Evening Star Newspaper, March 30, 1930, Page 34

i (Continued Prom First Page) ing 50,000,000 boxes of tin plate lence, I know ho . | time of depression was: “Cut loyment before an- er time ol "tllci work” came .1on| ve seen children of honest, in mea le, undernourished bw.n girls without shoes or warm eloth- picking up coal along railroad keep a fire in the stove at have some knowledge of in the cities, the before with possible hel] t«lt 1‘-‘ tions elp wan! ads, tramping the streets day after day— and unable to get work. ‘These I saw, knew, and ex- prmecd in my boyhood and youth. business depression of 1007, ‘when thnn who were fortunate enough to have work often were paid in “gorip"—which storekeepers were glad %o accept. Then came the depression 1921, when between 5,000,000 and 6,000,000 men and women were out of work. In the present unemployment situa- what has the Government done, what is it doing, to meet conditions? To answer that question properly it - first to determine what oonditions it is we are trying to better, and the causes of these conditions. Tdleness Not So Extensive. In the first place, it can be said that the extent of unemployment now is not nearly 8o great as it was in 1921. In the second place, it can be said | Just as confidently that the employment nltu'::on has improved since the first year. In the third place, it can be said, on the basis of ywn _conditions and expect "greatls increasnd empioymmenst | o greatly incres employment mmm within the next few months. m'“"'m‘.': n optimicm alone. They on 0] ne. ey eonservative, well considered state- mu founded on definite knowledge of facts. The administration at Washington has been accused of “whistling to keep its courage up while passing through the un: &Wyment graveyard.” 1 want to meet that accusation with facts. ‘The first point I want to make is that we do have facts to back up our opinions. For nearly 15 years the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the De- t of Labor has been obtaining res every month showing employ- ment in the principal manufacturing industries thoroughout the Nation. From 34,000 factories and plants we regularly collect information as to the number on the pay rolls and the wages id. In addition, we have access to e labor reports made by the railroads ¢ the Interstate Commerce Commis- sion, covering more than 1,700,000 em- Furthermore, we have reports of States which make careful surveys of employment eonditions within theu- boundaries, and whose factory g;an g i farmers in a 168 | Those Not Over 'x.m.m Idle. ‘The result is that we know unem- t now is less than one-half of ‘which me during the two it depressions. The ,000 or 46,000,000 people mms for themselves or others have suffered some decrease, un- tics demonstrate that our md“an solid lll(:", and exact number, down to ) e census for the first time we shall obtain a com- ummum of the unemplo; be helpful in the future th the problem of the Twenty years ago, Carroll D. Wright, eminent statistician, stated that we always had 1,000,000 unempleyed in country, ren less of the times. figures have been accepted by statisticians since then ae u::unu To Readline the fact that 1,000,000 men are out of work” is mmmg Yet a committtee of the Federated American lqgmeerm Socletlea reported in 1921: In the years, even the phe- nomenal ;'nn of 1917 and 1918 at the elimax war-time industrial activi- ties, when plants were working to ca- mcuy and when unemployment reached lowest point in 20 years, there was & margin of unemployment amounting 0 more than a million men. This mar- gin i fairly permanent: seemingly one OF more wage earners out of every 40 are always out of work.” Problem Is World-Wide. All over the world nations large and small have been engaged with the same From Iuly 85 this is writ- comes a dispatch headed “Winter » Lun;.ea for, ltaly's fobless. ~List of unemployed growing,” In Great Britain early in February 1,508,000 were listed as unemployed; 17,000 more than & week previous and 140,000 more than year preceding. Under date of March 7 the number of German jobless Wwas given in press dispatches at 2,300,- 000. From Spain, from Argentina, from Aulu‘llll' from Brazil, from British Malaya, from India, China, Japan and the Netherland East Indies, come re- ports through our Departement of Com- mercé that business generally is below normal and unemployment above nor- nu. The whole world, then, is in one of those valleys of its economic ex- | ce, largely unexplainable, but sure | :ybe cceeded by & “peak of prosper- In our own country there are both favorable and unfavorable factors to be oonsidered in making predictions as to when business and unemplozv ment will reach a high level again. ‘e cannot close our eyes to either if we want to g:lldrmlne accurately what the future The ehn e for the worse came sud- ‘Inll chber following the bwck et crash. In September employ- ment was at a peak for 1929; in Oc it declined, and there were more de- clines in the two months following. A lu& number of our people had been drawing savings deposits for stock market activities. For the first time years savings deposits decreased in 1820. So did the number of such de- rulwn Before that savings d%u ts had increased an average of $1 000,000 & year for the six years ended in June 1928. The increase in that ;tlf as more than two and one-third lflhl 01 dollars. But in 1929, be- stock market broke, savings mfiu actually went down nearly ‘When lhnullndl of “savings deposit speculators” were what might be term- od deflated m October 10 , they very naturally and necessarily began to economize. Merchants were the first to feel the decline in buying, then the Wholesalers, then manufasturers. “Ordinarily all over the country fac- tories would have been closed forth- with, wages reduced, building projects abandoned. I know from my early ex- ce as an iron mill worker that the thought of the employers at a e wages; of the plant.” I re- at the ume of the 1893 depression wages for iron puddlers werée form $5.76 & ton to $3.25. Therel wu no benefit w any one from that! course of procedure; only harm. The men had less to spend; buying of iron products was not increased: On the oLher hand, there was less buying power among the mass of workers and actually lets dem-nd for goods than before. It was just to forestall such a con- dition that President Hoover called conferences of industrial, public util- hy.l r-;lnfi;?n and labor )e eu ur scale bul e and publie, :ex? nnlt.elg‘ lcheduled. promises were made, whic! generally fulfilled, not to dl!tlll‘b llhl)r conditions by wage cuts or Wi de- mands. The beneficial effect dent from a comparison with tions in 1921. The commissiotier of 1;- bor statistics has said, on the basis of compiled information, that more than 5,000,000 men and women were unem- ployed in United Stotes in 1921. One of the present unfavorable fac- tors reported by labor s that we still permit many thousands of immigrants to enter without quota restrictions to compete for jobs with our unemployed. Under the contract labor law, immi- grants cannot enter into contract for work before eéntering the counttry un- less it is approved by the Secretary of Labor, hence immigrants come in with- out restriction as to the need of their services. In October alone there were 26,740 tmmigrants entering the United States to compete for jobs with our own citizens in need of work. I talk- ed with a man from a foreign land recently who was out of work and couldn’t find a job. It is a pitiful sight to see a man in a strange land among strangers trying to find work that can- not be found. He tramps the streets all day: and at the end of the day withdraws from the crowd with a sad heart into a night of loneliness. Still_another unfavorable factor has been the uncertainty in business creat- by delay in tariff revision. Mer- chants, jobbers, manufacturers, all alike hesitate to buy or produce until they know definitely what foreign compe- tition there may be. Labor-Saving Machinery. Probably even more important as & cause af unemployment, temporarily at Jeast, is the widespread installation of labor-saving machinery. We have looms for the manufacture of cotton goods which are so nearly automatic in_their operation that one weaver can operate & score of them. With a quarter of a mil- lion less men, the railroads haul more freight than the{‘ h‘r‘t)ld!d ‘wme yur: a Industry producin ce'not more with nearly 1,000,000 Fe workers. A single example will suffice. In a factory making sewing machine needles, a girl formerly employed i de- tect defective needles could inspect 3,000 an hour. Now a machine enables her to_inspect 27,000 needles an hour. In other words, the machine enables one rl to do the work of nine girls—a ht girls lose their jobs. uch are the unfavorable factors in the employment situation. The fi close down member (-M avor- able factors more than outweigh them— as is proved by the fact that tens of thousands of wage earners have 1e- turned to work during the last few ‘weeks. On of the things that will create more work in the cities is the ajd be- ing extended to our millions of farmers. The Federal Farm Board and other Qovernment agencies are putting the position to make profits. profits will be spent for clothing, radios, automobiles, books, sewing hines, farm implements and the usand and one things that keep men busy in city factories and workshops. Equally important, the men who now manage industries generally understand that high w breed p: mfeflty The o6ld policy of giving labor as little as pos- sible has given way, quite generally, licy of p-ying as much as possi ble A iberal or saving wage fesults in addi- tional purchases wage earners; re- sult, more prosperity all around. For industry did not take ad- vantage unmlly of the chance to "sllee‘ As this is w-mun the tariff debate is about to end, and the present uncer- nlnty in many industries should termi- nate within a month or two. The re- sult will be resumption either of normal operltlm or the ing of greatly production, with need for Lhauunda of additional workers. Construction Under Way. nom all over the country come re- ports of actual commencement of con- urucwm on public works, and on build- ings, private and public. The Secretary of Commerce has announced that the construction program of the Federal Govemmem and of various civic agencies will amount to $7,000,000,f 000 By early Spring, road building will be under way throughout the country; power plants will be under construction; river and harbor improvements started, post offices and other public buildings rising from the ground and private building contracts under way. his is the great “prosperity reserve” that will e rr{ labor up out of the valley of un- empioyment. Already the Assoclated Gel 1 Contractors of America has an- nounced that buildings planned so far this year are almost double (188 per cent) of what they were a year ago Engineering _contract awards for this year, g‘m February 7, were 60 per cent more than last year. ‘The vast comtrucllonpp ly attributable to the President’s con- ferences with industrial, business and labor leaders, will furnish “relief” to the unemployed more than anything else. It is jobs, not charity, that the unem- ployed want and must have. And the bullding construction program alone is already furnishing employment to tens of thousands of additional men and women in offices, stores, cement plants, steel mills, lumber yards and scores of other industries. I am heartily in favor of more ac- curate and timely statistics relating to employment, a8 proposed in bills intro- duced in Congress, as well as a better system of public emplr}yment agencies. But it is the creation jobs that I am primarily interested in, not alone for Government statisticians or clerks, but for men and women who are paid by the hour, the day or week, or on a plece-work basis. Steps to Increase Work. Months ago the Government, under the President’s leadership, took definite, practical and effective steps to increase employment. The action then taken already has produced substantial re- sults. Even more substantial results will follow during the next few months. But something more than Govern- ment action is needed to solve the prob- lem of periodical, widespread unemploy- ment. It is a problem which must dealt with by the cities and Btates as well as the Federal Government; , more important, it must be studied and dealt with by those who own the indus- tries of America. Where the hours are long in industry they should be short- ened. This would mean more jobs in those industries. Wages in some in- dustries are below the amounts that could and should be paid, and the re- sult is & lack of buying power on part of the workers in those industries. ‘There is need for the bullding of scores of thousands of new homes in to replace old, A better and ch of and should be found. The Department of Commerce already has begun a study ot this problem, so that workers may be able to buy new homes up to the American ndard at prices thin their means. Industry can create its own reserve for times of subnormal business. It can create unemployment munnn funds and reserves of certain Kin Daniel Willard, head of & lmc ram, large- time in the history of industelal 1an L high in the government. THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON, WORKING FOR MONEY HEN | first came to New York | began de- positing every week in vings bank. It g room was dingy, the policeman menacing. The receiving teller seemed to re- depositors as a n ed a couple | drew it Having accumul of thousand doll out and took it to cial bank. Imagine my surpri when | was introduced to a vice president and treated as cor- dially as though | had been John D. himself. Picturesque Lilio Site Of Projected Resort Lilio, Laguna de Bay, in the Phil- ippines, not far away from Manila, which i & pieturesque and poetic town, being one of the spots the Spanish conquestador, Salcedo, found in flourishing existence way back in 1570, will be the site of one of the hotels of the system Gov. Gen. Dwight F. Davis has in project for the accom- modation of travelers in the Philippines. The town, located upon the summits of Mount Banihaw, which has an ele- vation of 3,000 feet above sea level, s considered an ideal site for hotels. Orumbling with age, Lillo combines the evidences of at least three distinct civ- {lisations-—~namely, Tagalog, nish and American. To the native civiliza- tion belon? the thatched bamboo cot- tages: to in, the parish church, a veritable cn.heanL municipal _ building: together with the . to America, modern school buildings, concrete roads, the waterworks, a sewer system and electric lights. The town is connected with the outside world by two excel- lent mountain roads, and by motor to Mantla it is Unl a matter of two hours’ ride. Hospital the l’nmpplnu s spontan It is in such a place as this that mu-n civilization at its best may be studied. A delicious Philippine fruit called “lan- sones,” rarely found even in other tmpic:l countries, grows here abun- dantly. One shares a gallon of these fruits with a friend, and no ill effects. Lndeed Lilio is a place which many un’u hed natives claim as hirthp ce—a place all Filipinos are proud of. Word “Taffy” Traced To Javanese “Tape” ‘The American word taffy and the British word toffee, for candy made of molasses, originate from the Javanese word for rum, tape, or tafe, distilled nd | from molasses. Very often the home- bound cal of the old-time sailing m;mmmu in the South Seas were from Ja VA, The word came to the Philippines with the Indonesian colonits from Asia that had long inhabited the mountains of Northern Luzon; these wple. how- ever, do not make rum, but ferment wine from rice and give it the Javanese name for rum. Some tribes call the wine tapuy, some tapei, both obvious variations from the original tape. Another variation is the name of the wine from sugar cane juice, basi. When the British freebooter, Capt. Anson, conveyed a prize he had taken, the silver-laden Spanish galleon Cabadonga, ‘round Luzon toward Macao, he sent ashore for water and the islanders gave his men ecoplous flrlnh of bashi that had lightning effec Retur nhlp. the men’s tongues were thick, and in explaining their con- dition to Anson they said they had been enjoying & few cups of bashi; Capt. An- son charted his channel and named it Bashi Channel, and the islands, really the Babuyan group, he called Bashi Is- ds. 8o goes, 'round the world of commerce, & bit of talfy on me tongue. Lindy’s Flight Is Told In Music by German | Quite & sensation was created by famous Otto Kiempera of the State Op- era, Berlin, when he conducted the first performance of a cantata for voice and orchestra called “Lindbergh's Flight.” ‘The words are by modernist, Bert Brecht, and the music by the equally modern composer, Kurt Weill. Pmre lers, motors and radio hum and riek through this symphonic picture o e moe'. daring accomplishment of At firflt the Berlin public smiled at the somewhat crude imitations of all the noise of technique, but then words and music alike caught one’s breath and there was a long burst of applause. The cantata depicts the eglcaden of the great flight. Lindy's flight against fog and storm, his wrestling with sleep, news broadcast by radio to skeptic Europe, ‘the sighting of the plane by fishermen and at last the big burst of his reception at Le Bour| ing tale of & thrilling de music w spur youth o path to fame. Turke-;l;;ces Clean-Up, But Kemal Exempts Self Y the glorious While the private life of the Ghazi (President Mustapha Kemal) is open to constant criticism because of his love for good strong liquor and champagne, he has now taken steps to insure the sobriety of the common people. In the near future several sections of Stam- so0ul are to be rid of bars and the famous red-light district of the old city is to be cleaned up, according to a recent edict which has been issued. It is possible that restrictions may be placed on vice and drinking in all parts of the coun- try as soon as the public has been given a bit of education on the subject. the same time those who oppose the re- Tlme, and a great many others who are nterested in the subject for purely altruistic reasons, demand that the Ghazi set a better examFle for the pub- lie by his own personal conduct. The Ghazi’'s private mllowlng in Angora leads a taken the trouble to deny that the chief goes in for gny all-night parties on his own score, 8ince his wife was sent back to Constantinople in virtual exile, Kemal has been bitterly criticized for having a large number of “step daughters” living in the same house. Turks in general feel that if harems are to be abolished in the case of the lowly public the same rule should be made to apply to those = rallroad, and Henry N. Dennison, head of a great manufacturing business, have demonstrated in a practical how employment may be made steady, even in times of depression. They have roved, as have others, that “reserves” for the benefit of workers, so that they may continue work, are profitable for the employer. There 18 no “cure all” for the prob- lem of unemployment. We have made substantial and heartening progress in lifting from our workers the burden of the ‘business depression that came late in 1920. No nation has yet solved the problem of ending periodic, widespread unemployment. In America we shall not_solve that' problem in a day, a Wweek or a year by mere enactment of Congress. But in the White House, the Department of Labor, at the Capi- tol of the Nation and in the factories and workshops of America there will continue to study and action that eventually will urlu ueumy to the worker and security and prosperity to industie. the | The ir | was not a literal quotation.” At | sian army? gay life and no one has ever | What made such a difference between the two institutions? The answer is very simpl New York City the banks are mutual institution not conducted for profit. Evlry man in them has a but he knows that be just the he d to add to his own. In such a situation men be- and they don't care. The commercial bank, on the other hand, is frankly eut to make all it can. The more the D. C, MARCH 30, 1930—PART TWY, By officers earn for the stockholders the more they get for themselves. Threfore, they must be pleasant; they must give service; they must do whatever they can to make the accounts of their cus- tomers grow. A certain manufacturing con- cern in New England was con- ducted so conservatively that the income from its accumulated surplus was finally large enough to provide the entire dividen general attitude was, don’t like our way of doing busi- ness, you can go elsewhe We're fixed, and we (Copyright, 1930.) Standardization Is __(Continued From First Page) don dispatch to a New York newspa- per, “teplies 0 Mr. Roosevelt with an outburst of ridicule” and ‘“charac- terizes Roosevelt as whimsical, silly, headstrong and despotic.” Comment of Newspapers. At home, Roosevelt found himself un- able to .ommand some of his own ap- pointees to office. A responuhlo o cl.ll of the Treasury, having cueluuy looked up the statute crea found that he was “comptroller” ol me Treasury, and declarsd that such he would continue to be—he would not be- come ‘“controller” at Roosevelt's dicta- tion. The newspapers brought ou} all their batteries of ridicule against Roosevelt. Baltimore Sun asked, “How will he 1l his own name? Will he make it usevelt or will he get down to t fact and spell it Butt-in-sky?" Henry Watterson of the Louisville couner Jour- nal, wrote it “Rucevelt,” adding with & sly 'lnk “th> first silabel riming with here, as elnw.hno in | goose.” At the tlmu amv-u sent his order to the Public Pri Congress and the Suoreme Ooun were on vacation. The court was the first to resume sittings. ‘The Chlef Justice called the attention of the solicitor general to Roosevelt's action and stated that “in quot! the court any citation from previous decisions, the use of simplified ;pedllmg nd si- lently, but very pointedly, the court continued to have the Puhllc Printer print the court's decisions in the old spelling. Irkes Congress. It was Con however, that really raged particul -rly ‘When they assem- bled on December 3, Roosevelt sent his annual message to them in the new spelling. Promptly Congress, through a committee, called the public printer on the carpet. Congress estimated that the 113 “simplified” words in the President’s annual message had cost $760 in con- fusion of typesetters and in extra work for proofreaders. ‘“Before very long.” said Democratic Representative Oh‘mv Clark of Missouri, “the people of the United States are going to insist on having a President who will nuend mmxy to his constitutional functions.” gress was too anxious to wait for an opportumcy to legislate specifically on Roosevelt's order. They attached their rebuke to him to the first routine ap- propriation measure that eame up, in the form of a rider.” It read: “No money appropriated in this act shall be used in connection with the printing of documents * * * unless the recognized and used by generally ac- cepted dictionaries.” That by a vote of 142 yeas to 25 noes. That order by Roosevelt in 1906 was one attempt to hasten standardization that falled, sensationally. Nevertheless, the process of nund-rmuun went on. e process, in many lines, seems in- vineible. Pncnmly everybody _today accepts and uses the standards Roose- velt attempted to dictate; practically everybody now writes “labor” and “ax” d “program.” to | Benator from Missoury, same shall conform to_the orthography | Strong Factor In Lives of Amcrican People We have been \vlmnfi 80 far, to let men practice individuality in pronunci- ual pronunciation. When former Presi- dent Oool! dggeribes his hilly Ver. mont birthplace the “mount-ins,” we still think it rather eeable 4nd thnrml.n‘ If, however, Mr. Coolis had practiced the same variation npemng if he had spelled lt ount- would have said he was not flt ‘to be esident. Mr. Coolidge will turn out to be about the last President who was permitted to exercise free-will in pronunciation. We are just beginning to put the ban on individual self-determination. One could see the coming tyranny in an epi- sode of the 1928 campaign. When Gov Smith of New York said “raddio,” he he | was nearer to correct, nearer to the derivation of the word, then “raydio.” But the latter had become the standard pronunciation, and when oov Smith varied fmm it he was jeered rs from now a uctlonll or lnfllvldull variation of iunciation ically, socially, educationally. If Car- ter Glass of Virginia continues to pro- nounce his first name “Cyarter,” he | will be barred from the Senaumu any , or el continues to use an extra “a” th-t helped to make Willlam Jennings Bryan's speeches eeable, such Sena- tor will be imj ed. Nobody will be asswimming.” Standardization Growing. ‘The unhappy thing, of course, is that 10 years from now nol will want tion different from the common one. ‘We will all have become as standard- ized in our pronunciation as we already are in our spelling—and, for that mat- ter, in our clothes and our manners and our notion of what constitutes a crime. All the agreeable individual or geographical distinction in pronouncing will have been ironed out. ‘The automobile will do it—nobody staying in any one place long enough to acquire permanently the place’s twang. Even more the radio will do it. A gun&bpernn in Portland, Oreg.. or in ines, Towa, or in Atlanta, Ga, will listen oh the radio to a speaker or a singer or an actor in New York The young listener will think that the performer's pronunciation is correct and will imitate it. Standardization is hard to resist. Incidentally, about that spelling bee of Benators and Representatives and newspapermen. It was a “stunt,” a de-| liberate search for novelty, a variation | in_the current forms of amusement. But how many elderly peoxl are there in America who took in an old-fashioned spelling bee as wh-t was, |at that time, a current and familiar amusement? Senator Thomas F. Walsh of Montana is one; he took part in spelling bees as a youth in Wisconsin. ho else? And where? When did the spelling bee begin to pass out of Amer- ican life? When dld i cease to be what' | once it was, the m fliar form of Winter eneemlnmenc that we had? ;Clnldren Meet Forei Creating an interest among children in learning about children in other lands is an important part of the work to bring about better international understanding, according-to Miss Amy Heminway Jones, who charge of the international mind alcoves in 250 libraries all over the country under the direction of the Carnegie Foundation for International Peace. “If we can instill a feeling of com- radeship and love in the children for their friends in foreign lands we have laid the best basis of understanding when these children are grown,” Miss Jones said. Depict Life of Young Abroad. “There could be no better way in which to do this in America than by ?uttln( within their reach the delight- ul books now coming from the press in increasing numbers which tell Amer- fean children about children just like and mothers and brothers and sisters, are living in homes, rol.ng to school and playing in countries all over the world. Even while noting all the strange differences the children are amazed to find how much like them- selves these foreign children are.” ‘The children’s alcoves are a compar- atively new phase of the Carnegie En- dowment's work and are an outgrowth ign Young in Peace |Books That Help Cultivate Comradeship of the adult international mind al- coves, children’s international mind alcoves are collections of which are sent out from the endow- ment offices to libraries in thll com- munities in the United States. Fairy Tales Omitted. in these alcoves is that only books dealing with the actual life of children at the present time are selected. Fairy stories and historical stories have no place in the alcoves, a§ the object is to make vivid the living children of this very day, but many attractive books are to be found outside these groups. “Many librarians write to me,” Miss Jones continued, “that the shelves in the alcoves are always empty and that there are not enough books to supply the children’s demands. The ks are kept circulating to such an extent that we must have reinforced bindings to withstand the hard use. “Some of the parents who are in- terested in the adult alcoves take out the books to read to their children and K\e books also are read in the children’s our.” Fitegerald, Ga., has one of the larg- est children's reading clubs in the country, having n members, ranging in years from 4 to 14. Political Commeand What is the real strength of the Rus- Judgments vary widely. Some say that the Soviet military establishment is formidable in numbers, discipline and equipment. Others say that it 1s only a vast paper organization, incapable of making war in modern sense. In a recent article Lieut. Col. Rebout of the French Army established some facts about the size of the Red forces |and their organization. He says that, according to a rerorv. of the people’s commissary for military affairs, made in 1925, the normal number of recruits each year would be at least 1,200,000. Counting 300,000 as unfit for service, there would remain 900,000 to be in- corporated. Cost Keeps Total Down. It would require at least 135,000 pro- fessional soldiers, including officers, to instruct and organize them. The army should, therefore, consist of about 1,080,000 men, plus the non-combatant services. But Russia’s financial posi- ‘uon does not allow her to support so large an army, and the consequence is that only a small part of the contingent is incorporated each year. However, the Soviets have made pre- military preparation obligatory. This is |given in 5000 centers of instruction. The Russian army in time of peace, therefore, Consists of active service troops, ready to take the fleld, and in- struction units, which are divided into permanent cadres, and militia, called territorial units, charged with instruct- ing the young fimcrlpu and not In- cluded in the fiel Political Command Supreme. It 15 a complicated organization and its command does not make it more omogeneous. There is a pouuul com- mand, paralleling the military com- mand, and really oontromnx it. The Ppeople’s for af- Is Held Weakness Of Soviet Army, Tearing Down Strength fairs, who is at the same time president of the Revolutionary Military Council, is at the head of ail the Soviet forces. As such, he gives orders to all the vari- ous organisations and also -directly snares the policy of the army. He operates through many political Agencles—councils, secretariats and po- litical sections within the army. And this widely diffused political authority very often interferes with the normal exercise of command. It weakens the military value of the standing fleld organizations by creating conflicts and eneournlnq constant political interven- tion in the army. In this sense, the Red army is m- efficient and paralyzed for real military purposes. Impressive in numbers, it is not in a position to exert military pres- sure, as was shown only recently in the case of the demonstration along the Mpnchurian border. e e Rome’s Traffic Change Stirs Up Ire of Populace Rom¢ new traffic reform, which swept street cars from the central sec- tion of the city on New Year day and replaced them by busses, has tthm ire into hearts of the common people. Unable to sardine themselves into the crowded busses, which appear inade- quate for handling traffic, a small mob repeated the same performance at the next corner, To cap the climax, 10 bus conductors, Wwho did not like the new ticket system, staged a walkout at the end of the day, defying the government edict -nuut all nu:h actions. The &ve’mmsm is expected to ukc m'ht lrmnnry ac- tion against the will be an unforgivable solecism, polit- | by to. Nobody will attempt a pronuncis . An_ interesting fact about the books | et Bruce Barton worry.” Ultimately the company had to be reorganized. Muéh unthinking eriticism is uttered about the sordidness of “working for money.” My observation applie as well as busines organizations—are tempted T feel that they are morally su- r and are doing the world more perfect than much prefer to be served by a smiling man who is frankly working for profit. Japan to Strengthen Automotive Systems Departments of the Japanese govern« ment concerned with ,;:M .r.fiuna have decided on a new policy to be en- forced with the year beginning April, 198! is will B- the unptove- ment 6f motor highways and the aid; of the manufacturing and importing Automobilés into the empire. Japan 18 covered wm: a network of railways connecting all of the impore tant cities, it is pointed out, and the time has come start building up wilespread systems of motor transpore uu&n.u popularly used in the United The ministry of commerce and indus- try, which is behind the am, ex- pects to -Fena some uoo over & period of 10 years in builumz roads and awarding subsidies to various industries connected with automobile produetion. The pm-rectuul governments will be asked to help the government in the voad-building projects. There is now one automobile in Japan for every x bzl persons. Automobiles and parts Imported during 1928 for a total Vllll! Remodeling for Prosperity (Oontinued eom:cml suppl; househe %p ; Deflmenfin’,.“m stance, have made lt possible for the builder to spread his payments over a riod of time, thus keeping his work- % upml unlmpnlred Concerns dis- m uting heating lm rratus and nlumb- fixtures have had similar a, vmch have worked fairly satisfactorily, but lmon & very limited group of cus- Sut lpplunlly the general wbllfl “has of this new melhod with_ the. TeRult that the vast bulk of home improvement is still on & cash basis. It is not unreasonable to hope that we can accelerate the movement toward modernigation Among the millions of Americans who are living in homes built neration or more a If ordinary e of prudence are observed, the in- lmlm:n system mauld be as suceulful this field as it has been in the '.flhutlon of automobiles d\n‘IM the M 15 years, or more recently in the de- vtl ment of the radio industry. It can one either through e finance corporations or through the creation of a co-m'dlnltlnl ‘mediam which would prepare the Deceteary literature, the ad- vertising copy and do the other things necessary to let the general zuhm tnaw that this service is ready Tople for President’'s Committee. ‘The subject has receivéd considerablé attention um. the Winter from members President's business cammmeu -ho ‘were work! mt to prevent & curtallment opefations, but actually to eneo\u:g: ew construction and thus offset ). eout.rucuon materials Ilm have X~ expert study of the construction prob- lem & survey disclosed that there are no fewer t.hn 11,000,000 dwel An the country which are 20 years ol more. When we consider the '.remen- dous prof we have made in America in the last two decades in the field of home comforts, it is obvious that & t many of these homet are in need of $16,000,000, of which $14,800,000 re; resents the value of American profluea. Jaj mmufonm hpbm. rers do not upwt turn out n| mobiles, hl“ will Illm'" o -“w. usses. Ulslermngmne Through Emigration to have reduced from 100, ooo zo ;'Bn(:m the number of un- allowed to say “I'm a-going” or “I went | employed. :gvu]' bt.smle unfl%‘l‘md T uu‘:eu n{ e labor exchanges, and m| = ance leaders have declared mtp:l:. wt-zounemplom in the North is really Unemployment in the North has been escaped by many by le-vinl the coun- try altogether, and it is stated that since the government clme into power 75,000 Ulster 4o and women “have flawmmmt favors this cnnndhn unltn lon -nd has even es- th‘h training sc) for emi- to mm them of service in lnsdhn agriculture. Nationalist Consul Takes Hawaii Post ‘The first official action of the Na- Honalist government in China direetly Chinese consul, Yuen Suwong, Who succeeds Kuhg Yieh-tsoa. The latter, | who has been in office for two years, | was appointed by a former government. As in the case of previous incumbents whose home government changed while they were in a foreign land, he has been rather at sea as to what was expected of him. This reellblnflth: case of & Olg; nese consgl a number of years w] did not hear from, his home mv:‘r:ment officially for many months after a change, and whose consulate was hard gesud for funds, until some one in hina finally woke up to the fact that there was a consul in Hawali, but no appropriation to keep him plnl PUBLIC LIBRARY Recent accessions to the Public Lil and lists of recor.mended reading appear in this column every Sunday. Agriculture. Barrett, O. W. The Tropical Crops. h&fl!-!fl J. D. Mrieulmm Reform in the m B562. \ America Challenged. HE®3- an, A. K. Future Farmers in Ac- tion. HH-G!& Seligmi R. A. The Economics of hrm l\ellel HE83-Sedbe. Shepardson, W. H. 1cuuur-l Educa- tion in the Unlted RGA-8h47. True. A. C. hwry of Mrlcull\lnl Education m the U. 8., 1785-1925. RGA-TT76a. Golf. Collett. Oclgt.mn Ladies in the Rough. lvnns fi*sfl-nd Piy:;ei,nme Ida jumor ant Pk St t;;’r Sol. Puiting Analysed. VKG- Me! Recreation. Hanmer, L. F. and Others. 2 Public = Re 3 Shnn‘gt;lr” Building ugh Recreation. V-] lekln, N. Good Times for All VM-L 18¢. Plumg{ l;t_’a’mu Here's for a Goood time. Riley, Ranger. Handbook on chnu and Qutdoor Equipment. l peeud. Modern lnt and Fly Casting. vr-nmm. Young, G. O. Alaskan Trophies Won and Lost. VE-Y886. Business. Bishop, A. L. The Plnmcinl of Business Enterprises. HL-B54. max, P, 8. and Haynes, B. R. Prob- lems of Teachin lltmenury Busi- ness Training. HK-L83p. Stockwell, H. G. Introdllomm to Busi- ness Management. HK-1Stél. Tead, Ordway. Human Nature and Management. HK-1T22. Updefn R. R. The Bubconscious d in Business. HK-Up 1 su. Zu Tavern, A. B. Business Tralning. HK-Z8b. Missions. Fleming, D. J. Ways of Sharing With Other Faiths. DS-F626w. Jenness, Mary. Good News Across the Continent. DS-J43. Kerschner, Mrs. M. G. The Missionary Education of Intermediates. DS K4Tm. Mathews, B. J. The Book of Missionary Heroes. DG-M‘ b. Wark, H. BE. A New Era in Missions. DS-W2sn. Citizenship. Eldrid ',Elsggn. The New Oitisenship. =] n. Maryland Department of Education. m Telohin( of Citizenship in the mentary schocl 10:6 IKF-M363. Moffett, J. D. Fort; m and Citizenship. .rns- Bherwood; H. N. Civics and cmumhlp JT83-8h59. Fiction. Asquith Herbert. Roon. Austin, Anae ‘The Black affecting Hawall 1§ the arrival of a néw | w! & of substantial modernizal wamnn friends hollflinblt um nqm&um m&mumsumm more me houses are The outslds, but within they depress us. Rebullding Processes Outlined. n“&fl&“fllfium .umorla Rouse as per] been intending oOf years to make certain cnAngss ¥ he has an aptitude for design, he has prob- ably translated his desires to paper. He may have gone to the extent of consult- use he l!nerul lvise him. nome owner muat wait_until the little nestegg in the sa bank big enough to swing the im| mem. ek e before his family gins to enjoy the comforts whleh even g:'?;e:‘l’thmnuhllmcoumbu It B hot lmly the olfl house which the things which pums ‘There i8 the man house. rooms. and screenin for the 8 pt‘::c le ha Dest does not wish o increase the m The person who buys an autom on notes for the first time usually mar- vels at the simplicity of the process. He talks only to tho distributing agent, receives the mmnramn and m the car. The g_rrl:n ing compAny does all the rest. no_ logt moum because auto- prot pal the builder and the steamfitter can deal with prosj ive clients as mlmu a8 the aul ile agent now does. Nation-Wide Campaign Can you not visualize the effects nl a Nation-wide cam ’? to make our homes more comfortable? Think of the old neighborhoods which may be re- m new lifetimes of usefulness. Think also of the traditional work we are going to create for thousands of me ‘who have been feeling the pinch of times this Winter and for whom ve must continue to feel concern until bulp;neosn Back again in normal chan- nel BY RALPH V. D. MAGOFFIN. ‘There have been hunmnumm—m A great many things; there has never yet been feunfl & substitute for knowl- at first hand. monopoly that kills competition lnd & competition that thwarts co- ration -have long since been recog- a8 great enemies to real prog- in government, in business, in tduelmm And the most 1mpanun of these is education. Anythin than & well defined but mvenuua unity of educltlon ‘will undermine any governmen The lubjecu of oduufion nowtd-yl are found aligned in R. sciences -and hummmec "xhe first in general tends to make people work their nnmu. '.M latter tends to mae them work their heads. But if emnr science or mn Numanities refuse take advantage of all ita functional op- unities, down it will go. eompm- mn in education has to give way to co-operation. Complementary Studles Urged. Great Britain has been working along v.hh line and has nnneea we have. many years ago British joint conferénce of the couneil for humanistic studies and the of sclentific societies defined education “as training of intelligence and emrm‘et which befits the citizens of & thoughts and recorded in literature and history, and Hill, Mrs. ‘The Prod! Mulford, C. IA. Hopalong Protege. Rolvaag, O. E. Pure Gold. Strindberg, August. Married. Stringer, A J. A. Cristina and I. Wilson, Lone 'n We‘fln‘hwu, P. Q. u\llm Speak- Cassidy's with the laws and of lmurv a8 ascertained and a) There stands a fine about raving, seeking what Latin her th may Latin facts are the other way. either those | honestly believe that we slumps in other lines of activity. In the | Durin As to the ibilities which lie dor- only sansensouny the countey st Lo g at wi Nas been done in certain cities by large-scale renovation. I have in mind particularly the muvmnuon of Ny ; of ‘28] n JUATe an¢ Button Place, in New York: of the sunny slope of Beacon Hill, in Boston. Georgetown is the oldest part of the Capital City. It was a thriving commu- nity before the first Congress selected the banks of the Potomac for the new Federal City. It was the fashionable part of the city through most of the nineteenth century. Then it began to !ll back. Old families sought the sub- emfimm was in danger of becomln trict of cheap tenements, but conditions suddenly reversed them. selves and as traneportation difficulties mumphed the trend from suburb to city set in. Georgetown has come back a8 a residential !ecucm and by judicious renovation the district has added new millions of taxable property to the total valuation of Washington. Examples for Cities Cited. ‘The stories of Washington Square, of Sutton Place and of Beacon Hill are somewhat similar. Why can we not do the same thing in other cities and even in the small towns, making homes more habitable for people who are thoroughly able to pay the cost if some one but shows them the way? Right at the ltln we may anticipate the objections of many R:rmm who ve already gone to0 far in the matter ol install- ment buying. They hold to an old- ‘ fashioned nheor{ wmch is not without some merit, that we should not attempt my that which we cannot afford. our business troubles of 1921 a x:‘n%ns held 'l:l.t an excl;s ’ responsible and that the deflm:! would sire us of & bad habit. Time has demonstrated that they were wrong then, just as most of tne critics of the installment plan have been ince it was first intro- @ueed into our economic life more than & century :o ‘The tegt of this phn as with almost every othér plan in the world, is that 1t shall be employed with due regard to w I am bold enot American grown from the sales of & few pleces es 0! of furniture “on lease” in 1001 until to- uy. when it is conservatively estimated s the installment paper in éircula- of goods cost- its purchases of lnt $5,000, 0&7 Instaliment Buying Upheld. Beligman, McVickar tessor of mnmie'am at Columbia venllm work on of the plan, he reaches the mature éonclusion that it has contrib- uted very materially to American lead- g:sx Il;fl:he mdumbm affairs of the York furnltrl'fi'e Orm, it RN R lcation with the invention “ 'Mm:namzomduonm encountered l o vigorous op day of our mnd{nmu,”:lho held m ::’Vyl lul m n y t ; ti‘l:m d one! AN en tluyln(d‘lycsm%ngt ih forgotten \‘hollhé‘l hose e eal estal rtgages were not quite e We have all materiall; dl’l. and, m our opinions e 2 ul y, we have alf hnl 0!1 zn-mlment bu) much would ueoduourlnm indus For without the familiar finance e'g- - | Kalimaent ‘an to- e Sighene etienny the wmobfl! e l% Ve he that \ha mnmmclun finance corporation solved the major problem of risk distributing it around, just as our »}'i om,. *"And when the. Tok v "thus “m. 8 distifbuted the agent in the ity oF in the small town eeuld make of high-powered salesmanship. Basis of Business Men's Confidence, The confidence of American business in installment buying is based on & clear understanding of a fudamental motive m numl;n m:'un lz‘ t'.n human & man to want the com- forts of life. Outside the home itself, the automobile has been to many men the most perfect example of human aspiration. It was a utility: it was a source of health and recreation; it en- abled us to spread out and_become acquainted with our country. The man ¢ | who took his place behind the steering wheel of his own automobile experi- all this while still paying for it he had the incentive to work a little harder, to save a little more each week, and to be ever on the alert for &n opportunity to advance himself, and thus accumulate more and more of the good things of life. Althoul the historian tells us that the idea clmc ofl‘mully from Parls, where an enterprising firm had sold articles of furniture on the installment plan in the cleslnc decades of the cen! have a right RS typically American, or New World, institution. As to its nmuneney, we can seek no better ask the manufacturer, the merchant, the distributing lfint. whether he would prefer to ck to the old days when that slightly ir- reverent motto, “In God we trust: all others cash” was a famillar object near the money drawer in most marts of trade. My guess is that the nver-fie business man who employs the instal ment plan greatly prefers the dozens of sales he now makes to the one which he could make under the cash-in-hand system. Deplore Competition Between Science and Classics in Schools This method of reorganizing Americar education by oratorical ponderosity and mousmu is what boys call “the unk.” Anyt.mnl, ~ complimentary terms are be“.dr on all educational subjects that are complementary. Latin Termed Perennial Science. Some years ago & prime minister of England haldcd two eommnuu, clas- sics and English. A quotation from the report of each will be enlightening. “We unrd Latin as of great and al- meu irreplaceable value as a means Ymmo ing the proper use of the ish langus both in speech and wrmnl by al ‘classes of the com- munity. All our -xpm.l recognize that Latin provldu -n canme discl- tic studice.” sources of our own lnnnnge our own art, our own ex- we hold that no student ot muuh 'fll have completed his ex- pbrnt n or n\n.ed all its advantages ascended nn stream of nuumo nzd discovered these peren- m.Alll”!“um“ = Mwhh included, ropean prose, clu is the direct descendant and creation Th‘:‘. has always so t kind of perfection wl standards. We can well winder why the Greek and Latin set both the earliest and the best standards of gmmm. but thére bt _about m fuet i The mon delightfully obvious and ln{ ts in the armor of those ' i inst Latin and Greek discloss that have no acquaintance with one. .