Evening Star Newspaper, September 8, 1929, Page 33

h NS ANID RUNS Tiber’s Silt Discharge Left Sea City High and Dry After Its Fall. BY RALPH V. D. MAGOFFIN, Professor and Hug. Depsriment of Olassies, Rome was the result of a combina- tion of Sabine settlers who found the Quirinal Hill—on which the palace of the King of Italy now is—well suited to their simple needs, and of a garri- son of young Latian men sent by the Latin League to guard a ford in the Tiber, where an island made the cross- ing possible. It was a long time before the new town grew large enough to take in other near-by hills to the final num- ber of seven. ROME'S OLD PORT ‘ (Continued from Third Page.) broke away from the ignorance of the ages and, often at the risk of their lives, ned new paths for the speculations of theif contemporaries and new means for increasing the happiness of their ? es? Iast sentence brings to our minds the indisputable fact that men of sci- ence have been not only among the greatest thinkezs of their times, but they have been, without reasonable race. King Francis did not take Leonardo back to France because he was a great inter, but because he was a great mil- tary engineer. And at a later period, when Leverrier and Adams indepen- dently, by the most obtruse calculations, determined the position of a planet, until then unknown except by its in- fluence upon the orbits of other planets, so that when a telescope was fixed in the position indicated by their calcula- tions the planet, afterwards called Nep- tune, was found in the fleld of view, they performed an intellectual feat not Trade in a small way soon began to ply up and down the Tiber. The town of the Seven Hills should control and tax trade that came down; it could not have been long before it saw the advantage of control of the mouth of the Tiber in order to keep out or take toll from trade that wanted to go up stream. Such was undoubtedly the reason for the foundation at the Mediterranean end of the river of a town called Ostia. ‘Tiber Runs Heavy With Siit. ‘The Tiber runs heavy with silt from the mountains and the plain. It seems to have been difficult always to keep the channel clear. That became so true that even as early as the first century B.C., another channel was cut straight across the plain a mile or so above Ostia to avoid the big bend in the river which slowed the current down. At the outlet of the new canal the Emperor Claudius built a port for ships of war and merchantmen. Trade and reputation both forsook Ostia, and the ancient seaport of Rome began to lose its inhabitants. The silt from the Tiber also began to push the coast farther and farther out from the ancient seaport. The amount of this wash will be realized when one knows that ancient Ostia is now nearly’ three miles from the coast, and that a tower, which Michelangelo built only a few centuries ago “on the very eyebrow of the sea,” is at the present time more than a mile inland. Archeologists Restore Ostia. A number of excellent archeologists have successfully done their part in bringing Ostia back to light and life. ‘The present head of the excavation is Guido Calza, who has been there now many years. His splendid discoveries and his experience give him authority to speak and write on Ostia. The writer has had the pleasure several times of viewing the excavated parts of the city and the story of how that ancient city is being dug has always been a fascinating one, Ostia differs in the first place, from Pompeif and Herculaneum. These towns were both partly shattered and carbonized. It is necessary to remove the ashes and lapilll from any object found, going with the greatest care from the top downward to the bottom. | Stephenson produced his little locomo- At Ostia, on the contrary, one wWOFKS | Ve the Reckel: some onikecNencsy from the bottom to the top. | him what would be the result if a cow Slowly Worn Down. The barbarians in the fourth and fifth centuries A.D. did considerable damage to Ostia, but it was the aban- donment_of the place that brought its fall. The buildings simply went to pieces from the top in rain and weather, and slowly caved or fell in, until after | 1.500 years the town has weathered | down to about half its original height. Excavating Ostia therefore is a task different from that of digging out any other ancient Italian city. To have b>gun at the present ground level, as was done years ago, was entirely a mis- take. As one would remove things iiey were entirely lost for proper recomposi- tion or reconstruction. The present and correct method at Ostia is to get | down to the ancient level and then work up, separating the things that have fallen in, replacing them £where possible from evidences of their former positions, studying. measuring af:d ex- | perimenting as fast as the material from an upper level is found on # lower one. Restoration Proceeds. There are left in the standing walls plenty of pieces of material, most of which has fallen, to prove how it had been used; plenty of remains which make it possible to restore correctly stairs, pergolas, balconies, windows, etc., on the two or three upper floors, Calza has been able to draw and make restor- ations of apartment houses, show us how the buildings along an ancient street looked, set up a mass of fallen | columns and marble blocks, and chunks of concrete and brick, into what an- clent Ostia was 1,500 years ag No visitor to Rome these days can ! afford to miss making a visit to Ostia. | His surprise at the scientific certitude or restoration from what at first glance would seem to be a hopeless conglom- eration will perhaps be the greatest of the many surprises he will get at Calza’s exhibition of the excavation of | Rome's ancient seaport. “NO MORE BEER” GREETS PARIS CAFE PATRONS, Citizens Have Literally Drunk French Metropolis Dry During Heat Wave. By the Associated Pre PARIS, September 7.—Placards an- nouncing “no more beer” in letters several inches high last night adorned the windows of some of the largest and most important Paris cafes in the vicinity of the opera, the Bourse and the Grand Boulevard in mute testi- mony 't the thirst that has reigned here during a 10-day heat wave. Paris has gone dry as regards beer, but not from choice. Its citizens liter- ally have drunk it dry. One afternoon paper today calculated that 7,342,000 glasses of beer were con- sumed in Paris and its suburbs yester- day alone, although it furnishes no means of checking its statisties. The - n this_eve. excelled by that of any one in any other branch of knowledge. And dur- ing the last half century the names of the intellectual glants who have labored in the flelds of science and engineering are too numerous to be mentioned here. To whom is due the creation of that wealth, which, used for the ald of schools and colleges, has given many teachers and investigators the time and means to pursue research and make in- ventions for the benefit of the world? For one example: The gifts for the advancement of the science of medi- cine made by John D. Rockefeller and | others have been of tng:.)lmlble value to many countries. And Ford alone has moved more earth than that necessary for the construction of the Panama | Canal, By the use of his tin Lizzi now replaced by a more ladylike form, | whole farms have been brought within easy reach of markets before inacces: sible. The automobile and the tele. phone, both the product of the engi- | neer, have brightened the lives and | saved from insanity many people | forced to live in inaccessible places. The difference between savagery and civilization, between ignorance and en- lightenment has resulted from improve- ments in means of communication and methods of transportation. And as the ages have passed the men of pure sci- ence and the engineers have been re. s'ponllble for our means of communica- tion. Always these men have worked side by side to give those who are ignorant more light; to give those who are poor more comforts; to give those who are ill more health; to give many persons in many lands more leisure to work in their chosen fields; using their great in- tellectual powers that others other fields of knowledge than science might join with them in the intellectual life. This has been plrucullr\ly the case dur- ing the last century. Al fear of bodily harm and obstruction had by this time been removed. The rewards were and are great. And hosts of the greatest in- tellects of our time have been engaged in developments and researches, ever in- creasing in volume and importance, for the broadening of the minds, for the in- crease in the intellectual development | of the human race. ‘There is no telling where all this is to | end. They tell the story that when got on the track, and he is said to have answered: “It would be bad for the cow.” | But even he, confident as he was, could not foresee the enormous developments in_the use of the locomotive. When Hill suggested the inauguration | of the postal service in England he could | hardly have foreseen the great develpp- ment of this method of communication and certainly could not have thought that these missives would in time be carried through the air as well as on land and sea. When Joseph Henry, by the use of a magnet. rang the little bell | over the long line of wire he could not | have foreseen the enormous value of this | experiment to the whole human race. | Who can truthfully say that the great ' BACK HOME From Washington, D. C. 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(o™ higher” Enomicdge ‘sl wl al branches of humen endeavor CLEMENCEAU RESENTS REPORTS OF HIS ILLNESS Charges Newspaper Men Are in Too Great a Hurry to An- * nounce My End.” By the Associated Press. ST. VINCENT SUR JARD, France, September 7.—Georges Clemenceau yes- terday received the correspondent of the official French news agency Havas in his little Summer home by the shore { the Atlantic for the purpose o ‘showing him he was very much alive.” || “The Tiger” declared that newspaper nounce my end.” “Certainly 1 suppose I will die some day, but I wish they would let me finish the work I have commenced,” he said. The, flery old statesman went on, ‘yes, 1 have been indisposed, well, what about it? Surely you don't ex pect my old legs at 88 years of age to be as solid as 50 years ago. But some one announced I was dying. I wonder whom they are trying to fool? They are too impatient. 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