Officially, the British government takes the position that their action §s not especially important and that = means will be found to discount it. How this will be done, however, was not explained. Some talk cropped up in London that Austria and Hungary might be punished and even expelled from the League for their defection from the covenant, but authoritative quarters said that no such action was antici- pated, although admittedly there was machinery in the' covenant for dealing with such cases. Authorities declared that the posi- tion of Austria and Hungary always had been regarded as difficult in re- spect to imposing sanctions on Italy but arrangements might have been made to take these positions into ac- count had they not bolted at Geneva. Case Considered Strange. It was said that Hungary's case pould be considered as particularly strange as it is one of the nations which would most benefit by the maintenance of & common front against aggression. In this connection, an authoritative source pointed out that if any one were to gain by the existence of the League of Nations, it was surely the smaller countries and that, therefore, the League was entitled to expect the strongest support from them in return. It was stated that the British gov- ernment feels, however, that the Geneva bolt can safely be circum- vented and a means found of applying sanctions. It was said that some definite action Imight be anticipated by the middle of mnext week with Great Britain con- tinuing to take a foremost part in putting into actual operation the proc- esses of collective action provided by the covenant. Official Brftish circles were repre- gented as believing the League plans for economic pressure would be car- Tied out. Considered significant was the tenor of press comment, which expressed the conviction that Italy might still be forced to tighten her belt. Church Support Given. Other straws on England's senti- fment meanwhile drifted in the wind. The assembly of the Congregational Union of England and Wales, meeting at Brighton, adopted a resolution sup- porting the British government's lead at Geneva and demanding sanctions &nd deploring that Italy, “despite her pledged\word,” had begun hostilities. Two appeals for relief work funds fwere issued yesterday, one signed by the Archbishop of Canterbury, sought to organize a British ambulance serv- Sce: the other, over the name of Lord Noel-Buxton, asked for money to aid Ethiopian children. The Ethiopian Legation expressed genewed thanks for the numerous pflers of military service. Cardiff dockers demonstrated against fhe crew of an Italian ship. An Bpswich foundry firm applied “private sanctions” by its decision to turn down an order worth £11,000 ($55,000) grom the Italian government, which 45 described as “flagrantly ignoring fts treaty obligations.” SPECIAL NOTICES. ¥ WILL NOT BE RESPONSIBLE FOR ANY iebts contracted by any one other than myself. HARRY CARTER. 817 F st sW. othe endable “Service Since 1506 TBSON TRANSFER & STORAGE €O.._phone_Decatur_2500. 15 one of the Iai CHAMBERS ! one of the | world, Complete funerais as low as up. 8ix chapels, twelve pariors, seventeen nd ambulances, twepty-nve kers and assistants. (1400 Chapin Columbia 0433. 617 11tb &t antie 6700 THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. €. THURSDAY, OCTOBER 10, 1935 Ready for Addis Ababa Drive the capital. Geneva (Continued From First Page.) |its obligations under the Covenant, but pledged himself to pursue at'the |same time a search for conciliation |&nd a peaceful settlement of the conflict. Spokesmen for Soviet Russia and | other nations also threw their support | to League action. The Assembly declared itself for sanctions against Italy without an | actual vote. President Eduard Benes |of Szechoslovakia announced that interpreted as concurrence in the de- cision of the Council. Fifty nations thus approved punitive measures. Switzerland, while express- ing readiness to serve on the Sanc- tions Committee and willingness to fulfill the obligations of the League Covenant, however, made some re- servations. Swiss Guard Neutrality. “We do not feel ourselves bound,” |said Giuseppe Motta, Swiss federal councilor, “to take part in sanctions which in their nature would expose our neutrality to real danger.” After Baron: Pompeo Aloisi of Italy | delivered a spirited defense of his na- tion's activities in Ethiopia and pro- | tested against the procedure of letting ! | silence of the | Council ccndemnation of Italy and | application of sanctions, President | Benes asked whether any others |W|shed to dissent or make resgrva- tions. | No one spoke. So the decision of the Council, declaring Italy resorted to war in deflance of Article XVI of the iLeague covenant, was declared ap- | proved. | Premier Mussolini's representative declared it was unfair to accept the | policy that “silence meant consent as 8 method of approving the Council's | condemnation of Italy.” Silence Method Urged. Benes replied that the Steering Committee had recommended the silence method. Under it any nation which did not speak in opposition would be consid- ered as acquiescing to sanctions, mere- ly as a matter of convenience. “There is no obstacle in the way of any delegate who wishes to state his government’s position from the ros- trum,” Benes insisted. Baron Aloisi delivered an 18-page address in his defense of Italy’s East African campaign, declaring: “Italy is convinced that it is she who is interpreting the true spirit of the League of Nations and who in this particular case is fighting not only her own fight but also that of the League of Nations because she wishes | to exalt the spirit of the League, which is synonymcus with iife, against the letter of the League, which is synony- mous with death. Two Principles Mark Path. “Italy, I say, has a legitimate pride in indicating surely to the League of Nations the path which will render the League more living and more effi- cacious. The pathway is marked by two principles. “First, put firmly aside the policy of two weights and two measures. “Second, harmonize the covenant in its entigety: The part which has to do with evolution, with the part which concerns conservation of order —will obtain thus new elasticity which will permit us to follow history and to meet new situations develop- ing at any moment, which. in default of this elasticity, will surely become the source of new conflicts. “No one is better able than Iatly to express this new spirit, its imperious necessity of life. “Finding herself in complete spir- itual and material development, weighted down by historical vicissi- tudés and international restrictions as to territorial limitations which stifie indicate acceptance LL | her, Italy is a country which should PROPOSALS. ROPOSALS WILL BE RECEIVED BY THE ureau of Supplies and Accounts. Navy artment. Washington, D. C.. until 10 o'clock a.m.. October 1935, for fur- barometers. binocilars. clocks, and y am. October 25. 195, aluminum bronze, oil. to the Navy ply for proposals to t les and Accounts. CHARLES CONARD. Paymaster General of the Navy. o ocl0.17 EROCUREMENT DIVISION, PUBLIC 'orks Branch, Washington. D. C.. Oct. 4. 1935—=Sealed bids _in duplicate. will be publicly opened in_ this office at 10 am. Oct. 24, 1935, for furnishing all labor and materials and performing all works for nite base for a bronze tablet at the '8. P. O. Dept. Bldg.. Washington. D. C. Drawings and specificatio) not exceeding one set. may be obtained from this office in the discretion of the Assistant Director f - Procurement. je Works Branch, . E. Reynolds. ~Assistant Director of Frocursment. Public Works Branch. make heard before the Assembly her voice, which is that o: the great pro- letariat demanding justice.” Aloisi demanded to know why the League did not take measurés au- thorized by the covenant with respect to Ethiopia, thus inquiring in effect NORTHERN ARMIES PREPARE FOR NEW)| OFFENSIVE IN The shaded area shows the section occupied by Italian forces invading Ethiopia from Eritrea. Reports today said they were strengthening their positions preparatory to a new offensive in the direction of Addis Ababa— —Copyright, A. P. Wirephoto. | silence on the part of delegates was | why Ethiopia had not been' expelled from the League. Italian People Wounded. _ Aloisi said non-recognition of the validity of Italian arguments wounded the conscience of the Italian people and accentuated Ethiopia's aggressive attitude. “As Italy could not any longer count upon the help of the League of Nations to guarantee her security and her rights, Italy found it necessary to have recourse to her own means to fight against a danger which became more and more imminent.” Aloisi emphasized that Britain had the right to legitimate defense, and that Italy adhered to the Briand- Kellogg pact, outlawing war as an in- strument of national policy. Mussolini’s representative asserted that this was not the first time the League had declared a violation of its covenant. “It is notorious that a violation was admitted in the case of the Sino- Japanese conflict and that a viola- tion was recognized in the conflict be- tween Bolivia and Paraguay,” he said. “Italy, who speaks today, not only before you but before history, which will formulate its judgment, has the right to demand: Why in these other cases were not sanctions spoken of?” Eden Rises to Speak. After the announcement by the president of the Assembly, accepting the council's condemnation of Italy, Eden rose amid an expectant stir. | copper, cotton and wheat, constituted | POPE WOULD GURB ALL WAR EXPORTS Senator Favors Legisiation {o Limit Raw Materials to Belligerents. By the Assoclated Press. y A belief that legislation should be enacted to discourage the shipment of raw materials to warring nations was expressed today by Senator Pope, Democrat, of Idaho,-who has just re- turned from an unofficial survey of conditions abroad. He contended that such exports, which are not included in the embargo imposed by Congress and the Presi- dent against arms and munitions shipments to Italy and Ethiopia, con- stitute the ajor problem in main- taining neutrality. Steel and copper, oil, coal, cotton and “perhaps wheat” were mgntioned by Pope as among the raw materials used extensively by a country at war. Non-Committal on Absolute Ban. As to whether an absolute ban should be placed against shipment of these commodities to belligerents, he said he was not yet prepared to ex- press an opinion. “It may be that the withdrawal of protection from shipments may prove effective in restricting. or preventing them,” he asserted, “but no one knows at present.” His reference to “withdrawal of pro- tection” was based on President Roose- velt's recent declaration »that any Americans who engage in transac- tions of any character with Italy or Ethiopia will do so at their own risk. Pope said he had been informed there were no munitions shipments from this country to Ethiopia recently and that such shipments to Italy had been very small. Much Iron Scrap Shipped. Figures at the Department of Com- merce show raw materials, such as iron and steel scrap, unmanufactured a large portion of the $38.448.453 worth of goods exported to Italy during the first seven months of this year. During the same period, depart-| ment statisticians said, United States exports to Italian Africe mounted to $1,019,466 and to Ethiopia, $53,787. Senator Pope expressed belief that, after the mandatory arms and muni- | tions embargo feature of the present neutrality law expires, next February 29, a law giving the President power to extend the embargo ‘“certainly | should be continued.” “I personally have favored leaving | the President rather wide discretion | in the matter of imposing and con- tinuing embargoes in order that he may meet varying conditions, some of | which may be unforeseen before they arise,” he said. Whether the provision for embar- | The British minister for League af- | goes against arms shipments to bel- fairs said: “There is no need for me |ligerents should be mandatory, or dis- | to repeat this morning the policy of | cretionary with the President, was a his majesty’s government in this dis- pute. “It has already been declared at this Assembly. The policy of his majesty’s government remains firmly based upon the covenant “The League is now faced by its second task. Action must be taken. I declare our full willingness to par- take in that action.” Premier Laval told the Assembly: “France will meet her obligations. I said this at the Council. I now re- peat it before the Assembly. “The covenant is our international law, which we cannot either infringe or allow to be weakenéd. “At this moment when every nation must take its -sponsibility, it is with an emotlon you can well understand that I assume my duties.” The representatives of Haiti and Mexico also pledged their support. —_— HUSBANDS SOUGHT Wives of Missing Men Report Absence to Police. A husband who allegedly deserted his wife 10 years ago and another who has not been seen in six months last night were reported to police for their neglecting ways. Mrs. Nettie Levy, 1416 Irving street, said her husband, Benjamin H. Levy, 45, left a decade ago. She asked police to look for him. The other man, Lewis E. Mudd, became the object of a police lookout at the behest of Mrs. Florence Mudd, 766 Twelfth street southeast. Film Comedian’s Father Dies. LOS ANGELES, October 10 (#).— Edward A. McHugh, 75, father of Frank McHugh, film comedian, died yesterday. The elder McHugh was an actor on the legitimate stage for more than 50 yi Before Selling Investigate the Prices We Pay for OLD GOLD AND SILVER Jewelry of every description, bridge- work; sliver No matter how old or dilapidated any of foregoing ar- ticles might be. you will be greatly gurprised st the cash prices paid (License@ by U. 8. Govt.) SHAH & SHAH 921 F St. N.W. Phene NA. 5543—We Will Call be. th {last Congress. question of sharp controversy in the | Some congressional | leaders at that time reported the President strongly opposed to the man- | datory policy. A compromise was reached by retaining the mandatory character of the bill but limiting that | phase of it to February 29, 1936, Sanctions (Continued From First Page.) that even Yugoslavia, which as an important member of the Little En- | tente has to vote in favor of the| severance of all economic and finan- cial transactions with Italy, will avail itself of the gate which Austria and Hungary are keeping open for Italy to continue its important trade deal- ings with Il Duce. Since last February. the relations | between the two kingdoms have shown a distinct improvement. Italy, antic- ipating a war, agreed to bury the hatchet and intensified her trade rela- tions with the Yugoslavs. Tariff bar- | riers were cut down to a minimum— | most of the foodstuffs coming from Yugoslavia were declared exempt from | duty, and Italian engineers began the construction of an important railway network from the interior of Yugo- slavia to the Dalmatian coast. The Italian contractors provided most of | the necessary material and payment | is not being made in cash, but in raw materials, of which Yugoslavia has a surplus Under the circumstances it is diffi- cult to conceive that that country will not avail itself of the opportunity of trading with Italy sub-rosa through Austria and Hungary. The economic sanctions of the League do not apply to the neutral country if they refuse to vote in their favor. | the Franco-Ethiopian railroad, Italy | has far more capital invested here | First Official _War Photos Above: Mounted advance guard of the Italian Army leading the ‘way during the campaign along the Adigrat-Aduwa front in Northern Ethiopia. (First official photo, telephoned to London from Rome and sent to New York by radio.) Below: Native Askaris, serving under the Italian colors, shown in action with field artillery as they covered Italian advance during the Adigrat-Aduwa campaign. —Copyright, A. P. Wirephotos. Ethiopia (Continued From First Page.) bombproof shelter built under the american Legation. The French Lega- | tion is employing workmen day andl night to construct bombproof shelters | there. Emperor Haile Selassie has ordered the utmost precautions against eir raids of Adis Ababa. Italian planes were reported to have flown over Deri- dawa and Harar, dropping propa- ganda pamphlets. The Emperor’s action on requesting the Italian envoy to leave immediately was regarded by many as a technical victory for Premier Mussolini who, in- stead of recalling Vinci himself, forced the Emperor to give the diplomat his passports. Vinei Requests to Stay. Vinci told the Ethiopian Govern- | Hauptmann (Continued From Pirst Page.) renew its efforts to obtaln release of Hauptmann's biography, written in the death house, as one means of getting money. The prison Board of Mana- seldom r-views a murder case. The first step in an appeal is an applica- tion to one of the justices for a writ of certiorari and a stay of execution. If a review is denied, the case is | closed. 1If granted, the case would be | argued before the nine justices. Convieted by a jury of eight men |and four women on February 13, | ment he was willing for his dozen |gers ‘which must approve such writ- Hauptmann originally was sentenced aides to leave Ethiopia immediately but that he personally would like to remain in Addis Ababa until the two consular agents from Magalo arrive, probably Sunday. As the government does not seem disposed to provide a special train, the Italian legation attaches may be ! obliged to travel to Djibouti as ordi- nary passengers. nates 50 years' effort on the part may ask a new trial on the basis of | of Italy to win a predominant diplo- | matic position in Ethiopia over Great Britain and France and also ends, at | least temporarily, the Italian com- mercial, industrial, and benevolent | enterprises in Ethiopia. | Except for France, which controls | than any other country. Much concern is felt for the 50 Roman Catholic missionaries from Italy who are in the interior of the empire and refuse to leave except upon the express orders of the Pope. AN AMERICAN SHIP TO EUROPE To Cobh, Plymouth, Havre, Hambyrg Pres. HARDING, Oct.' 16; Nov. 13: Jan. 8 WASHINGTON, Pres. ROOSEV MANHATTAN, Nov. 63 *Speciaf Holiday Sailings: Sat. Thurs., Tues.. Fri. Agents Everywhers ings, still has the matter under con- sideration. Appeal to the Supreme Court is one of three doubtful avenues of es- He also may submit 2 petition for clemency to the Court of Pardons, composed of Gov. Harold G. Hoffman. Chancellor Luther A. Campbell and to die the week of March 18. His appeal automatically stayed the execu- | tion. A new date will be set soon. | Hauptmann has seen four of six | cape for the still stoical Hauptmann. men who preceded him to the State’s prison death house join the death | | parade. A fifth, James Jones, re- ceived & new trial, and the sixth; John Favorito, awaits death next week. 2 the six lay judges of the Court of | The Italian minister’s ouster termi- | grrors and Appeals, or his attorneys | new and important evidence. ‘The Court of Pardons can commute a death sentence to life imprisonment, but seldom does so. Fisher had said new evidence has been uncovered, but Rosecrans commented he did not be- lieve “we have grounds for & new trial” The United States Supreme Court 'UNITED STATES LINES ! 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