Evening Star Newspaper, December 7, 1930, Page 20

FISCAL RELATIONS DATATOBEHEARD House Committee to Begin Second Week of Inquiry Tomorrow. The special committee of the House, appointed to stugy the fiscal relation- ship between the United States and District governments, will begin the second week of its fact-finding inquiry tomorrow by considering a compre- hensive report of the Bureau of Ef-| ficiency, containing the results of its nvestigation into the subject. i The findings, as outlined in the re- rorL will be explained to the commit- | ee by Thomas F. Murphy, assistant | chief of the bureau, who is to be called | as the first witness. Murphy will dis- cuss the features in the report and de- scribe how the bureau gathered the data and reached certain conclusions @s to the amount it believes the Federal Government should contribute toward the support of the District government. The committee had originally planned | to call Maj. Daniel J. Donovan, audi-| tor and budget officer of the District, as | its next witness, but decided at an executive meeting at the conclusion of | the hearing yesterday to put Murphy on the stand when the sessions are re- sumed tomorrow morning at 9:45 o'clock. | secrets of a strange, vanished racc. later, mhllczjrhxfim?msx:&g B Coted | Tocks on Walnut Isiand, near Lancaster, Pa. Dr. Donald A. Cadzow, who is head of the expedition unearthing the is shown here tracing petroglyphs on tion him after studying carefully the; testimony of Willlam P. Richards, Dis- trict tax assessor. Three Days on Stand. 'HUG E FEDERAL AID TO SCHOOLS AGE-OLD CULTURE RELICS ARE FOUND Discoveries in Pennsylvania Claimed to Be More Than 1,000 Years 0ld. BY LAURA LEE. PHILADELPHIA, December 6 (N.A. N.A).—In a little Pennsylvania com- munity a thrilling drama is being quietly revived. A drama of another people, some long forgotten, some never known, a people with dreams and ambi- tions foreign to our own. The actors in this drama are great, tall men and women who lived in Penn- sylvania before the birth of Penn, be- fore any white man had ever been seen. Some of the actors we know slightly, mostly from written records, the Sus- quehannocks and the Algonkins. And there is a third mysterious group who were probably Indians but about whom nothing is known, according to the stage manner of the all-star revival, Dr. Donald A. Cadzow, director of archeological research of the Penn- sylvania Historical Commission of the State Museum at Harrisburg. These new people, he predicts, may cause scientists to revise their opinions as to the number of centuries man has lived in the Eastern United States. Dr. Cadzow and his boys, mostly stu- dents from Pennsylvania colleges, have been working like mad since early last | t] Spring to remove as many treasures as possible and make plaster casts of the Immovable ones before they are de- 000 dam for a hydro-electric devel ment at Safe Harbor, 10 miles souf west of Lancaster, and about 78 miles west of Philadelphia. Story Chiseled in Rock. Out in the middle of the muddy, lazy Susquehanna Indien fishermen tried to tell the story of their people. At Cres- weli and Walnut Hill Island, approach- able by skidding down a steep and rugged cliff, rowing several miles in & leaky, flat-bottom boat and wading the vest of the way, you are rewarded for the hazards of the trip by a strange and mysterious sight, the story of Indian life, chiseled in the rock by hopeful his- torians. By next Summer these rocks, with the story they tell, will be covered by 40 feet cf water from the dam if they are al- lowed to remain. It is the hope of the ommission, which is under the direction of Dr. Frederick A. Godcharles, direc- tor of the Pennsylvania State Library and Museum at Harrisburg, that it wiil be able to remove the rocks and carry them to Harrisburg before they have been covered by water. Make Photographs and Casts. It is not at all certain, Dr. Cadrow pointed out, that it will be possible to remove them without damaging them completely or partly, and for this rea- son he has spent weeks making photo- graphs, plaster casts, molds and charts of the carvings on the rocks. On Big Indian Rock and Little In- Glan Rocl, several miles down the river, the story of a later Indian tribe is told. These rocks will not be removed, partly because of their size—Big Indlan is 62 feet long and 38 feet wide—and partly because the work on the dam is not ex- pected to interfere with them. No attempt has been made to preserve the pictures on the rocks, and time and erosion are gradually obliterating them. Dr. Cadzow has covered the stones with a preservative in the hope of saving hem. He also photographed them very carefully, painting some of the faintest with water colors, that they might show in a picture, and he has made scores of cop- e » These un';';‘ljl'h mcbm Harrisburg Mu- seum. Three Distinct Periods. Three types of Indian writing belong- ing to three se, te periods were found. The first consisted of conventional sym- bols, which might have been mistaken for Chinese writing. These Dr. Cad- m;m credits with being of prehistoric origin. The second type was slightly less con- venfional, with circles and decorative hieroglyphics and a few crude animals. In the third, figures playing the most prominent part in the stories are the legendary Algonkin Thunder Bird, who carried a lake on his shoulders and dur- ing a storm passed over the country, spilling a little lake, flashing his eyes of lightning and making thunder by flut- tering his wings; Lox, with an arrow in his mouth, the god who protected the Algonkins; a hunter, one of whose arms was a bow and arrow and the other a dog; bear feet and turkey tracks, and many snakes. Dr. Cadzow became 80 much interested in the petroglyphs and the periods they represented that he was determined to find out more about these peoples. This led to excavations on the mainland in Lancaster County, particularly at Wash- ington Borough. ““There's enough here,” said Dr. Cad- zow, who has already unearthed thou- cards of relics, “to keep us digging for 10 years. Nothing of this sort has ever been done before in Pennsylvania, though such excavations have been made in almost every other State of the Union. Historians Against Wall. “Pennsylvania has the finest historians in the country, but they can go back only so far, then they are up against a blank wall. That is why they have called on us to do the work of pre- historic detectives. “Vast sums have been spent on exca- vations in Egypt and Mexico, and here is all this remarkable wealth of an- tiquity right at our doorstep and it is cent has already been ruined by indus- trial expansion. 3 money for this work was concern. ‘They Pennsylvania Mu- f . the relics Dr. Mm: dates rom to 500 years ago, some, belonging to “the new culture,” 1,000 or more years ago. In & crude wooden shack the archeol- ogist and his ank men have been working day and night (they have dis- continued excavations at present because of cold weather) plecing ther and preserving the treasures they have found and making moulds of the rock carvings. They have had little time to decipher the writings or study the relics closely. This they will do when their findings kave all been sent to Harrisburg, which will be within & few weeks. Skeletons Reveal Torture. . Peeps into the habits of these early people have been afforded by unearth- ing a number of Indian skeletons. There was a woman who had been tortured, her arm cut off and placed between her knees and her knee caps sliced off. Other skeletons, because of their dif- ferent proportions, Dr. Cadzow places as the new race. “We hated to stop work now, just when we have found so many evidences of this new culture,” he said, “but we will start in again in the Spring. Some of the objects we found no more than a foot under ground; others we had to dig 6 feet for.” Among the prize relics are a string' of beads made of 200 elks’ teeth, carefully chosen and strung on a bit of twisted skin, combs made of bone with beau- tifully carved figures—these were ap- rluntly worn by men as well as women, or some were found thrust in the gir- dles of hunurszflpu of all descrip- tions and hundreds of clay pots, some very crude, others with handsome deco- rations of animal heads or strange sym- bols. Some of Traces Development of Pipe. Dr. Cadzow has been able to trace meant as a child's toy, to a great hand- some vessel, 26 inches high and 4 inches in circumference. Some were found whole, others in as many as 60 pleces, Through the taking work of three young men, mmun and Eu- gene Gardner of the Pennsylvania Mu- seum, and Samuel Pennypacker of Ger- mantown, Philadelphia, a student at Haverford College, the pots are pleced together and restored. In some of the later burials evidence of the first white traders was found—a rusty sword, apparently of French orl- gin, colored glass beads which were so much coveted by the Indians, and re- mains of copper vessels. One copper pot told a tale of & care. less cook—perhaps the baby was perhaps an attack by the flerce —at any rate the cook left her pot of beans in a terrible hurry and they char- red a deep black. The copper salts of the pan have preserved them these hun- dreds of years, Described as Giants. The Algonkins were described by Capt. John Smith, when he explored the Bus- quehanna River in 1608, as “such giants and well-| tioned men as are seldom scen.” e recent excavations which bave unearthed skeletons measuring well over 6 feet proved the tales this ex- plorer told were not fantastic, as some Eistorians belleved. In 1663 the Susquehannocks were set upon by the Iroquols Conferedacy of the Five Nations of New York, supported by the French. The war ended in 1675 Busque- with complete overthrow of the Lannocks. The few who remained re- treated to Maryland and i Mr. Richards completed his testimony itroyed by the construction of a $35,000, yesterday after spending nearly three . OF STATES SHOWN IN BULLETIN mittee also plans to recall him later | i e e e 'Facts Cited in Response to Representative ’.I’l&k&fln;fi are l}’\fll the hearings will continue for at least another week s # S emintine St ot s | Simmons on Issue of Help Given District System. plaster ts ,which he calls “finger being rapldly destroye Twenty per R R e I I BRI SR N R S S R B R B R g 'MONARCH RADIO SHOP 18th and L Sts. 18th and Columbia Rd. ;c]&;zlfl:umry?“i?‘yv States and the North 0790 2 STORES COlumbia 2900 the Federal Government for common - — A TIMELY CHRISTMAS OFFER . A Full Sized Radio—Has All Features acres, while California got 5,534,203 Powerful Dynamic Speaker—Super Screen Grid Alternating or Direct Current Stewart Warner Radio gregate of 2,167,154.42 acres for uni- WEEKLY BUYS IT both the development, of the fipe, from organizations will be given an oppor- tunity to present their views.' Chair man Mapes sald he desired that every individual or group interested in the | subject of fiscal relations to appear be- fore the committee. The attendance at the hearings thus far, however, has been small, and ap- The Federal Government has been contributing continuously to public edu- cation in the various States since the days of the Continental Congress, ac- cording to data compiled by the office of education of the Interior Depart- ment. This admission of its “obligation” to the State school sysfems is traced in at least two Interior D:partment bulletins which are cited in response to Repre- sentative Simmons’ assertions before the | House Subcommittee on Fiscal Rela- tions betwezen the United States and the District of Columbia. Mr. Simmons | of Nebraska, told the subcommittee Wednesday that he never has been able to see where ther: was any obligation on the part of the United States to con- tribute to the District public school system, The United States Government, how- ever, has contributed nearly 115,000,000 acres of its land to provide subsidies rsor the public school systems of various tates. $65,000,000 Contributed. ‘The United States Government has contributed, through 1930, $65,000,000 for vocational education in the school systems of the various States under t};e@fioflxlom of the Smith-Hughes act of 7 The United States Government has contributed through 1930 $73,145,872 for co-operative agricultural and home economics extension work under the Smith-Lever act of 1914, and the Capper-Ketcham act of 1928. The United States Government has appropriated, through June, 1930, $74,- 202,000 for colleges of agriculture and mechanical arts in the varioup States and Territories under the second Mor- rill act of 1890 and the Nelson amend- ment of 1907. And the United States Government has appropriated, through 1929, $52,- 077,914.65 for agricultural experiment | stations in the various States and Ter- | ritories. ordinances, prevailed in similar form in most of the congressional acts admit- Lgxg s‘;-m to the Union, Dr. Keesecker showed. tee which arranged tQ use the comm dious District Commitfée room in ant cipation of a large audience. As a re sult, the committee has decided to sbandon the District Committee room and complete the hearings in a smaller office in room 293 of the House Office ding. The first four days of the hearings produced a mass of data bearing on sources of District revenues and nditures, property valuations and r information with which the com- ttee is laying the foundation for Sioal selations study. Most of this has come from Tax Assessor Richards. | Question of Taxation. ‘The gist of Mr. Richard’s testimony, However, has been that Washington's tax assessments are high in comparison with other cities of comparable popu- lation, and that there is in the District $646,000,000 worth of Ffl)peny which s jelding the municipality nothing in the R-m of taxes. Of this exempt prop- =11, he brought out, $500,000,000 worth Huge Grants of Land. In a series of tabular statements, Dr. Keesecker showed the division of these established school lands for various versities, eight States received 460,800 acres for seminaries of learning and nine received a total of 1,360,000 acres for normal schools. These tracts were set aside by legislation and in many of these acts it was specified that the roceeds derived from the lands shall maintained as a permanent fund, which was to be safely invested. Stmilarly, 7,830,000 acres have been set aside in the States for colleges of agriculture and mechanic arts, agri- . cultural experimental stations and co- operative extension work. Other land grants for education in the States in- cluded 430,000 acres for industrial and reform schools, 980,000 acres for “other educational and charitable purposes, 682,508.65 acres for deafl and dumb and blind asylums, 251,280 acres for mili- tary schools, 200,000 acres for scientific :hooh and 630,000 acres for schools of U. 8. Aid for States. In the face of recent criticism of the District's vocational education system by labor and industrial groups, the Smith-Hughes act of 1917 is particu- larly interesting. This act, Dr. Kee- secker wrote, “made provisions for Federal co-operation with the States in promoting education in agriculture, trades, home economics and industrial subjects of less than college grade to students over 14, and to assist in the training of teachers of said subjects.” One of the provisions of this act was | that “for each dollar of Federal money exp:nded in such salaries, and that ap- propriated for the training of teachers /000 worth by churches, hospitais and other institutions which are free of taxation. ‘The committee is gathering the in- formation as to the valuation placed on the Federal owned property in ‘Washington, primarily because of sug- gestions thall g,erhlm an equitable basis of fiscal relations could be worked out if the United States be taxed on its real perty holdings and contribute an additional amount toward the sup- port of the District on account of the extraordinary expenses due to the fact that Washington is the Nation's Capital. ‘The committee also is giving some thought to proposals advanced early in the hearing that the District relieve its tax burden by tapping untouched sources of revenue such as an inheri- tance or income tax. This suggestion came from Representative Simmons of Nebraska, chairman of the subcommit- tee on appropriations of the House District Committee, who accused the Are for Voling States. None of these funds provided assi ance to the District of Columbia pub school system, but were made available by the United States for the voting States and the outlying Territories, ac- District of failing to develop new of vocational subjects, the State or local -vuree: of revenus %o refieve W tex mdfl‘mwb&?‘sugm}s:‘mnm]pflhgbfl community or both shall expend an S cify‘Yo < burden for the of endeavoring | o, * o Legislation Provid Federa] | €9usl amount for the maintenance of , pe ur ()Wn to get a larger contribution from the such trai Federal Government. OLD SIOUX CITY BANKS CLOSED BY DIRECTORS Deposits in First National Institu- tion Total $7,000,000, and in | Soux National $5,000,000. the Associated Press. SIOUX OITY, lowa, December 6.— The First National Bank and the Sioux National Bank, with combined deposits of more than $12,000,000, were closed after business hours today by their direc tors. J. L. Mitchell, president of the for- mer institution, and John A. Magoun, head of the Sioux National, said frozen assets and general business conditions were responsible for the action. Signs were placed late today on the doors of the banks, which were not affiliated, saying that D. H. Reimers, national bank examiner, had taken charge. ‘The banks were two of the oldest in Sioux City. The Pirst National, with deposits of $7,000,000, was organized in 1870 and was capitalized at $1,000,000. ‘The other was 20 years younger, with & capital stock of $400,000. Confidence was expressed that both banks would be able to reorganize and reopen as soon as bank examiners had had an opportunity to inspect the as- | sets of the institutions. JAMES HAZEN HYDE WEDS | IN BRILLIANT CEREMONY | Takes Countess Matuschka as Bride | in Paris; Tardieu and Dip- lomats Present. W the Associated Press. ivzns.uujs. France, December 6.— " Thus, in this leglslatio Federal Government ap- plied the 50-50 budget ratlo. Under the Smith-Hughes act, which does not apply to the District of Colum- | bia's vocational education system, the Federal Government is prepared to ap- | propriate for distribution to the States | $100,100,000 through the fiscal year | |1934. X total of $7,000,000 was appro- priated annually- for the carrying out W. Keesecker, its author, asserted that | of this act in 1926, 1927, 1928 and 1929, | “before ‘he adoption of the Constitu- [In 1930 the sum was increased to tion, the Continental Congress, by or- | §7,500,000, and increases are lulhoflzfl” dinance of May 20, 1785, for ascertain- | until 1934, when and thereafter the act | ing the mode of disposing of lands in | allows the aj propriation of $9,500,000. | the Western Territory, prepared the way Dr. Keesecker closes his bulletin with for the advance of settlements and edu- exceprts from statements by eminent cation as contemporaneous interests.” | educators and legislators on education While that early ordinance did and the “obligation” which the United mention the “manner of establishment | States Government bears toward its as- of public schools thereunder, or by sistance. One of these is a statement | whom,” Dr. Keesecker pointed out, “it | from President Harding's address to advanced and established a principle | Congress in 1922. which finally dedicated not less than one thirty-sixth part of all public lands | of the United States, with certain ex- ceptions as to minerals, etc., to the cause of education by public schools.” Lands Still Unsold. The second Intcrior Department pub- lication, bulletin No. 5, 1930, “Statistics of State School Systems,” which was prepared by Frank M. Phillips, shows that in 1928 (the most recent date for | which such data has beep compiled) FORMEAR SHERIFF DENIES there remained unsold 43,617,572 acres GUILT OF SLAYING PLOT |of these school lands. The value of | ] | this land, some of which is providing | By the Associated Press. | an income from leases, is placed in this| GREENVILLE, 8. C., December 6.— bulletin at $433,646,936. Carlos A. Rector, who with J. Harmon The table providing these figures| Moore is charged with plotting the shows that Representative Simmons’|murder of Sheriff Sam 0. Willis, took own State of Nebracka still has 1,582 - | the witness stand in his own defense 334 acres of its school lands with a |here today, denied his guilt and termed value of $19.779,172. 1In his testimony | the State’s case a “fabrication.” before the fiscal relations subcommit-| He denied he ever saw Blair Rooks, tee last Wednesday, Mr. Simmons asked | whom the State says he promised $500 specifically “Why should the people in (to kill Willis, until the colored man New York or California be called upon | came into the court room when he was to pay for Washington's school system?” | first brought to trial in January. Rooks, New York has no public lands but Cali- | in a confession made to officers and re- fornia, according to Mr. Phillips’ tabu- | peated at the trial, admitted he killed | lation, had left 800,000 mcres of the x;',ngs and swore e was hired to do 8 1 ven it by the United States, at| ector an oore. et o 1,600,000, Willis was shot to death in his ga- The unsold scheol lands retained by | fage ‘E};hfn:dgl. ‘}‘?le;lx S;gfin\:? r:g‘w v |scme of the other States and the re- | Mrs el May Willis At- | E-‘:e fi‘.nfi’p’.’ri??n o 0 x};’\ed:nog:‘ spective values of their hoiuings in- |lanta, and his deputy, Henry 8. Town- | Subsidies for Education.” In the letter of transmittal printed in this bulletin, Dr. William John Cooper, commissioner of _education, declared that “the provisions made by Congress to assist the States in promoting ed cation make up an important chaptor |in the development of education in the American Commonwealths.” In the introduction to the bulletin, Dr. Ward Down Payment FitHH R R The President said: | “I belleve in Government aid becom- ingly bestowed. . . . The Federal Gov-, | ernment has repeatedly aided education by land grants and money. No aid to any cause has ylelded a larger return. | With Pederal ald and encouragement, | the States would remedy their educa: tional weaknesses.” e R A Liberal Allowance on Your Old Radio or Victrola Complete With 8 Tubes of the Highest Standard Quality $94.75 That's the Way It’s Sold North 0790 or P hone Columbia 2200 and representative will call ntess Ella Matuschka, the Xurmer‘ Walker of Detroit, became the la - Y | Slude: Minnesota, $81,900,000; Okla- |5end, were tried and acquitted of his R A PR | homa, $6,406,339; Illinois, §39, 556,622; | murder. Rector was appointed to suc- | Colorado, $41,030,310, and Vermont, $1,- | ceed Willis as sheriffl and later was de- e feated for the office. ty. "The civil ceremony, required by nch law, was performed first st the | rsailles City Hall, and afterward a feliglous service was held at Mr. Hyde's te near the chateau of Louls XIV, = Schools Get Revenue. Another table in Mr. Phillips’ bulletin | shows that leased school lands in the United States netted their holders a total of $4.738,316 in the school year, 1927-28. The State of Nebraska's re- ceipts from school land leases for that | year totaled $394072. Tracing the legislation which estab- lished the Federal Government's “obli- gation” to education, Dr. Keesecker | points out in his bulletin that in the ordinance of July, 1787, “for the gov- ips | ernment of the Tetritory of the United States Northwest of the River Ohio,” decl k Rev. Clayton Williams of Paris | Andre Tardieu, who was overthrown @8 premier day before yesterday, was onhe of the witnesses at the civil cere- mony, which was attended by a bril- Bant gathering of diplomats and Prench officials, Following upon this ceremony Mayor Coz made a speech of congratula- recalling Mr. Hyde's contributions o m:cl:- relationshi] Repair Parts For Furnaces and Hot Water Boilers Fries, Beall & Sharp 734 10th St. N.W. 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