Evening Star Newspaper, July 20, 1930, Page 89

PUZZLES — This week our picture puszzle represents an easy proverb that every boy and girl should know. Now for two easy word chains that should give experienced puzzlers little trouble. Re- member that you must change only one letter at a time and always form a word that you can find in the dictionary. Change WIND to GALE in five moves, Change CENT {o INIME in four moves. T Summer is here and we are all glad, aren't we? Suppose you take the letters in the word “Summer,” and see how many words you can make, using only these letters but changing them in any order. This is a good game for & Summer party, and you can give a prize to the person who makes the most words. You should be able to make at least a dozen with these letters. N WP Fill the dlanks in the sentence below with two words pronounced the same but having different meanings. Sister hoped that her —— would notice the mew —— on her dress. i ‘The definitions are: Horizsontal. . Pertaining to the navy. On, . Organ of smell. . Mother. . Twenty-four hours. . Toward. . Craft. . A burial vase, . Luggage. . A sly animal. . Heights (abr.). . Long Island (abr.). . Enthusiasm, vigor. . Cubic centimeter (abr.). Too. . Reflected sound. . Sudden burst of speed. Vertical. B A9 AD bbb ek bl bk e nugouthuue, 8888 A cougar. Negative. . Conjunction. One. Behold. Gas used In bright advertising signs. To boil partially. . To extend, strain. . Dispute. . A government charge. . Exclamation of distaste. . Banner. . A" fiat-bottomeéd boat. . A mild beverage. . Through, by. . Steamship (abr.). .- Cent (abr.). BN BRRBESSaGS Exp lanation. Young Willie to the pharmacy Proceeds with every mark of glee. To purchase castor oil he goes, And wby he’s happy no one knows, - "l’m}‘op& im fifirl’"wr': THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C, JULY 20, 1930. | ©%4e BOYS and GIRLS PAGE Putting the News Into Print. BY W. BOYCE MORGAN. . LAS'I‘ week we told you how important ma- chines are in gathering news for a news- paper, and how that truly wonderful machine, the linotype, transforms a typewritten story into & lot of metal slugs, just as wide as a newspaper column, with each slug bearing one line of type as it will appear in the paper. Making up a newspaper page. Still other machines, somewhat similar to the linotype, set the larger type that is used in headlines and advertisements. The very Jargest kinds of type, such as you see in the long “banner” heads that stretch clear across she front page of the paper, are set by hand, one letter at a time, each being a block of metal with the letters raised on the top. As the various stories are set in type, they are arranged in metal trays called galleys. These are taken to a small hand press, cov- ered with ink, and pressed against a piece of paper, which thus become a “proof” or copy of the galley of type. All of these proofs go to & proofreader or editor, who reads them and compares them with the typewritten story from which they were prepared. All errors are marked, and then the proof is sent back to the linotype operator so that he can make the necessary corrections, replacing the bad lines with new slugs. At this point in making a newspaper, then, we have the various stories that have come from all over the world, transformed into gal- leys of type. Meanwhile the pictures that are to appear in the paper, photographs, comic strips and other illustrations, have been sent to the engraver and made into “cuts,” which are blocks of metal in which the design of the picture is cut with acid so that it will take ink and print the picture. Now all the cuts and all the type go to the editor in charge of making up the paper. It i his duty to arrange them so that certain stories and advertisements appear on each page. To do this he follows a dummy, or pattern, which he has made out beforehand. As he makes up each page, a printer, called a “make- up man,” sets the type and the cuts in a big metal frame just the size of a newspaper page. ‘When the page is completely made up, it is locked in the frame so that it becomes a big metal block just like the page will be when it is printed. In small newspaper offices this big metal block, or “page form,” is put directly on the press and covered with ink. Then paper is pressed to the form and the page is printed. Round World You know, of course, that the world is round and that it is inhabited on all parts of its sur- face, the “upper” Northern Hemisphere and the “Jower” Southern Hemisphere. And you know, too, that all of us on the “top” of the world, like all those on the “bottom” of the world are held to the surface by the force of gravity, which prevents us and everything else on the earth’s surface from “falling off” into space. Hundreds of years ago, though, there were only a few people who believed this; most people believed that this earth of ours was flat and that the sky met the surface of the world at the horizon. Many who knew better and who believed as we do, had to keep their ideas a secret, for cruel punishments were inflicted om those who dared to believe things that were not believed in by other people. Galileo, for in- stance, was placed in jail because he said the earth was round and not flat. In those long-ago days there were many who laughed st such ideas, as there are many today who laugh whenever they hear of something in which they do not believe. And whenever a man said something or attempted to do some- thing which had never been said or done before, there were many who ridiculed him. And so when men first began to say that the earth was round, and that pgeplg ljved,og fhe “pot- .tom”.ef the. globe, mgst.people, thought it yather But in the office of daily newspapers a better method is used, involving the work of still other wonderful machines. The page form, instead of going to the press, goes to a mat- rolling machine. A large mat, the size of a newspaper page, and made of heavy paper and paste, much like cardboard, is placed upon the type and held there under great pressure. This makes a complete impression in the mat of every letter and every line in the page. This mat then goes to the stereotyper. He places it in a casting machine, curving it around a cylindrical drum, Then molten metal is poured upon the mat, and when it is molded and cooled you have a duplicate of the page form. But instead of being flat, it is now a hollow cylindrical plate with the letters on the outside. The Printing Press. The reason the plate is made in this shape is so that it will fit around one of the rollers on a big newspaper press. One of these casts is made for each page of the paper, and all of them are put on various rollers on this huge press, which is another superhuman sort of machine. Now at last we are ready to print the paper. Into one end of the press blank paper is fed from a big roll. The press turns, the semi- cylindrical casts of the various pages are cov- ered with ink and pressed to the paper, and out of the other end of the press, seemingly by a miracle, come the finished newspapers, with the edges trimmed, the pages numbered and in order, all folded and ready to be de- livered. So you can readily see that these great ma- chines have a very important part in making a newspaper. And when you remember that big city papers print perhaps 500,000 papers every day, and get out six or seven different editions, you can imagine the speed at which One of the semi-circular casts from which a newspaper is printed. all the machines must work. No wonder that we call this the “machine age”! But don’t forget this: even the best of these machines need men to operate them—human minds to guide them, to keep them running, to start them again when something goes wrong. And if it had not been for the genius of certain hu- man inventors, we never would have had these machines at all. Whenever you get an opportunity, visit a newspaper plant and see these machines in op- eration. Until then you can hardly realize just how wonderful they are. ‘THE END. Amused People. funny, as we think it funny if some one were to tell us our planet was a flat plane. And ‘way back, about 1,300 years ago, a man named Cosmas published a sort of geography in which he printed the picture you see here today. It was what we might call a cartoon, a picture poking fun at those who believed the earth round. The picture shows how men would look it they lived on all parts of a round globe; and Cosmas laughed at the very thought that peo- ple might exist in the under side of the earth, living there with their heads pointing down- ward. But ail that remains now of Cosmas’ ideas is his funny geography. He laughed 1,300 years ago because some people said the earth was round, and we Jaugh now at Cosmas because he believed the earth to be flat. POSERS Each of the products in the left-hand column comes from one of the localities to the right. They are now improperly arranged; see if you can join the right products to the right localities. . Oranges. Hawaii. '« Wheat. South Africa. Cottan. Japan. . Silk. Brazil. . . Bananas. California. Diamonds. Alaska. Coffee. Canada. Coal. o West Indies. Pineapples. Southern United States. . Salmon. ’ Wales. y ANSWERS. Oranges from California, wheat from Canada, cotton from Southern United States, silk from Japan, bananas from the West Indies, diamonds from South Africa, coffee from Brazil, coal from Semapapupn - . Nalgs, pineppples dgom Hewaiiwnd ymimen from Alaska. o s $2 . CRAFTS JOKES. PUZZLES ° RIDDLES Our third riddle may be all right for a cool day, but you wouldn't care to be the answer on a Summer day. Maybe that will give you a hint or maybe you are such a good guesser thag you never need a hint! 1. Why is the letter E like London? 2. Why is anger like a potato? . 3. What animal would you like to be om & cool day? r 4. Why does Uncle Sam wear red-whitee and-blue suspenders? 5. What would a bear want if he should geé into a dry-goods store? ANSWERS TO RIDDLES. 1. Because it is the capital of England. 2, Because it always shoots from the eye. 3. A little otter. 4. To hold up his plants. 5. Mus- lin (muzzlin’). To Make a Houseboats EVER.Y boy living near a large body of watew is interested in ways to use it during the Summer. A rich banker once said that he would like for a time to change places with a poor fellow who lived in his own homemade river houseboat. Thrre is the lure of open water we all must recognize. If the stream or lake is seldom affected by flood water, a houseboat is safe enough to use at least a par§ of the time. In it you can sleep, eat and, oc- casionally, fish. If the room is weathertight, it will be an ideal place to spend a part of your Summer vacation. A houseboat with a single large room, mount- ed on a buoyant float, may have portholes for windows and a door in one end. The sides are made of wide boards with 2 by 4 inch pieces for the corners and more across the top for rafters. More boards are used for the roof,” but these need not be tight, as the final covering is tarred paper. 3 A row of logs, lashed together and with the ends pointed, forms the raft upon which the house is built. These should be of dry wood, as then they will be able to support a greater weight in water. Upon these logs another foundation is built of smaller poles, with cross poles laid across the logs. This is to raise the house floor so an occasional wave or splashing won't get water inside. You can leave the portholes open, or fasten panes of glass on the side over them. Some old hot-water tanks, obtained at a plumber’s establishment and properly sealed, make the best kind of float, and if possible they should be used. However, the logs will serve you well, This houseboat can be freed and allowed to float down the current, then poled back to the anchorage at night., o Moving Picture Schools. Some of the most unusual schools in the world are to be found within the walls of motion picture studios in California. Accord- ing to a State law, children must go to school until they are 18 years of age, and aere are quite a few young actors and actresses who have not yet reached that age. Among them are not only the “child stars” with whom you are all familiar, but many girls who sgng and dance in musical productions. To take care of these pupils, the large studios have a bullding fitted up with class rooms, and one or more teachers. The strange thing about these schools, however, is that one day there may be 20 or 30 pupils, ranging in age from 6 to 16, and the next day there may be only three or four. It all depends on the players that are being used in the scenes of the pictures that are being “shot” on that particular day. When needed, the Los Angeles Board of Education sends out special teachers to take care of the class work. In some of the studios there are also nurser« ies to care for the babies who often appear in various pictures. Here they can play to their heart’s content when the cameras are not grinding, and be just as comfortable as though they were at home in their own play rooma Help! Murder! Student (rushing into lbrary)—Quick? @ want Caesar’s Life.” a Librarian—Sorry, but Brutus beat you to ¥ ANSWERS TO PUZZLES. 1. “A bird in the hand is worth two in - the bush.” : 2. WIND—wand—wane-—pane—pale—G CENT—dent—dint—dine—DIME. e 3. Sum, sue, sure, rum, rue, ruse, mum, muse, use, us, em and me. f y 4. Beau, bow. **'b. Cross word puzzle solution.