Evening Star Newspaper, March 30, 1930, Page 46

ANCIENT MIGRATION OF IAPAN RELATED Influence in Tongan Culture Traced by California Anthropologist. SAN PFRANCISCO (Special) —Ed- | ward W. Gifford, curator of the Unver- | sity of California Museum of Anthropol- ogy, has just completed a study of the 1 culture of the Tongan islanders, in the South Pacific, which leads him to the conclusion that ancient migrations from Japan played an important part in the development of that Polynesian civiliza- tion which dates back, perhaps, to 900 or 950. The results of Curator Gifford’s study, which has taken nine years to com- plete, have just been published in book ! form under the title, “Tongan Soclety,” by the Bernice E. Bishop Museum of Honolulu, Hawa Tonga and its out- lying islands are situated about 1,000 miles north of New Zealand. Social Organization Suggests Japan. | In the conclusion of his 350-page book, Gifford says: “The parallels in | | The Indian Adoption. BY AYES FENIMORE COOPER. 1789-1881, f ““The 8) ‘The Prair} (James Fenimore Cooper, an ‘American noveltist. author “The Last of the Mohicans,” “The Deerslayer,” etc.) A low, feeble and hollow voice was heard rising on the ear, as if it rolled from the inmost cavities of the human chest, and gathered strength and energy as it issued into the air. A solemn still- ness followed the sounds, and then the | to move. “The day of Le Balafre is near its end,” were the first words that were distinctly audible. “He is like a buffalo on whom the hair will grow no longer. He will soon be ready to leave his ledge to go in search of another that is far | from the villages of the Sioux: there- fore, what he has to say concerns not him, but those he leaves behind him. | His words are like the fruit on the tree, | | ripe and fit to be given to chiefs, “Many snows have fallen since Le Balafre has been found on the warpath, | His blood has been very hot, but it has had to cool. The Wahcondah gives him | | dreams of war no longer; he sees that | it is better to live in peace. | “My brothers, one foot is turned w, the happy hunting grounds, the other will soon follow, and then an old chief | the social organization of Tonga and the remainder of Polynesia and Micro- will be seen looking for the prints of | his father's moccasins, that he may | lips of the aged man were first seen | the THE SUNDAY THE DAILY STORY One of World Famous Works of Literature. in a way to prove that the Itud ‘which had brought him so almnmuuhe; a name had in no degree deserted “My father is very old, but he has nntfi looked upon ing,” said Hardheart, in a voice so a8 to be heard by all present. “He has never seen & buffalo change to a bat; he will never see 8 Pawnee become & Sloux!” There was a suddenness and yet & calmness in the manner of delive this decision which red most 0! auditors that it unalterable. The heart of Le Balafre, however, was yearning toward the youth, and the fondness of age was not so readily re- pulsed. Reproving the burst of ad- miration and triumph to which the boldness of the declaration and the freshened hopes of revenge had given rise, by turning his gleaming eye around the band, the veteran again addressed his adopted child as if not to be denied. “It is well,” he said. words a brave should use, that the warriors may see his heart. The day has been when the voice of Le Balafre was loudest among the lodges of the | Konsas. But the root of a white hair is wisdom. My child will show the | Tetons that he is brhve, by striking their enemies. Men of the Dahcotahs, this is my son!” ‘The Pawnee hesitated a moment, and then steppirg in front of the chief, he nesia are obvious. Beyond Oceania, | make no mistake, but be sure to come |took his bard and wrinkled hand and suggests | Tongan social organization ‘The general | that of ancient Japan. before the Master of Life by the same path that so many good Indians have | laid it with reverence on his head, as if to acknowledge the extent of his course of political development in the | already traveled. But who will follow? | obligation. Then recoiling a step, he two countries is also superficially paral- | lel, though Tonga is but a replica of Japan ruling chief, corresponding to Mikado; the Tui Kanokupolu, or sub- chief, to the Japanese Shogun. “In both countries soclety was patri- lineal—that is, traced through the | father’s side of the family; the patri- | lineal groups traced descent for many generations, sometimes back to & god, and each patrilineal group has a patron | deity; the members of the patrilineal | groups were of unequal rank. General Resemblance in Mythology. | In both countries great chiefs were buried in megalithic vaults in mounds. | Both countries were characterized by | lack of priestly rule. There are certain | general resemblances in mythology and worship; Tongan and Shinto mythology are strikingly similar in tenor. The parallels are such as to suggest the pos- sibility that the social organizations of | Polynesia, Micronesia and Japan are genetically connected. “It seems predictable that further evi- dence will reveal two streams of influ- ence into Polynesia, one from South- eastern Asia via Malaysia, the other from Japan via Micronesia; the former bearing features of the theoretical Indo- | Oceanic culture, the latter bearing fea- tures of the theoretical Indo-Oceanic culture, including the traits just enu- merated.” May Open Tombs. In spite of the fact that Tonga has been Christian for 75 years, Gifford | found that the material he collected | concerning ancient customs and beliefs did not differ materially from early rec- ords made by visitors to the p. He believes that much additional material concerning the history of the people will be obtained when permission can be obtained from the native rulers to open the tombs of the old kings. There is & splendid series of such royal tombs ex- tant, he says, which constitute the most important archeological field in Poly- nesla. Tonga is at present ruled over by a woman, Queen Charlotte, and Gifford explains that even though the past rul- ers of Tonga have ostensibly been men, their sisters have invariably been more powerful and have been known as the female kings of Tonga. Nieces Outrank King. Even the daughters of the King’s sis- ters were usually higher dignitaries than the King himself. This queer dom- inance by a man's sister extends through the lower classes as well and & man is open to domination by his sister’s children. * These children may go so far as to remove property from their uncle's home without fear of reprimand. With- in each family daughters rank higher e, satdaning, sic» tal % 3 g, Bar 3 g the lot of the men, while the women interest themselves in work requiring fineunbw,luchumnlmw-v- FOUR DEATHS BLAMED ON FAILURE TO PROVIDE; Inquest Finds Woman Killed Three Sons and Ended Own Life by Hanging. By the Associated Press. , Tenn., March 29.—Fall- ure of her husband to provide proper support caused Mrs. Dorothy Welsh, 28, to kill her three sons and commit sui- cide at D’Armond, near here, Wednes- day night, a coroner’s jury found yes- terday. Bodies of the woman's three young sons were found early Wednesday in a mfl near their log cabin home. Each been given a small amount of ether and tied in a blanket. The body of Mrs. Welsh was found hanging from a rafter in the kitchen of the home. M. C. Ellis, who acted as coroner in the investigation, said testimony showed Mrs. Welsh had been brooding over the apparent failure of her husbend to provide proper support for her. The mother and children will be buried today, with services at the Emory Church, near Harriman. o Soviet commercial organizations in Norih Manchuria are reopening (m‘ Le Balafre has no son. His oldest has | Tidden too many Pawnee horses; the | to look for a young arm on which he may lean, and to find & son, that when | he is gone his lodge may not be empty. | Tachechana, the skipping fawn of the Tetons, 18 too weak to prop a warrior | who is old. She looks before her and | not backward. Her mind is in the lodge | of her husband " The enunciation of the veteran war- | rior had been calm, but distinct and | decided. His declaration was received in silence, and though severa]l of the chiefs who were in the councils of Mah- toree turned their eyes on their leader, none presumed to oppose so aged and venerated a brave in a resolution that was strictly in conformity to the usage of the nation. The Teton himself was content to await the result with seem- ing composure, though the gleams of ferocity that played about his eye oc- casionally betrayed the nature of those feelings with which he witnessed a pro- cedure that was likely to rob him of that one of all his intended victims whom he most hated. In the meantime Le Balafre moved with a slow and painful step toward the captives. He stopped before the person of Hardheart whose faultless form uncl eye and lofty mien he contemplated with high satisfaction. Then making a gesture of authority, he waited until his order had been ol L, and the youth was released from the post and his bonds by the same blow of the knife. Wher the young warrior was led nearer to his dimmed and fail- ing sight, the examination was renewed with strictness of scrutiny. “It is gmd," the wary veteran mur- mured, when he found that all his skill in the requisites of & brave could detect Does my son speak with the tongue of a Teton?" The intelligence which lighted the eyes of the clg!tllve betrayed how well he understood the quetion, but still he was far too haughty to communicate his ideas through the medium of a lan. guage that belonged to a hostile people. Some of the surrounding warriors ex- plained to the old chief that the cap- tive was & Pawnee-Loup. “My son opened eyes on ‘waters of the wolves, " said Le Balafre, in the langu: of that nation, “but sh in the bend of the ‘river with & troubled stream.’ He was born & Pawnee, but he will die a Dah- cotah (Dakota). Look at me. Iam & sycamore that once covered many with my shadow. The leaves are fallen and the iches bran be m"«:‘r‘w}m But a single sucker 8] m my roots: it is a little vine, and it winds itself about a tree that is green. I have long looked for one fit to grow by my side. Now have I found him. Le Bala- fre is no lon,:r without a son; his name will not be 3 | | silence. .Le Bala son by the arm, and leading the very center of the circle, he stepped aside with an air of triumph in order that the spectators might approve of his choice. Mantoree betrayed no evi- dence of his intentions, but rather seemed to await a moment better suited to the craft policy of his character. The more rienced and lous chiefs ibility expe: and sagacic distinctly foresaw the utter imj of two in fame, as their prison native leader, existing amicably in the same tribe. Still the character of Le Balafre was so imposing, and the cus- tom to which he had resorted so sacred, that none dared to 1ift a voice in oppo~ sition to the measure. They watched the result with increasing interest, but with a coldness of demeanor that con- cealed the nature of their inquietude. From- this state of embarrassament the tribe was relieved by the decision of the one most interested in the success raised his person to its greatest eleva- tion, and looked upon the hostile band in this respect, the Tui Tonga, or | bones of the youngest have been gnawed | by which he was environed with an the | by Konzo dogs. Le Balafre has come | air of loftiness and disdain, as he spoke aloud in the language of the Sioux: “Hardheart has looked at himself within and without. He has thought of all he has done in the hunts and in the wars. Everywhere he is the same. There is no L‘h.lng: he is in All things a Pawnee. He has struck so many | Tetons that he could never eat in their | lodges. His arrows would fly backward; the point of his lance would be on th wrong end: their friends would weep at every whoop he gave; their enemies would laugh. Do the Tetons know a Loup? Let them look at him again. His head is painted, his arm is flesh, his heart 1s rock. When the Tetons see the sun come from the Rocky Moun- tains and move toward the land of the Palefaces, the mind of Hardheart will | soften and his spirit will become Sioux. | Hotel, will be one of the outstanding | Until that day he will live and die a Pawnee.” A yell of delight, in which admira- tion and ferocity were strangely mingled, interrupted the s er, and but too clearly announced the char- acter of his fate. The captive waited & moment for the commotion to sub- side, and turning again to Le Balafre, he continued in tones con- STAR, WASHIN purpose was “Such are the | ON, ° VETERAN TESTER LOOKS T0 SAFETY! “Red” Harrigan Would Rather Be Oldest Than Greatest Flyer. By the Associated Press. LOUIS, March 29—Of all avi- g heroes Red Harri would rather be the oldest than greatest. He has spent between 5,000 and 10,- | 000 hours in the air—Red himself isn't | exactly sure—without a serious mishap. He has piloted scores of newly manu- factured planes, worth millions of dol- lars, on baptismal flights without so much as scratching their fresh paint. Thrill in Every Flight. After nearly 14 years of mnmp\lllfinfi | every kind of ship, he still gets a from every flight and hopes his days in the air have just begun. Red, christened John J., has been flying since 1916, | when he learned to pllot seaplanes in the Navy. | _ Never has he had a part in an acel- | |.dent in which any one was killed. On | ‘the other hand, he plloted the ill-fated | dirigible Shenandoah shortly before its last journey. Likewise he planned a trip to Honolulu, only to have the flight thwarted at the last minute, about the time so many aviators lost their lives trying to cross the Pacific. Safety-first Flyer. One of the few men in the country who possess official qualifications to pilot any and all kinds of aircraft, Har- rigan is known as a “safety-first” fiyer. A ship must be airworthy before he will y fly it. | _Asked’about his philosophy of the air, Harrigan always makes the same laconic remark: “I would rather be the oldest than the greatest fiyer.” ST. ation’s | |O. E. S. Chapter Schedules J Cafd Pflfty flfld Dlnce | The spring card party and dance to | be” given by Hope Chapter, No. 30, | Order of the Eastern Star, ‘Thursday | in the ball room of the Wardman Park | social events of the season. The grand matron, Mrs. Katharine | S. Meritt, and the grand patron, Mr. | Charles C. Galloway, of the Grand | icmmr of the Order of the Eastern | Star of the District of Columbia and | the associate grand patron, Mr. Theo- dore Lewis; the grand conductress, Miss | Edith Williams, and the associate grand | conductress, Mrs. Elizabeth Plitt, will D. C, MARCH 30, 1ysu—ran!l ‘tonck, Card Party to Benefit e Episcopal Church Home|Co: afternoon at 2:30 o'clock, April 24, board of managers of the Episcopal Church Home will give a card at the Willard Hotel for the bene- the home. entopy. “conducied by he. Epacopal 3 c e 00} Church in this diocese, which extends beyond the limits of the District of Co- Lecture Under Auspices Of Kenmore Associstion fit of Thi Lengthened skirts now make SHOES doubly important in the Easter Costume More than ever, your shoes will “make or break” a perfect ensem- ble. They must directly contrast—or be trimmed with an accent color in the costume. Selecting the correct footwear, therefore, now becomes your first task in Easter “ensembling.” ciliating and kind, as if he felt the pro- | be the guests of honor of the associate priety of softening his refusal in a grand matron, Mrs. Amy C. Hollander. manner not to wound the pride of one | An invitation is extended to all mem- willing to be his benefactor. “Let my father lean heavier on the fawn of Dahcotahs,” he said: “she is weak now, but as her lodge fills with young she will be stronger. See,” he added, directing the eyes of the other to the earnest ‘countenance of the at- tentive trapper, “Hardheart is not with- out a grayhead to show him the path to the blessed prairies. If he ever has another father, it shall be that just no blemish; “this is & leaping panther, | warrior. Le Balafre turned away in disap- pointment from the youth, and ap- proached the stranger who had thus anticipated his design. —_— Ice cream was introduced by a Phil- adelphia caterer in 1800, but it was not until 1851 that the first wholesale ice cream business was started in Balti- more, Ne: ‘When you you are Guaranteed first quality and & value that outstrips competition. Pre-Easter Sale— A Small Deposit Reserves Any Selection ¥m. 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