Evening Star Newspaper, July 25, 1926, Page 43

“DISCOVERY” OF KIPLIlYG IS TOLD FOR FIRST TIME Famous Writer Seld Book Rights in India for $1,000 and Trifling Royalty to Man Who Recognized His Genius. Note—Rudyard Kipling, always more ©Or less in tAe pudlic eye as one of fhe reaiest masiers of Englieh prose, has < ently been awarded the geid medal of 9 me was comparatively slow a-borning t might have been much slower had it not been for the artistic appreciation ond commercial acumen of ho #till remaing anonymous. In the “Tollowing intervigw, secured exctugively for The Star and the North merican Newspaper Alliance by Edward . Long this anomymous benefacior o umanity tells the romantic but authori, 1ative story of his discovery of one, ol the men_who Aave added enduring rich- ness to English literature and the world's Titerature. a man wi BY EDWARD E. LONG, C. B. E. UDYARD KIPLING has sold into many millions of coples, and his copyright to his Amer- ican publishers alone has been worth hundreds of thousands. More than three million copies of his works have been sold in America alone. Less than forty years ago the great story teller was glad to sign a contract which gave him $1,000 and a royalty of two cents a copy for a number of volumes consisting of most of the fic- tlon he had written up to that time— tales which_have since joined those of Hardy, Defoe, Meredith and the other great writers of English classics. Kipling has always been one of the most_discussed celebrities of his time and it is surprising that the story of his discovery has never been disclosed. T have learned that story by happen- ing upon the discoverer—his identity, however, must still remain unknown. For a_long time he was head of a firm which controlled the news stands on the Indlan railways. It was while 1 was renewing a wartime acquaint- ance with him that I learned for the first time that my friend had been in- timately assoclated with Rudyard Kipling in the middle eighties. Recognlzed His Ability. He had, in fact, been the first to publish, in England, anything written by Kipling, who, before this business man recognized the possibilities of his work, had attracted little atten- tion, even in India. “Befores A. H. Wheeler & Co. pub- Jished, first in India and later in Eng- land, the first series of Kipling's works —'Soldiers _ Three,” ‘Wee Willie Winkle, ‘The Phantom Rickshaw' end others—I had known the young man for quite a time.” my friend said. “He was on the staff of the Pioneer when I was in Allahabad and of course was & member of the Allahabad Club, where I met him constantly and fre. quently ate with him. “He was a rather shy young man, of very retiring disposition, who wore glasses, had dark, bristling hair, penetrating eyes, and a somewhat reti cent manner—until he was thoroughly subject. of absorbing yarns, of a very out-of-the-way nature, ex- ceedingly humorous—when he cared to be—and able to give amazingly correct information regarding all man- ner of abstruse details connected with the lives and persons, the goods and chattels, and the politics and religions Indians—either Hindu, Parsee, Jaina, Sikh or Mahommedan. Was Strong for Details. “He was very young to have ac- quired such a stock of information, about 23 at the time, but then he was a genius. He had an absolutely ex- traordinary gift not only for acquiring information, but for knowing what to acquire and how to use it. He noted detalls which might well have escaped the keenest observer, and he had a weird fagulty of being able to under- stand, almost at once, the technicali- ties of trades and.professions outside his own.” “Such as those that figure in ‘Me- Andrew's Hymn,' for instance?’ “Yes—a very good illustration of his almost uncanny powers in_that di- rection, for it was written, T believe, after a single voyage, in the coursc of which Kipling spent most of his time In the engine room, with the Scottish chief engineer. And to judge from the inner knowledge it displays of the marine engineer’s calling you would think that Kipling had been brought up in that line. “Curious to know how he had em- ployed his time in India between the period of his return from school in England and that of joining the La- hore paper, one day I asked him what he did in the interval. His reply was that not being keen on polo, tennis and foot ball, the usual stand-by games with which an Englishman in India beguiles his leisure, and not be ing overfond of social gayeties—danc- ing, and that sort of thing—-he took to studying Indlan life and character, aided by the fact that having been born in India and having spent his boyhood there he soon. picked up the language, thus acquiring an in- timate acquaintance with many classes of Indians. Long Visits Among Natives. “He told me that he would leave home for days together, and some- times weeks at a time, and go about with such Indian folk as interested him, and said that he picked up a good Al that was worth knowing during such times.” “Did he ever tell you how he gained his extraordinary knowledge of the vays and the wiles of the British Tom- hy in India?" “Only that he used to go about with the soldiers a good deal and made great friends of sorme of them—among whom many have been the originals of Privates Ortherls, Learoyd and Mulvaney. “My suggestion to Kipling that I should publish some of his works arose quite naturally out of our asso- clation. Like most men in Allahabad, and in Upper India generally, in those days, I read the ‘Week's News' and became interested in the brilliant stories Kipling wrote each week. All I can claim is that I had sufficient sense to recognize that here was a genius buried away in a newspaper office, editing a sciscorsand-paste fugitive publication, which he was vitalizing by the most brilllant short storfes that had appeared since the days of Bret Harte. » “It occurred to me that here was a chanoe for a very good stroke of busi- ness, while it would also ba the means of introducing Kipling to the world outside India, to which, at that time, he was unknown as a writer. Confidence Was Justified. “My confidence was more than justified, but I take credit to myself only for having had a sufficlent liter- ary judgment to enable me to appre- clate Kipling's worth and the fore- sight to realize that it might be turned to his and. my own great profit. “I made the suggestion to him one evening at the club and recollect now how eagerly he listened to me when I told him that the stuff he was turn- ing out was far too good to fade away in the flles of the ‘Week's News'— that it deserved a very much better fate—and how readily he responded to my ofier of publication.” ¢+ “Does it not strike you now as some- what remarkable that his Indian pub- lishers seemingly fafled to perceive the genius of his writi: Y “It does, most cel y. I think, and always have thought, that those people made a tremendous mistake in not doing se. But their lack of en- terprise wag opportunity, and the faet remaing Shat althoushi: Kipling hai been published in a small way in India, he was unkrown in Eurape until I put his works on the London market. Accepted Offer at Once. “When I suggested publication to him, he said the idea appeated to him strongly, but that he had no money. My offer was, however, that I should take all the risk and pay him the sum of $1,000 and a royalty of $20 per thousand copies after the sale of the first fifteen hundred coples, for the en- tire rights of publication of “‘Soldiers Three,” “Wee Willle Winkie,” “Under the Deodars,” *“The Story of the Gadsbys,” “In Black and White” and “The Phantom Rickshaw.” He closed with the offer at once. “What is more,” said my friend, his eyes sparkling with excitement kin- dled by the recollection of this mem- orable transaction, “I can show you the actual contract between myself and Kipling.” And, going to a safe in a corner of the study, he produced a small black japanned box, unlocked it and smoothed out on the table be- fore me a piece of foolscap paper, two-leaved, with Kipling's receipt and assignment . of copyright written thereon—the date, March 7, 1889. ‘When he had safely locked up the precious document my friend told me that he and Kipling went through the stories that had been published in the Week’s News and finally made a se- lection, and it was then arranged that A. H. Wheeler & Co. should publish them and that the Pioneer Press should print them. Thay were pub- lished in India first, in green paper covers, and the striking designs for the covers were drawn and produced by Kipling’s father, Lockwood Kip- ling. The price per copy was 1 rupee, on the Indian railway bookstalls, ‘where they sold ltke hot cakes, thus confirming my friend’s opinion of them and his determination to launch them in London. Made Trip Around World. ‘With the $1,000 he received for the copyright of these six little books, probably the largest sum he had re- ceived thus far, and having obtained a year’s leave of absence from the Pioneer, Kipling went on a trip round the world. He journeyed from India to Singapore, via Rangoon, and then on to America, by way of Hongkong, Shanghai and Japan, these travels af- fording him splendid opportunities of studying other peoples and civiliza- tions, which he soon turned to excel- lent account. In the meantime, my friend, eager to see what could be done with Kip- ling’s writings in London, wrote to his London agents, sending with the letter a set of the Kipling books pub- lished by him in Allahabad, with in- structions that a publishing house of good standing in London should be approachad with a view to publishing them for him. This was done. The firm selected by the agents was that of Sampson, Low, Marston & Co., whose reader flung up his hands in excitement when he had read one of the books, exclaiming ‘“Eureka! A genius has come to light.” And a genius had come to light—as Measrs. Sampson, Low, Marston & Co. soon discovered, as Rudyard Kipling himself discov- ered when, a few months later, he landed in England from his Far East- ern and American trip, to find him- self famous and his literary future in England secured. But, as my friend said to me most emphatically: “Of course nothing could have prevented such a genius as Kipling from coming into his own some day. It was merely my great good Juck to have been the medium of first introducing him to the British public, and undoubtedly I had the best of the bargain financially. But I am sure Kipling never grudges me that, as it was my publication in Eng- land of these six little books of his— the price of which was 1 shilling a copy—that made his name here.” In conclusion I asked my friend whether he had maintained any sort of relations with the great writer. 3 “Practically, I have not,” said he, ‘but some 20 years ago Kipling asked me whether I would sell him the pub- lication rights of ‘Soldiers Three’ and the other five books T had published originally. I was not exactly in need of money then, and for the sake of old associations I didn’t feel like giv- ing up the rights to Kipling for a sum greatly in excess of that which I had paid him originally, so that my whole business association with him turned out very profitably for me. However, it suited him then to recover all rights of publication outside India for the books named, and so came about our second and final deal.” (Copyright. 1036, in United States and g n reat Britain. by the North Newebaper ~Alliance. 12 New Linen PrOce:ses Announced in Belfast Cheaper, simpler processes in linen manufacture with a finished fabric less likely to fade are the results of the year announced at a recent meet- ing of the Linen Industry Research Assoclation at Belfast. Since the making of linen' involves many laborious and complicated pro. cesses, calling for the services of from four to six times as many workers as the production of an equal amount of cotton, any simplification is extremely desirable. A superior new strain of flax of Rus- slan origin, more than a, ton of which has been developed from a single seed planted 15 years ago, is calculated to vield a plant of even growth, a very Valu:blle qt‘)l:a“;lylld-l:“ the element of ‘waste in the flel as always been decided factor of loss. i * The spinning operations have been considerably simplified, while the diffi- cult aspects of bleaching and dyeing have recived much attention with a view to diminishing the excessive loss in weight and changes which affect the dye absorbing properties of the fibers. Diseases of Old Age Are Treated at Clinic The ills of the old need as much attention as those of the very young is the contention of the Czech medical faculty at Prague, where a clinic that treats exclusively the diseases of old age has just been opened, according to recent advices received by the Ameri- can Medical Association. Prof. R. Eiselt of the medical faculty of the University of Prague, whois in charge of the clinic, stated in his in- troductory lecture that two groups of diseases would be studied—those that are peculiar to the old, and those that present a different aspect when they occur during old age. . This clinic is of particular interest te the Republic of Czechoslovakia on account of the system of old age and Inyalidity insurance that is going into effect on July 1. RN S Development of coal, which {s be- “lieved to be found on nearly every island ‘of the Philippines, has been started on the Island of Cebu, Batan |WORLD HAS ONE AUTO FOR EVERY 71 PERSONS SPORT AS A RELIGION BY SIR PHILIP GIBBS I pected to worship. Our national heroes are not men their country by intellectual qualities and noble character, adding to its store of knowledge or beauty as sclentists, artists and scholars, but professional foot ball players, tennis or golf champions, jockeys and athletes. The worship of sport in all its forms is en- couraged ajid elevated into a matter of falth by our public schools.: It is, in: fact, regarded as heresy, almost as blasphemy, against the re- ligion of sport for any boy or man to suggest mildly that life may have other interests than regulation games and that some minds may legitimately prefer an afternoon with a good book or some hobby, like science, wood carving, water-color sketching, fishing or butterfly col- lecting. Not to play foot ball is to let down the honor Not to know the names of the professional champlons is to acknowledge an ignorance more shameful than any iack of knowledge in history, geography or English literature, of which a smattering is enough, provided a boy can do well in athletics. of the school. * ok kX Aren't we going rather too far in fication of games? T am not one of those who despise sport or have no interest in games. On the contrary, I am inclined to waste a lot of time about with a little round ball, whether it is on the tennis court, the billiard table or the ping- pong board. But it does seem to me that we are making ourselves rather ridiculous and tending to avold much more serlous and valuable interests of life by this adulation of brawn and muscle. this exaggerated reverence for a quick eye and a deft hand, this almost religious helief that there is something in sport—any kind of sport—which makes for nobility of HERE is some danger in England of so glorifying sport that it is becoming.a kind of religion which we are all ex- who serve hood. * % selves, justly to some vast foot ball gladiators. At the present time hear some people talk crowd this glori- in playing facing hard facts. people. character. If that weré really so, American base ball players, German university students, profes- sional foot ball players in this country and the racing crowds that go to Epsom and New- market ought to be the noblest specimens of humanity in good nature, the spirit of fair play and Christian idealism. Suzanne Lenglen ought to be the most beautiful type of woman- Our golf pros ought to be leaders of the Nation in times of political crisis. It is possible, and indeed probable, that all these people have many excellent qualities, but sport alone is not enough to carry a nation to the goal of human happiness or to create per- fection in an individual, The character of our people has undoubtedly been influenced by its love of games. But that sense of fair play, with which we pride our- of fine weather, the whole Nation is delivering itself up to a festival of sport and that we are all going to be very happy and jolly if we can rush away from the drudgery of work to watch professional or semi-professional athletes per- form for our entertainment. It gives a false impression to forelgn na- tions, who imagine we don’t take life serfously and that all our talk about unemployment, bad trade and high taxation is mere propaganda with but little basis of reality. This sport is a kind of dope to prevent us from thinking and It is a myth carefully cul- tivated as a soothing balm to the mind of the It is also pandering to national vanity, encouraged to think that there can be nothing wrong with us, as long as there are great crowds at the Derby, beautiful women at Ascot, lovely frocks on a sunny day at Maldenhead and jolly good sportsmen everywhere, It bl our nerv It is good to play the game. It would be a lost our interest fn sport, and especially that form of sport which is played on a village green, in suburban back gardens, on the com- mon where the grass wears thin, on a tennis court behind a row of suburban houses, on & golf course which the city man can reach on a Saturday afternoon and in the playgrounds of our public schools. I believe in it. day for this country if we the cobwehs out of our eyés, keeps steady and our tempers sweet and is the best cure for the drudgeries of life. But the worship of professionalism is a bad sign of the times, and when sport becomes a * k ment, extent, was, 1 belleve, learned on the village green rather than in a watching professional one would imagine to that, with the coming tyranny, as in the case of compulsory games, the spirit goes out of it. Sport is not a religion. It is a ‘healthy amuse- ‘When it becomes the purpose of life instead of a recreation, it is a weakness rather than a strength, a folly rather than a virtue. * ok % Xk Unfortunately, and alas, men must work be- fore they play, and a school that puts its games before its studies, as some of our schools are doing, is not producing’ men who will be able to compete with the intelligence and knowledge of other countries, who take a more serious view of life. It is thisielevation of sport into a national religion which is producing a kind of levity in the public mind, so that they are indifferent to grave issues, careless of perils ahead, con- tent to live in a fool's paradise so long as they can take a chance on a horse, or watch a cup- tie match, or get excited over some profes- slonal game. Let us at least acknowledge that the sports- man, however fine his qualities, however wide the pattern of his tweed, however long his clgars, is not necessarily the noblest work of God and that there are other types of mane hood—the doctor, the artist, the scientist, the scholar, the singer—who are as much worthy of public recognition. (Copyreht. 1026.) The Story the Week Has Told BY HENRY W. BUNN. HE following is a brief sum- mary of the most important news of the world for the seven days ended July 24: * oK Kk The British Empire.—Lord Winter- ton, undersecretary for India, address- ed the Commons the other day on the affairs of Indla. He ddet‘:llredu:.he tsll.l‘l;- ation greatly improved from the stand- point of the British Raj. The Swara], or home ruls party, he found to be in a desperate decline. He indicated the possibility of emergence of a strong center party willing to co-operate gen- uinely with the government. The Communist peril, he asserted, has become negligible; the Sikh rine agitation and Bengal terrorism are fading away. The most depressing aspect of the situation, he reminded his hearers, is the revival and aggravation of Hindu- Moslem feuds. Of Indian trade and finance he spoke with complacency and optimism. The charge of British exploitation of In- dia is obviously absurd. India has a balanced budget, adequate credit, fiscal autonomy. He pointed out how the Northwestern frontier is rapidly be- coming impregnable through rapid progress in execution of the. road- building program. On the whole, he concluded, it is to rejoice and hope. No cessation of Hindu-Moslem clash- esin Calcutta. Here is an example: A religious procession of Hindus, with bands playing, passes a mosque, (This Hindu band playing when passing mosques is peculiarly obnoxious to the Moslems.) It is not Moslem prayer time, but Moslems rush from side streets and set to praying in front of the mosque, obstructing traffic. The police try to disperse them, whereupon Moslems and Hindus fall foul of one another with knives and bricks. Ulti- mately the native police (having first used swords in vain) flre. Total cas- ualties: 8 killed, about 90 wounded. One of many similar incidents. * K K K France.—On July 16 Caillaux sub- mitted to the finance commission of the Chamber his bill author- izing the government to exercise by decree, until November 30, 1926, full fiscal and financial powers. By 14 to 13 the commission turned it down. The next day the government carried the bill over the heads of the com- mission to the Chamber. There fol- lowed a momentous debate. M. Her- riot, president of the chamber, left the presidential chalr to protest against delegation by Parliament of its “es- sentfal rights,” including its most sacred power, namely, control of taxa- tion. He found an ally in M. Marin, leader of the Moderates of the Right. Analyzed, M. Marin's objection was not to the grant of the powers asked, in principle, but to the grant thereof to the existing government, because the financial minister of that govern- ment, by whom in chief the powers would be exercised, was M. Caillaux, the defeatist. The vote on the bill was made a question of confidence, and |have the government was defeated, 288 to 243. Whereupon, of course, the Briand government resigned. As to whether or not M. Herriot acted with complete disinterestedness I venture no opinion, but there seems no reason to doubt the sincerity of M. Marin and the others of the Right who voted against the government. They profoundly distrust M. Caillaux. Thus, in & manner of speaking, re- tributive justice pursuing Caillaux, may, as & by-blow, have annihilated the franc. Invited to form a new cabinet, Her- riot announced one on July 19. He had hoped for a cabinet on a broad basis—a cabinet of ‘“republican con- centration”; but most of the distin- guished gentlemen approached —as Poincare, Briand, Tardieu, Marin, Barthou (for finance minister)—de- clined. The group as finally made up included only three men of proved distinction: Herriot himself, premier and foreign minister; Painleve, min- ister of war, and Loucheur, minister of commerce. One noted that almost all were of the Left and that almost all had strongly declared against rati- fication of the Berenger ement. The general comment was that the new cabinet did not inspire confidence and had not the look of permanency. On the 21st the new cabinet ap- peared before the Chamber. The min- isterfal declaration was singularly vague and colorless. The Chamber refused confidence, 290 to 237. Mean- ‘while the franc had displayed its lack of confldence by a dizzying plunge and there had been ominous popular dem- onstrations against Herriot. As Herriet was going out of the Elysee Palace after presenting his resignation, he met going in a dele- gation of deputies on a momentous errand to President Doumergue. They brought a petition signed by a ma- jority of the chamber asking that a cabinet of national union be formed and pledging to such a cabinet the support. of the signatories. The presi- dent at onee sent for Poincare, and the latter accepted to try to form a national union government. M. Anattole de Monzie, Herriot's finance minister, did one important thing during his brief tenure of office. He submitted a bill authorizing the turning over by the treasury to the Bank.of France of the remnant of the Morgan loan ($25,000,000) to be converted by the bank into francs and as francs to be issued to the treasury for current needs. The bill was rushed through Parliament, saving the treasury from bankruptcy, as its remaining credit was only $150,000 francs and of course redemption de- mands were brisk. On Friday Poincare announced suc- cess. His cabinet is as follows: Pre- mier and minister of finance, Poin- care; forelgn affairs, Briand; justice, Barthou; war, Painleve; marine, Ley- gues; public _instruction, Herriot; labor, Andre Fallieres; the interior, Sarraut; public works, Tardleu; com- merce, Bokanowski; agriculture, Que- ullle; colonies, Leon Perrier; pensions, Louis Marin. Of the above the first six have been premier, and Sarraut, Tardieu, Queullle and Perrier have held portfolios. The only one who has not definitely achieved a certain distinction is Fal- lieres, son of the former president. The group is representative of the moderate right, the center and the moderate left. The radical Socialists and conclliated by assignment of the important portfolios of the interior and war to members of that party. Twice before the war Poincare held the finance portfolio. It is to be noted that the continuance of a lib- eral foreign policy is assured by Briand's succeeding himself as for- eign minister. And now for the disclosure of the new government's -program, to made on Tuesday. Federal Farm Loan System to Expand |vie The franc fell about 30 points on Monday, in reaction to the fall of the Briand ministry. On Tuesday it fell 16 points in reaction to the form- atlon of the Herriot ministry, reach- ing another lowest point, 1.93% cents. On Wednesday, it rallied to 2.20 on a rumor that the Herriot government would be supercedéd by a national union government, declining again to 2.09 on an adverse rumor. On Thurs- day it rallied in reaction of Poincare’s designation for premier, rising to 2.24%. On Friday it rallled further to 2.34%. The highest point of the franc in 1926 was 3.9 cents on Janu- ary 7. A year ago it was quoted at about 4.76. It 18 understood that our Govern- ment has given assurance to the French government that the bonds of the French debt will not be marketed. It is to be noted how latterly de- cline of the franc was coupled with increased buoyancy of stock on the Bourse. An unhappy parallel is found in what happened in Germany when the mark went slithering down. ‘The French trade balance for May was favorable by 70,000,000 francs, but -the balance for June was un- favorable by 360,000,000 francs. Reports from Syria are meager; but apparently the French are slowly achieving complete military mastery. * ok o % Germany.—German industry is not pleased by the prospect of deprivation Under Guidance of Albert C. Williams Agricultural interests have been en- couraged by the appointment of Al bert C. Willlams as Federal farm loan commissioner to expect sound expan- sion of the Federal credit systems as well as the extension of deserved credit to farmers and stockmen, for whose benefit the system was estab- lished. Mr. Williams has shown an interest in seeing the banks operate on a sound basis, which will protect and encourage investment in their se- curities and stocks and enable them to render constructive aid to agricul- ture. Adoption of a strong and progres- sive policy in the administration of the Federal farm loan system is confl- dently expected, and Mr. Willlams’ ap- pointment seems to confirm gumors that have been current for some time that the administration has felt that the system was not adequately meet- ing the needs of agriculture. Has Much Significance. From the point of view of the agri- cultural industry this action is of considerable significance. Both the Federal farm loan and the Federal intermediate credit systems are of vital importance to American agricul- ture. Although the Federal farm loan system has been in operation less than 10 years, the Federal and joint stock land banks up to the present time made loans of approximately $2,000,000,000. These loans have been made at very reasonable interest rates and for periods which permit farmers to repay them from their earnings. In thel even shorter period of their ex- istence the Federal intermedlate credit banks have served agriculture in an effective way by making loans for ag- ricultural purposes aggregating over $300,000,000. Substantial though the progress of the Federal systems has been, there nevertheless remains a large field for further development. As a matter of fact the system is in its infancy and a great deal can be done to expend its services in the interests of agriculture. Increasing land values, more intensive methods of cultivation, co-operative marketing and other factors have greatly increased in the last several decades the credit needs of agricul- ture. In addition, special credit diffi- culties have grown out of the agricul- tural depression and special credit needs have developed with the rapid expansion of co-operative marketing. The appointment of Mr. Williams at this time is therefore regarded as very ALBERT C. WILLIAMS fortunate. He brings to. this tion a first-hand knowledge of Iture and a sympathetic interest in its needs. He has been closely assoclated with the live stock interests of the country as an official of the Texas and South- western Cattle Ralsers’ Associatjon, as president of a live stock loan company, as a representative of the War Finance Corporation in handling agricultural loans and in other ways. Mr. Wil- liams s a firm believer in co-operative | marketing and he has taken an active part in organizing co-operatives among live stock men. Since his appoint- o, & great Sea) of time n the field spent a great of e o studying the credit needs of farmers and stockmen and how the Federal credit agencles can be made to serve them better. ‘While Mr. Willlams thus has a thorough and thetic understand- ing of the credit needs of agriculture, it is also pointed out that the system under his administration will be de- veloped along sound and permanent lines. This, of course, is of the guv est importance in developing a favor- able market for the bonds and the debentures of the system, Glass Common in Egypt, as Makers Were Imported From Euphrates Valley As long ago as 2500 B.C. the in- habitants of the Euphrates Valley were making glass and a little later were selling it to the Egyptians. Then, about 1500 B.C., some person- age unknown had the bright thought of importing glass makers. Fifty years after the advent of the Syrian artisans into Egypt, according to Sir Flinders Petrie in a recent lec- ture before the members of the So- ciety of Glass Technology at Uni- versity College, glass was of as rela- tively common occurrence in that country as it Is on the 10-cent store | counter of today. There is no question that the ladies of ancient Egypt loved adornment, for beads, popular then‘as now, formed the principal use for glass. liquid come into practice until the Ch era, but from glass paste. They also used It for making weights of considerable’ accuracy, said Sir Flinders, three of the same denomi- nation having proved on testing to agree within one two-hundredth of a grain. Subterranean Grotto Novel Scene of Dance A dance In a subterranean baliroom, decorated in a manner surpassing the most fantastic inventions of the Arab architects, was the novelty offered vis- itors to the Grotto of Posthumia on May 23. The grotto, unquestionably the largest in the world and by some considered the most beautifulns being ‘widely advert I:I the Italian gov- ernment. In ‘addition to the dance, visitors on this occasion found a bar and a band concert. . ¢ of its French and not impessibly too it's Belgian and Italian markets, through collapse of the franc and sympathetic degradation of the Bal- glan franc and the lira. German tax recelpts for the first three months of the flscal year fell short of budgetary estimates by 160,- 000,000 marks. There are still 1,700,000 Germans unemployed. ‘The Germans are finding in the de- velopment of western Europe argu- ments for downward revision of the Dawes plan. German securfties floated in the United States since the Dawes plan ‘went into effect, total $509,250,000. The municipal issues have almost ceased. Most of the current' flotations are bonds of private industrial plants. *x e Russis.—Felix Dzerzhinsky is dead of heart fallure at the age of 49. No doubt he worked himself to death, be- ing, moreover, of a somewhat frail habit of body. His personality was one of the most striking of his time and is sure to cut a great figure in romance. He was the perfect fanatic; not Torquemada, nor Robesplerre, but ,more so, and he was as incorruptible us the “sea-green” one. Communism seems to have been &s truly a religion to him as the Catholic faith to Torquemada, and apparently the thousands of judicial murders and mutilations committed under his authority were ordered by him in the sincerest spirit of religious try. He conceived and with mar- velous efficiency directed the Cheka— i. e, the extraordinary commission for combating counter revolution and speculation; that instrument whereby domestic resistance to the Soviet power was deracinated. ‘That is the role by which he will no doubt be chiefly remembered, but his services in rehabliitating the Rus- sian raflway system and later as chief of the supreme economic council were scarcely less remarkable. His meth- ods as economic administrator sa- vored not a little of those of the Cheka. He procured a certain effi- ciency through terroristic discipline. It might plausibly be urged that under the conditions there would not other- wise have been any efficiency. may not be denied that the Soviet re- gime is greatly weakened by the loss of him. * x x % United States of America.—Col. ‘Washington A. Roehling, builder of the Brooklyn Bridge is dead at 89. He fought in the Civil War. The Bureau of the Census of the Department of Commerce estimates that on July 1, 1826, the population of the United States was 117,136,000, as against an estimated 115,378,000 on July 1, 1925. The Census Bureau estimates the population of our largest cities as of date July 1 as follows: New York, about 6,000,000; Chicago, about 3,000, 000; Detroit, about 1,300,000; Cleve- land, about 1,000,000. Other citles top 500,000 in the following order: St. Louls, Baltimore, Boston, Los An- geles, San Francisco, Buffalo, Wash- ington, Milwaukee. . Sites for four new Federal buildings at Washington (contemplated under an act of the late session) have been chosen. The buildings are to be: A Commerce bullding, an internal rev- enue building, an archives building and an office building for the Depart- m;‘f‘! o;r A:ficullture. 5 r. Hoover informs us that over the last 15 years North Carolina has led the States in rate of economic de- velopment. L Miscellaneous.—Austria despatrs effective diminution of the mmo;-‘ barriers between her and the succes- sion states. ‘The foreign trade surplus of Italy for the first filve months «of the year ‘was unfavorable by 4,966,000,000 lire, about 200,000,000 more than for the same period year. The showing is the sadder in that last year's sad showing was attributable in no small degree to heavy importations of food. stuffs, necessitated by bad harvests. That us{lzmuen does not apply to January-June this year. The Italian fiscal year just ended shows a budget surplus of 1,400,000,000 lire despite ex- penditures (authorized by’ Parliament) of :..:00.000.000 beyond original esti- ma ‘Three former Greek premiers, name- ly—Kafandaris, Papanastasion and Michalakopoulos—have been arrested in connection with the alleged dis- covery of a plot to overthrow the vernment and murder President ingalos. The latter has banished them to one of the isles. - Giving the lie to rumors importing that Pilsudski, foiled in respect of the objects aimed at by his coup d'etat, proposes to recover his prestige by ad- ventures against Lithuania or Rus- sla, or both, the premier and foreign minister of Poland have been at pains to give assurances that Polish for- eign policy is to quite an extraor- dinary degree pacific. Pilsudski con- tinues minister of war, but r Bartel has announced that he's the ‘boss, and that the war minister exer- cises no control over foreign policy. Not 20 only, as stated by us last t’rl.:d" lbut 60 more Turks are to be or conspiring against Ghazi It} Greenland Is Only Spot on Globe Where Cars Are Not Found, U. S. Leading Ratio. % BY WILLIAM ULLMAN. ATHEMATICALLY at least, ore out of every 71 natives in the heart of Africa should own an automobile. The same applies to the ice- bound inhabitants of Greenland, as well as to the bushman of Australia. In fact, for every 71 persons anywhere in the world there should be one automobile or, rather, there is one automobile. The automotive division of the United States Department of Com- merce has figured it all out, and shows, in addition to the fact that one out of every 71 persons on this globe is the owner of a motor-car, that the United States has the greatest number of automobiles of any country and has the highest ratio of auto- mobiles to population, with one car to every six persons. Statisticians of the automotive divi- slon point out that Hawall has the second highest ratio of automobiles to population with one car to every 11 persons, while Canada is third with one car to 13. The ratio of New Zealand, which s next in order, s one car to every 14 residents, while Australia has one car for every 20 inhabitants and Denmark, the sixth country in order of ratlos, possesses one car for every 51 persons. At the opposite extremity of the ratio order is Afghanistan, where only one.auto- mobile is in use for every 120,000 per- sons; Hejaz, which has only four cars, or one for every 225,000 of population; Abyssinia, with one automobile to every 133,333 persons, and China, which has a ratio of one car for every 81,871 inhabitants. Solomon Islands Have 2 Cars. The Solomon Islands, with popula- tion of 151,000, possess but two auto- mobiles, while Liberia has 54, or one for every 54,259 residents in the re- public. Estimated percentages of American cars which are owned in a number of countries of the world have been ob- tained registration figure and import statistics. This survey reveals that in 19 of the &9 countries con- sidered, at least $0 par cemt of the automobiles owned were manu’actured in this country, while in saven more countries at loast 80 par comt of tae cars owned are of Amerioan make. Approximately 98 per cent of the automobiles in Argentina were pur- chased in the United States, about 8§ per cent of those in Australia nated in this country; 97 per cent of all Mexican automobiles were im- ported from the United States, and 95 per cent of all cars in Peru are estimated to have been recelved from this country. A smaller proportion of American-made automobiles in the countries of continental Europe is re- vealed in the survey, which discloses the fact that only 10 per cent of the cars in France are of American make; 25 per cent of those in Germany were produced in this country; 2 per cent of all cars in Italy had thelr origin in the United Statés, and 45 per cent of the total number of automobiles owned in the Netherlands were pur- chased from American manufacturers. This survey, made by the Depart- ment of Commerce, extending o all parts of the world, including mere dots in the Pacific, reveals many more interesting things regarding the spread of the automobile into the most remote parts of this planet. For instance, in the continental country of Spain there are but 76,000 cars, while the Union of South Africa, of which the average person usually thinks in vague and questioning terms, boasts a total of 69,350 motor- powered conveyances. Darkest Africa evidently is not so dark after all! 18,500 Cars in Russia. Or, as shown by the department in an elaborately worked out graph, it is to be noted that whereas British Guiana has 1,008 cars, Dutch Guiana has but 120 and French Guiana still less—77. It doubtless will come as a surprise to many to know that the Canary Islands, off the coast of Africa and famed in many an old and i . jPartnership Plan Is BY THEODORE ROOSEVELT. Former Assistant Secretary of the Navy. ‘We never can get the doctrine, that useful work is the prime aim of our existence generally accepted in this country until we solve our unadjusted problem of the relationship of capital and labor. The short-sighted man endeavors to temporize with the situation. He meets things on a day-to-day basis. Governmentally or otherwise, when dealing with large problems it is the trend over the years that counts, not simply the immediate present. Our work must be “against the need know that lies behind the centuries. ‘What we must do Is to adjust the relationship of capital and labor in such a manner that the adjustment will hold through the years to come. To do this we must strive for some type of partnership relation. Logically such & condition should exist. For example, to build a chair two ‘ele- ments are necessary. First, the capi- tal that is the means of obtaining raw materials, machinery and build. ings. Second, the labor, the actual making of the chair. Neither can by itselt do the job. Both are neces- sary. Therefore, in the last analysis, each stands to the other on a partner- ship relatio It is this partnership relation that we must ze in our businesses in country. At the present moment, in the large majority of instances, this s not . recognized. Capital and labor are treating with one another as if they - were two separate countries. Contracts are made between them modern song and story of romance and stirring adventure. now has & total of 3,358 cars traveling ~wer its roads, while the Madeira Islands to the north are possessed of 439 auto- mobiles. In Russia, a land larger than the United States, there are but 18,600 cars in use, a figure which shows uj poorly by contrast, especially vmg little Iceland which, for all its name, garages 313 automobiles. It must be said for the statisticians of the Department of Commerce that they have everiooked no part of the globe, probing for figures in every remote nook and cranny, delving into almost nameless ocean islands,” mak ing inquiries in tucked-away lands of Asia and dissecting with facile and bloodless scalpel one of the mightlest of all industries. ‘Who shall deny the importance of the fact that Mauritius, a small island off the east coast of Africa, miles from the Island of Madagascar, the nearest large body of land, and a great dis- tance from Australia, which lies to its east, can lay claim to 2,135 cars? The name Mauritius may not mean much to most persons, but every one must realizé, however, the significance of such a representation of an industry which has reached its greatest perfec- tiongin almost every sense, in Amer- ica. Mauritius' 2,135 automoblles tell a great and sweeping story, a story be- coming greater and more sweeping with each succeeding year. Greenland Left Out. ‘With a map stretched out before him, the observer can lift up his fin- ger, close his eyes, plunge his digit downward and find it at rest upon a spot where at least some automobiles are at this moment carrying passen- gers or goods. That is, at practically every point on the planet. Greenland is left out, and that appears to be the only large tract of land in the world bereft of at least one machine. And expecting to find a car in Greenland is about the equivalent of planning a motor tour to the North Pole. Plunge the finger! What does it re veal? This time it shows that Cyprus —a memory-reviving name, a name of ancient days, a name bringing thoughts of laden donkeys, cloths and curious coins and medals—is harbor- ing 0 its midat no less than €69 cars, or more than the number boasted-by Lithuania. The latter country’'s roads are traversed by 545 domestic automo- biles. The United Kingdom shows up very well with 815,957, while the Irish Free State has 81,959. Canada’s 715,962 cars put that territory well up in the list, and Brazil's 63,650 exceed in number those of any other South American state except Argentina. The latter republic had 178,050 cars at the time this survey was completed, while Chile reported 16,970 and Uruguay 23,600. ‘The finger now falls on the Faroe Islands, & small group to the south- east of Iceland, and investigation re- veals that the inhabitants thereof are confined to 11 cars, just three more than are to be found on the island of Seychelles, stuck 'way off in.the In- dian Ocean. The boot of Italy con- tains 114,700 cars; Germany, 323,000 France, 735,000; Belgium, 92,713; Greece, 9,000: Turkey, 3,700; Czecho- slovakia, 17,300; Poland, 14,618, and Austria, 17,596. The fact that Japan has but 32,698 machines doubtless will come a3 a sur- prise to many, while China's total of 13,680 probably will excite no particu- lar wonderment one way or the other. Everything considered, the figure seems just right. New Zealand shows the very respectable total of 99,443 cars, with the Dutch East Indies rather well represented by an aggre- gate of 38,050 carrfers. And so the figures go on and on in an apparently never-ending stream and from an apparently limitless list of continents, countries, peninsulas, islands and specks upon the map, all attesting to the literal power, majesty, scope and vigor of the automotive in- dustry, an endeavor which has found in the United States its most fecund nest. Called Solution Of Industrial Strife in United States as treatles are made between na- tions. Indeed, they treat one another as potential enemies. This is because their common interest is so indirect that it is difficult to see it. In general the employe has no.di- rect interest in the success of the business beyond its mere solvency, and has as his objective giving as little as possible and getting as high a price for the labor as the business can stand. In general, the employer has as his underlying motive paying the smallest wages that he can, in order that he may get for capital the largest return possible. Neither is to blame for_this attitude of mind." It is human nature in both instances. But no.lasting solution is possible as long as the aims of both are so con- tradictory. History shows that in so far as na- tions are concerned, it is only pe sible to have continued amicable re- lationships where their respective in- terests lie parallel. Not long ago we called a limitatlon of armament conference in Washington, and brought it to a successful conclusion. This was possible because all coun- tries comoernmed feit it was to their interest to Mmit armaments. What holds true ameng nations holds true between ca and labor. The solu ‘wherever poasible is some type of partnership relation. This may ®e profitsharing, some form of group work, the Leach plan, or something of a like mature. The mechanics by which the emd is ap- proached are of small moment. It 1s the ideal which must be preserved. (Copyright. 1926.) Returning Famous Elgin Marbles To Athens Debated by Scientists The E! marbles, which are the pride of the British Museum, the re- gret of Greece and the despair of all sculptors who ever saw them, are again In the limelight. The Greek government i setting up the columns of the Parthenon again, using for the most part the ancient segments which have been lying near the temple ever since the Venetian shell blew it up in 1689. And agitation has been started as to whether the British Museum should not now restore to Athens bas-reliefs that have been in England for more than a century. In the opinion of Dr. R. V. D. i Magoffin, president of the Archaelogi- cal Institute of America, the Eilgin marbles should find their ultimate home in Athens. Dr. Magoffin said: “It has been the artistic world rather than Great Britain which has insisted that the Elgin marbles remain in London. In the first place, they were safe, and, in the second place, many more le could and would see them there. propriety of having the marbles in Athens is, of course, un- questioned. The willingness and scientific ability of the Greeks to care properly for them is admitted. The, chief question remains, has the po- litical stability of the Balkans reached the point where there is no possi- bility of war in which Athens might be shelled?” Dr. Magoffin belleves that Lord El- gip did both Gi and the artistic’ world a service when he salvaged the marbles from the ruins of the Parthe. non in 1802 and carried them to Eng- land. “Had they remained in Athens, many of them would have been de- stroyed and the rest would certainly have suffered from weather or un- scientific handling, said. - A FRat Working under a subsidy granted by the French government, a passen- ger, freight and 'mail airplane service will be established between Antibes,* Ajacclo (Corsica), Tunis and Comstane tine (Algeria). Two hundred musicians in moving: picture theaters of Edinburg, Scot- land, have been on strike following refusal of theater managers tu grant increase In wages. .