Evening Star Newspaper, July 20, 1930, Page 20

+ THE EVENING STAR With Sundsy Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. BUNDAY..........July 20, 1830 THEODORE W. NOYES. « . Editor ~ Whe Evening Star N per Company Business Office: 8t. and Pennsylvania Ave 110 Eas , ‘Buflding. London, Rate by Carrier Within the City. nd an nd 8t .45¢ ter month tt B . “60c per month - ¥ne Event nday Biaioo e Bunday i R hobe Rate by Mall—Payable in Advance. Maryland < Bally and Sunday. * Binday"only’ ! ar All Other States and Canada. fly and Sunday..l yr. $12.00; 1 mo., 31, XJ‘ only . unday only Member of the Assoctated Press. > o4 entitled i tl r and also the loci al dispatches herein are also r yr., 8800 1 m ¥r., 35.00: 1 me the bituminous and anthracite coal flelds labor disputes have long been chronic. They have entalled countless losses in wages and taken no inconsid- erable toll in human life, to say noth- ing of the immeasurable suffering im- posed upon miner folk. The consum- ing public has paid dearly, too, for the recurring coal crises and controversies. It goes without saying that the oper- ators have not emerged unscathed, either, from lockouts, strikes and cessa- tions of mining activities for one cause or another and for protracted periods. Around the conference table capital and labor have now succeeded in thrashing out their problems and achieving & solution of them fair and equitable to both sides. The agree- ment provides for no decrease in wages, a modified form of the check-off, or collection of union dues by the oper- ator; payments of miners by check and the establishment of a permanent committee of twelve men “to consider So¢ | 811 questions arising under this con- tract.” These questions eoncern co-op- eration, efficiency and performance of the contract by the two respective par- ties and will be such questions as may be presented from time to time for dis- The People Lose. ‘The street rallway corporations have .. won the right to charge a ten-cent fare end the people have lost their fight against increased cost for a necessary public service that has shown no im- ~provement, in which none is promised “'and which is already high because of the unnecessary and expensive com- “-petition, duplication and wasted effort . Anvolved in the operation of two lines hen there should be only one. ! Yet the decision of Justice Bailey < yesterday is not to be written down as - decisive victory for the one or un- ~“mitigated defeat for the other. - The ten-cent fare represents & -Moubtful expedient on the part of the “~street rallway corporations to bolster diminishing returns by increasing the _ charge for a service that is already ~-losing its patronsge at an astonishing " and alarming rate. Since the first of . the year the two companies between -« them have lost more than three million “‘yevenue passengers, and the rate of " loss has been heightened by the advent of cheap and convenient taxicab serv- foe that places automobile transporta- “tion on a competing basis with a ride 7 in s crowded street car. The result of the higher fare will be to drive even more car riders to the cabs, and it is *“‘wvery doubtful if the greater revenue will do more than merely offset the * loss. What then? Do the corporations in- tend to seek still higher fare from the diminishing number of patrons until & ride on their vehicles becomes & luxury __ that few can afford? ‘That is the trend --@f their effort now. The only question *“4s the length of time consumed in " bringing about s change of tactics on - their part, which necessarlly must be * directed toward making car rides as 7 chesp and as convenient and as at- -~ tractive as eficlency and good manage- ~ment and unified operation ean make ~ them. The tenscent fare will probably do ~miore than the most persussive argu- “‘ments to bring an end ts the existing muddle that now marks operation of the two competing lines in Washing- ton. The higher fare alone will not ““bring the financial relief sought by the companies. It will drive away, and not attract, new riders. It will bring added dissatisfaction, en the part of the pub- e, with the type of service they now contend with. The only relief in sight for the com- panies is & merger, carrying with it better and more convenlent service. But to get this merger the companies .* must now bargain with the public and - demonstrate that they are prepared to ~-pay for the privileges that merger con- ““gers. . In the meantime interest will now ~- turn to the Public Utilitles Commission. *- @till pending before that body is a motion by William McK. Clayton for a revaluation of the lines. The commis- slon left the motion unanswered when “the fare case was taken into court. It may now rule on it and order a revalua- tion. The delay was evidently chosen i advisedly by the commission in the ““hope and belief that Congress would Simct on the merger petition and that --‘revaluation would become a part of the “* procedure in merging the lines. In this 7. 1t guessed wrong, but as revaluation is 'necessary, it should be done. Mean- ““while the street railway lines will be “_recelving higher fare, while the revalua- - tion, possibly consuming eighteen ~ momths to two years, goes forward. ‘The court took note of the testimony relating to possible savings to the com- panies which might be effected through merged operation, but its view, in effect, was that as Congress has failed to uthorize s merger these possible sav- “ings are beside the point. From the court’s point of view that position is + obviously logical. From the point of “view of the car riders, the mystery re- “”mains as to why they, and only they, ~should bear the brunt of financing two ~competing companies without enjoying .. any of the benefits of competition and st the same time putting up with the =~ inconveniences that result therefrom; and why the higher fare demanded by * [cussion by either group. Modification of the check-off—an- clent anthracite grudge of the miners against their employers—has been ar- ranged for on a practical basis, It will reduce operating expenses in the mine workers' organization. In return for this accommodation and convenience the agreement assures co-operation on the part of the men in promoting greater operating efficiency without de- creasing the miners’ earnings. ‘The men have yielded on only one important point—that of equalizing work during slack times among the va- rious mines or individual companies. The New York peace conference was markedly free of rancor and charac- terized throughout by a spirit of mu- tual accommodation. It is & red let- ter event in the history of American industry and reflects credit alike on both partners in one of the most basic of the country’s great trades. ————t—— The German “Diotatorship.” Germany's “dictatorship” crisis has come to a speedy end under conditions for such emergencies constitutionally provided. The Reichstag declined to accept the government's finance pro- gram, including & tax on bachelors and new revenue levies to supply $125,- 000,000 for budget-balancing purposes. ‘Thereupon, under article 48 of the con- stitution, President Hindenburg invoked the “dictatorial” authority which em- powers him to override parliamentary opposition. The government forthwith decreed the new tax laws, which the Reichs- tag, also acting within its legal pre- rogative, refused to ratify. It was the votes of the dominant Social Demo- crats, who had hitherto abstained from opposition, which finally frustrated the cabinet'’s finance scheme. The next step, taken immediately on the heels of the Reichstag’s declination to assent, Civil Bervice Commission, which must agree. Numerous requests already have reached the Civil Service Commission for extension of time beyond August 320, the date set for application of the new law. Each case, the commission says, will be decided upon its merits. But in each case the decision will rest on whether the retention of the employe really is advantageous to the Govern- ment. Despite the fact that this will act to relegate sentimental considera- tions, which often predominate, every one will agree that in the final analysis it is wise and that the taxpayers, as well as the majfority of employes, will henefit in the end. The primary purpose of the retire- ment law was to cure the “evil of super- annuation” in the Government service, the commission explains. The ends of the law itself would be defeated if the applications for extensions of time were was the dissolution of the chamber and the proclamation of a general elec- tion to be held on September 14, ‘Turbulent as these kaleidoscopic events at Berlin have been depicted to the outside world, they have succeeded one another, in fact, amid a constitutional framework presciently desigrod by the architects of the Weimar Constitution. They knew their Germany, whose political saint, the iron Bismarck, once observed that wherever you find two Teutons you encounter at least three political parties. When Chancellor Bruening prorogued the Reichstag yes- terday, he sent scattering to the German constituencies thirteen different political groups. One of them was born over night. A rift in the prevailing party of the Right, the Conservatives, caused Count von Westarp, a veteran leader of that group, to part company with the super-Nationalist faction in order to take the field in the impending cam- paign for & new Reichstag under the title of the German Conservatives. President Hindenburg and Chancellor Bruening appear confident that they will weather the storm and be vindi- cated at the polls two months hence. “The President’s financial reform pro- gram,” the government’s election proc- lamation sets forth, “was rejected by s small majority, which is divided in itself and incompetent to assume re- sponsibllity. An appeal is now made to the nation to decide its future. Do the people wish to withhold from the government what is necessary for reg- ulating finances, maintaining German economic life and safeguarding social obligations? ‘That is the question for September 14.” Well-wishers of Germany, both at home and abroad, must confidently hope that the question will be answered in terms representative of the govern- ment’s viewpoint. As was only recently elucidated by 8. Parker Gilbert, upon his retirement from the agent-generalship for reparations, Germany has been liv- ing beyond its fiscal income. To put its economic house in order is the sole pur- pose of the program upon which Presi- dent Hindenburg now goes to the coun- try. American investors, with hundreds of millions of dollars risked in German civic and industrial enterprises, have no small stake in the outcome. e , the weak company must be pald, as ~ well, to the strong one. ¥ ————— ‘The Midsummer madness that takes _the form of thermometer study day by day is now In full sway. The Anthracite Peace. John L. Lewis, international presi- ~dent of the United Mine Workers of America, and W. W. Inglis, chairman "o the operators’ group, do not go too -~far when they describe as “a remark- shle contribution to the stability of _our American industry and American 7 prosperity” the accord just reached at New York in the anthracite coal trade. At the end of weeks of conference, men and operators, negotiating through " trusted spokesmen, have concluded a ‘wage and working agreement, effective September 1 and to endure until April .71, 1936. Following upon a’ contract . which has stood the test of the past ‘7 four years, the new anthracite pact means, as the Lewis-Inglis manifesto ; sets forth with pardonable pride, “an - unbroken era of peace in this great * industry for approximately ten years. |/ 'The long and tragic record of indus- -2 trial conflict In the United States con- « tains few more gratifying examples of the principle of conciliation. In both King Carol has apparently settled down to & prosaic career of complete morality. He has not acquired a new soul mate for nearly two months, Extension of Retirement. One of the important amendments inserted in the new retirement act re- lated to the extension of time beyond the retirement age of Government em- ployes “whose expert knowledge and special qualification” made their re- tention “advantageous to the public service” and the statement of the Civil Service Commission, appearing else- where in today’s Star, relating to the policy of that body in interpreting the law, will be read with wide interest. The meat of the Oivil Service Com- mission’s policy lies in the declaration that in every case the interest of the Government, and not of the individual, will be the ruling factor considered in deciding whether extensions will be granted. ‘The amendment, in effect, made the Civil Service Commission the court of last resort for the employe seeking ex- tension of time beyond retirement age. granted merely on the fact that the applicant, sound in mind and limb, was capable of carrying on a few years longer. There would naturally be great difficulty in deciding between the merits and physical capabilities of thousands of employes, and dangerous oppor- tunities would be presented for gross favoritism in carrying out the law. On the other hand, scores of em- ployes in the service today, reaching or having passed the retirement age, have made this very age and experi- ence priceless assets to the Government. Otherwise capable of continuing their work, the law, as it formerly read, would have cut off the Government's nose to spite its face by making their retirement an arbitrary proceeding. This the amendment happily prevents. Those whose services cannot be spared or should not be lost will be retained, not as & reward for faithful service— for many give faithful service—but in recognition of the specialized type of work in which they were engaged, con- tinuance of which is of extraordinary value to the Federal administration. ———t e Some ready-made waistcoats have “an adjustable waistline,” according to a fashion announcement from Cam- bridge University, England. Graclous! ‘What will those British experts not. dis- cover next? Suspender buttons on pants, probably. ‘Washington may yet produce a musi- cal genius capable of working up the steam shovel and the riveting hammer as motives in & symphony dedicated to the glory of the Greater Capital that is now in evolution. —an—s. Dieudonne Coste, famous French ace, is learning English preparatory to a projected flight to this country so that, he announces, he can “talk on arrival.” Shame on him, with all the hard-up ghost writers! —————— Perhaps some chap will now invent the game of window-standing to test the powers of idle folks to remain con- tinuously in front of a pane of glass, gazsing at & few odds and ends of merchandise. e — If there has been any real estate rascality in Washington, there is no- body more anxious to have it exposed and punished than the honest members of the fraternity. ——————— e Fraud has been practiced from the earliest days of man's dealings with man. Its modern forms are merely variations on an age-old theme. ———— SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Early Rising. Oh, the joy of early rising! ‘There is nothing to compare With the fine exhilaration ©Of the joyous morning air. And if you chance to oversleep, ‘The air still bids you thrive. 'Tis just as fresh at nine or ten As 'twas at four or five. ©Oh, the splendor of the sunshine As it rises in the east! And the sweetness of the clover ‘When the bees prepare to feast! But there's this consolation for ‘The man who rises late— ‘The sun is just as bright at twelve As e'er it was at eight. Now, nature has provided By a dispensation kind, That any hour seems early To the slothfully inclined. Oh, the joy of early rising! It is all the more a boon Because it's ready for us Any time from five till noon. Dangerous Discrepancy. “A Government official is but a serv- ant of the people,” said the man with old-fashioned ideas. “Yes,” answered Senator Sorghum. “The trouble is that in so many cases the tips amount to more than the reg- ular wages.” In Doubt. “8o0 you are really in soclety?” said the friend of earlier years. “I wouldn't say for sure,” answered Mr. Cumrox. “Nobody has ever ap- proached me with any propositions to write up my past unless I pald to stop ‘em.” The Weather Prophet. At last he is, beyond a doubt, A credible informer; By saying “warm"” he first starts out, And keeps on saying “warmer.” 8 Skeptical. “Time is money,” said the man who quotes. “Maybe s0,” answered the practical person. “But I never could convince myself that it is as inconvenient to be merely in a hurry as-it is to be broke.” Possible Explanation. “Why is it that young people often have so little regard for the feelings of their parents?” “Perhaps,” answered Miss Cayenne, “it is due to a certain resentment at the way in which parents dress help- less little ones in foolish clothes and have their photographs taken.” Eloquence. The man of millions has no need On oratory’s wiles to wait. He merely lets his money talk, And the applause is always great. “When a man keeps complainin’ dat he ain’ had no opportunity in life,” said In the first place he must obtain the certification of the head of his depart- ment when he applies for the extension. But the final decision rests with the Uncle Eben, “you kind o' wonder whether he ain’ too busy kickin’ to notice an opportunity ¥ it comes along.” PHE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON, D. -C, JULY 20, 1930—PART TWO. e ———————————————————— L~ S e e National Chairmanship a Thankless Jok WHAT SUBSTITUTE? BY THE RIGHT Rgl’ JAMES E. FREEMAN, D. D, LL. D, ishop of Test: “Lord, to whom shall we go? Thou alone hast the words of eternal life.”—St. John, vi.63. In his remarkable book, “The Preface to Morals,” the brilliant author speaks of “the lost provinces.” He maintains that our modern, practical, critical age has parted company with ideals and philosophies of life that had affected its practice for generations past. The old concepts that bore immediately upon the common practices of daily life, in business, the home, our social relations, our ideals of art, ‘etc., are ignored, if mot forgotten, in the present age. 'He speaks of “the 10ss of a heritage,” which has come as the result of the questioning of the old sources of authority. He says “when the authority of the old beliefs was challenged and the great literature of controversy and definition was I loose upon the world, the effect of all this was to create a sense of vacancy and void, with nothing in sight to fill it.” He finds in this a situation that is tragic and ufisatisfying. We are so accustomed to being governed by tra- ditions, conventions and systems that we rarely think of questioning their authority, and we obey them very often without rhyme or reason. How many of us think through our political or so- cial creeds? How many of us ever stop to examine closely and critically our expressed beliefs? Much of this comes to us by inheritance. Early environ- ment and training affect deeply these matters. Take our religious iations as {llustrative of this. How many of us can give a reason, and a one, for the cult or church to which we pay alleglance? Frequently it is som: ing personality in the pulpit, the artistry of the service, the beauty of the archi- tecture or some less worthy motive that moves us. Doubtless one reason why so many hfymen are writing books about the life and ministry of Jesus is because there is a growing desire to get a more intimate and first-hand knowledge of the Great Master than is afforded even by the churches themselves. In spite of all that is said to the contrary, one thing_ is conghuoully evident today, namely, that there is a deeper and more Washington. widespread interest in the person and te: gs of the Master than we have known in our generatior. Whether men express their faith in some form of words, a creed, there is that in the Man of Nazareth so irresistibly appealing that | they are studying Him with new and | compelling interest. So much of our modern lterature is critically speculative and negative. The same is true of our modern preaching. |1t is an easy matter to dismiss as un- worthy of consideration long recognized ideals and practices. It is quite another (thing to furnish adequate substitutes. | If one authority is taken from us, an- | other must be put in its place. There are some who would dispose of our ex- | isting system of government, but their suggestions concerning a substitute for %% | what we now have are unappealing and unsatisfying to us. When it comes to the deep things of religion we are com- pelled to reckon with the fact that the religious instinct is universal and it de- mands expression in one form or an- other. French revolutionist was right who said, “If we take away the people’s God of today they will invent & new one tomorrow.” ‘There is that about the teachings of Jeus that renders Him supreme among the religious teachers of all time. Re- nan discovered in His life elements that made Him utterly unique and incom- parable among the great leaders of the race. There is common agreement con~ cerning the originality and sublimity of His life and teaching. To seek to re- figure, even though the greatest world has known; to take from Him those elements that mark Him as the and purposes of God, who speaks with authority and finality, is to reduce Him to the plane of other great teachers of religion and ethics. If He is less than divine, then the significance of His life and teachings loses force, along with their authority and supreme comfort. He declared Himself to be “the way, the truth and the life.” We are rest- less and unsatisfied until we find our support and our rej in what He de- clared Himself to be. Some Answers to the Famous Query: What Is the Matter With Kansas? BY WILLIAM HARD. The focus of national and interna- tional interest for the Federal admin- istration of the United States of Amer- ica at this week end is undoubtedly the State of Kansas, involving, for in- stance: The palpitating pesk of the wheat problem. The behavior of Alexander Legge as head of the International Harvester Co. in manufacturing ‘“combines” where- with the Kansans have greatly multi- plied their wheat, reapings. The subsequent present hard-hearted behavior of Mr. Legge as head of the Federal Farm Board in refusing to buy up all the excess wheat produced by the Kansans with the ‘“combines” he sold them. The revival in Kansas of talk about the equalization fee and the debenture plan and other ideas for feeding wheat into the Europeans by means of gov- ernmental facilitating of wheat ex- The emergence of high tariffs against foreign wheat in France and Germany and Ttaly and other European coun- EIE ‘The n;m:annoe in Kansas of the proposal t American manufacturers of farm machinery should be forbid- den to increase the wheat production of Europe through continuing their pres- ent_practice of selling farm machinery to_Europeans. ‘The approaching convening_in Lon- don of the British Imperial Economic Conference, in which it is hoped by some Britons that a way may be found to favor Canadian wheat in the British market at the expense of the wheat of Kansas and of the other sovereign States of this Union. ‘The demand thereupon b{n‘oom Reed of Kansas that Mr. Legge buy 25,000, 000 bushels of wheat and the instant superior demand by Senator Capper of Kansas that Mr. Legge buy 100,000,000 bushels of it and the emotional inter- est of all true administrational hearts in the efforts of Senator Allen of Kan- sas to be renominated next month in Kansas to succeed himself next year in the Senate. * ok ko The tense conflict in the administra- tion between the hearts, which wish Senator Allen well, and the minds which hold that it would be foolish and dis- astrous for Mr. Legge to buy more wheat even if it secured also the re- turn of Mr. Allen to Capitol Hill The triumph of all economics over warm and beautiful human emo- tions and the iron refusal of Mr. Legge and of Mr. Hoover to buy more wheat. The uncovering of the distressing fact that the wretched plight of some American wheat farmers is caused in iarge degree by the ruthless conduct of some other American wheat farmers and that a lot of the latter live in i * ok kK “This final aspect of the Kansas situa- tion is indeed the crowning stage of the whole development of the farm re- lief movement to date. Western Kan- sas seems to be just sbout the prize champlion _low-cost wheat-producing reglon of the country at the moment. While for 10 years the agrarian Sen- ators at Washington have been telling the world about the unprofitableness of wheat, the purchasers of tractors and of “combines” have been going to the wamn: ,"M”f:;; country and changing it from p o ¥heat flelds. ~They can grow wheat there, often at a cost of not more than 40 cents a bushel. If they get a price of even as much as 65 Cents & bushel, which they do, they make money. Meanwhile their dear brother farmers e‘:ewn‘e‘x;‘e,h :v:;g n::; ughing and reaping wi 101 5 I‘;éulognnz‘muney violently and pitifully. * ok Kk 1t was essentially on behalf of those other farmers that Mr. Legge and Sec‘-l retary of Agriculture Hyde -ppesred the other day in Western Kansas an implored the local patriots to red‘uo- their wheat acreage. Stupefied adm tra- tion expressed in Washington for L Legge and Mr. Hyde on the assertc historical fact that they are poss !{ the only two public men who ever le! . ‘Washington to go to tell farmers wh;: the farmers did not want to hear. ‘The Western Kansas farmers in effect re- buked Mr. Legge and Mr. Hyde for falling to be fully the realistic iron- brained economlsu.u:l);’lech the farmers there wished them . The Western Kansas argument is il the stuff cheap. Isn't We are growin it a lrnndn me‘lur the world to have it cheap? Why tell us to stop? Why not put the stopper.on the Elah-wn growers somewhere else? Mr. Legge and Mr. Hyde were greatly grieved to meet human beings so utterly economic. Their .eelings were the ori- gin of Mr, Legge's homely inquiry as to whether or not Kansas was going to imitate traditional habit of the fattest hog on the farm and lie in the trough. :n L:gg; w‘: appalled by the expan- ion of the trough. In 1925 the Kansans added almost & million acres to their wheat endeavors. In 1926 and 1927 they added more than a million more. They today have two and a half million acres more of wheat than they had in 1924. They bring to a climax the most crucial phase of the whole wheat relief argumentation. Is the Federal Government to try to see to it that all wheat farmers are relieved and are enabled to remain wheat farmers; or, are the high-cost, wheat farmers to be driven out of business by the low-cost wheat farm- ers, even as the same sort of process is all the time happening in the fleld of manufacturing and of commerce? * ok ok K seen in its taking both ends of this dispute. Through its Governor and its Senators it urges Mr. Legge to buy wheat and take it off the market for the benefit of suffering high-cost farm- ers everywhere, including those who inhabit the State of Kansas in its eastern stretches, where the tractor and the “combine” are not triumphant. Meanwhile through its aggressive op- erators of those new inventions in its western stretches it transforms the virgin prarie into wheat factories and blesses the universe with f¢ increas- ingly wrung from nature. It then in a supreme flight on both its eastern and its western wings gives birth to the comprehensive Kansan who has written to the Federal Farm Board to say that something absolutely must be done about wheat because things were none too this year, when he had only 7,000 acres of wheat, and action must certainly be forthcoming from the board before next year, when he is going to have 10,000 acres of it. * ok kX The calculation here is that ulti- mately Mr. Legge will succeed in per- suading the American wheat belt to effect some reduction in its acreage walst line, but that Western Kansas will continue to bulge and that Sena- tors Capper and Allen, with their ac- customed suavity and charm, will con- tinue next year to represent a State which is foremost both in increasing the world wheat supply and in sug- gesting rellef for the results. (Copyright, 1930.) e Weather May Solve the Surplus Wheat Problem BY HARDEN COLFAX. The weather promises to have & far greater effect on the agricultural situa- tion this year than any other factor, even the program determined on by the Federal Farm Board. ‘The United States Weather Bureau and the Department of Agriculture have reported that the wheat crop of the Northwest has already been seriously damaged by the dry, hot weather. It is too early as yet to declare definitely how much this will reduce the total crop, but it unquestionably is a bullish factor so far as price is concerned. Then, too, the damage has been even more severe in Canada, according to official reports. The Canadian crop has deteriorated from 82 per cent of nor- mal to 77 per cent and the estimate of the Canadian total has dropped 35,000,- 000 bushels in the last week. PR ‘The heavy carry-over and the stocks on hand would seem to preclude any wide increase in farm prices of wheat for the moment. In fact, as Samuel R. McKelvy, member of the Farm Board, stated today, “The news of the wheat situation as a kind which normally would raise prices has simply failed to function this year.” He laid this to slackness in general business. Many experts disagree with Mr. McKelvy. Senators Capper and Allen of Kansas and Gov. Reed of Kansas have made earnest pleas to the Secretary of Agri- culture, the Farm Board and to the President to have the Farm Board pur- chase 100,000,000 additional bushels of wheat. All of these appeals have been refused. The Farm Board does not con- template the purchase of more wheat at this time. gt is understood that the President has concurred in this attitude in his discussions with Senators Capper and Allen. Secretary Hyde has also made it plain that he does not favor Government purchase of additional wheat at present. * * k% Senator Capper declared he believed that if the market could be stimulated now while wheat is still in the farmers’ hands, the farmer would get the full | benefit of the prices. He added that he | did not see how the Government could lose any money by purchasing wheat at d | present, since prices were at a lower level than they have been in years and there was reason to believe they would advance materially within the next six months. Other remedies have been suggested for the benefit of the wheat growers. Grocers, bakers and millers have sug- gested a campaign to induce the con- sumption of more bread. This cam- | paign, however, has not progressed far { enough to prove its worth. It is also suggested that the farmer should mar- ket his wheat in the form of live stock and dairy products: that is, he should feed his wheat to farm animals instead of selling it as grain. It is pointed out that as a stock food, wheat at present price is cheaper than corn as fodder. * ok ok K Secretary Hyde and Chairman Ley ;ot the Farm Board have made vl(olgfi appeals for the reduction of wheat acreage. In only a few cases have such efforts been successful in inducing farmers to refrain from planting. Bank- ers and business men of the South have tried to restrict cotton acreage, with only partial success. The cotton in- dustry is also dlawun{tn( to the pro- ducer, This is attributed to a certain S (0,8, TR i o cident in_the Orient. RIS The advocates of the Farm Board Pprogram are counting on the Canadian situation to offer a striking example of the benefits of co-operative marketing this year. The co-operatives have gained a firm hold Canada and their advocateqfdeclare the results there master of men, the teacher of the will(# specimen of his | Capital Sidelights BY WILL P. KENNEDY. George Washington, as & boy of 16, was very like the intrepid Col. Charles Lindbergh and the base ball idol, Wal- ter Johnson, according to William Tyler Page, clerk of the House of Representa- tives, author of “The American's Creed,” who is a living example to the youth of America of how a boy can succeed through perseverance, devotion to duty and a zenl for self-education. For more than half a century Mr. 3 who came to the Capitol as a page boy, has been ‘growing in the esteem of members of Congress and leaders in all walks of life, having enjoyed the friend- ship and confidences of several Presi- dents, and who is a gulde, counselor and friend to all new members of Con- gress, and whose particular pet hobby is to aid young men and women to find their place in life. As executive secretary of the Wash- ington Bicentennial Commission, Mr. Page has been contributing important research regarding the boyhood of Washington and the lessons that his life teaches to the youth of today. “Historians agree,” he sald, “that George ‘was tall and muscular, approaching the stature of more than 6 feet, which he afterward attained; that he was not yet filled out to manly t‘;‘mpon.mxu, but was rather spare, after the fashion of youth; that he & well sha) active figure, symmetrical except for the unusual length of his arm, indical uncom-= mon strength; that his light brown hair was drawn back from a broad forehead and m;l:h-hlua eyes looked happily, and perhaps a trifle soberly, on the pleasant Virginia world about him; that his face was open and manly, with & square, massive jaw, and a general expression of calmness and sti 3 ‘Fair and florid,’ big and strong, he BY FREDERIC One of these days the Republicans or the Democrats, or both, are going to find themselves in & jam. They will be on the eve of a campaign and will not be able to find a man who will undertake the job of managing it. Such is the prediction of an astute politician who has been in close touch | with national campaigns for almost four decades. It was called forth by the storms raging about the devoted heads of Chairman Huston of the Republican National Committee and Chairman | Raskob of the Democratic National| Committee. “The chairmanship of & national committee is about most. thankless | job a man could wish on himself or have wished on him,” this observer con- tinued. “A man takes the job for either party, and he's under fire from the moment his name goes up on the door of the national headquarters. If he di- rects & succ campaign, he’s im- mediately branded as a crook by the opposition. He raised too much money and he used it in ways that were dark and devious, or he took tainted money and corrupted an honest electorate that should never have been tempted. A howl goes up for his resignation, con- gressional investigations of his infamous machinations are in order, and he's lucky if he escapes the hoosegow. “If his campaign is a losing one, his own party immediately begins to assail him as & nitwit or as & Benedict Arnold Who sold out to the enemy. Everything he did was wrong or tr:asonable. He either fell down on the job when it was, to take him for all in all, as fine found in the mlhhnel. ?‘ Coalle colonies. “The two young men, Lindbergh and ‘Walter Johnson, fairly well answer this description, or did when they were 16. I remember Lindbergh when he was & little fellow and his father was a Con- gressman, and I saw Walter Johnson make his debut here some 20 years ago. Now both Lindbergh and Johnson are of Scandinavian origin. If nothing else would tell us , their names would. And it is & strange coincidenc or circumstance that it is not unllkz?’ that George Washington came from the same race of people. We do came to money raising, or he raised too much and prejudiced the party's chances. And then a howl goes up for his resignation, and he is haled before some inquisitorial body and he's lucky :’?ucnpo'lm:lhnduhhremw- on. “If_you don't agree with me, do hit of thinking and recall what hlp‘- pened to a lot of our well known na- tional chairmen. Begin with Mark A onie of the Tnest men ShE sty e finest m has produced.” e e Beginning With Hanna. Current developments and know that George Washington himself sald that he always understood from family tradition that his ancestors came from the North of England. An- other coincidence is that George Wash- ington was interested in aviation and encouraged the first balloon ascension ever undertaken in the United States.” When Washington was in his teens, ‘The energetic quality of Kansas is | Mr. Page said, he had little or no ad- vantages to acquire an education. At the age of 3 he went to live at Epse- wassen, later renamed Mount Vernon, which was owned by his half brother, Lawrence Washington. Then his father bought an estate on the Rap innock River, not far from Fredericksburg, where young George developed into & lu'anf and healthy boy. He spent Iot of time outdoors. He was fond of nature. He loved the trees and flowers, the running brook, the wild woods, the birds and animals. He learned to ride the ponies and the horses, and became & daring horseman and hunter. He was only 11 years old when his father died, and it was rot until then that he began to get any schooling, such as it was. His mother sent him to what was called an “old field” school, taught by Hobby, the parish sexton. He | gmlhoemlkcr'u bench—Representative couldn’t learn much there. But a little later, when he went back to Wakefleld, where he was born, he attended a pri- vate school taught by a Mr. Willlams. There he was taught the three R's— readin’, ritin’ and s penmanship was, or became, excellent. His spelling, at first, was execrable. But it was in mathematics that he really excelled because he was fond of it. And herein probably lles the secret of his great success, Being a lover of outdoors, he learned tflnumcflveiy land topography, and we This was a genteel ocoupation. he could give vent to his favorite mathematics. His first practical effort in this line was his survey, when he was 15, of a turnip patch at Mount Vernon. ‘The map he then drew of that turnip patch is still extant, and is said to be based on correct principles. After a little technical training at Williams- burg, in that line, and in navigation, he had confidence in his ability to make good. Lord Thomas Fairfax gave him his first opportunity when he invited George to go along with the son of Lord Fair- fax, George William, a few years older than young Washington, to survey the lord’s vast domain of some 700,000 acres, stretching far to the west through primeval foregts. This was a big job, full of hi ds Washington's diary plainly shows, Many dangers to life and limb awaited him, dangers from the elements (they started in March), dangers from hostile and dangers from predatory But, nothing daunted, young George and his beloved friend, yor Fairfax, started out on their perilot Journey through the wilderness. ‘This expedition was fraught with the most momentous consequences. It is be- lieved by some historians that this sur- veying trip was the genesis of the Con- stitution of the United States, through the vision it afforded ‘Washing- ton of providing inland transportation facilities for the Colonies, which vision and its practical development led first to the Annapolis Convention in 1786 and then to the Constitutional Con- vention in 1789. * ok ok x One of the most dependable legisla- tors in the interests of the National Capital is a former small-town sheriff, who knows the viewpoint of the work- an from his own experiences at rian Lampert of Oshkosh, Wis. Dur- ing his entire term of 12 years in Con- gress Representative Lampert has been | J one of the most consistent attendants at all meetings. of the House District Committee and can always be relied against the interests of big business or corporations. During the session of Congress just closed Representative Lampert stood in the breach for defense of the poor of the District of Columbia against an attempt by the Russell Sage Foundation and some paid lobbyist to foist upon the National Capital a loan shark law that would have legalized an interest |. rate of 48 per cent on loans up to $300. He fought at every stage of the game for increasing the pay of police and firemen and was one of the Represent- atives of the House District Committee on conferences with Chairman Simmons of the subcommittee on District appro- priations and House leaders to negotiate for final passage of the measure. Representative Lampert is returning to his district happy because repre- sentatives of many local organizations called at his office during the closing days of the session to assure him of the deep appreciation of his services. Congress closed just in time to allow Representative Lampert to meet at New York Mrs. Lampert when she returned as a Gold Star mother from visiting her son’s grave in France. He was Lieut. Col. James G. B. Lampert, a graduate of West Point in the class of 1910. Representative and Mrs. Lampert had five sons in the military service during_the World War, each one of whom had a distinguished record. back the of American th ‘history corm; lend color to an:“eun- ment of this party worker. with, the late Marcus A. Hanns, as he suggested, no leader ever endured, and lived down, more opp: um than was heaped upon the head of the forceful man from Cleveland who put Willlam McKinley in the White House. Hanna had never figured in national politics until he organized the move- ‘ment to make McKinley the Republi- can presidential nominee in 1896. He made a successful job of that and then, logically, he became chairman of the Republican MNl!tlgn.l Committee. A cam] raordinary intensity and bitterness ensued and Hanna bore J. HASKIN: having assessed the financial interests of the ign fund greater than any commit- party has ever raised, and no contemporary of his can ever forget the dollar-marked clothes he was al- ways depicted as wearing in the car- toons of the opposition press. In those | days congressional investigations were not so popular nor so frequent as they are today, so Hanna escaped that, but the viciousness of the attacks upon him continued through the campaign for McKinley's re-election. Sadly enough, for him at least, it was not until the assassination of his beloved friend that the attacks ceased. He became a Senator from his State, earned honor and respect from sources whence he had had only contumely, and died shortly after there had been a real and widespread demand that he be & candidate for the presidency. Taggart Had His Troubles. In the 1904 eampaign it was a Demo- cratic national chairman's turn to take the gaff. The late Thomas Taggart of Indiana was the vietim. Taggart had long been the Democratic boss in his home city and State, and he was large- ly instrumental in bringing about the nomination of Alton B. Parker for President. He was elected national chairman by his party committee im- mediately after the convention at St. Louis adjourned. This did not con- form with precedent, and Taggart had an almost impossible task from the out- set. There was vigorous opposition to him among the leaders of his own party and the Republicans made the most of his reputation as a boss. He was lit- erally hamstrung before he started the race—he couldn’t win—but he was held responsible in a large measure for Parker’s overwhelming defeat by Reose- velt. Taggart, too, became & Senator from his State and lived down the more eruel | of the attacks that had been made upon him. In 1908 it was Frank H. Hitchcock of the Republicans who learned how unappreciated a national chairman can be, and in 1912 William F. McComb, who engineered Woodrow Wilson's nomination and election, had an ex- perience that left him embittered and probably shortened his life. In 1916, William R. Willcox, the Republican chairman, was charged by most of his m leaders with responstbility for defeat of Charles Evans Hughes. He was not accused of anything more serious than an utter ineptitude for politics, however, in 1920, had-a ‘Will H. Hays, press organization that ballyhooed him through as one of the !:ltest Iittle chairmen the world ever knew, and he ‘was wise enough to get out of the game before the bricks began to fly too fast for him to dodge. At that he did not escape one of those investigation thiugs. In 1924 neither chairman got credit for anythin if you care to the brunt of it. Considerate, not to sa; tender-hearted, folks who think it 1’-’ Just too bad that such awful things are sald and printed about men in public life today should go to the files of the newspapers of the late 90's and see what was sald about Mark Hanna. 2 was lampooned and cartooned as one of the most vicious characters the world had ever known. Had he in- voked the criminal libel laws, some- body must have to jail. He was successful in raising money for the campaign, but he was charged with Briand’s Plan Is Given Final Blow by Britain Greatest Liveral Editor. LONDON, July 19.—Aristide Briand's scheme for a united states of Europe has had the most critical reception on all sides and the British reply, which ‘was published Friday, be sald administer the final :ou le grace. l?; one the excellent intentions of Briand, who is & good European, but P! breaks down on every point and has been riddled in turn by Ger- many, Italy, Holland and even Spain. Foreign Minister Henderson puts the finger on what Britain, as well as Hol- land, as xt:m mndann‘:ul "nee an organization hg:;mdmt :‘e f.:g ‘lgeuue of Nations to do u"vor‘k which g he did, and know, ask Clem Shaver if his lot was & happy one. And now, ever since 1938 there has been grief aplenty, first for Dr, Hubert Work of the Republicans and then for Claudius H. Huston, his successor, and John J. Raskob, gave up big business and took on Trouble with & big T as the custodian of Al Smith's campaign. t that e Fifty Years Ago In The Star On July 12, 1880, The Star printed the following fetter from a citizen pro e observa Celebration fhe " hinetietn Anniver- Proposed. i sary of the legal - nmuummum bia. “From the 16th of July, 1790, the Dis- trict of Columbia dates its establish- ment, 90 years ago. Since that day what mighty changes have taken place in the Capital! In place of & swamp crowded with brushwood and rank weeds, the abode of reptiles of the most venomous character, and the subterranean sewer once the resort of e description of wild fowl, we have stately private man- sions, magnificent public buil and co-ordination and |alike certainty of conflict? Th ;Il‘ vague uu):‘ of thel tu‘:lo bodies m{f A entlnmly el Sy but it was * ok o ¥ the | the trained and hardships, as| Wid the League. 's union would emphasize inter- continental rivalries, by 'vvhleh. doubt- he means rivalries between Europe, America and the British common- wealths. The same objection would be valid against the powerful crusade now being organized in England for stiffen- ing the economic union of the British commonwealth. uming success for that policy and the adoption of Briand's European scheme, the position of Britain between the two economic sys- :Illl'l: would obviously be full of dim- les. The purpose of the British note plainly to suggest that the world 'nultki not be better off by the substitution of an era of an aggressively nationalistic continental group of states for an era of nationalistic states. Clearly, also, he is sensible that behind the idea of & European economic union is the notion freely expressed, especially in France, that such a union would strengthen Europe’s resistance to the economic d:cmlnnl&n of Ame)l;lea. Hence the ob- any scheme which is not subordinated to the League of Nations. * x oW To read between the lines of Hender- son's argument is to read that every- thing legitimate which is possible under the Briand proposal is possible under the League and possible without arousing suspicion and inviting the dangers im- plicit in an independent European federation. If the League cannot achieve the pacification which Briand desires, to the teamsters and the pedes- mml.m. d!ure!y the ldven;“ol: the mntlh leserves some popular recogni- tion. I would st that the day be appropriately celebrated. Let the can- non’s roar proclaim the opening day; bands of the District turn out in all the oply of war and dis- Eny th ugh our main joroughfares; let the brotherhood so- cieties, mounted and on foot, fall into line in their tra) gs to swell the joy- ous procession; let martial music fill the air and the entire city exhibit the scene of & gala day.” - . * “Considering that the Government of the United augs is ':urely civil i.ns t‘: . character,” says The Military ot July 14, 1880, and t the military arm Expense. ;1"ineory at least, en- tirely subordinate in its functions, the cost of keeping up that branch of our national establ! t is frightfully ex- ve, as compared with the cost of ropean armies, and especially so when the relative importance of the armed force here and there is taken into account. The annual cost of main- taining a single soldier in this country is reckoned at a little more than $1,000. In England the expense per man for a year is about $700. In Austria-Hungary the cost is about $250 per soldier; in France and Germany each about $215, and in Russia and Italy about $200. In several of these countries the soldier is as well clothed as here, if not better, and as well equipped. He is not so well nor so expensively fed as the American soldier, but the difference in that item cannot come anywhere near offsetting the wide difference in the annual cost of support. The inevitable inference is that there is either inefficiency or waste in the administration of our military affairs. The thing for Congress to do, therefore, is to devise some way to re- duce the expense of keeping up the Army, Instead of reducing its numbers, it Is obvious that the new organization, composed of the same mnu:l'll. can do nombenl:\’. the press comments on the note it is pointed out that Briand failed to fortify the scheme with any real con- structive ideal, such as basing European union on European disarmament or European free-trade. Moreover, it is a misnomer to use the title “United States of Europe,” for Briand tulates that the sovereign rights of the states shall 1t is none large for the require- ments of the country, but its cost is out of all proportion to its importance and the service performed. Then, too, there are too many fancy and extrav: gantly pald officers in proportion ta the number of gun carriers.” - * % Apropos of Dr. Tanner's 40-day fast then In in New York, The be retained intact, while any real federla system must obviously involve some sacrifice of independence. PR But the chief rock on which the pro- | posal must founder is the widespread feeling that whatever the intention, it is_inconsistent with the prestige and; authority of the League of Nations and that, in fact, it is an attempt to found a rival organization on a more Tesembling the old competitive ideals than the new order embodied in the view is widely expressed that th;n with which the have been astonishingly favorable to the farmers Who were members. If Canadian farmers can pull through the present situation it is argued that the co-oper- ative principles, which are strongly ad- vocated .ls' the Farm Board, 1 be more readily rocelved in the United tes. - (Copyright, 1930.) e sembly with so m a corpse even if the Idu;lll withdrawn, its shadow will dominate the Assembly and from all this writer gathers it will have an important repercussion om pro- (Copyright, 1930.) . Star of July 15, 1880, says: Fasting “The case of Dr. ’r-nn};l}. Miners. the New York faster, somewhat curious and may have an interest for the medical pro- fession, but it is not as extraordinary as many people suppose. More than 20 years ago four coal miners in the Muskingum Valley, a little below Zanes- :Iue. Ohio, were shut up in a coal mine nuav!n:lnolmm-nr,'hm 'y remained for 14 days before their rescue could be ted. were of course, weak and greatly reduced in flesh, but there reason to believe that they could have survived several days longer without food. As an indication that their long e S e on Ings yon e grave dur- ing their close aj 'h to it, the fact ~ may be mentioned that the first one of the party asked for when out was a chew of tobacco.”