Evening Star Newspaper, January 4, 1931, Page 30

HENDERSON DREAMS OF THE DAY OF PEACE Britain’s Foreign Secretary Keeps His Powder Dry as He Holds His Party in Power. ‘(Continued From First Page.) little local parties and young and finan- clally insecure trade unions. It was & long and tough fight. battles at conferences to keep unruly delegates who were not so much “agin the government” as against all authority from rebelling against the executive au- thority of the party. ln'i’oonwnu would begin to shout. Up would heave the massive figure in & high white collar and immaculate frock ocoat—the Methodist preacher and Labor leader from the north. Out would boom his powerful voice. It would not be per- suasive, but it would be compelling. And the upshot would be that the rebels who wanted to howl Henderson down and kick him out were themselves subdued, less by cajolery than by the heavy hand and the big stick of the master of the who knew—and knows—its every detail. In his room at Labor headquarters in Eocleston Square he conceals the iron hand in a padded glove. Here his avuncular reputation has been earned. He pauses in his work of planning and negotiating to adjust a difference with good-humored adroitness or bring two disputants together and smooth over their quarrel for the good of the party. When the war broke out he had to make probably the biggest decision of his life. The party he had built up was in danger of splifting between the na- tional Labor men who were patriots first and took the view that the war was just and should be supported and the inter- nationally minded Socialist pacifists like Ramsay MacDonald, who denounced the war in general and British participation in particular. While MacDonald was playing the role of what came to be called defeatism, Henderson, chairman of the party, led the majority to the support of the war. His three sons joined the army. One, the eldest, fell in Prance. Actually Labor Adviser. Asquith, premier and Liberal leader, teed himself Labor support by taking Henderson into his coalition cab- inet. His post was that of education minister, but his real role was that of Labor adviser in the national govern- ment. When Asquith fell, Lloyd George ut the powerful Labor leader into his alm as paymaster general and officiat- ing’ Labor adviser. No Labor man had ever held cabinet office before, and Hen- derson would not have been human if he had not been tickled to be thus taken into the inner ring of the governing clique. ‘The end of his war-time career, how- ever, was not exactly happy. As a mem- ber of the inner war cabinet he was all for the strenuous prosecution of the war and a champion of the government on all public occasions. Then Russia cradked, and Lloyd George seemed to that a Labor politician might do good than the ambassador (a Tory, like all professional diplomats) at St. Peiersburg. He sent Henderson out as head of a mission, with the ambassadorship in his pocket. But when the shrewd emissary had had a talk with Sir George Buchan- an, the British diplomat in charge, and had seen for himself what was happen- had ed the impotence of camot ed Dumas’ account of out Fouchet’s stronghold at Belle Isle) that Lloyd George had learned all he wanted to know from one of his own secret service men are questions which finally by only Oz have yet to appear. They historic fact Temains that Hen- Stockholm peace conference, and ‘Ramsay MacDonald with him. | His rupture with Lloyd George was te. His tone changed. The war Lloyd George was | more virong th: Made Home Secretary. How far in this volte-face he was | actuated by personal feeling and how | far by party considerations is a ques- tion. In 1926 he was not an advocate of the ge: . But he stood in and was co-opted with MacDonald on spell of power permitted under the con- stitution. The Bolsheviks on that oc- casion had Eomued would abstain from they had let him wary MacDonald nor. son was now in a hurry to put their political heads into Moscow’s mouth again. But the extremists raised a yell. Mos- cow was asked to send an embassy, and did. This gentleman, the Soviet Ambassador in Paris, pressed for the exchange of ambassadors and full re- lations again. But Henderson stalled him off until he and MacDonald had taken a measure of the party feeling at a conference at Brighton, a popular south coast resort. The demand for full resumption of relations was so strong that Henderson sent for the Russian. ‘The two met in a bed room in a hostelry at Lewes, a quiet little country town eight miles inland. In secret ses- sion here the staid Wesleyan “Uncle Arthur” and the atheist representative of the red republic negotiated a deal. There were to be discussions to settle all outstanding questions, including debts and Third Internationale propa- ganda. News of progress to date is that debt talks continue and are likely to continue for a long, long time to come, and that subversive propaganda continues and is to continue for a long, long time to come. In the last week of October Hender- son had to get up in Parliament and admit that he had once again been obliged to warn the Soviet Ambassador about propaganda, but that the latter had asserted that the Soviet govern- ment could not control the Third In- ternationale—a state of affairs which was not news to Henderson, but both he and MacDonald had banked on the su- preme boss, Stalin, passing the word along to his henchmen in the Third Internationale building to pipe down on propaganda in all British and Brit- ish Empire territories. It looks as if the economic depression, the great breeding ground of the Bolshevik germ, has been too much for Stalin. ‘The disarmament business at first seemed to hold bright promise. The London negotiations for the leveling down and up of fleets were regarded by the MacDonald-Henderson combination as a springboard for the big jump to & disarmament conference which wouid settle the hash of the European militarists, enormously enhance the prestige of Labor regimes at home and advertise Labor among the peoples of the world as the sort of government they had be!f.erg:. themselves if they desire to escape fate of the cannon fodder in the last war. Has Lost Lot of Illusions. With a great labor movement sweep- ing Europe, with sympathetic reper- cussions over the rest of the worid, the dawn would break of that great inter- national confederation, that veritable brotherhood of man, which is the dream and the inspiration of the more ideal- istic of these labor leaders. Henderson views a general disarma- ment conference some time this year as Labor’s great contribution to forelgn policy. But “Uncle Arthur” has lost a lot of peace by the pun- gent stench of cordite and poison gas. He knows, no man better, that war talk and war plans are more prevalen: in Europe today than at any other time since the World War ended. ‘That is why he demands disarma- ent before security. M. Briand, the silver-tongued orator of peace—getting very old now—shrugged his disdain. le! Never in this life of this world! From the Palazza in Rome cynical chuckles. And presently Mussolini also pronounced in favor of disarmament. But Henderson the foreign secretary has learned that there are more angles to this disarmament word than Hen- derson the politician and Labor leader had ever dreamed could be possible. He knows now that Muesolini's passion for dirarmement really means that the Duce wants to clip 22 overwhelming | armaments cf PFrance and her allies and sccure a balance in Versailles in| which Italy, with her compact and en- larged war machine and from her strategical position, can tip the scale in favor of either of the two great groupe —on the one hand France, Poland an the three states of the Little Entente, and hand came on the other , Aus- Hungary and It is this and vledge which hes similar other |inspires Henderson in all the speec . They were pulled vortex. If any leader had stayed out he would have been branded a traitor, an Labor would never have tolerated him in its movement again. MacDonlad made Henderson home secretary in his first Labor ministry of | 1924, wanting the portfolio of foreign | affairs for himself. But a premier can- { pot combine two jobs without risking a | breakdown. MacDonald, who is not a | long-distance man—he quickly tires, but | quickly recuperates—soon found this | out. When he was cabinet making this last time, therefore, he cast the massive | and benevolently impressive Uncle Ar- thur for the role, well knowing that Henderson shared all his fundamental ideas about the policies of promoting international peace, and in large affairs would not jealously object to the intru- sion of his chief. Henderson has thus taken all the weight of the routine work of foreign policy off MacDonald’s shoulders. All | the same, MacDonald has been in on | every big move, for he is an internation- alist, and foreign policy is his life | Henderson has no command of lan- | guages, but this is not considered a drawback in a British foreign secretary. | Earl Grey, Asquith's foreign secretary, in charge of the foreign office in the | momentous years leading up to the Great War, knew only English and was not | even a traveled man, while Austen Chamberlain, Henderson's predecessar, speaks only a stiff Anglicized French which would Paris. As this lack, Henderson has the advantage of an extensive knowl- edge of Europe. Useful contacts and experience have come to him as British representative of any number of inter- national labor conferences abroad. He knows the British dominions, too; has toured 34,000 miles in Australia and vis- | ited the United States (and been pro- hibited from lecturing to a Connecticut luncheon club). Russia and disarmament have been bis chief preoccupations at the for- office. Thankless and awkward both. British Labor viewed the owing out of the Soviet's diplomatic representatives (following the uxfn of not get a tourist through | ha d | cede security guaran! French cannot see security otherwise than in a Europe frozen forever in the | Versailles pattern, and the chance of Prance and Italy coming to a real po- litical agreement is so slender that it is difficult to see even under a micro- scope. But if once they can be forced or persuaded to reduce their arma- ments they will not be so ready as they might otherwise be to fly at one an- other’s throats, and a welcome sense of relief will be felt all over Europe. Disarmament Only Safeguard. If—and if not? War again, says Henderson. The treaty of general dis- armament is your only safeguard, he asserts,. He has drawn dreadful pic- tures of the next war, when air attacks and poison gas will be pushed to their extreme uses and armies and navies will afford less protection to the civilian war. “The horrors of air at'acks in the last war,” he warns, “will be a pale shadow of the insane triumph of death in the most lurid agonizing form science has made possible to inflict upon a non- combatant population.” His school of foreign policy is based upon the realization that for Britain the old policy of “splendid isolation” The scientist and War is no longer left to and & tary caste. ns are now inevitably in brutal wars of extermina- . In this frightful state of human affairs at once the proper as well as the safest course for Britain to pursue of Nations, calling for interna'ional co- | operation t> restrict nationa’ arma- | ments and stop armaments comnetition, |the corrcrstcns of British policy. THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C, JANUARY 4, 1931—PART TWO. Where Is America Going? Dr. Arthur D. Little Thinks Science Will Solve Technological Unemployment. BY J. P. GLASS. HIS article will present some of the thoughts of a distinguished chemical en- gineer on the relation of laboratory re- search to the future. Not the relationship which, by the ap- plication of scientific ciples, makes life even more luxurious and colorful, but the relationship which is concerned with creating for all men opportunity for constructive work. Crudely stated, jobs. ‘The engineer is Dr. Arthur D. Little, who, on January 9, at New York, will receive from the five great chemical societies the highest honor they bestow, the Perkin Medal for outstanding accomplishment in the realm of chemistry. His viewpoints command the interest of the interviewer for two reasons: First, chemistry, because of its service to agri- culture, metallurgy, manufacture and business generally, is today perm?s the greatest creator of real wealth in the world. Second, Dr. Little brings to his reasoning the conclusions of a varied genius. As a ch engineer he has made important contributions to his country’s industria! development. As or- ganizer and director of his great laboratories at Cambridge, Mass., he has displayed the qualities of real business leadership. As founder of the School of Chemical Engineering e of Massachusetts Institute of Technology, the first in the world, he bas contributed importantly to education. Finally, through the presidency of the Society of Chemical Industry, the American Chemical Society, and the American Institute of Chemical Engineers, and in other roles, he has performed valuable civic functions. “Disregarding the relation of science to all the other facts of existence” says Dr. Little, “every one should bear in mind its significance as the most prolific creator of new jobs. “Our prosperity during the period which pre- ceded the present recession was ‘due largely to the great demand for labor and material created by new industries that came into being as a re- sult of scientific research. One of the greatest arguments for research is our present need for new industries that will compensate for tech- nological, or machine-made, unemployment. The whole problem of employment, as time goes on, will become—in one way or another—a problem of the laboratory worker. “Improvements in industrial methods must re- sult from the circumstances that while our population increases our supplies of basic raw materials decrease, and at the same ‘time we meet more and more stringent world competition in trade. We shall have to eliminate wastes and make the most of our raw materials. “It is not & misstatement to say that in- dustrial progress supplies the foundation for so- cial and moral progress. Industrial progress can only be assured by the acquisition of more ~knowledge, Thus research has become a veritable DR. ARTHUR D. LITTLE. “The automobile has given work to more than 4,000,000 persons, “A tiny instrument, the telephone, enlists the labor of 400,000. “Three hundred thousand individuals are re- quired to manufacture electrical appliances. “The motion picture industry employes more than 235,000. l;':(m than 75,000 owe employment to the air- plane, “In various ways the chemical engineer has played an important role in making these in- dustries possible. He has made other contribu- tions peculiarly his own, For instance, the manufacture of rayon now engages 50,000 work- ers in this country. Wohler's preparation of calcium carbide resulted in manufacturing pro- cesses that give work to 25,000 more. These are but two examples among many. “It is not too much to say that were it not for employment provided by contributions of science we should now be grapplng with prob- lems of unemployment beside which our present anxieties would be insignificant.” & sphere,” sald Dr. Little. “The outside that sphere is eomgmed of all that we do not know. The larger the sphere of our knowledge becomes, the greater its contact with things it still must learn. “We may not develop as many new machines as in the past. But we will never finish de- veloping new processes, which means different machines, It is one reason of America’s prog- ress, by the way, that nowhere is plant scrapped 8o quickly, to be replaced by more efficient ma- chines. Research, finding means to obtain & maximum benefit from raw materials now waste- fully used, and to utilize raw materials which heretofore have been led, will create new machines, new industries, new employments. “Chemist deals with the whole material universe. T is no limit to what it may achieve.” “What, Dr. Little, is the greatest handicap encountered today by those seeking to give indus- try the benefits of the scientific knowledge?” “Too many manufacturers still resent the sug- estion that the chemist, for instance, can teach iem anything about their business. When they fail to make a profit in competition with more enlightened Germany, they rush off to get the tariff raised. They would do better to enlist the . assistance of scientific research. 'll’ll'hn offers better protection than any.tariff wall.’ “It is curious that there still persists so lary a proportion of manufacturers entangled in prob- lems for which solutions long ago were found. However, there is much to be hoped for. The industrialists who reject the aid of science are beginning to find that they are heading for ruin. The manufacturers without vision to seek its as- sistance must, by force of circumstances, grow less and less. To those who have vision science is bringing countless opportunities for construc- tive and profitabie effort. ’ “It is to the American business man in his higher stages of development that we must turn now. The things we have to do demand Nation- wide co-ordination of attack in which wise plan- ning makes the very best use of technical know- ledge and eftective and economical administra- tion. “We must provide for the business man of the kind I have suggested an authoritative and per- manent place in our governmental system. “No Congressional Committee or ephemeral organization can cope with our stupendous prob- lems. Only & permanent commission, as de- tached from partisan politics as the Supreme Court, commanding in its membership the best executive, economic and technical brains in the country, and which shall be able, in close rela- tionship with the Chief Executive and Congress, to devise and execute programs over long years, will suffice. “The scientific mind possesses qualities which can be used in government with tremendous ad- vantage to us Government should be able to make full use of science's knowledge of material facts, of natural ard economic laws, and human population than they did in the last Y is to make the covenant of the League| mother of Jobs. “Consider the importance of science and jn- vention as creators of jobs in the modern era. industry—incidentally, the mother of o century’ “Let “But can science,” I asked, “provide new in- dustries on the same scale as in the last half- us picture the sum of what we know as relationships, in the formulation of policies and the solution of problems.” (Copyright, 1981.) English Parliament is indeed rapidly becoming a family affair, what with fathers sitting next their sons or daugh- ters, and husbands joining their wives on the leather benches—while Mrs. Hen- derson, gray haired, serene, writes oc- casional articles for the papers and, as wife of the Foreign Minister, heads the womenfolk of the diplomatic corps at court and presents non-British ladies making their first curtesy to the King and Queen of England—a position which she can scarcely have foreseen in her wildest dreams when she married her 3mest and industrious young radical ears 2go. T'he capitalist system which the So- clalists denounce has enabled Arthur Henderson to give his.sons the advan- education than he ever ¢ of the Cambridge University Labor Club and secretary of the University Labor Federation, became a lecturer in industriel law and now acts as his fa- ther's private secretary. He stood close to Henry S'essor, the Labor lawyer who was made solicitor general in the first Labor gwer'mnem.dlndh 11".-5 nguhbeen oted to a judgeship, and shares mbers with 'him in the Temple. Willie Henderson took to Labor jour- nalism and is now the party’s press agent. ‘As 8 member of the privy council— the King's advisory council—Arthur Henderson, sr., is a “right honorable.” ‘Work agrees with him. He has no hob- bies and seldom takes a holiday. Yet at three years off 70 he shows no signs of flagging. And if he does not bring his party to victory at the mext elec- tion, it will not be through any fault of his, and the election alter that one is sti’l Jikely to find him in' charge of riy snehine snd maniging the with the zest of youth and the wiles of a veteran. . Suicide for Insurance Problem in France and much discus- time nmwkfiu&mo!mmmh‘ on life insurance in e:;: :l g‘xlmdc Some companies pleaded e cases business men in great dificulty Lrwma a life insurance, then commit- ting suicide to get out of an impossible life while lea their family provided for, were quite juent and should not be accepted, either from a moral or business point of view. The other side answered that it took more desperation and blind courage to commit suicide than the companies seemed to think, that those who will face it know also how to disguise their death and make it look like a real accident—as the Spanish novelist, Blasco Ibanez, showed in one of his best South American short stories—and that the fact of putting voluntarily an end to one’s life was gen- erally the sign of a crisis and mental paroxysm such as could be compared to any mortal accident. Still, the law could not be said to favor or even tol- erate an immoral e, 80 it was worded wisely and guardedly, stating basically that life insurance could not apply in case of voluntary death, but t the company would only pay the beneficiaries the total premiums already received. Then, in the casc of a clause in the insurance contract accepting cide, the bonus shall not be paid if the sujcide occurs before two years follow- ing the signing of the contract. Finally, the law ites that it is for the company to establish the proof of vol- ““"'K,‘“"h and for the beneficiary to muuuh h thet of aceident or temporary n! 2r. | Novelist Turns Priest After Thinking It Over After thinking the matter over for three months, Toko Kon, leader of & group of proletarian writers and one of the well known contemporary novelists in Japan, renounced the worldly life and came a Buddhist priest. He had de- | But if he turns out to have been un- duly optimistic in his hopes of peace rogress, his opponents cannot safely jeer at him. They have all been in the 3 d George, the Liberal of his time confer- at last to bring , but never Fore! Minister, ory ption | Sir Austen Chamberlain, not only upset the Anglo-American apple cart by ne- Sent for the Russian. When MacDonald formed a second cabinet in the Suramer . 1920 the dc- mead dut " e gotiating the celebrated Anglo-French | naval pact, but rashly declared after | Locarno in 1926 that “peace has come, [universal disarmament is near.” It was t long niter Chamberlain's pronounce- e relatively small sec- ’ation problem in. British and \;ennh‘ o;‘::: ritish and Japanese lution at cided that his outlook was too material- istic, and, against the entreaties of his -] wife and to the solemn ceremony, performed b; , per y priest of the u:?u. ‘While priests chanted the sutras, their chief, arrayed in gorgeous cere- monial robes, step] in front of the novelist, who squatted in a priestly pos- ture with his faze toward a huge image rf the Buddba, The chief priest, mut- iering prayers, then shaved the navice's je2A whi'> some of the W.ugsses wepi .penly. Eventually the writer was led | and IN LATIN AMERICA By GASTON NERVAL. T is not only in the variations of tivities, in the fickleness l vertising or in the latest dance steps that the Latin Americans fol- low the tracks of Uncle Sam. They are follow] them today in the solution of one of outstanding economic prob- lems. No e to the rule, the Latin American countries are suffering these days from a serious econ: crisis, one of the main characteristics of which is a general business depression resulting in the alarming problem of unemploy- ment. Although not on the same scale in which it has developed in more in- dustrialized countries, the unemploy- ment situation has also appeared in certain of the southern republics with menacing proportions. Naturally, those countries which are more economically developed in the southern continent are the ones con- !ronnnfun graver crisls. Their chief iz;dmx , undergoing of out of their of unemployed is constantl with the continuance of slow business conditions. This is further enhanced by that gro stream of men coming from the country, the farms and the little villages to the big cities, which is characteristic—and unavoidable—in in- dustrialized nations. entina and Brazil, the two largest t developed Latin Americon re- publics, find themrelves in this em- barrassing situation. One very much similar to that Uncle Sam awoke in, all of a sudden, after the historical New York market crash, and has ever since been trying to rid himself of. The nature of their unemployment problem being the same, it is not sur- &nrmng that the Argentine and Brazil- governments are now adopting the same measures recently undertaken by the Washington administration in. an l-mmpt to solve the problem df the job- ess. One of the outstanding items of President Hoover’s program for unem- ployment relief was the appropriation of considerable sums of money for the construction of highways and public buildings. which would provide work for thousands of men in the United States. A press dispatch from Buenos Aires now announces that the Argentine govern- ment is launching a huge scheme of highway construction for identical pur- poses. Thousands of unemploy gentines will find temporary work on the highways to be constructed under government supervision. Another remedy au,gested here was the halting of foreign immigration, which was said to be an important fac- tor in taking jobs away from native workingmen. In fact, this argument was decided to be so well founded that the proposal for closing the doors to out- side immigration for a period of two years was favorably discussed by Con- gress, not long ago, in one of its early sessions. Almost on the heels of this step the new Brazillan administration is now adopting similar provisions, The cable announces that bor Minister Collor has secured from the government authorization to restrict foreign immi- gration for a minimum period of onc year in order “to alleviate the situation of numberless men out of jobs in the prxm:;:l cities of the country.” As was case with the United States measures, those of the ment are ’rl:ll? certain ¢ Portugal, W, Plfl!fllhfly affected, but carried out just the same, so Minister Collor declares. Argentines and Brazilians are thus closely following in the footsteps of Uncle Sam in the solution of their un- employment problem. I would not even b: surprised if “unemployed apples” are already being sold in the sunny of Buenos Alres and Rio de countries, espe- nationals are they will be st Janeiro. A Two-edged Sword. Not long ago President Ortiz Rubio of Mexico was given authorization by Congress to raise the tariff duties on certain foreign articles entering Mexican borders. In accordance with such reso- t,|lution the Mexican Congress has just submitted to President Ortiz Rubio & |behal. list of raw materials and manufactured | Latin g:odum which in their opinion s included under the = protectionist policy of that government. ‘The Mexican legislators claim that such measures are necessary for the protection end benefit of the national industries, particularly so at this time of economic depression in the country. High tariffs, they say, will help to re- lieve the critical industrial situation in Mexico and condi , in the methods of ad- | ed “Ar- | P Hawley-Smoot tariff act, last year, in | this country. ‘Whether this attitude of the Mexican government is to be taken as retalia- tion againsi, the highly protectionist tarift last year by Uncle Sam, or whether it has been really made im- miuve by hard times is something t remains yet to be seen. Probably it is both. At any rate, in this case, too, the Mexican statesmen are only following the example of Uncle Sam, and whether they will succeed at it or not, they have a good excuse with which to answer the protests of the foreign countries af- fected by their tariff changes. American newspapers are already ccmmenting .with apprehension upon this “alarming revision of the Mexican tariff,” the effects of which will prob- ably be first felt By export concerns and farmers in this country. Some of them remember that they had warned that protectionist arguments were dangerous two-edged swords to play with. Approaching Democracy. Just as other Latin American na- tions have in 1930 Idorted a trend toward revolutionary reform, ousting autocratic governments, and taking drastic steps to establish more liberal ones, the Republic of Colombia has been giving, during tie iast few months, | examples of a rare democratic spirit. Instead of revolution, she seems to have chosen the orderly and peaceful road of | methodic evolution to attain a higher | political development. Repeatedly, in this same column, we have had occasion to comment upon these Colombian approaches to more democratic ideals. The first of these was the legal and peaceful election of the opposition's candidate for the 'y, and the most recent the re- uest of the officers of the Colombian that they be clenied the right to vobe or to intervene in any way in the course of domestic politics in the coun- try. In a year which saw the downfall of six Latin American governments at the hands of military leaders, this al- truistic attitude of the Colombian Army, only a few weeks ago, caused wide- spread applause throughout the world. ‘oday a new provision of the Colom- blan Congress again places that pro- gressive South American republic in the limelight. The Bogota Senate has assed a law forbidding - the depart- mental legislatures, or assemblies, as they are called there, to run for the Senate while still holding down jobs as state deputies. Heretofore members of the Colombian Senate have been elected by indirect vote of the state or depart- mental legislatures, the deputies nam- ing the members of the electoral col- lege, who in turn chose and elected candidates for the national senate. 8o far, as a press dispatch from Bogota reports, the plan had worked out all right for the state solons, who in nearly every election appointed thetr own supporters to the electoral college and were then themselvs nominatd tb the senate by their own appointees. Outside aspirants to a senatorial toga had seldom been given a chance. | _The new Colombian law, however, in {the words of a Bogota correspondent, | has thrown a monkey wrench into the ambitions of state legislators with one eye on their present posts and the other on the national senate. Which scores, we may add, another point in the Colombian race for democracy. Out of Politics. On the eve of congressional elections in Colombia, President Olaya Herrera gives a further example of democratic spirit by iss orders to all depart- mental authorities, instructing them to obgerve the strictest impartiality and to accord full and equal guaranties' to all contending candidates. ‘This attitude, unusual jn Latin Amer- ican politics, gives new assurance to the impression that the Colombian admin- istration is firm in its purpose of pre- serving the soundness of its political institutions. Until now, in Colombia as well as in most Latin American repub- lics, it was not onmly customary, but almost unavoidable, that the men in power should lend full aid to the can- didates of their own. party, the weight of government support on their . And government suj in America means considerably more than a few ticular candidat Here in the government for any given candidate is only expressed by a public statement froin the Presi .ent, or a political speech by o government official. But Latin American governments not infrequently used national funds, the local police the administration’s civil em- and all the resources partiality—many a time the armed revolts in the southern conti- nent—which gives unusual to President Olaya’s gesture. A few days ago the Colombian executive went 8o far as to suspend one of his closest political friends, Senor Lozano, from the governorship of one of the depart- ments of the republic for his outspoken sugepon of certain candidates of the Liberal party in power. Had other Latin American executives kept in mind the same sound demo- cratic practices, perhaps some of the latest revolutions down on the other side of the Rio Grande would never have started. The universal custom of exchanging Christmas and New Year greetings gave opportunity last week to appreciate the tremendous development of wireless and postal communications between the United States and the Latin American countries. By radio, cable, wireless telephone, airmail and regular mail cordial mes- sages of good will were exchanged among friends at both extremes of the hemisphere. The cable company had special rates for New Year greetings to and from all Latin American countries. all was overwhelmed with letters and postal cards of salutation. The radio telephone service to Buenos Aires, Rio, Santiago, Montevideo, Mexico City and Havana also announced a special rate for New Year calls fo these most im) it Latin American capitals. ineteen thirty has been mlt.n.lndin! among recent rs in the development of inter-Ame means of communi- cation. In the short period of 12 months air and radio communications between North and South America have made extraordinary gains. A complete aerial network, the longest in the world, circles the whole ccntinent and has shortened distances frem days and weeks to hours. Radio unites practically all the princi- pal capitals of the New World, and the most populous of them are in direct telephonic communication with the wor'gllnmluc!omw- nition of the internal the Unfon the preference of | books cities of the United States. agement that the pan-American cause ymur have at the beginning of a new (Copyright, 1931.) Hawaii Continues Republican Bulwark While most of the States recordedl Democratic gains, Hawali’s territorial election showed that this “Western out- post” continues to be a bulwark of Re- publicanism. Both the legislative and city and county elections on November 4 put into office an overwhelming ma- Jority of Republicans. Of the fifteen members of the Senate only one is a Democrat, Willlam H. Heen of Osahu, site of the capital city of Honolulu. Of the thirty members of the lower house two only are Democrats, both of them also being from Oahu. In Honolulu itself the Democratic mayor has been defeated and a Republican elected, and Republican gains were made elsewhere in the city elections here and the county elections on other islands. Honolulu is the only incor- porated city. Curiously enough, though the Democrats sustained a severe de- feat, their vote ran higher than expect- ed and, in fact, for many positions it was remarkably close to the vote given Republican winners. Delegate Victor 8. K. Houston was re-elected to Congress, where he is Hawali's only representa- tive, but his Democratic opponent, L. L. McCandless, gave him a rather close race. Hawail’s dependency on the s to of Tory i ehmiesily Bopablicnn. Ot Tac [4 n| ly . = freq\xmcg have Dom:cunu gained con- trol of city government here and only once in thirty has a Democrat been elected to gress. Text Book Piracy Hits Americans in China ‘The piracy of American technical books is the latest contribution to retail trade depression. The proprietor of the ?hlz meflcm book shop in Shang! ice e, minimum of 50 copies is ordered. His process resembles lith- ography without its tremendous compli- cations. He is able to produce and machine hai, | Does any one doubt that Mr. Raski . | cratic ne ee for the omin presidency 'PREPARATION NEEDED IN BUSINESS SUCCESS Mary Dillon Declares All Young Men and Women Should Fit Selves for the Job Ahead, (Continued Prom Pirst Page.) a man seeking fectly qualified ahead of her pose that this filled; and suppose is just walled in by efficlent executives :}x}nd no one dlflh(;l‘ e nds or leaves e company—why, then, promotion is lmpollibr: You can't uflpymlrull by your bootstraps; if there is no ?por- tunity there is just no opportunity. Education Is Individual Matter. “However, on the other hand, it is Jjust as certain thst she will not be promoted if she is not ready when the opportunity comes. I think I have had some fortunate breaks, but I was ready when the breaks came. And I should say the primary reason why the company has intrusted me with its presidency is because I was president and general manager, as far as ac- quaintanceship with its problems and knowledge as to how they might be efficiently met, long before they gave me the job.” “I notice, Miss Dillon,” I remarked at this point, “that you speak a great deal of such things as training and education. May I ask what you think of college education as a_ preparation for young women for a business ca- reer?” “Well, of course,” replied Miss Dil- lon, “I can only speak for our par- ticular field of business, and I will say a great deal depends upon the particular girl. We have some college girls who do well, but with a wt many our experience has not n very encol . It is mainly a prob- lem of work its and attitudes. You see, the girl who has come out of high school and started in our plant has spent the four years learning our busi- ness, while the college girl has spent these years learning other things and leading another kind of life. pretty hard for her to come in here | and begin at the bottom in what may seem to her very simple operations and perhaps be compelled to take in- structions from a girl who has never been to college. So many of them want to step into an executive position at once, but this is impossible. if they have the patience, hu- mility and good sense and come in with the right spirit toward the work, and are to go_through the many what may seem drul detail and do not feel superior to their jobs, but are willing to look npon them as an interesting opportunity for a life work, then I should say their college education is a help. It enables them to learn faster, and in the end in many cases to go farther. Business Considered Honest. “It seems to me that this sums up our experlence. Of course, we have 'no prejudice against the college girl as such. We only ask her to come in and be one of us, and if she comes with this spirit and a willingness to work and remembers that it is not her col diploma, but her practical ef- ficiency on the job, that means promo- nugx}:.."thenvlmlhdwunmnh “Do_you think it has been & good business world?” I inquived. “Oh, yesi® Miss “It has been course, business, for those who whose life situations work for a living, a business life is just as natural lol; lh"'olnln as the spirit of business.” “Do you think women have business more honest?” I inquire “No, I don't, simply because I don't believe there is very much in business. Dishonesty in 80 rare that it makes big scare headlines in the néwspapers. The vast mass of people, the rank and file, are honest; they just naturally want to do right, and do do right. Women are neither more honest nor dishonest, I think, than men. They both want to play square as & rule.” “Do think women make as good executives as men?” “‘Certainly, where they become ex- ecutives at all. There are five tests of any executive, whether a man or woman. You may say dividends are the sole test, but that is not true; only = s employes. Are they happy work; do they like the company, relations with each other, their relations with the public? Foresight Necessary for Executives. Ot course, & right to property to pay dit 3 depend ly on the tes ready men! L “The fifth test of ecutive is the capacity ahead. We hear a the five-year plan for successful executive his life with a five his head. Somet | ggk et EF 1Es it you are going to be must be manager. That i P no Bave 5 Bght '4Mmu for his course not have an e for of action. n{thyw allow your plan to come to an argument your plan is lost. Argum:nts are rarely won anyl 2 plan put over by %;rte of argumen! sn't a good p'an. e opposite party is of the same opinion still, whether it be a man or woman. “Summing it all up, if a n at a business career in it that I have trizd to d goes into i wants g i - H -3 = e 7t E3s8 : i - - : i 8 2 thing for women and a good for business that women have ent the | _(Continued Prom Third Page) no such optimistic prophet. For he |ana&e by observation—in contradiction very juman perception. But it means, for all practical pur- poses, th-_ (h> density of matter in the universe is becoming less and less all the time at a constant rate and some day will be so thinly distributed through infinite space that it will hardly exist as matter at all. Dr. Shaplsy com- pared to space-time continuum to a rubber ball that can be blown up in- finitely without “flm_'“d that, he says, is about what is happening to , creation. During the little life of our old earth—a merely z.nont,‘;ogo. there be nothing but a time not a s sky." * Difficult for the la; these ideas of the expan: *he space-time continuum, ing of matter into light and the re- creation of matter out of energy. The concepts . hardly can be expressed ex- cept by mathematical symbols, which have no meaning except for about ome man in a thousand. Perhaps it is of no immediate con- cern to us that billions of trillions of years hence the earth and the sun and the stars and the universes will ha been swallowed by the insatiable i time. It depends on an individual philosophy. It is all so strange and new. It departs from the old, old pat- tern of human thinking, confined to three dimensions, to the consideration of space and time as separate entities and unable to conceive of infinity. * ok % % A prophet closer to earth is Dr, Wil- liam F. Ogburn, professor of sociolo at the University of Chicago. Prof, Ogburn's ideas are in comparison, of the earth glr'.hy He mé‘m no tele- scope or microscope over the far-flun horizons of time ‘rnd space. He coz'lE centrates on man, i 1 ‘wasn’t much to be taught. vidual scholar could total of 3 was a matter of 15 to 20 man might know The entomologist's grandfather knaw 1 all about th2 an'm-1 kingdom, the ento- sects, th: entrom,' one species of insect, the entomologist's son will know all about the wings of one species of insect, the entomologist’ all about It requires the tion to make an individt life of each individual to education. alone. It will be one way for the num to save itself from becoming inextris ;:';blg !n;: in the l:oruc o!‘ spec tion, 0 doul there & ra w this direction. P - * ok ok % fi :hfld for gx{!nl - ut man only Iives about three score years, Twice as much time b e kg g ow, a few aldn’t know much—even if ‘he did Selecting 1932 Party Candidates Already Absorb (Continued From Pirst Page.) Committee and who provides much of the energy and judgment (including presumably much of the funds) with Which that committee is now d!reae% turn will def o g smlmz: much to his friend ex Enough been said. The indisputably sound, is that the be def , not as an index of the time and. the possibilities such as The nominee will be determined as the net resultant of what, if it were reduced to & diagram, would look like an engi- neer's blue print of the res taking the world for D W ing Task of Leaders' sometimes running in antagonism to each other, sometimes