Evening Star Newspaper, July 25, 1926, Page 41

EDITORIAL PAGE NATIONAL PROBLEMS SPECIAL FEATUPES Part 2—16 Pages EUROPE WORKS UP HATE OF U. S. OVER WAR DEBTS Policy of Passive Resistance, Followed by Repudiation of Obligations, D¢clared Prospect America Faces. BY FRANK H. SIMONDS. HE explosion which has fol< lowed the making of the Caillaux-Churchill debt set- tlement, and has in reality amounted to European pro- test against the American policy, and to the passionate declaration that the United States is holding Europe to ransom, must be recognized in the United States as opening a new page in our foreign relation: 1t is easy to exaggerate the present importance of European resentment because Europe is not today in a| position to take any effective re- | prisals. We hold Kurope at the| moment in tuation where, so far from quarreling with us, it must obtain financial advances from us to Benp going. On the other hand, while 3t is manifest that European depend- #n0e upon us is.fo be limited as to time, there is nothing to suggest that thers will be any limit in present tirhe, or for two generations, to speak exactly, to European resentment, pro- vided that the debt settlements now made or in the making stand. For §0 years and in increasing amounts for most of that time Europe will be paying us relatively huge sums. Tyvical American View. Of course, it is simple to take the ordirary American view and main- tain that the money was loaned, that the debt is a debt of honor, and that not only should it bewaid in full, but that all European pretests and argu- ments are in themselves evidences of a desire to evade. “Let Europe reorganize its system, disband its armies, reduce its fleets, abandon such colonies as Syria and Morocco and address itself to the main busi- ness, . which is paying its debts.” This, broadly speaking, is the current American opinion as it translates it- self into the halls of Congress and influences members of Congress only anxious to give thejr. constituents what they demand. There however, 'a European point of view. It may be right or wrong, but it is a fact which will mightily affect the whole debt ques- tion. ' If you look at the European side of the case, first, as to the fundamental facts, it is this, and ond might note that it found expression recently in the characteristic com- ment of Winston Churchill: Assume that German reparations will amount annually to $400,000,000. This is a high figure, higher than conservative experts accept, but It is a possible figure. Then, in the nrst instance, Germany will pay to her conquerors some $400,000,000 annuai! In the sscond step, France. Britain, Kelgium, Italy and the smaller coun- tries having relatively minor shares in the German payment, will turn over to us $350,000,000 a year. Of all the vast sum which Germany is to pay, $50,000,000, at most, will stay in Europe, the rest will come to our shores. Thus for all practical pur- poses Germans will think of their reparations as money paid indirectly to the United States. What Allies Will Get. As between themselves, the credit- ors of Germany under reparations will fare as follows: Britain will pay us $181,000,000 a vear." She will get $62,000,000 from_ France, $20,000.000 | from Italy and. $93,000,000 from Ger- many directly. She will then have in round figures some $175,000,000 com- ing in against $181,000,000 golng out. What comes in directly and indirectly | will really represent German pay- ments made to her.or transferred to | matically France will paying debts. It is true that in terms the British have not accepted the Caillaux princi- ple. but in practice they know that France will not pay if she is mnot paid and in agreeing that the French may reopen the discussion they have actually bowed to the French con- tention. They have done this, be- cause they are a reasonable people who percieve that there is no use fichting about what you can't get. stop at the cheap price of surrendering what they never could have obtained. But it would be a mistake to think that the debt issue would be disposea of if France paid lip-service to Amerl- can demand and ratified the Beren- ger-Mellon agreement. In reality, ft! would be hegun on a new base for it is perfectly idle to suppose that for 60 years Germany is going to pay reparations. And it is just as idle to suppose that Germany's conquerors are going to be interested in making | Germany pay for the rare pleasure | of transferring all this money to the United States. Coalition Against U. S. At the moment the Berenger- Mellon agreement will be either re- jected ouiright or put in committee to cool in Parls, French payments to Britain will begin and we shall get nothing, Meantime there will be a slow but sure getting-together of all the debtor nations, Germany included, to consider ways and means to force the United States to change its course. This movement will not be very articulate just now, when new Americans credits are necessary, but it will be formidable, and it must be faced. Europe does not mean to pay the debts to America, because it does not believe that they are justly insisted | upon. Europe regards the money | we lent as the price we pald for b ing unready, ‘and it feels that its youth died in the trenches, while ours were training in camps. More- over its conviction is deeply fortified by the fact that we are prosperous and rich, while Europe is plunged into every sort of economic and financial misery. The question of European capacity to pay, therefore, | must be given second place, the first consideration is that Europe does not believe that it ought to be asked | to pay. 1f Europe were suddenly to leap | into prosperity, and the burden of the debts to us were thus to be transformed into a relatively minor affair, felt by no one, the case might be different. But Europe has no promise of {mmediate prosperity in sight. Whether you consider the financial crisis in France, the economic crisis in Britain, or the gen- eral post-war conditions in Germany, | you are bound to appreciate the fact that real recovery will be gradual, if, indeed, it comes. The present generation will not see a KEurope restored to approximately the com- | fort and prosperity of 1914. Future Prospect of Debts. It is true also in France and Brit- ain, perhaps also In Germany, cer- tainly in Italy, that present indica- tions point rather to an accentuation than a lessening of difficulties. Things may well be much worse before they are better. But does any one sup- pose that this fact will fail to in- crease the general European resent- ment at our policy, which in the midst of this time demands ever-in- | creasing payments and utterly re- | fuses to consider any European argu- ment which would permit readjust- ment? Our debt policy, then, has not only | already aroused Kuropean resent- | ,000,000 from nd pay $165,000,000 to the | United and Britain. She will | then h balance of $30,000,000, which will represent all she will get | ment, and, particularly in France for her devastated area. Britain, on | and Britain, produced an anti-Amer- her side, will get nothing for her war | ican sentiment hardly discoverable | losses in property. Belgium will get| hefore in any recent time; what is just enough to pay her debt 10 more serious is not only that it must America as funded in the recent|in the future continue to have this settlement. She has transferred 10| offect but also that the effect will Britain and France shares of the Ger-| bo cumulative. Bad feelings today man reparations to cover their 10ans, | gre “certainly only ‘the prelude to but the burden of her reconstruction | (o o rests upon her shoulders. The & he: ¥ & "As for Ttaly, she will pay the United | /L5 SRectarie, of the French b Btates and Britain some §50,000,000 @ | ,yorching in pathetic and solemn year and get from Germany less than | ot 1leased all Europe; it awakéned $35,000,000. Thus the Italians and the |9 F/SEC6C B0 JUIoRt 1 Smasened British will have to pay us more than | o564t wag. the sort of indictment they get ffom Germany, the Belgians | wpich it js impossible to meet. If will have to give up all they get and | po wranch government attempted to only the French will have any sur- |0 0 RnCy B e Was not be- plus, but the sur].lus_ will not come cause it did not sympathize with it, within a mile of meeting the costs of but because it feared that the conse- the reconstruction of their devastated | fu FEES R CF ) CAIEE Ry o melal re- area, which every one agrees should | AUERC€ ETC P ¢ be reconstructed at German' expense. | Prasl it ATFEREC, = eht now to will get $21 They have become popular in ancet EDITORIAL SECTION - The Sundly Stat Canadian Liquor Laws Are Scrutinized By Thousands of Interested Americansj,, p,,.. Note—This is articles by Mr. liquor laws. morrow in TheEvening Star. the first of McKelway on the BY BEN McKELWAY, wonderful,” “Isn’t it beautiful” that thing now that goes into their fiivvers or getting on native land and into the Dominion That was from one point Since the season opened they have ing into Canada from every road border. From all other provinc situated along the Atlantic coast, col of increasing herds of them. This ernment reports, there were 2,429, * k k% Some of the tourists may have side the United States. Others may bray. urge of travel over good roads caps, they have found and will c courteous hosts. come to make a study of the laws. store. investigation is keen, and from casu tion the desire waxes keener all the Canadian liquor laws have received T B Added interest in these laws res: Congress. At that time it occurred experience gained in the different through prohibitory and temperance were called. They also summoned from Canada, and these witnes: expert testimony. The & cloud of doubt, ‘The testimony of the wets, boiled down, amounted to this: “Yes, we thought at one time we’ hibition up in Canada like you folks there. hibition my scribable. street without s your bootlegger today?' and ‘He's thapk you. How's vours? Babies w hiding their bottles of milk under knitted shawl and putting the rubl eyt produce a pint flask at a momen a series The second will be published to- Staff Corvespondent of The Star. ORONTO, Ontario.—During the month ot June more than half a million tourists, after looking at Niagara Falls, rendered the verdicts—"Lotta water,” “Isn’t it or ‘Little drops of water, little grains of sand'?"—and, hopping passed out of the continental limits of their of entry alone. except those crowd is expected to eclipse the record-breaking throng of last year, when, according to Gov- left in Canada last year, according to the same reports, about $188,555,400, and Canada is not at all upset or worried over the situation. the Dominion simply to say they've been out- in with the hope of hearing the call of the moose or the bray of an elk—provided elks They may have responded simply to the strange land. And, provided they don't insist on flying the American flag from their radiator ‘fnd themselves hospitably received by their But it is not without the bounds of reason to suppose that many of these tourists have nadian liquor The study may be confined to a glass of beer or wine in a tavern or restaurant or the purchase of a bottle of Scotch at a government But the interest in making a first-hand licity, and they are in for much more. the recent hearing on the prohibition question in the United States during the last session of the wet proponents to introduce as evidence some expert testimony from Canadians on the ‘The wets had their turn, and then the drys s gave just as result was that the Canadian situation was left wholly obscured in for_ instance, Well, we got it all right, all right. ! Conditions became No two men would meet on the ng, ‘Good morning, how's with the big hole in it on a bottle of gin. girls wouldn’t speak to the boys who couldn't Strong men were starving because mother wouldn’t leave the still long enough to heat up & can of beans. Our leading business men were of Canadian “Then ‘Things we tried changed fine crops. began to bulge. they go to heaven or “What's * % the prein, ent siort of a picture: of Canada. been pour- along the me reports Summer's 144. They Continuing, the drys come into tion. have come through a ontinue to liable to get on a train which way to go. everything was fine. ikt this minute. time. The much pub- ¥ % % in Ontario, the ulted from to some of provinces legislation. witnesses done. d like pro- have down Pro- inde- lected which might add all right, were found r the blue ber nipple The It is of interest t's notice. ment control of liquor. dying off rapidly because of poisoned whisky. After swarming around a tub of some moon- shiner's mash the flies would come into our homes and eat up the flypaper. temperance immediately. 4topped drinking and went back to work. quit raining out of season and the farmers had Money flowed freely. The folks don't care whether cause they say that variety is the spice of life."” On the other hand, the drys painted a differ- “When we had prohibition in all the Canadifn provinces we were perfectly contented and didn’t care whether the millennium got here or not, because, as far as we were concertied, it was here. . Then the liquor interests went out and bribed the Legislature, bought the votes of the people, took them into the booths and with drawn pistols made them vote wet—and now look what we have.” sergeant-at-arms furnished pocket Chiefs all around, but the chalrman announced firmly that if there was any more crying the room woyld be cleared. “Then we got so-called temperance legisla- Temperance applesauce, if you ask us. Our streets are littered with the drunks. a man asks his wife to go to the movies he's liable to get the answer, ‘No thank you, dearfe, this is my night to get drunk.’ leave his home without the risk of being shot down by some crazed wet. returned in the guise of beer taverns, and the poor man spends all his money on beer, ale or wine and is then too tight to earn any more. ‘The farmers are complaining about the weather and the crops have gone to seed. A man is for Montreal and wake up next morning half way to Alberta because the engineer forgot ‘When we had prohibition, Without prohibition the whole country is headed straight for the bow- wows, and, if you ask us, it's liable to be there Whereupon the committee adjourned. Your correspondent intends to write a series of articles based on what he finds of conditions largest dry province in the Dominion, and in the province of Quebec, which has become famous for its method of dealing with the liquor problem through government control of intoxicants. The articles are intended to be neither wet nor dry, nor will they be arguments for or against the two systems. would be comparatively simple to write from either viewpoint, for the question of prohibition lends itself most easily to argument. of articles could be written from the standpoint of the drys which would be accurate in every sense and which would portray conditions as they are—from the dry standpoint. other hand, the same thing might be done from the wets’ way of thinking. Both have been The articles to follow this first one, however, will be devoted only to describing con- ditions as accurately as possible and at the same time with a due consideration for the fact that there is always another side. be left unsaid, and much ground will be neg- which must be passed over because of the nat- ural limitations of time and space. before beginning such a- series, confined to only two of Canada’s nine provinces, to state briefly the situation in each of them. Out of the nine, five of the provinces have adopted one form or another of govern- Ontario and the three maritime provinces, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Prince Edward provinces, permitted legislation. Everybody It indications The banks not when they dfe, be- hibition. * % vender sto may be sold by the glass in hotels. placed upo; hibition la public plac chase of i No limit is be purcha: At this int the = June, 1921 handker- distace: and in 192 1t izen may A man can't time. ‘The saloon evil has New Bn in Toronto with a ticket 1924 after erendum. or wine s the- Saskat garding th: at one timy e gallons of gallons of home and It provinces umn s th for itself A serles On the tavern or Much is to interest anq weight but treal, wher: lends itself ‘The remaining four— BY HARDEN COLFAX. Business men, aided by the Federal Government, are removing guesswork from their commercial transactions at ro. | &1 increasing pace, with resuits which are adding millions of dollars in sav- ings to American consumers, The tendency to organize research bureaus to lower costs of production or of distribution, or both, is approach- ing high tide. Under various titles these organizations are being put to work in the field of science or of statistics to get the facts. < ‘When the Domestic Commerce Divi- sion of the Department of Commerce f e rations. recognize is that there has been il i g created from one end of Europe to Substantially, then, the effect of the | frer' ot TrOM SR8 ¢ ok o e war has been to put Europe in the | which tends to become standardized Jebt of the United States for a sum | 2l LRes 00 Oeoo S . opin which almost but not quite absorbs|o; ¢5r many years to come. We have all any one belleves Germany can pay | hacome the Shylock of the nations. in the first instance. Now the Britlsh. | yngigting upon our bond, our pound by the Balfour note, brought forward | 8% a (¥ 1hich “over the heart, ‘no the principle which they had long as- | ;,a¢ter what the consequences. That serted, namely that all war debts|, “ipo genttmental side, least easily should be canceled and that par|.. p."controverted, in & sense most passu German reparations should be | g, 41y “hut not material. Teduced. The underlying argument was that all war debts were abnormal- Fear Domination Move, fties which could not be permitted t0| gar more definite is the great and block reconstruction without —evil | o Oh BOC (T At we are out to consequences. dominate Furope, that back of our But we owed no one anything and | SIS "N clear and. defmie we were owed by many states. We |, no6e to control; that there is, in should, then, have had to carry the | PUTPORE 50 CORTTOr ThOL et nver Joad of ‘such a cancellation. When | S5 £ AGRE TRerlle 15, COECE we rejected the Balfour idea With| tha¢ imperialism we once believed to gome anger, however, the British|ye o underlying cause of the World el back on the second line, also in-1 3o (1® IR SU0e LS Ao cluded in the Balfour note, namely, | T8E 0 B0 Tt O rope, that, gaillng cancellation owing to our | SPpearance of an invader In Burope, veto, Britain would collect from her| ormined to exercise both financial debtors, Germany included, omW¥ | ang political control in Europe. enough to pay her debt to us, THES| “guon 5 view will seem fantastic put the whole responsibility for alll, "p ;0 pegple on our side of the debt collection upon us. . | Atlantic. In reality it is, of course, Now we are coming close 1o @ neW | yoqtastic. But the point is that step. If practically all that Germany| o, the other side of the Atlantic it pays comes to America, the European | g, "¢ "appear fantastic. Millions creditors of Germany under repara |y jove 4, other mMllons are like tions can say to Germany in the spirit | By el My © genator’ Borah, for ex- of the Balfour mete: “We (bailevs'|tobelieve 12 Banstofmoren for ex- that reparations, like war debte |{ONCh Yocomes the spokesman of should be canceled. We ars Prepared| yimerican imperialism. His speeches to cancel them if America WiL fOF |}, \o the same effect as those of the Eive our debts. All that you pay Sub-| qo . \on "Kaiser in the heyday of his Mantially goes to America, If repara-| o' 0a) eftulgence. It is Borah more tions are a burden to you, it 1s Amer | § 2% 0 other single American who ca which Is responsible. o Fhore | has established¥the idea that America is, of course, that Germany will share the European view that America {s | desires either to crush or to dognna.n Europe. e s And. Insensibly Europe is tending French Policy Stated. to draw together. We Amafiunll are the one point of easy agreement. ut equally - important with the Battour peinciple, which, as it stands | Deoble afe more or less euncded in and In put i the Caillaux Churchil | WBAL they sa¥, ¥ou Joe) SBUNRE Tots ek R ey that Brltan Wiy | Britain. but under the surface a little enough to satisfy America, is the stirring will discover the fact, that Cafllaux principle, which is passion. | there is.no real difference. up- stely held by all France, that France roar which accompanied an American wilt ay 2s much as she col- e %my and that if Ger- (Continued on Mfle Page) this week sent to the printer its whole- sale grocery atlas, the result of months of study of the primary and secondary centers from which this business supplies the requirements of a population which not only must eat but demands to be fed forthwjth what it desires, there approached the com- pletion of another governmental con- tribution to satisfy this increasing cry of industry for facts. The study will be ready for distribution within a few weeks. Finance Research Studies. Business men are putting up their own money for various research studies, but they are depending also upon the assistance of the Federal Government’s resources. Secretary Hoover’s department {is_bearing the brunt of these requests, for that is its job. The wholesale grocery atlas is the first study along the particular line followed that has been under- taken. It will be possible for a food producer to look over this report and determine the outlets open to him in any character of campaign—Ilocal, sectional or national, intensive or gen- eral—that he may desire to under- take. So many demands have been ‘mad upon the department for spec{sflc P udies of commodity marketing problems that it would be impossible to fulfill thent all, with the present facilities, in the next half dozen years, even though no other work were to be undertdken that period. 4 msmdu‘; already made by the Domestic Commerce Division of the market possibilities for paints and varnishes d for electgical mer- chandising lines disclose facts which no single firm of average size could hope to work out for itself, Facts Simple But Vital. times the facts desired by businels men are simple, but they are vitally importani. For instance, if a paint manufacturer wWere planning a sales campaign, it would be extremely important to him to know the types of buildings in various sections of the country; not merely by a brief visual Man. film in London because it was re-|jmpression, but as a matter of cold | mah-jong garded as ignoring all but American siatistics, Such statistics show that 'China tea “the number of wood dwellings in com- port. FEDERAL COMMERCE SURVEYS SAVE CONSUMERS MILLIONS Research in Marketing and Production Aid Mer- chants in Sales Campaigns—Wholesale Grocery Atlas Is Latest Work. munitiles of over 2,500 inhabitants varieqs from 10 per cent in Arizona and 15 per cent in Utah to 98 per cent in Washington and 97 in Oregon. In the study of sales of electrical house- hold appliances it was discovered that the highest percentage of distripution was among the native white popula- tion. Unless the location of this popu- lation is known rather definitely there will be useless selling expense, re- flected in higher costs to the entire consuming public. The candy industry is exceedingly anxious to know the answer to some of the problems which perplex its members. Why, for instance, do the people of one community demand chocolate-covered confections in pre- ponderant quantities, whilg those of another community, only 200 miles distant, eat few chocolates, but de- vour bonbons with great relish, and those of a third community spurn all excepting hard candies? There’'s an answer somewhere —in predominant occypation, in racial characteristics of the populations, in altitude, which affects temperature, or some such factor. Tralning Affects Buying. It's decidedly expensive to ltte’npt to sell linen suits, regardless of' the temperature, in a community where 'the majority of the population comes of recent forbears who believed that a man was not decently clothed unless his suit was made of wool. Regional marketing surveys are be- ing undertaken to lay before business men the essential characteristics of populations — racial, occupational, financial, social, religious—to deter- mine their. purchasing power their tastes. The Department of Commerce sur- vey of the Philadelphia area has proved to be the most popular of any of its pamphlets. The marketihg sur- very of the Southeastern States will be issued in another two months, and about the same time-work on a Pa- cific coast survey will start, while one recently was started in the New Eng- land area. (Copyright. 1826.) ) Exports of Cbiue,s; To U. S. Show Decline FRATASE i Exports from China to the Unit: States during the first quarter of the year fell away considerably com- pared with those of the correspond- ing period last year. Works of art formed a steady itern of export during the last quarter. Mah-jong sets have totally disap- peared from the export list and have not been present for several montha now. In the first quarter of 1925 the oxfiort value was only $4i sho ws an increase in ex ANGRY FARMERS IF RELIEF-FAILS, CAPPER WARNS “Real Disturbances” Likely Unless “Unselfish Aid” 1s Given Them, He Says, Blaming Haugen Bill’s Defeat on East and Politics. BY SENATOR ARTHUR CAPPER OF KANSAS. The West is practically united in support of the fight launched a few days ago at Des Moines to obtain for - agriculture = economic equality with other groups in America. Lead- ers of business organizations will join the leaders of farm organiza- tions when .- Congréss meets in December in again demanding the enactment of the McNary-Haugen bill or other legislation that will make the protective system fully ef- fective for agriculture, instead of only partially effective. I regard the defeat of this measure in the last Congress as almost a national tragedy. The sharp line-up between tiy East and West on_ the question is regrettable. New England and At- lantic States Senators were practi- cally solid in their opposition to it, and a majority of Southern Sena- tors stood against its enactment, largely for political reasons. Sup- port cama from the Middle West and West, whoee Senators, 'both Repub- lican and Democrat, were almgst solidly behind the measure. Defeat of this legislation is a responsibility that rests largely upon the East. Opposition from that section /made it impossible for those of us who thoroughly understand and appre- clate the farmer’s difficuities to ob- tain effective actlon looking toward a constructive program for the bet- terment of the agricultural sjtuation. ‘What the agricultural depression has meant to the country is shown by the 20Q per cent ihcrease in farm mortgages in the last five years and by the average 0f 500 national bank failures a year during this time. Minnesota, which had 2 such failures between 1910 and 1920, has had 26 Montana, with 1 in the former period, has had 50; North Dakota, with 1 in 10 years, has had 33 since 1920, and Oklahoma, with a single pational bank . failure in the preceding 10 years, has had 35 {n the last five. “The return on agriculture this year will be about 4 per cent, which is less than on any" other busins Farm profits long have been inad: quate. They will remain so until farm crops reach an equality of buy- ing power with other commodities. This is not a class difficulty. It is a national problem that must be met. This lack of balance has con- tinued: during a time of unusual pros- perity among other American indus- . . t“‘!lshe farmer is: suffering chiefly be- cause of high price of the things he must buy. He is suffering also, from the. uncertainty about the future of .- an uncertainty that has ! val Island—are so-called dry provinces. In Brittgh Columbia, which aiso had a pro- sold from government stores. sold by the glass, nor legal drinking in any on the sale of beer by the glass resulted in a vote against the practice. # Manitoba tried prohibition for elght years, sale of liquor from government stores. people ‘voted at the same time against the sale of beer and wine by the glass. A permit is required for the purchase of liquor, and a cit- The big hearted framers of this law declared that a week's supply will consist of 12 quarts of whisky and 4§ bottles of beer. Prince Edward Island are dry. and its system will be described in detail in subsequent articles. Quebec has the liquor law upon which most of the other wet provinces have modeled theirs. This lJaw will also be discussed in detail later. Saskatchewan adopted its present plan in government stores without a permit. quart of whisky per day. he is being imposed upon, however, and ought to be allowed a little more, ho may buy a per- miv for $2 and obtain 10 gallons of beer, 10 assumption being, A feature of the laws whieh appiy to all those are different ways of granting this local option, but it amounts to the same thing in the end. Perhaps the most widely adopted plan is to require the assent of a certain proportion of the residents of a community before allowing the establishment there of a government store, while the cities have gone wet. spots in the wettest territories. The letters which are to follow will be writ- ten from Toronto, capital of the Province of Ontario; Ottawa, capital of the Dominion of Canada and interesting because of its location on the border of a wet province, and from Mon- located and where that province’'s present ex- periment in the solution of the liquor problem Tomorrow Mr. many changes in the Ontario liquor law. D. €., SUNDAY MORNING, JULY 25, 1926. All of the with the exception of Quebec—which the sale of light wines and beer— were dry during or immediately following the ‘World War. ish Columbia, Manitoba and Saskatchewan have returned to the wet column, and from present Since then Quebec, Alberta, Brit- Ontario may follow suit. * k ok Xk The pregent system in Alberta came into effect in April, 1924,%after nine years of pro- It provides for the sale of hard -llquors, or spirits, by government stores or res to those holding permits. Beer No limjt is n the amount one may buy. w during the war, intoxicants are There is no beer e. Permits are required for the pur- ntoxicants from government stores. placed upon the quantity which may sed. This law came into effect in , and since that time a referendum 4 a law was approved allowing the The obtain only a week's supply at a unswick is dry. Nova Scotia and Ontarlo is dry, wartime prohibition and after a ref- Intoxicants may be purchased from No beer sold by the glass. The framers of chewan law also had large ideas re- 2 amount of liquor a man may buy ie. This amount is set down as two beer, one gallon of wine and one If a man feels that wine and 2 gallons of whisky, the possibly, that he will go stay quiet for awhile, - Kok K ox recently admitted into the wet col- at any municipality can determine the question of prohibition. There restaurant, This has resulted in e the Quebec Liquor Commission is most easily to study. McKelway will tell of the MAY RISE UP Society " IBROADCASTING’S FUTURE LIES IN PUBLIC OPINION - of People Can Prevent Chaos at Present and Needless Legislative Suppression Later. BY WALTER R. McCALLUM. HROWN Into a' chaotic state | ing \which he shall broadcast, nor even by the decision of a Chicago i4he power he will use. No adminis- Judge in Aprii—a condition In | {r34jve officer of the Government can Which the reins of govern-| g, outgide the laws wnich Congress mental jurisdiction have been | a4 given him. If he steps outside completely removed and the expres-|ihe law he is taking the law in his sion “free as air" became an absolute | own hands and is virtually setting truism—radio broadcasting stands to-| jimeelt up as the law. day before the bar of public opinion. e On the attitude of the broadcasting Hands Are Tied. industry—this giant of many millions, | “Even if we think the Attorney which has sprung up full-fledged in | General is wrong and the Kederal less than flve years—toward the pub-| judge in Chicago gave the wrong deci- lic, the only customer it has, will rest | sion, we are still helpless, because the the fate of the industry. For if Con-| Department of Justice must prosecute gress comes back to Washington in | any offenders against our law, and in December with reports of broadcasters | view of the recent decision it cannot interfering with one another, jumbling | do so consistently.” up the air channels until no listener | Judge Davis seés the present aitwa- can tune into a program capable of | tion as the finest chance radio broad- proper reception, the legislative | casting will ever have to set jtfelf branch may clamp down such rigid | right with the publie by doing the restrictions as to make broadcasting | proper thing, sticking to its assigned and its resulting business benefits far | wave bands and playing the game in more difficult than in the old free and | sportsmanlike fashion until Congress easy days just passed, when the De- | gets busy with legislation next Win- partment of Commerce ruled the|ter. “I have faith that the situation ether. will not be bad, because the broad- The situation today is hopelessiy | casters, after all, have their own in- jumbled up. William J. Donovan, act- | terests at heart first. And at the same ing Attorney General, has ruled that | time there are very few cases where neither the Department of Commerce | stations can improve their position. nor any other Government agency | Every broadcaster above 280 meters has power to stipulate wave lengths | has a satisfactory wave length, and and hours of broaduauun& It all|has no reason to jump over in the came about through a test case begun | other fellow’s back yard and jumble last February in Chicago, when sta- | up his toys.” tlon WJAZ, the station operated by | Nevertheless, and although the the Zenith Radio Corporation, dissat- | Commerce Department hopes broad- isfled with its time and wave length | casters will “play nice,” more than assignment, jumped off its band on to | a half dozen have already jumped the wave length used by six Canadian | their assigred channels and are add- broadcasters, thereby violating an in- | ing their bit to the Summer static by ternational agreement which the United | jumbling up the program of some States had been anxious to keep in- | other chap who is keeping to his knit- violate. ting and_remaining on his old wave length. Most of the offenders are in the big cities— New York and Chi- cago—where it is obvious that more stations are needed to satisfy a large population than in a city of 200,000 persons. And those that have jumped their wave bands are chiefly the broadcasters who have been sending out signals on bands below 280.meters. Law Suits Expected. There is another side to this usur- pation of wive band matter, stated a few days ago by the National Asso- clation of Broadcasters. Paul B. Klugh, executive chairman of the as- sociation, fears that if many stations jump over on the other fellow's assigned channel, numerous law suits involving the property rights of a sta- tion to use a given ether channel wiil be started. Many broadcasters feel that having met the requirements of the Commerce Department and lived up to its radio statutes, they have cer- tain property rights vested in them- selves on given wave lengths. If some other chap comes along and without assignment, usurps the assigned wave length, they feel that their property has been intruded upon, even though there is not now any legal precedent for such property right. Such a problem, indeed, has already come before a Missouri judge. who granted an injunction to station KLDS at Independence to prevent station ‘WOS at Jefferson City, from infring- ing on its broadcasting time. In this case, however, there was a written agreement between the two stations which was violated. Although similar agreements are in effect between many broadcasters, they apply, in the opinion of the Commerce Department only to the broadcasters affected an are not applicable to the general situation. Still ‘another angle has arisen since Mr. Donovan's opinion holding that the air is free. It has knocked the spots out of the market for radio sta- tions. At least 10 of the big broad- casting “voices” of the United States |are reported to have been negotiating | with purchasers who would buy not |only the station but also the ether channel. Now the equipment is just as valu- able, but the “good will” value of a monopolized wave band been re- duced almost to nothing. In the old the usurpation of a given waye length by any broadcaster, nor the hours dur- Lost in Conference. Congress also has had a share in the present chaotic situation, for two bills were before the Senate and House when Congress adjourned on July 3, ‘®ither of which would have cleared up and altogether preverted the present mess in the air. The Diil bill had passed the Senate. The White bill had passed the House. Both had gone to conference and had not come out when Congress adjourned. Both bills carry explicit authurity to the Gov- | ernment to assign wave lengths, limit power and time and establish in the Government the fundamental prop- erty in the channels of the ether. Since 1912 the Commerce Department has supervised radio in the United States, including broadcasting in all its forms, under a law passed in that year, which has now been found in- :ldequate to meet the present situa- on. 1f radio broadcasters want to be real bad boys and jump around through the air onto the other fellow’s toes, tweaking the nose of the big 20,000- watt chap who booms clear across the continent during their Summer play- time, they can do it, for until Conxm‘l enacts some radio legislation the broadcasters are absolutely on their own. The air is free to any and all of them to use as they see fit. Their only restriction is that they stay in the wave band between 200 and 600 meters, for above 600 come the ship stations with their frequent distress calls, and below 200 come the amateurs, the brasspounderswhohave contributed S0 much to the development of man's newest method of sending thought across space. There is little doubt that Congress will jump right into radio legislation early in the coming session. Upon the attitude of the broadcasting depends the severity of the restrictive legislation it will enact, in the view of many observers in Washington. So the bad little boys would do well to do an about-face and become good little boys 1o save then own radio skins. Limit Is 180 Stations. Even after radio legislation is en- acted next Winter there will still not be room for more than 90 broadcast- ers, comfortably spaced, with ample b ing time. This number of and took care of the railroad industry, and which legislated to maintain wages and to protect American manu- factuers from foreign competition, should not refuse to act when so eco- nomically serfous a matter as a pro- longed agricultural depression afflicts the .country. Therefore, something effectual “will be done about it sooner or later, be- cause something will have to be done. In wellbeing, in wages and living the people of no other country in the world Jive on as high a plane as the American people, thanks to our pro- tective system. It has protected and fostered American labor with the 8- hour law and with restricted immigra- tion; the rallroads, with the Esch- Cummins Act; the bankers, with the Federal Reserve system; the manu- facturers, with tariff duties. Our pro- tective system has brought prosperity to industry, to labor, to business, and has put them all on a higher level. The American farmer alone has not been raised to this level. Although his is the most vital of all industries, he is not on an economic nor a busi- ness equality with H other industry. Not only that, he fnust buy on the American price level and sell what he produces in the world market. Is any live American citizen, East or West, willing to take the stand that a country whose basic industry produces the finest wheat and corn in the world, besides other superior agri- cultural products I could name, can- not afford to pay the man who grows them what it actually costs to raiee this food and a fair profit besides? Unless the thinking people of the United States make it their business to lend unselfish aid in lifting the handicaps of agriculture, some real disturbances can be expécted in_this country if ers of the West wrathfully take this question into their own hands. o * ~ _ (Copyright. 1026.) 0ld Tyroleon Tradition Punishes Love Poaching South Tyrol a medieval taboo prevalls which forbids a young msaa of one village to flirt with a girl of another. The offender usually meets with a severe beating so: it on a country road, and on s8veral occa- sions has pald for his temerity with his life, says the Turin Stampa. Recently a young peasant, Franz Beikercher, of the town of Gais was found to be paying court to a girl of the village of Ottone. He awoke from a”state of unconsciousness one night on a lonely road, bleeding from severe ‘'wounds. ‘He told the police, who re- fused to respect the ancient tradition In the mountain districts of rmg_as the the @s-' merce has no authority over the air, | I stations can be doubled by assigning time limitations to all stations, but at the outside not more than 180 stations can be ““on the air' in the United States any given 24 hours. The one ray of hope is that the forthcoming international radio con- ference to be called some time during the next year by Secretary Hoover in Washington may. by international agreement jump the ship band up 200 meters to 800, thereby opening up a channel for 45 or 50 more full-time broadcasters. No one predicts that such —_— an eventuality may come out of the age conference, but It is just possible that | [reéland has a place of pilgrimag the higher wave bands may be opened | Which has held its position for 14 up to some degree. Least of all does|centuries. It is on an fisland in e S a Departaeny oo o1 the | Lough Ders, and is said to be the only cently the real radio “czar,” belleve | Pilgrimage of modern times conducted that additional ‘:"n;e bls):deis vlvul ';b: like those of the middle ages. It is come available. * Judge Davis is a be- i ruetisenl Ideutints liever in strict regulation, the stricter | {Tes1Y, noficed fn medioval, Uershurs, the better, for radio in his judgment | "y iteq yearly, beginning in the must have the most rigid regulation | ,,th of June, by all sorts of people, for its own good and that of those and despite its rigors, it is 8o popular who support 1t—10,000,000 listeners | ipat a new church is now belng built with sets and as many more who run ross “ and the railway companies run excur- across to their nelghbors to “listen to| jiong'to it. The pilgrims arrive fast. the radio.” “ ing and make their rounds of the sta- It is a hopeless thing. Judge Three of the Davis says, “to try to regulate radio | tions in their bare feet. unless we can limit the number of | Stations must be made each day of broadcasting tions. the threa days of the pilgrimage. The “We have ut 90 avallable wave | first meal is of black tea and dry ngths between 200 and 600 meters. | bread, and this has to last for 24 It is perfectly obvious we cannot cram | hours. A whole night is spent in 200 stations in on that limited num-|prayer in the church. This is a try- ber of band§ without doing harm to|ing experience, yet year after year many. It is purely a question of [ hundreds return, and they include mathematics and we must solve the|such notable ‘figures in public life as situation by considering alone the | President Cosgrave and wife. greatest good for the greatest num-| None but pilgrims are allowed on the ber. island, and once there, all the strict Vils Mansrsl by Heavies regulations must be observed by all. Judge Davis and, it might be added, his chief also — Secretary Hoover— belleve that radio broadcasting, its utility and its value, is measured only by the service it renders to the pub: lic. “The first step we must take, Judge Davis adds, “is to fix a limit on| The Catholic Boy Scout movement the number of stations broadcasting,|In Italy, under the patronage of the based on public convenience ard neces- | official ‘“‘Azione Cattolica,” or League sity.” And here Judge Davis em-|for Social Welfare, is as yet show- phatically denies that radio inspectors| ing no sign of succumbing to the have ever taken any steps to eriticlze | pascist effort to swallow it. or comment on the quality of pro-|" ‘Despite the government decree grams broadcasters send out through | wpich placed the Physical education of Italian youth, both in and out of school, in the hands of .the Fasclst Ballila, or children’s soclety, and which on paper threatened to put the days there were so many new sta- tions clamoring to get on the air that purchase of an lished station was considered good business if its air channel went with the purchase. Now, with the free air edict, any wave band may be used without cost. Place of Pilgrimage For Fourteen Centuries le Boy Scout Movement Prospering in Italy ‘ air. ““Our first duty,” he says, “is to the listeners, and not to those who want to transmit. If a bun‘:;lu man ‘:’mtu to put on a program indirectly adver. | coypolic organization almost out of g:z: h:h:‘: r::' :n‘ ‘r‘l’:fi?‘;‘u"nfln he | existence, the latter continues to rosper. doesn't come right out and say he has | TRl e 7,000 Seouts of Rome tAh;d even :gl:;e znd under the old law | held thelr annual celebration in honor 9 . But public|of their patron, St. George. They :;lm‘:)‘:fl::u(ld.“ firmfl'mfi, Sudience | installed a_complete camp on the Would fade away hke Summer mist |field of the Knights of Columbus before a_strong sun if he gave them | recreation ground behind St. Petelrs nothing but an advertising talk. performed jatricate marching c’l‘": - “The Department of Justice having | tions and obsiacle races. ere held that the Department of Com-|are now 65000 Catholic Scouts in and their numbers will doubt- now in any ingrease as & result. mp——