Evening Star Newspaper, January 4, 1931, Page 28

THE EVENING STAR M Edition. J%L_-fly____ IWASHINGTON, D. C. SUNDAY........January 4, 1931 THEODORE W. NOYES. ...Editor ‘The Evening Star Nmpflr Company RES s el Rate by Carrier Within the City. ine P 5c per month Dy i o 2o montn days) per mon'.l; Star .. .5¢ per W% ot mad af thig 65d o cac menth: 33 Be sent. 10 by mail or relephons Rate by Mlll-—l’lylbl:’ in Advance. » 4 g and Sunday .. only . lay only tates and Canada. 1yr.. $12.00; 1 mo.. $1.00 mo.. ~ bc 1sr. 3800 . 13, $5.00i 1mo. 506 = xclt titled e to" Ve s ?«"&a‘u Sation of &l hews dis- A credited t or not otherwise erec- 6 of Bushication of ate also reserved. =3 SRR erei The Victor of the Marne. Named in baptism Joseph Jacques Cesaire, the marshal of France who died yesterday in Paris was best known to his countrymen as “Papa” Joffre. It was a title of affection, of trust. ‘The world at large did not know Joffre well when the great war began. He had fought as a youth in the War of 1870. He had won laurels in African campaigns. He had achieved distinc- tion as a military organizer and as 2 strategist. But when the storm burst only the French knew of his merits. Heé was then a member of the high war council. He was not, indeed, the outstanding officer of high command in the French army, and but for the fact that he was slightly younger than Pau and Gallieni, who were soon to reach retirement age, and Foch, who was due to go on the reserve lists shortly after those officers, Joffre would not have been in a position to take the supreme command, which became his by virtue of his status as chief of the general staff, which he held in July, 1914. With the name of Joffre will always be linked the title of the first great battle of the war, the first battle of the Marne. In the final summing up of the events of the ten days during which it passed through its several stages it was his victory. Others con- tributed greatly to that victory, and to them Joffre gave unstinting credit. To Foch, who in later years rose to the high command but who at the Marne commanded one of the several armies of the French and British forces, Joffre attributed a liberal share of the credit for his remarkable performance in the oeniter at the crux of the struggle. To Manouri, who struck an effective blow upon the German right flank and dis- located the entire line of the invader’s force; to Gallleni, who first noted the opportunity for the striking of this blow and organized the force that was to deliver it; to French, who directed the part assigned to the British army in the final movement that turned the great retreat into an allied offensive; lines intact for the final push—to contributed to the victory Joffre tribute heartily and immediately. Marshal Joffre made military history with his “order of the day” which was $0¢ | tar-reaching plicated this Jegacy. In other words, for the Advancement of Science, Prof. William F. Ogburn of the University of Chicago predicted that it may be neces- sary to/ extend the period of human “infancy” to from thirty to forty years. This time, he conceives, be neces- sary for one to acquire both the funda- mental cultural background of the race and mastery of some specialized skill essential for a livelihood. There can be little doubt that this matter of prolonging “infancy” now constitutes & vital problem. Educators are in a quandary whether to neglect one or the other of these phases. In the United States the trend seems to have been toward emphasizing more and more the specialty, but this involves consequences and has caused revolt from many sides and a possible turning of the tide. But can man afford to devote almost two-thirds of the normal life-span to “infancy”? Have not culture and biology come into an unresolvable con- flict? Has the mind’s increasing pro- ductiveness produced a burden too heavy for the body to carry? It miay be so. In any event, Prof. Ogburn has pro- pounded a serious problem for sociolo- gists, biologists and philosophers. —_————————— Modernizing Court Prooedure. It is a pleasure to note the results of | the determined effort by bench and bar to apply in Washington some of -the methods in court procedure found satis- factory in other cities in simplifying and expediting the disposal of civil cases. The Court’s Commission, whose accept- ed recommendations are reported fully elsewhere in today's Star, deserves the congratulations and the thanks of the community. Aside from the nature of the recom- mendations, which is more important to the justices and to the lawyers than to the lay public, the spirit in which they have been made and approved is significant and praiseworthy. Court machinery in Washington, handicapped for years by an extraordinary amount of litigation and an inadequate per- sonnel, has been functioning in a man- ner that proved a source of grave con- cern to the bench, invited the criticism of the lawyers and provided some of them with ways and means to hinder justice, and left the public generally in the lurch. The dockets were con- gested and there was no indication that the congestion would be or could be relieyed. The first remedy was the increase in the number of justices au- thorized for the District Supreme Court and the subsequent appointment of new judges. The second step has been to take stock of conditions in other cities, to study successtul methods found workable -elsewhere, to sift the wheat from the chaff and to adopt parts of other systems that can be used in ‘Washington. The preparatory work of investiga- tions and visits to other cities has been done quietly and thoroughly. There has been no fanfare of trumpets or beating of drums to send crusading re- formers on their way. The court has been kept fully advised throughout of the progress of an investigation and study that is primarily its own. While the recommendations represent the sug- gestions of the bar, or, specifically, & tee of lawyers, they have been made ‘at the request of the bench. Their purpose is to introduce more efficient and time-saving methods; to clear away some of the log jams that cause congested dockets; to hasten the time when the courts will be waiting for the litigants instead of the litigants ‘waiting for the courts. ‘The recommendations can be adopted and made rules of the court without legislation, which is one of their grati- the | tying points. They sre designed to to | place upon all lawyers s responsibility attack and repel the enemy. Troops that can no longer advance must, at whatever cost, hold the ground won, and sacrifice themselves on the spot rather than retreat. In the face of these facts there must be no faltering. It seemed to the watching world that wveritable miracle had occurred when the spirit which this order breathed after a long series of it would have demoralized inspired force and one less commanded. Joffre then became of magnitude. Yet he was not ideal of the soldier. He was rather kindly, fatherly, friendly gentleman whom chance had given a military uniform for a garb. It was then that his popular Prench title of “Papa” Joffre became known beyond the boun- daries of his land. When, a little later, he was relieved of his high command and given rank as technical adviser to the government in matters concerning the direction of the war, he held, as he continued to hold to the hour of his death, the love of his countrymen, as he held the esteem of the world. Joffre outlived many of his colleagues of the great war. He survived the animosities that were engendered by the struggle and the political complica- tions growing out of it. He participated in few of the controversies, though he ‘was partisan to some of those who were engaged in them. Foch has gone, Clemenceau hac passed and Poincare is desperately ill and is likely to live but a little longer, and will never again take part in active affairs. Now Joffre goes, and for him there is the deepest sorrow, as there is the highest praise for his great service. A Chicago gang man, having dodged 80 many bullets, finds a matter of dodg- ing mere taxes comparatively easy. Forty-Year-0ld Infants. Infancy—broadly speaking, the period which an organism requires to be so adapted to its environment that it can shift for itself—becomes progressively longer the higher the species in the evolutionary scale. Below the human level the limiting factors are slmost exclusively biological. The animal is sufficient unto itself when #t mcquires the requisite physical strength to gather the customary food of the species and internal organs suffl- clently developed to digest this fare. Man, however, has added an enormous complication of cultural factors, The race has a great legacy of experience, which must be incorporated in the newly born member of society before he or she is competent to function as & fully devoloped unit of the social struc- sure. ‘The higher the development of dvm-tmmwmmwm- that every good lawyer takes pride in voluntarily accepting, and that is to be ready for trial with a prepared case when the case is called. They dimin- ish the time required and cut to a mini- mum the grounds submitted for delays and continuances. They release all but one of the justices from the time-con- suming routine of consideration of mo- tions, signing formal orders, assign: ment work, etc., in order that they may devote an additional day to trial of cases as well as begin the day's trials immediately with the opening of court. Such work is to be piaced under Jjustice, who will sit in a Motions and Assignment Court. The justices will take this assignment in rotation. Of most interest to the lay pub- lic, perhaps, is the expected elim- ination of the hardship placed on wit- nesses, as well as on jurymen and even litigants, who have heretofore been forced to spend an endless amount of wasted time waiting for the cases in which they are to appear to be called for trial. When the new system is per- fected it is expécted that when wit- nesses reach court they will be able to appear almost immediately, and jury- men will know in the morning whether or not their services during the day will be required. It is understood that other recom- mendations regarding jury service and the selection of jurors may follow those Just approved. If they promise as much success this community will indeed have cause for gratification. —— o ‘Two strangers who headed the line of callers and were invited to breakfast with the President had a wonderful adventure. It is just possible, too, that the President derived a certain pleas- ure from the presence of two guests who could not possibly be suspected of having any “politica: axes to grind.” —————————— After being told “where he got off,” BSenator Norris did not hesitate assume the manner of one who thinks he knows the stations better than the conductor. ———t e Water Needed. ‘The Weather Bureau places the ac- cumulated deficlency in precipitation crops the matter may not seem one of importance. Continued clear days merely pave the way for uninterrupted pleasure to some persons; but those who rejoice at such weather are very short-sighted. A normal mixture of rain and sun is necessary, and the far-reaching effects THE SUNDAY - STAR, WASHINGTO of the lack of their proper proportions, as worked out in averages for many| years, will be seen later. Perhaps it is not mere chance that world-wide weather upsets have been coincident with economic depressions throughout the world. Abnormal weather has been witnessed in England for two years and more. There have been floods and landslides in France, and queer fogs in Belgium. In the United States the drought has been the most striking meteorological phenomenon during the year 1930. In it the District of Columbia, Maryland and Virginia had their full share. It is as yet too early to determine ac- curately the damage, if any, which the dry spell—still prevalent—has had upon the trees and shrubbery of the public parks of the National Capital. It is to be hoped that Winter snows and rains will materially lessen the possible dam- jage. 8o far this Winter the city has (enjoyed a normal type of weather, in which both rain and snow have played parts. Not enough water has come down, however, to fill the reservoirs of nearby Maryland communities, and some of them still are depending upon the Dis- trict's water supply. The man of fore- sight will not be displeased if, during the months impending, much rain and snow comes to these areas. Although much precipitation may cause heavy expense and some inconvenience, water in any form from the heavens is very much needed and will be well worth while. ——— The Akerson Resignation. ‘The resignation of George Akerson as secretary to the President leaves & gap in the executive offices of the White House which it will be most diffi- cult to fill. Since 1925 Mr. Akerson has been at the right hand of his chief. His publicity experience, his unfailing tact in his relationship as the President's contact man with the public, his ex- traordinary physical energy and his broadening political perspicacity have combined to render him almost inval- uable to Mr. Hoover. And when one adds to this group of qualifications the unselfish devotion to' the President's every interest which Mr. Akerson has 50 unostentatiously displayed, it must be realized that here was practically the ideal individual for a difficult and exacting duty. Those close to the President are aware that no one played a more vital and few a less conspicuous part in the nomination of Mr. Hoover for the presi- dency in 1928 than did George Akerson. His services then and since have been of such moment that their termination is to be almost as deeply regretted by the general public as by the man at whose side he has served. —_— e If every man and woman who waits to shake the hands of the President can be depended on to vote in accordance with his salutation, it might occur to some of the advisers who show no humane consideration for victims of the great American handshake to have the White House receptions larger and oftener. ——————————— Confidence is all that is required to clear up & passing shadow in the finan- cial situation. A certain amount of caution, however, is commended in see~ ing that the confidence is the genuine article with nothing to do with the out- put, of the professional “con” man who occasionally finds & way to intrude into the most important matters. ‘There are at present in the country at least three recognized geniuses— Henry Ford, Thomas Edison and Albert Einstein. Yet each occupies a sphere of his own and no one of the eminent trio ventures to explain in detail the mental operations of the other two. ———e——————— Psychologists who are looking for some easy problem will now explain in & few brief words why the impulse to write “1930” continues to be irre- sistible. SHOOTING STARS. youth loved so well. snowflake may its presence give, frozen star diminutive And winds may wait with magic rare 'o change the scene to crystal fair And leave us thinking we have met A Sindbad scene with diamonds set. 8o wherefore sigh for Maytime fair When blossoming is in the afr, Let's welcome beauty when we may— This is & January day! Tenacity of Viewpoint. “You never question that your coun- try is always right?” “Never for a moment,” answered Benator Sorghum. “But I cannot close my eyes to the possibility that some of the men who come temporarily into power may be absolutely wrong.” | | Jud Tunkins says & man who never owns up to a mistake is likely to find his luck getting harder and harder as he goes on making it. Perfect Impartiality. The politiclan says with language | “Another’s l'l"\lfllnl'l entirely wrong,” | a5 strange; My own opinions frequently I change.” Slight Misapprehension. “The old year is said to have been pretty wet around here” “Must have been,” answertd Uncle Blll Bottletop. “I heard a lot of folks talk about wringing out the old and “It is easy to speak wisely,” sald HI Ho, the sage of Chinatown, “but often difficult to act in accordance with your own words.” - Merger Possibilities, When all the rallroads are one enter- prise, When towns as one, consolidated, rise And dwelling places are one building |87 vast, Ah, how convenient life will be at last! “De one small comfort in a drought,” sald Uncle Eben, “is dat noiody comes along to borry an umbrells.'y “A BETTER SPIRIT” BY THE RIGHT REV. JAMES E. FREEMAN, D. D, LL. D., Bishop of Washington. ‘The increasing problems of recent days, that are by no means local but universal, have at least accomplished one thing—they have made us more re- flective and, let us hope, more consid- erate. It is a curious fact that adver- sity provokes in us more of sympathy and more of understanding of the prob- lems of others. It would certainly be an unfortunate thing were we to pass through periods of misfortune without being made better by them. We have always liked the lines: “The good are better made by ill, As flowers crushed are sweeter still.” Repeatedly we have seen natures that were hard and unresponsive made ten- der and kindly through a protracted pe- riod of ill fortune. We shall hardly re- move all the bitterness that is in the world, even though we may be the sharers of a general depression, but it is reasonable to hope that some of us will emerge from our present situation the better and the more wholesome from the experience through which we have As we survey our own environment or the world at large at this time, can we consistently believe that we are slip- ping back, that old and tested standards no longer have their appeal and that things in general are on a lower plane than they once were. To hold such a view implies that we are not only standing still, but actually receding. We recall that the late President Had- ley of Yale said to us that after his re- tirement he had found time to make certain surveys of men and things that in his busier life he had been denied. Among other things, he set up certain standards of measurement by which he sought to appraise the relative worth and merits of certain outstan men in our national life. He told me Te- sults of this study had led him to place a new value upon certain personalities whom he had hitherto lightly esteemed. He observed that this simple study had tended to broaden his views, to freshen his hopes and to give him a higher con- ception than he had heretofore held of men and institutions. It was a profit- able and commendable method. Our judgments are all too frequently made without adequate knowledge or proper reflection. We are the victims of temperamental and environing condi- tions and our judgments are biased and narrowed by the passing circum- stances of life. How tly, some notable figure has passed from our vision, do we realize that our judg- ments concerning him in life were ungenerous and unfair. One of the best resolutions that we might make at this time is to be more consistent and accurate in our appraisal of those who stand in conspicuous places and who, in the main, are the victims of ungen- erous and unreflected criticism. We might also apply this rule to those who occupy slmu of intimacy within the icted area of our own lives. When it comes to our judgment concerning the religlous habits and practices of other folk there is a large fleld for a broader and finer charity. It is an anomalous thing that here in this fleld, which above all others calls for con- sistency of judgment and refinement of feeling, we disclose so much of nar- rowness and bigotry. Surely our age is calling for a finer breadth of vision and @ kindlier spirit. More and more we are being compelled to recognize the eternal worth of those noble words, “Though I speak With the tongues of men and of angels, and have not char- ity, I am become as sounding brass or a clanging cymbal.” It might be well for us to make this whole thicteenth chapter of I Corinthians on charity and standards of judgment, a rule of life. ‘What we are in our religlous convictions comes to us largely by inheritance or by force of circumstances. Our political and religious professions largely come to us from home and early environ- ment; this, however, does not preclude wth in the direction of a broader, indlier and more generous spirit. The standard given to the world by the Master of men is certainly bigger and finer than any of our professions of faith and practice. We are far from at- taining that conception of brotherhood that He demanded. Let us n a new year firmly resolved that we sl more consistently and generously treat our neighbors who do not belong to our pe- culiar cult, but whose habits bear the unmistakable evidences of consistency and loyalty to supreme ideals. We face a new year with the unchanging belief that 1t"is to be a better, kindlier and more generous one than we have ever known. Factors That Make for Delay in Approval of Proposed Rail Mergers BY WILLIAM HARD. ‘Two E:;ertul forces are working against ediate approval by the In- terstate Commerce Commission of the proposed Eastern railroad consolidation scheme. No bigger business proposition has been before the country in recent years. Consolidation is sald to be needed if certain eminent railroad financial interests are to be saved from d‘n"r'flltmm that point o; view fge consolidation program agreed upon by the Baltimore & Ohio and the Penn- sylvania and the New York Central and the Nickel Plate receives support here in many high, responsible quar- ters, On the other hand, adverse infiu- ences are at work.as the plan awaits consideration by the Interstate Com- merce Commission, which is not by law in any way bound to accept the ap- proval given by the President. R The first of these forces Is the par- liamentary tangle regarding consolida- tion in Congress. second is the attitude assumed the organization of railroad labor. e two are inter- connected, but also have separate aspects. m Senate last Spring directed its Committee on Interstate Commerce to “inves the matter of consolidation and unification of railroad proj and the effect of such consolidations and unifications upon the public in- terest.” This investigation is under way, but has not comoleted. Hearings have pot been held. Certain researches have been made by agents of the committee and have been put into form for the perusal of members of the committee. The next step in prospect has been the summoning of witnesses. These witnesses would in- clude railroad executives and rajlroad bankers who would testify as to the need and value of consolidations. It was clearly the intent of the Senate that the hearings should be before fur- ther consolidations were effected. * ok l'rhh l‘rgc“x]::.:u made eh;:; :y the almost s oS passasn of reso- lution by the Senate forbidding the Interstate Commerce Commission to approve any consolidations till March 4, 1931, That resolution went to the House of Representatives and was there amended by the House Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce and is now on the House calendar, In its amended form it contains in pmquph the whole of the present conflict which exists between capital and labor regarding consolidations and which is bound to have s most im- t influence uj outcome of present consol in ington. 1 * % kW ‘The words Committee Commerce, the consolidation, tives of any such employes, may vene and be heard. As & condition of its approval of any such consolida- tion the commission thorized to h is auf require that hardships or losses im- posed uJ result, of be min! or ce | This interdependence loyes were to be taken into considera- 'fmf g:l.:re consolidation should be sancti # Enormous interest was thereupon fo- cused by Washington upon the state- ment made by D. B. president of the Bi road Piremen and c! | And adds, “You must not think of this | Mr. the Wmm v;\gmu, the called Labor. views may to be authoritative from the standpoint of the ra empl ’ = tions large :hl;icm:eh l.n “gmrolwdn a _very ves amount of decisive political power. * ok kK Mr. Robertson takes two positions. He states in the first place that the employes were not consulted by the Eastern railroad presidents in the course of their conferences for the perfecting pro terests .mpl:ly?nm u“mfid:‘u:ln pi rov: an) A I S nement of - Eorenemen, f AP o o Thie It precisty the Dalcy of Sepator Couzens of wnh{ltn. .chairman of the Senate Committee on’ Interstate Com- merce and legislative author of the Sen- ate resolutions above ‘The fundamental nature of the prob- B S Eh Robertson, | d¢] Rall” | trom the Isthmus to Cape Horn is main- ¢ m:-hnnbunm last year by Mr. Daniel Willard, presi- dent of the Baltimore & Ohio, in the following terms: “The economies to be realized eventu- ally by consolidation will come through making it unnecessary to provide as much new capital as might otherwise be necessary. That is one economy. The other economies are labor and material, less of both being needed—particularly labor. In fact, the only economies that can be made to any extent in railroad service are by the use of fewer em- ployes. Our show that the wages pald for labor constitute about 60 per cent of our total operating ex- nses and material about 40 per cent. t is safe to say that of the value of materials probably 50 per cent repre- sents wages paid to labor, so that when a railroad reduces its operating ex- penses by a dollar, it is a safe thought that 80 per cent of the total must be taken as representing less wages paid to somebody. K k% In other words, the economic gain of consolidations is purchased principally by reduced employment. The interest oi the railroad employes in the situa- tion, especially in & time of drastic unemployment, is thus admitted on all hands. t interest will now be force- fully pressed upon the Senate and upon the House of Representatives. In par- ticular, it will be pressed upon the Sen- ate to secure the immediate summon- ing of witnesses before the Senate Com- mittee on Interstate Commerce in ac- cordance with the provisions of the Senate resolution uzfi“fl last Spring re- quiring an inv tion by the whole consolidation process to date and for the future. If such witnesses are in course of be- ing heard by the committee during the remainder of this Winter, and if the Congress has not acted upon their tes- timony by the time this present session of the Congress adjourns, it is held doubtful here if the Interstate Com- merce Commission would by itself without further legislative authority proceed to act. The suggested Eastern consolidation scheme would then lle over until next Winter. (Copyright, 1931.) Year Opens With Hope For Business Revival BY HARDEN COLFAX. chasing power of producers as wel consumers, * K % are now get official eommlan: !ru::x the worl P chiefly crude foodstuffs and industrial raw materials—in every country. The fall of prices has reduced the purchas- ing mm— of the producing countries and ir imports have declined. And 80 on Al'\mnugI = vlclnl:a;lrck. 'I‘twn:‘- can , 10l can g has been shown B:rucuhrly by the relations between e Latin American countries and the industrial lands of the Old World and the United States. Latin America, which humex'pemnclfl half a d”nt governmental overturns during,the pas year, is suffering from the general world ression. economic life of the countries ly concerned with producing ecrude u.xlu—nw materials, both mineral ant cultural—which they exxon to the United States and the industrial countries of Europe. When the factories in these industrial countries became idle they ceased to demand those raw materials which Latin America pro- duces. This meant depression, reduced purchasing power, hard times and po- litical overturns from Venezuela to Ar- gentina. In these Latin American coun- tries, as well as in some of the lands of Europe, government efforts have been made, by tariffs, embargoes and other restrictions, to reduce imports, with a resultant injury to trade in The decreases in value caused N lowee pronoun in the bulk of goods car- * kK ok During the last few months of 1929 and the first half of 1930, there was a steady decline in both the volume and value of world trade. Government fig- ures estimate this decline at 14 per cent, roughly speaking, from the correspond- ing period a year before, and 11 zz:l- cent, in general figures, less than t 1 Figurgs rece: by ived from 1t ried. Col. 8. C. Vestal, now chief | blessed, where, amid luxuriant vegeta- | pineapple canneries employ an average , luxu; Justice of the American cause. Whole- D. C, JANUARY 4, 1931—PART TWO. Capital Sidelights ‘The bicentennial anniversary last month of Baron von Steuben, who was such a tower of strength to Washing- ton in the Revolution, has prompted many eulogies in Congress. Very much has been written of Steu- ben'’s career and what he accom lhhe‘d. n an essay of the historical section at the War College here. In Germany he was one of the most trusted officers of the Prussian King, and toward the close of the Seven “ears’ War was an aide-de-camp on the King's al staff, one of a group o} ung officers sélected to study military tactics under Prederick’s per- sonal supervision, and at the conclu- sion of the war was guaranteed an ncome by the King. From the time he arrived in America and began® his active service in the Winter of 1778 at Valley Forge, he roved indispensable in organizing, raining and disciplining e Army. The opposition he met at the start in his work of persistent drilling, reviews, re- mrt! and inspections, vanished when e fine results began to be seen, and due to his efforts it was a coherent and valiant army that marched from Valley Forge in the Spring to resume active operations. From this on, as Col Vestal points out, the Army was a match, man for man, for the best British troops, as shown at Monmouth, where, except for Gen. Charles Lee, Clinton might have suffered the same fate as Burgoyne and Cornwallis; at Stony Point, where an ican column stormed the works with unloaded mus- kets and took them at the point of the bayonet; at Guilford Courthouse, where & single regiment of Centinentals over-~ came two enemy regiments each larger than itself; at Eutaw Springs, where the Americans swept the field with the bayonet, and at Yorktown, where Hamilton’s column of assault took the enemy redoubt with unloaded muskets and fixed bayonets. With reference to the Battle of Mon- mouth, it is well known that Wash! ton mainly depended upon Steuben reform the army which had retreated at Lee’s direction, and to carry on the battle suceessfully. Steuben was one of the large number of witnesses who testified before the court-martial of Lee which followed the battle, and, because | }: of Lee's severe strictures on his testi- mony, challenged the latter to a duel, which was declined with the explana- IN MODERN HAWAL | BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. The American or other overseas vis- itor ufnn approaching the mountainy isles of Hawall itably visions to himself islands of the tion, an t and loving people while away the time to the strumming of ukuleles and the plaintive strains of rl ic songs adaj island music from Methodist ry hymns. Yet, if that visitor has been observant, when the time has come for him to depart and he hears the alobha out to him over the water as his steamer steers away again, he will real- ize that the islands are almost as much industrial in character as they are either primitive or agricultural. Life is easy in Hawall. It would be as possible for the population to dwell in complete indolence there as in any tropical land where Nature's bounty is sufficient larder with no aid from the hand of man in cultivation. Instead of accepting these gifts and doing noth- ing, the natives have been stimulated by the Americans who have gone to the islands to take advantage of the ex- | traordinary natural advantages and help turn the Territory into a hive of industry as well as a cultivated garden. Industry is widely ramified. It fol- lows, in the main, the needs of the basic agricultural crops, but caters to them on a larger scale than in most tropical lands. In so many countries where the riches of Nature are poured out with improvident abundance merely the raw materials are ested and then shipped far overseas to be proc- essed and handled in a distant, colder and more industrial country. In Hawall much of this work is done at home alongside the plantations which bring forth the raw materials. By far the &umc manufacturing enterprises of islands have to do with the grinding of sugar cane, the manufacture of sugar and the process- ing and canning of pineapples. These industries have reached amaszing pro- portions. ‘Thé islands now are producing not far short of. 1,000,000 tons of sugar a ear. While not all of the sugar grown in Hawail is refined to the tion that there had been no intention 18 ine to reflect on Steuben's courage. further illustrati = Wwhich Steuben gave, selected Greene and Steuben, who were very close friends, to go to the South. But it was later determined that Steuben should stop in Virginia to collect men and means and send them southward to Greene. Al- though Steuben never joined Greene in his campaign, he was back of the vic- uln-(ea‘chu uv;efe won, for Greene relied almost entirely on the troops that Steuben furnished him. b Steuben was no mere soldier of for- tune. He came here convinced of the heartedly committed to its su; never faltered because of belnplpo;&m‘lll; compensated during the years of his service or because of adverse criticism from which he and no other actor in the drama could completely escape. In declaring his purpose never to yield, on one occasion he wrote to ess: “When I drew my sword I made s solemn vow that only death could com- pel me to give up before Great Britain would recognize the American Inde- "Having _identified _ himse If with America, he remained an American throughout his life, becoming a citizen of the State of Pennsylvania, and he exerted himself with activity and vigor in many directions to speed the im- provement_ and progr country. -He prepared for Washin; & wise plan for disbanding the Army, which for lack of money could not be carried out. He submitted to the Secretary of War a plan for a military @cademy, which is substantially the plan in effect at West Point, He sug- gested the founding of the Society of the Cincinnati, and presided at the meeting by which it was organized, and was president of the New York chapter of that soclety. He was also president of the German Society of New York, and a regent of the university of the State, and, when war with England seemed possible in 1794, New York placed him at the head of the commis- sion appointed to prepare that city for any attack which might be made. Born in November, 1730, two in advance of the death of his friend and admirer. * Since then monae ments have been erected here and else- where to honor him as one of our famous soldlers and citizens, the year ended -June 30 last. During 1930 prices in British trade fell about r cent below the level of those in 1929, while those in Germany feil a little more than 8 per cent. It is interes to note that the present drop in prices differs somewhat from the decline of 1920-21. Ten years ago there was a natural reaction from the post-war inflation. Now it seems that the fall in has been caused, and Gt well as the fi “M viest losses in e trade have beg:-lunered by chlle,xmmenunl. Australia, Egypt and Canada, all pro- ducers of primary raw materials. The decline seems to have been just short of 35 per cent. Other countries suf- fered smaller losses. American export and import trade began to decline dur- ing the closing months of 1929, at about the time of the stock market crash. The decline continued through- out 1930, neutralizing a seven-year steady expansion. We are now about Wwhere we were in 1922. Our exports n 1930 total about $3,850,000,000, qumtasos.ooo,ono,m in 19 total stoppage during the second half of the year, and | for sale to tourists. Curios Sclentific Methods Employed. Pineapple canning, on the other hand, is an operation which is wholly completed on the islands. The pine- apples are harvested from the rolling acres of plantations, cleaned and cut into the familiar life-belt shapes and canned in accordance with the most ‘modern processes. Great factories oper- af the islands, employing at the height of the season 23,500 men and women. The pineapples come into the factories in their raw condition. They pass out and down to the docks in hermetically sealed cans the contents fruit for final consumption. By employing mass production meth- ods, the.fruit is Fifty Years Ago ‘In The Star On the strength of the report of the engineers that l'm)'f foundation col be found in Planning for a Sudictary mm‘ P Buiting New . the new rocspawricd L1 out great expense, a sional ittee having thilm‘}:t in charge was pnedwml’:rnu- islation itely after the recon- vening of Congress in 1881. The fol. lowing in The Star of December 29, 1880, relates to this question: “Plans and designs in several different styles of architecture have been sent to Senator Voorhees, i 4 i space in Library rooms at the Capitol be filled, and yet there 4s a s crease in the number of volumes. shelves contain double rows of books— one row behind the floors are stacks and the present right entries reach aboul in no former above 11 i E?éfi e ge them for display, and they must remain as s0 much dead mat- ted by the Government to be kept in the Library, this increased the decline of buying | the power in European markets. The value of goods bought and sold throughout the. world during 1930 (if present available figures hold gocd for { the full 12 months) will be about $4,000,000,000 below the sales of 1929. | This enormous loss—more than $15,- 000,000 for each working day—has been a large factor in increasing the number of the “jobless” and aggravating the general depression. It has demonstrated conclusively the importance of foreign » not only as an international peacemaker, but in the domestic econ- | omy of individual nations. * ok ok x ‘There are undetérminable factors in the situation as the world enters 1931, not the least tous_of which is Soviet Russia. However, Europe, which means so much to us as a customer, is not _without l'm’;e. ‘Unemployment, which will probably be at its peak dur- ing the next few weeks, may reach ur country. these vast and valuable exchanges to the Congressional Library. “To these must be added thousands of volumes of documents, published an- nually by foreign governments, which were obtained by ext for the works, documents, etc., published by our e eoncruments, Taking Jeary & vernmen g a vast wfim. are stored in the Li- brary. Besides these of collection and increase, there is the yearly purchase of books and tions, ete., with money appropriated by Congress for that 3 ““This stream is constantly pouring in upon the Library, which is already so [nmlckefl and jammed that it is utterly make room for more. by lower | talk s?g§§§= Sz of in the cans, the | Waikiki cans sealed and labeled, then packed in cases in one continuous process. & is & rush season, when the peak is handled, but the year of 12,000 workers. This is on & large scale. So mm wallan pineapple industry is out for | some 264,000,000 cans of. 0st of the pack is shipped, millions of cans left over for Nknl': the ning. jor can: industry. Pmucm{np:l?o- manufactured right in the &m’; to rt:et vu& of $3, po for L While these are i’l‘l‘lmu of the Territory of Hawaii, whence major proportion of the island springs, many others have appeared during the three decades of American possession. Molasses, an inevitable uct, first was allowed to now is converted into merous articles of commercial value, | Last year 28,000,000 gallons were | ped to the United States for conversion into mixed cattle feed, alcohol and other products. Many Kinds of Manufacturing Done. Pulp of the ground cane stalks, once wholly waste, now is used in the manu. facture of paper and wallboard. pineapple industry has its by-) also in the shape of cattle alcohol. More than 50,000 pineapple alcohol were shipped to United States last year. ‘There are 1,200 coffee plantations In Central America States. A wide variety of articles of ol use is made in the Territory. A amount of cotton is grown on islands and it is manufactured there for local consumption. In jist of industries found ars be: 3 batteries, brooms, bedsprings, Boch Ao thiaigh the AlpRADEt. o lown e E Many garments are made, largely of an ornamental nature for export and are in large quantities for the tourist and tourists spend more than $10,000,~ 000 a year in the islands. purpose. While taki of her native raw malerials her industries, the Territory ried industrialization manufactures almost everything electric signs to paper boxes. Yet it is all done in a sof surely and it manner. short 597 Bl e géiiig EED § i ¥ German Stability Needed To Check Militant Russia BY A. G. GARDINER, England's Greatest Liberal Editor. ! R ik Opinion here fully realizes stability of Germany is serve Western civilization tegration in the face of the power of organized Russian which deliberately aims at throw of that clvilization. 3t 4 e i eEedt com) their diff of challenge magnitude of which palpable. 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