Evening Star Newspaper, June 16, 1935, Page 35

Editorial Page Civic Part 2—12 Pages Activities CZECHOSLOVAKIAN VOTE ROME PARL Countrj', a Switzerland Which Has Failed to Fuse, Looks to Other Capitals Than Its Own. BY FRANK H. SIMONDS. more closely the results of the recent election in Czecho- siovakia are examined the more threatening seem their implications, both for the suc- cess of the conference in Rome to deal with the Danubian question and for the permanence of peace in Europe. The rise of a Nazi party in Czechoslovakia threatens to destroy the last semblance of democracy in Central Europe, while the emergence of a strong German party in Czecho- slovakia constitutes a menace to that State itself. % On the subject of domestic politics the triumph of the German Nazis has posed a problem which the Czechs may attempt to solve by the employ- ment of Fascist methods because their own differences over economic issues and the polyglot nature of their state make any solution by demo- cratic methods difficult, if not impos- sible. Certainly Masaryk and Benes, the President and foreign minister of Czechoslovakia, will resist such re- course to Fascism as long as possible, for both are confirmed democrats. But Masaryk is old and his disap- pearance might entail that of Benes as well. Czechoslovakia is, after all, eth- nically at least, a Switzerland which has failed to fuse. In this state, which has an area little greater than that | of New York and a population of 15,000,000, there are many races and no majority. Power rests in the hands of 7,000,000 Czechs politically allied with something less than 3,000,000 Slovaks. Against this block stand 3,500,000 Germans, 750,000 Hun- garians, 500,000 Ruthenians and 100,000 Poles. Inevitably, the Ger- mans look to Berlin, the Hungarians to Budapest, the Ruthenians to Kiev and the Poles to Warsaw, In addition the Czechs are divided into various groups ranging from Communists to Fascists. For half a decade Masaryk has been trying to bring about a po- litical adjustment between these races, such as has been achieved between | the German, French and Italian fac- tions of the Swiss population. Attempt Has Failed. That attempt has now failed, as the rise of the Nazi party has disclosed, and the German minor- ity is again looking to Berlin as it did at the close of the World War, As for the Hungarians, always remained intransigeant, while in the case of the Ruthenians, al- though politically little articulate as yet, their ethnic _aspirations look toward the Soviet Union or at least to the Ukraine. Naturally, the small Polish minority, in its turn, looks to ‘Warsaw. And recent events have served to emphasize the centrifugal pull of ethnic circumstances. To save themselves, therefore, the Czechs may feel driven to Fascism. The double menace of German and | Hungarian influences is, however, far | more serious. To bring the 3,500,000 Sudetan Germans into the Reich has always been one of the objectives of the pan-Germans, like the similar aim of acquiring the 6,500,000 Aus- trian Germans. Hungary, on her side, has never ceased to insist upon the restoration of Slovakia, with its | considerable Magyar minority. Be- fore the World Wsr the Germans of | what then constituted the Austrian | half of the dual monarchy denied the Czechs any real political influence | and maintained their control by a tacit alliance with the 5,000,000 Poles f of Galicia. The Slovaks of Slovakia | also enjoyed little or no political in- | fluence under Hungarian rule. The disappearance of the Hapsburg empire was effected by the decision of the Czechs led by Masaryk and Benes to seek independence rather than political equality in the old state. In this decision the Czechs | were backed by Wilson on the ground of self-determination, by Clemenceau because he saw the proposed Slav | state as a bulwark against German | expansion southward, and by the British because of a vague liberal sympathy with the small Slav people, which had enlisted powerful cham- pions in the English press. France Made Land Her Base. After the peace treaties were made Czechoslovakia became the political | base of France in Central Europe and | the dominating factor in the Little Entente. France and Czechoslovakia found a common ground in their fear of Germany. The Czechs, the Serbs and the Rumanians discovered a similar ground for partnership in their dread of Hungarian ambitions. Finally, Yugoslavia and France pres- ently joined hands to meet a prospec- tive Italian menace. As Poland was also an ally of the French, sharing their apprehension of there was thus established a system of alliances under the direction of France, designed to maintain the status quo of the Paris settlement against German attack on the Dan- ube and the upper Elbe and against Hungarian aggression in the Car- pathians. 2 For a time Germany and Italy pur- sued a common policy in the Danubian Basin, and Italy in addition made an entente with Hungary and presently became the champion of the Dollfuss cabinet in Austria. In 1931, however, the effort of Austria and Germany to effect a customs union drove Mus- solini to stand with France in vetoing that project. Three years later the putsch in Vienna in July, 1934, forced Mussolini at last to abandon all hope of coming to terms with Hitler. And that adjustment was disclosed in the accords of Rome between France and Italy last January. + The Little Entente, however, looked /skance 8t this Franco-Italian recon- cilistion. It was unwelcome to the Czechs because Mussolini had in the past given at least tacit support to German ambitions in Silesia and Bo- hemia and to Hurgarian purposes in Slovakia. Yugoslavia was even less satisfied because Italy had long been a dangerous neighbor and had seized Fiume by force against the protest of the Western nations. Nor was Italy more popular in Rumania. With the shift in Italian policy from German to French partnership, therefore, the Little Entente began to crumble and the crumbling still continues. Process Is Twolold. definitely | they have | LEY THREAT SR pathies determined this change, but in Rumania and Yugoslavia it was the growing conviction that Germany was bound in the end to dominate Central Europe and that it was therefore the policy of wisdom to come to terms with Berlin in advance. The same calculation presently led Poland to make & non-aggression pact with Ger- many. Hungary, too, disclosed un- mistakable signs of turning from Rome to Berlin. The Nazi putsch in Vienna last July failed because Mussolini mebil- ized instantly and Hitler's military advisers informed him that the Ger- man Army was in no condition to fight Italy in the Alps, France on the Rhine and Czechoslovakia on the Upper Elbe. But, had Italian troops actually entered Austria, they might have come into collision with ¥ugo- slav forces as well as German. Later, too, after the assassination of King Alexander, the Serbs precipitated an awkward crisis in the League by their attack upon Italy’s Hungarian ally. And the purpose of this attack was to embroil France and Italy, bound as these nations were, respectively, to Yugoslavia and Hungary. For the moment the collapse of the Nazi putsch in Vienna halted Ger- man activity in Austria. But in no long time it was resumed, and still continues. What the agents of Hit- ler now sought to accomplish was to undermine the Schuschnigg-Star- hemberg cabinet. Their task was made the simpler because Dollfuss, under the direction of Mussolini, had | in Vienna by a violent and bloody re- pression. Actually the present Aus- | trian government does not rest upon | any popular support, but constitutes | & dictatorship pure and simple, sus- | tained financially by France and mil- | itarily by Italy, Anschluss Held Inevitable. What would happen if foreign in- fluence were withdrawn no one can tell. Before Hitler came, the demand | for union with Germany had been | constant. Both Catholic and Jewish | influences are today, nominally, at least, opposed to the Anschluss. But it is not less evident that the reduc- tion of the once great Austrian state | to the status of an Italian protecto- rate is a humiliation to Austrian | pride. Nor is there any mistaking the general conviction that sooner or later Austria will be united with Ger- | many. Meantime, German influence is at work rallying its Nasi ailies in Austria and in Czechoslovakia, with results which were disclosed in the recent electiont ‘M “the latter state. To un- dermine #he existing regimes and pre- pare the way for a later interven- tion—that is Hitler's present strategy. And his success in Czechoslovakia is | paralleled by real, if less sensational, progress in Austria. In both cases the fruit is ripening and wili be ready to pick wher: the right moment comes. That moment cannot arrive until Germany is rearmed unless Italy be- | comes involved in an unsuccessful African adventure or the Prench financial crisis produces political repercussions. But it is a safe caleu- lation that when it does arrive only Czechoslovakia, among the states of the Little Entente, will he prepared to fight, and she will be surrounded by Germany, Austria, Hungary and Pol- and, all hostile and all interested in rescuing minorities and provinces now under Czech rule. If Italy were not able and ready to occupy Austria then it is self-evident that there would be nothing the French could do to save Czechoslo- vakia, even if they should invade the Rhineland. For that state would in- evitably be crushed before French troops could hack a road across South- ern Germany to Prague. Such being the case, it is highly improbable that the French would move at all. And British influence would doubtless be exerted to the limit to restrain an ap- prehensive ally. Even were Italy and France to act together, it is by no means certain that Czechoslovakia could be saved and not unlikely that Yugoslavia would go over to Germany and attack the Italians on the flank. Reich Has Bargaining Power. Actually, Germany is in a position to buy Hungarian support by the offer of Slovakia and Yugoslavia, by that of Fiume, and perhaps of Triesta as well. Austrian sympathy can be strengthened by the promise of the liberation of the Germsan minority in the Upper Adige. By contrast what have Germany’s enemies to offer? To Hungary nothing, to Yugoslavia no more, to Austria financial aid at the cost of real liberty. Only the Czechs can find profit in alliance with France ‘and Italy, and the extent of that profit is a matter of doubt in view of the isolated situation of the small Slav state. It was the realization of the Euro- pean implications of an Italian war in Africa far more than any concern for the League of Nations or its prin- ciples which led the British and the French to oppose Italian in Geneva. Today, moreover, the British, French and Italians are all three op- posed to the union of the Germans of the former Hapsburg and Hohen- zollern empires, since they see their own security might thus be com- promised. But the British are not ready to go to war to prevent this anschluss and it is by no means cer- tain the French would march with- out them, as it is at least possible that they and their Italian allies would be defeated if they attempted such an adventure. Nominally, of course, destroyed the Social Democratic party | EDITORIAL SECTION The Sunday Star WASHINGTON, D.: C, SUNDAY MORNING, JUN E 16, 1935. Week End Tour of World Around Globe in UPPER LEFT: CLYDE PANGBORN D I IGH ;AOWER LEFT: THE FEAT THAT FAILED—PANGBORN FALLING IN AN AUTO-PLANE TRANSFER. LOWER RIGHT: P! Four Pangborn’s Pessible Success. PLANE HE FLEW JUST AFTER HIS DISCHARGE FROM THE ARMY. BY LINTON WELLS, Author of “Around the World in 28 Days. OUR AND A HALF days around | F the world without & stop! this Summer! When, in 1933, Wiley Post tautened miles an hour. Pangborn and others believe implicitly that this can be done. “I propose,” says Pangborn, “to over Tchita, and then scoot for San Diego. It's almost 6,000 miles from | her girth strings to 7 days 18 hours | ;X'Chlu to San Diego, but we can make | | 497 inutes—July 15 to July 22— |it. 1::3 oll,:nflrl wuy left (unh{( for | pass over Nome and hit the United | trip. | breath, and it was thought that the Flying a great circle course, we | States near Seattle. The plane that STUNTING AS “DIAVOLO.” DAREDEVIL OF FLYING CIRCUS DAYS. UPPER RIGHT: PANCBORN TODAY. | this Jjob, too,” Pang asserts. | new ~ Uppercu - Burnelll | left. will be even better. only 160 miles an hour during the The reason for this reduced | speed is our desire to arrive at re- 1limit of her endurance had just about | refuels us in New York will dash back | fueling points during daylight. Then, been reached. But Clyde Pangborn, for one, doesn’t think so, and early next month he intends to grab the corset strings, press & foot firmly iato the old gal's back and give her a waistline that even Anna Held would envy. to Seattle to serve us there, in case we need it.” Pangborn is nmow mnegotiating with | the Soviet government for permission | to fly across Russia, to employ Soviet | planes at the two refueling points in the Union, as well as to obtdin gaso- | | He anticipates no difficulty in | aifplane. Deseribing it as having a | line. | too, we'll have to throttle down to |about 100 miles an hour while re- | tueling.” | Vincent Burnelli, the plane’s de- isunar. naturally is even more en- thusiastic than Pangborn over the potential performance of this new In short, Pangborn and two asso- | these respects. His plans provide for | fuselage built to an “airfoil shape, ciates—Bennett Griffin, as copilot, and Reeder Nichols, as radio operator —are planning to hop off from San Diego and fly around the world with- out & stop in four and a half days. The distance to be negotiated is ap- proximately 17.000 miles; therefore Pangborn’s ship will have to main- | an American pilot and radio operator | of his own selection to handle refuel- |ing and communication at Moscow and Tchita, These two crews, not yet | definitely chosen, will take with them refueling hoses, flanges, gasoline “m'ninerx. radio equipment and other | essential paraphernalia. The refuel- | thus eliminating dead parasite re- sistance,” Burnelli says: “The ship we are building for Pang | will hold a 2,500-gallon gas tank. It | will be able to take off easily with 12,000 galions and 500 more can be added in the air, when the power required to ift this tremendous load tain an average speed of about 160 | ing tanks will be built by Soviet labor. | is no longer needed.” | “We've got the ship that can do, “It's & | bresking attempt, Burnelli regards it | monoplane | | transport, powered by two Pratt & | | leave San Diego with a full load of | Whitney Hornets. The last one built | 3 fiight than any other pilot I know,” What a lacing the corset of | gas, meet a refueling ship over New | made 230 miles an hour with & load | he says. Old Mother Universe is due for | York, another over Moscow, a third | and there was still a lot of speed | vantage of having been over the The performance of my ship | ground before, he is & pioneer in the | field of airplane refueling in flight.” “I've told you we intend to average | | ning thus to annihilate time and space | | ingenuity? and a Half Days——17,000-Mile Non-Stop Dash in Prospect. w GBORN AND THE And as for the success of the record- | as being “in the bag.” “Pang is better equipped for such “Besides the obvious ad- ‘Who are these men who are plan- | by means of. their own skill and endurance and man’s mechanical Clyde Pangborn, organizer and | leader of the expedition, is & medium- | sized msn of 39 and a native of | Wenatchee, Wash. He is shy and soft- | spoken—and one of America’s . pilots. It is doubtful if even Pang- | born knows how many -thousands of | hours he has had in the air, but to | hazard a guess, 15,000 would not be | far off. Pang abandoned civil engineering and the University of California to | enter the war as s fiyer, but was | forced to content himself with in- | structing embryo birdmen at Ellington | Fleld, Houston, Tex. He was dis- "(Continued on Page 6, Column 1) | Pay as You Go Landon Governor of Kansas Takes Issue With New Deal’s Spending Policy—Taxes Lower Than in 1932. BY NICHOLAS ROOSEVELT. Author of “America and Engiand?” T JUST isn't right—this spend- 6« I ing of billions of dollars with- out & thought of where the money is coming from. The day of reckoning will be upon us soon and I hate to think of what will_happen when it comes. I am | fearful we are spending our way to| disaster, not prosperity. . The time has | come when we must discontinue dis- counting the future and frankly and fearlessly assess the cost to the public.” The speaker, Gov. Alf M. Landon of Kansas, wore & troubled expression as he elaborated his thoughts. “It’s not alone the load of debt that bothers me,” he said as he peered through his spectacles out of sharp brown eyes. “The New Deal is en- couraging everybody to expect some- thing for nothing from Government.’ ‘The Governor spoke feelingly, but with the utmost simplicity. There is no affectation about this man—none of the pompous mannerisms of the professional politician, none of the sententiousness of some one who talks for effect. Sincerity is Alf Landon's most striking characteristic—sincerity and a complete lack of self-conscious- P although he was born in Pennsyl- vania and attended school in Ohio, this 48-year-old Governor has, during his 30 years’ residence in Kansas, ac- quired even the appearance of the typical Kansan. Cornhaired, ruddy, stocky, he resembles Willlam Allen White and former Gov. Stubbs. Like Es %EEE : 1 i S GOV, AND MRS, LANDON. sponsible for the present situation as our theorists. - It became necessary for Government to protect the public from being plundered by unscrupulous financiers and promoters. But that does not warrant an era of reckless extravagance and the destruction of our independence by a dictatorial program of regimentation.” persisted in its reckless spending, in- flation would be inevitable—and infla- “Kansas has always been on a ‘pay- as-you-go’ basis,” he explained. - “In fact, since I have been Governor I have worked steadily not only to re- . also to reduce ~—A. P. Photo. actually reduced the cost of govern- ment in Kansas and lowered the amount of Kansas debts?” “Yes,” he replied. “The total rev- enue from direct and indirect sources in Kansas was reduced from $137.- 000,000 in 1932 to $97,760,000 in 1934. During this same period the debts of Kansas municipalities and counties were reduced by $17,000,000. The State government has no debt ex- cept for the bonus bonds.” “You are a man after Calvin Cool- idge’s heart,” I remarked. The Governor smiled. “What you really mean,” he skid, “is- that I have followed & policy which is the exact oppesite of the spending of the nationsl ad- ministration. They have sought ways to spend money. I have sought ways to save nd I have found them. The 1933 Kansas Legislature adopted a tax limitation law and put teeth in it by passing & cash basis law, which prevents the issuance of warrants. Every governmental unit in Kansas must live within its in- “But it has been an uphill fight. It has been made possible only because the people of Kansas come of & sturdy pioneer stock. They know that the best policy is to pay as you go. Above all, they know that in the lean years | the thing to do is not to borrow reck- lessly and spend lavishly, but to pull in your belt. Sweat Shop Must Go. “One of the greatest problems con- fronting the Nation is what to do about unemployment,” the Governor remarked after a pause. “As I have said for two or three years, among the most important steps on the way to economic recovery is the development of a sound system of old-age pension and unemployment insurance. There must be permanent elimination of the sweat shop and of child labor. I think old-age pensions should be considered as one of the important steps in the permanent solution of the unemploy- ment problem. It is essential to guar= antee decent, hard-working people security in their old age. Their re- moval from our producing ranks should mark a regular turnover, mak- ing place for younger men and women who are clamoring for the opportunity to work. “Do you remember,” he continued, “how the smart intellectuals in the East used to make fun 'of President Coolidge—and also, in his day, of T. R—for having discovered the Ten Commandments? Well, in my opinion, we are suffering today from the very fact that the people as a whole seem to have forgotten the sound lessons of their youth. We need a greater— not a lesser—emphasis on the old copy ‘book maxims. This country was built up by hard work, self-sacrifice and seif-reliance. We need more— not less—of these qualities today; more individualism and less pater- nalism, I have been preaching this throughout Kansas—and some of my friends have made fun of what they call my ‘sermons.’” ‘The Governor smiled as he said this, and I, too, smiled, for there was some- thing incongruous in the idea of this hard-headed business man being laughed at as a “preacher.” As I talked later with people who knew him I soon learned that those who smiled at his tendency to “ser- Special Articles Travel — Resorts PROCESSES TO PRODUCE G. O. P. NOMINEE START Coalition With Conservative Democrats Unlikely, but Republicans Have Much Timber, Sullivan Says. BY MARK SULLIVAN. BOUT a year from today, if events go as usual, the Re- publicans will be meeting somewhere to nominate presidential a candidate and write a platform. Ordinarily, the Republicans meet the second week in June, the Democrats in the fourth week. There are suggestions that next year the Republicans should wait until after the Democrats meet. Meet- ing subsequent to the Democrats would have some advantage for the Repub- licans. Also there is some logic in having the party in power meet first and the “outs” follow. The prac- tice, however, for more than 30 years, has been that e Republicans, whether in power out, meet first. The Democrats, whether in or out, meet later. There is no Teason why next year the Republicans should not walt, if they see fit, With the Republican convention a year away, the forces and moves that will determine their presidential nomi- nation are under way. Partly by the natural happening of events, partly by the design of men ambitious to be presidential nominees and other men ambitious to be President makers, and partly through other forces, not omit- ting the force of inertia—through all these, the process that will determine the Republican presidential nomina- tion are under way and will continue with accumulating momentum. Democrats Mentioned. A novel feature has, been introduced into the present situation by the sug- | gestion that the Republicans should select as the presidential nominee some one of the several distinguished Democrats who are conspicuous for their criticism of the present Demo- cratic administration ‘The suggestion that the Republicans give their presidential nomination to a Democrat has met with much favor | from conservatives in both parties and from independent voters. But any re- port of existing facts, such as the| present aims to be, is obliged to say there is no great likelihood of the Re- publican presidential nomination be- ing given to any Democrat. Objec- tion is made by active party leaders, both Republican leaders and conserva- | tive Democratic leaders. The objection can be explained in & way as to carry understanding to readers not familiar with party organ- ization. In every State, county and city next year there will be, in ad- | dition to the presidential campaign, local campaigns for local offices. These | local candidates, and the local party organizations fear confusion. For ex- ample, in Virginia next year there will be contests for local offices, with Re- publican and Democratic nominees for each. If, now, a Virginia Demo- crat should accept the Republican nomination for President, what would be the effect on the local Democratic ticket in Virginia? Would his action be interpreted as an invitation to all the Democratic voters in the State to vote the Republican ticket, not only | for President, but for all the local offices? Confusions of that kinl in every State raise objections by local leaders nominee of either party. That quess tion is just now accentuated. The issue in the coming campaign is apt to be associated with the decisions the Supreme Court recently handed down invalidating actions and policies of Mr. Roosevelt. With a campaign upon | such an issue, and with Mr. Roosevelt; | himself a candidate for re-election, it | might be just a little too dramatic to | draft a justice from the court to be his opponent. Question of Propriety Looms. Or would 1t? One school of thought says that in a conflict about inter | pretation of the Constitution the place for justices of the Supreme Court is on the bench. The Supreme Court in- terprets the Constitution. It is often said the court defends the Constitu- tion. “Interpret” is the more accurate word. The Supreme Court takes the Constitution as it is and interprets it as it 1s. Since the court has this re« lation to the Constitution, a question of propriety might be raised if a Justice of the court should resign to be a candidate for President in a campaign in which the issue may be a proposal to amend the Constitution. The court is not supposed to object mmlmtndmenl and, of course, does n | There is, on the other hand, a | school of thought which says that | since Mr. Roosevelt has set himself up in criticism of the court’s decision, s good way to make the issue of the campaign vivid to the people would be for the Republicans to nominate one of the justices. If the justices of the Supreme Court be ruled out, there remain in the group, who for various reasons oceupy the first rank of Republican presi- dential possibilities, Ex-President Hoo- ver and Ex-Secretary of the Treasury Ogden Mills. To discuss adequately | the arguments and conditions which comprise the existing state of facts about these two possibilities, at a time & year in advance of the nomination, would consume more space than the | present article affords. Second Rank Large. The second rank of possibilities for the Republican presidential nomina- tion next year is large. There are so | many that any attempt to list all of | them might give rise to a disturbing | possibility; some one a little over & year from now might recall the list of possibilities now written down— and might find that it did not contain | the name of the actual nominee, an outcome which would be detrimental | to the reputation of the commentator | on_politics who is writing this article. | _To menfion just a few to illustrate the second rank of Republican possi- | bilities, there are Senator Vandenberg | of Michigan, Senator Dickinson of | Towa, Gov. Hoffman of New Jersey, | Gov. Landon of Kansas and Publisher Prank Knox of Chicago. For each of these, and for some others, there is | already some ferment of support. For | two of them, there is semi-organized action looking to the election of dele- | gates favorable to them. | The sum of all of which is that the ferment which will produce a Repub- lican nominee for the presidency is already at work. Partly it is ferment of both parties to a coalition ticket. | Since the local leaders and the local party organizations have so much | power in determining party action, | { it is necessary to say that nomination | in the public mind, partly it is the actions of political leaders intent upon pushing forward the fortunes of one possibility or another. of & Democrat by the Republicans seems improbable. However desirable, [ it does not, at this stage, seem likely. Many conservative Democrats who are most earnest in their conviction that the Roosevelt administration is not truly Democratic, and most willing to prevent Mr. Roosevelt from being re-elected, are nevertheless unwilling ticket. They all want to preserve their sations, and they fear that a coalition ticket for President and Vice Presi- dent would be too confusing and dis- rupting. Have Two Possibilities. These anti-Roosevelt . Democrats ‘would be an independent ticket, made | up of conservative Democtats. At least ithls possibility is greater than that | of & coalition ticket of Republicans | and Democrats. There is yet one other possibility ['conceiveably, the conservative Demo- crats might, at once or soon, or when conceivably the conservative Demo- crats might take hold of the party and require Mr. velt to follow a truly Democratic course. This could be done. Half a dozen conservative Demo- cratic leaders in the Senate and half a dozen in the House, exercising their leadership on Democratic Senators and members who would be glad to follow them, could readily require Mr. Roosevelt to follow a Democratic course. The conservative Democrats feel that so far Mr. Roosevelt has been influenced by persons who are not Democrats, but are, as the conserva- tive Democrats feel in their more ir- ritated moments, mavericks of soms pink variety. It is a fact that those who most infiuence the President are not Democrats, nor do they belong to any other political classification fa- miliar o Americans. The conservative Demoetratic leaders in Senate and House could and may, substitute them- selves as the advisers who determine party policy. Coalition Unlikely. ‘Whatever the conservative Demo- crats may do, whether they effect a regardless of how desirable a coalition ticket of Republicans and conservative Democrats might be, it seems now improbable that there will be one. that the Republicans next way, there are two groups of possi- bilities from whom they may select. to give countenance tc a coalition | separate State and local party organi- | must do something. One possibility | Congress meets again next January— | British Blue Laws Are Still Enforced | LONDON (#)—British “blue laws,” | gloomily referred to here as the “Dora” and mostly found on war-time emer- gency restrictions, are still rigidly en- forced. Nor is any let-up contemplated, even now—17 years after the last shot was fired on the Western Front. A firm reminder that the defense of the realm act (the “Dora™) s still in effect has been served on London theater managers with the summon- ing of & Charing Cross theater opera- tor to Bow street on a charge of violat- ing the law relating to Sunday per- formances. Sunday movies are permitted, but the regulations prescribe that: “No properties or stage costumes, or rticles of a like nature may be used, and no dancing or any form of variety entertainment, play or sketch may be given in connection with the enter- tainment.” The theater manager's alleged breach was that he hired a Russian performer to sing songs of the Volga, clad in a white Russian blouse, blue knee breeches and a iong cloak. Other “Dora” restrictions ‘darken the “pubs” (saloons) an hour before midnight—in some cases at 10 p.m.— and require most shops to close on Sundays and in addition they must close early one other day s week, {Japan Makes Ready For October Census TOKIO (#).—Japan is preparing to take its official decennial census in October, with the expectation it will show a population of nearly 70,000,000 in Japan proper, greater than the homeland population of any other power except the United States and Russia. (The Japanese do not rank China, India and the Dutch East In- dies as world powers.) 1t is also expected that the count will give the Japanese Empire, includ- ing Korea, Formosa, Saghalien and smaller possessions and mandates, & total of 100,000,000 subjects of the Mikado. If to this figure is added the 34,000,000 or 35,000,000 inhabitants of the “independent empire of Manchu- kuo,” actually under the protection and control of the Tokio government, the portion of the human race whose destiny is directed from Tokio ap- proaches 135,000,000, approximately equal to the numbers that live under the Stars and Stripes. ‘The last formal census was in 1925, Gu;de ,Of Reader: .es.D-2 D-4-5-6 Organization Activities...D-8 Fraternal YeWs ,.0000000.D-9