Evening Star Newspaper, December 16, 1928, Page 84

i M0 KITTY HAWK VISIT | BEGINS TOMORROW More Than 300 Men Promi- nent in Aviation History Will Make Pilgrimage. BY WILLIAM E. BERCHTOLD, Assochated s Aviation Edito More than 300 men prominent in aviation history, from Wright to Lind- bergh. are to make up the official inter- national pilgrimage to Kitty Hawk, N. C., seene of the Wrights' first fiight, tomorrow, . Y Leaving Washington last night the | steamer Northland carried the most distinguished group of aviation per- sonalitles’ _ever assembled. Orville | Wright, surviving co-inventor of the | first aiplane successful in flight, and | Col. Charles A. Lindbergh, whes? trans- atlantic flight opened a new era in| aviation history, were on the ship's register. Prominent Guests Included. Dozens of other American flyers as well as men prominent in official aero- nautic circles are included. in the list of guests. The American delegation to | the International Civil Aeronautics Conference, appointed by President Cool- | idge, and more than 200 members of | foreign delegations to the Washington | Two memorials marking the scene of the Wrights first experiments with airplanes at Kitty Hawk, N. C.. will be in 1850. "THE SUNDAY STAR. WASHINGTON, D. C. DECEMBER 16, 1928 PART 4. R WRIGHTS TOMORROW AIRWAYS OF WORLD REACH HIGH TOTAL | Charted Lines in Operation Show Progress Exceeding That of Early Railways. | The marked and charted airways of the world, over which regular airplane schedules are being flown, total more today, on the twenty-fifth anniversary of the first airplane flight, than the | mileage of raillways in operation on the silver anniversary of that form of trans- portation. | Although commercial aviation has been in existence for less than 10 years, more progress has been made in that time in airway development than was made in the laying of trackage during the first 25 years of the railroad. For 115 years after the first airplane flight | no effort was made to establish avia- |tion as a means of commercial tran: portation. | The latest figures on airway mileage | |in the United States and Europe show that routes have been established for daily airplane travel over 48,024 miles. The rallroads, on their silver ann versary, had 23,238 miles of rallway de veloped. Less than half the total air way mileage. Not only is the airway mileage greater today than that of the railways in 1850; but the amount of traffic greater. airplanes are flylng 40,654 miles daily over 14,833 miles of well marked af ways. of Europe are caring for 67,000 miles of scheduled flying daily over 33,191 miles | of airways. The Unitéd States airway system, listed by the Department of Commerce at 14,833 miles, is far greater than the country’s railway system®of 9,021 miles Europe shown an even much | In the United States alone | ‘The 123 commercial air routes | 'AWAITS WRIGHT KITTY HAWK, N. C. (#.—John Moore, whom Orville Wright remem- bers as the “little boy who came up from Nags Head on the morning of the flight,” is now a full-grown man anxiously awaiting the return of the genial Mr. Wright. Moore, just a boy whom people along the beach knew as “Johnny” 25 years 2go, came trudging up through the sand on that chilly December morning, a few steps behind the members of the Kill Devil Life Saving Station whom the Wrights had called to aid in launch- ing their plane. The biting cold and the stiff wind that swept across the sand were not inviting, but a youth's urge to see some- thing new and exeiting spurred him on. Moore, because of his youth, probably had greater hope for the Wright | brothers’ success in their “impossible” venture than the older and more- hardened members of the life saving station crew. Orville always impressed | young Moore as a kind and genial man: and the boy took a real interest in the work which his elders had called “pure foolishness.” Four men, J. T. Daniels, W. S. Dough, A. D. Etheridge and W. C. Brinkley, were present with young Moore when Orville prepared for the first flight. The motor was warmed up, a wire was released, and the machine started down the track against a stiff wind. The little group waited anxiously, Wilbur ran alongside the plane, hold- ing the wing to balance it on the track. The plane finally lifted into the air and flew 450 feet in 12 seconds before land- ing. It was a short hop, but man had St et | | nations of Europe and America, have |a shorter airway system today than its rallway network of 1850. Great Britain’s airways are less than 2,000 miles in extent, while its railway system BOY WHO SAW FIRST FLIGHT |AVIATION PROBLEM AT KITTY HAWK CLOSELY STUDIED flown and the little group was happy. | Naval Observatory Constructing In- Three of the five spectators at that | first flight survive, Moore, Etheridge and | struments of Amazing Accnncy to Measure Storm Winds. Dough, In company with William 8. | Tate, the three men have marked the | spot from which the first flight was | made. A memorial, planned by mv-‘ National Aeronautical Association, is being erected there to mark the historic | Th¢ Naval Observatory has joined spot_ for the benefit of future genera- | With the world's aviation people in the tions. | battle against weather conditions, which Moore, still a relatively young man, ‘ now stands as the chief obstacle in the is anxiously awaiting Mr. Wright's re- turn to Kitty Hawk December 17 for WAy of air progress. The annual report the twenty-fifth anniversary of his|of the observatory, issued here this flight They Lo then l'}-’nlk ,fl;"tihl" | week by Capt. A. C. Freeman, superin- experience, which was the richest of | Yyoung Moore’s boyhood days. tendent, shows that one of the tasks of 2 the staff is the construction of instru- R | ments and devices of amazing accuracy MAN WITH A HEARSE. [0 measure storm winds and other _ | weather factors for the protection of Observer of Wright's the aviator. Air Feat. lEThe observatory In this work, which a new During the carly days of the Wright | “ait mindedness: of the Dued Qromss | brothers' flying and gliding experiments | Government and people, is co-operating on the sand dune of Kill Devil Hill, | ¥ith the Bureau of Aeronautics of the Navy Department. | Kitty Hawk, N. C., a man with & horse | The assembling of three special aero- |and wagon habitually drove up to the | logical uhits to be used in the selection ; { & suitable lighter-than-air base on | test area each morning and waited pa- | O h tiently until the flight was completed. 1:;’15 W'z'l COd"‘-‘l was hrlewr!ed as one of | “'When the machine had been put back | o7 Outstanding ac levements of the Inz;h:ir‘ll:: 'Safci‘"fi"}’(’flt;mx:‘:w'i’_’ h;;‘:\ Ad ttr;unograph, or static storm re- brothers finally became curious and | Servatory seloeiiote ducie the yone obe de inquiries, which developed that |, . n g year. the e report asserted, and completion of an the man was the town undertaker and “ sl "d A ]new type of aero col wn‘n&an ; eveloped, 500 of which afe o be shm. $67,378,119 for Aeronautics. | pleted during the next six mofths. | During the fiscal year ended June 30, Flight experiments with the inductor 29, Congress has appropriated for | compass have also been carried on. aeronautical development and mainte- | A special study of the gyro-compass | nance a total of $67,378,119, divided as | was made in relation to its adaption | follows: Navy Department,” Bureau of |forguse in the control of gunfire on “Patient” conference are included in the official | (ho center of a celebration there tomorrow, upon the twenty-fifth anniversary of Orville Wright's first flight. The |sreater advance over its early railway (in 1850 was 6,621 miles in length. The | Aeronautics, = $31,956,000; ~Army Air | baflleships as well as in aviation. The pllgrimage. 8 | tablet (upper right), erected by the National Aeronautic Association upon a large granite bowlder, will mark the spot system, listing 33.191 miles of airways |inadaptability of the country to long | Corps, $24.630,268; Department of Com- | report recommended the institution of Secretary of Commerce Whiting. As- | gro” hich the firsi plane took off, while preparations have been made to lay a corner stone on top of Kill Devil Hill as compared with 14,217 miles of rail- | air hops. because of limited area, is held | merce, Aeronautics Section, $4.361850, |a course in_gyro-compass engineering sistant Secretary of State Assistant Secretary of War Davison, ' gisy Hawk pilgrimage, in which hundreds of men prominent in aviation history are taking part. Assistant Secretary of Navy Warner, Assistant Secretary of Commerce Mac- JOhnson. | (jower right) for the National Government's memorial to the Wrights. John F. Victory (inset) planned the official ways in 1850. responsible for the exception to the ' and Post Office Department, Air Mail for naval officers at The British Isles alone, among the |general rule. S P;i:r,:S"’Ba;::i:lebCTOR SCOFFS AT CLAIMS FLYING CURES DEAFNESS president of the National Aeronautic Association; Dr. Joseph E. Ames, chair- | man of the National Advisory Com- | mittee for Aeronautics: Harry Guggen-| heim, president of the Guggenheim | Pund for Promotion of Aeronautics; Lester D. Gardner, presidéent of the Aeronautical Chamber of Commerce; together with Col. Lindbergh and M Wright, make up the American dele- gation. Dr. A. K. Rohrback, designer of Ger- many’s giant metal airplanes; Lord ‘Thompson, former secretary of state for air in Great Britain; Pierre Flan- din, vice president of the Chamber of Deputies of France, and Gen Italo Balbo, Italy’s undersecretary of state Jfor aeronautics, are but a.few of the scores of prominent foreign delegates to the celebration in honor of the first flight of Wilbur and Orville Wright. To Stop at Laboratories. Plans for the pilgrimage, which are in the hands of John F. Victory, secre- tary of the National Advisory Commit- #ee for Aeronautics, include a stop to- day at the Langley memorial aeronauti- ©ctl laboratories at Langley Field, Va. ‘The official party will continue its rumey by steamer tonight. arriving at itty Hawk, after a jaunt by bus, shortly after noon tomorrow. the twenty-fifth anniversary of the Wright ‘brothers’ first flights. ‘The party will participate in the cere- monies incident to laying the corner stone of the Government memorial to the Wright brothers. The memorial is 1o be erected on the top of Kill Devil Hill, from which the Wrights carried on their first experiments with gliders. Bowlider to Be Unveiled. A. huge granite bowlder bearing a Mablet erected by the National Aero- nautic Association will be unveiled on the exact site from which the first flight was made. The ceremonies are expected to be attended by hundreds ©of motorists who plan to’make the pil- age to Kitty Hark, .as well as by he official party. $ The international celebration in honor of Wilbur and Orville Wright, which includes the aircraft exposition at Chi- 1cago, civic celebration at Dayton; Ohio; | the International Civil Aeronautics Con- ference at Washington and the Kitty Hawk piigrimage, will be ended before sundown tomorrow. The delegation will sail for Washington tomorrow night, arriving here Tuesday morning. AIRPORTS FORM COMBINE. Pixty-Five German Landing Fields | in Mutual Association. The managements of & majority of | the German alrponts have become as- Bociated in an advisory organization known as the Association of German Wirports, according to information re- ceived here by the Department of Com- merce. The purpose of the association §s the exchange of-information and ex- | perience relating to the best methods of | financing, constructing and operating | airports. : g The organization maintains head- guarters at the Templehof Airport, Ber- | 1in, and a list showing the location of | the airports, the owners of the airport | roperty and the organization admin- | tering their functions shows a present membership of 65 airport staffs. Plan Permanent Stations. Permanent radio. stations for Hudson SBtrait are to replace the temporary sta- | tions which for more than a year have | been used in conjunction with airplanes | 1o report weather and ice drift condi- | tions, the Department of Commerce | has been advised. The stations will be located at Nottingham Island in the | mouth of Hudson Bay, at Cape Horn's | Advance, at Resolution Island and ai‘ Fort Churchill, the new terminal of the | Hudson Bay Railroad, on the west-| ern shore of the bay. Trio Aided Wrights. | The way to the successes achieved by the Wright brothers from 1900 in the field of gliding and power flying was_pointed in experiments conducted | in England in 1892 to 1894 by Sir! Hiram Maxim, in Germany by Otto | Lilienthal, famous for his development of the glider, and in this country by | Octave Chanute, an engineer, who con- tributed experimental work adopted oy | the Wright brothers, Air Laws Described in 1809. | The first comprehensive explanation of the laws governing heavier-than-air | fiying. especially with gliders, was made by Sir George Cayley, an English sci- entist, in a series of magazine articles | written and published in 1809 and 1810. Although he produced several crude airplane and helicopter models to illus- | trate his theorjes, there is no record that he ever achieved any measure of success with them. Frenchmen First to Fly. ‘The first men ever to cut loose from the surface of Mother Earth in a suc- cessful flight, as far as history shows, | ‘were the Montgolfier brothers, Stephen | and Joseph, Frenchmen, who in 1783 startled the world with the first balloon ascension. Langley Wrote on Aviation. ‘The foundation of modern aviation literature was laid in 1891 when Prof. Samuel P. Langley published his not- able “Experiments in Aerodynamics.” e followed this two years later with 'Mae Internal Work of the Winds,” | Agawam, Mass. Deplores Resort to Terror Caused by Stunting as Means of Restoring Speech or BY DR. WENDELL C. PHILLIPS, Founder American Federation of Organiza- tions for the Hard of Hearing. Former President American Medical Association. Superstition, it seems, will never die out as long as men find it so easy | to believe what they want to believe. | Credulity flourishes today as of yore, | the only difference being that whereas | formerly it based its claims on super- | natural forces, today its absurdities are explained in pseudo-scientific terms. Many people who laugh at witcheraft | and demonology nevertheless will em- brace almost any ridiculous idea if it is | handed to them in the name of science. They know enough about science to realize that it has performed miracles, | but not enough to grasp ils present limitations. According to the newspapers, last August & 10-year-old boy who was deaf and dumb was taken by his mother to a flying field. In spite of his agonized protests he was forced into the cockpit of an airplane and securely strapped there.. The pilot then took up the plane and put it through a series of stunts, loops and sudden drops in an effort to frighten the terror-stricken child into speaking. Since this was not success- ful, the mother announced that she | would, by forceful means if necessary, malé the boy go up again, to see if an- other “treatment” would restore his speech. But such a storm of protest | arose from various individuals and from the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children that the youngster was spared this second ordeal. Tragedy Follows “Cure.” Meanwhile the word had gone round that here was a new “cure” for deafness and its resultant mutism—one that had plenty of thrills, plus gratifying pub- licity. Announcements of stunt flights for the geafened broke out like a rash in newspapers all over the country. Even deafened dogs were not neglected, for Bob White, grandson of President Coolidge’s Rob Roy, was taken up. ‘The climax of this tragedy of errors was reached when the parents of Luke | Briotta, a deaf and dumb boy 13 years of age, sent him up, accompanied by an adventurous friend, for a flight above | The father declined an invitation to accompany them. When | the pilot threw his plane into a loop in an effort to frighten the boy into speaking, his father and sister watch- ing from the ground, saw it burst into flames, the wings fly off and the body of the ship shoot down with terrific speed into a swamp, carrying its three passengers to instant death. The bellef that deafness or mutism can be cured by dangerous airplane stunts is intellectually on a par with | the old faith in the curative qualities of the left hind foot of a rabbit shot in a graveyard on the dark of the moon | by the seventh son of a seventh son; or | the belief held by certain ignorant | people today that the best cure for a | headache is to stick your head in a| chicken coop: or the idea that the way | to heal an open cut is to bathe it in greasy dishwater. So far from airplane | rides curing deafness, they often actual- ly produce a certain degree of it. In the case of people already deafened the condition 1s likely to be made worse by | the fright produced by stunting. There are many varieties of deafness, | just as there are many kinds of skin | diseases; th spring from radically | different causes, and hardly any two | should be treated in the same way. No Cure for Congenital Deafness. For congenital deafness or mutism— | that dating from birth—science has yet | discovered no cure, since it is almost al- ways due to some anatomical or other physical defect. Even if you terrified a congenitally deaf and dumb person to the point of depriving him of reason, he could not hear you nor speak, any more | than a stringless violin could produce | music. The only possible result of frightening him would be, perhaps, to create such a fear psychosis in his | mind that his character and reaction | to life would be dangerously warped, and | he might even develop any number of | other physical ills as a result. = Fear | does not leave a visible physical scar, | as does fire or mutilation, but it may have far more devastating effects on the personality. The history of psy- chiatry is replete with the cases of children who have developed many | kinds of bodily ailments and bad | habits as the result of bing frightened | when they were very young. | Other ideas back of this airplane mania seem to be that certain forms of | acquired deafness can be cured by tak- | ing the patient into high altitudes, or by subjecting him to a sudden drop from a high altitude to a lower. “When we were up 2,000 I felt my eustachian tubes open,” said one imaginative old | man who tried the “cure” recently. | Now, the principal physical effects of | going from a high altitude to a low one | result from the swift change in air | pressure. ‘This same condition is felt | by all men who work in caissons, where | the air is much more condensed and | the pressure greater than on the street. Yet it is a well known fact that men | who work in caissons often become | deafened. This shows that sudden | changes of pressure instead of curing deafness may actually produce it be- cause of the harmful effect that they have on the ear drum. Both the excessive noise of the alr- T Hearing. plane engine and the continuous changes from ordinary air pressure to rarified, tend to injure the hearing of aviators. This statement is borne out by the tests conducted by the Army Air Corps, according to Lieut. Col. Levy M. Hathaway, chief medical officer. This condition is even more marked among boilermakers, a large percentage of whom became deafened. Persons with any physical defect, and particularly those who are deafened, are very susceptible to suggestions and are aflected psychologically by the merest trifles. They can imagine that they have been benefited by various fake cures when there is really no scientific_basis whatever for their be- lief. Full advantage is taken of this psychological fact by quacks of all kinds, who depend: upon it to bring them hundreds of grateful letters from persons who sincerely imagine for a time that they have been helped by the most fantastic frauds. When a deafened person claims that his hearing has been improved even a tiny bit by a ride in an airplane his statement cannot possibly be taken at its face value. The only way really to check up is to give him a hearing test with an audiometer, which is not credu- lous and cannot be fooled. It is an in- strument which can test hearing with | almost mathematical exactness. A spe- clally prepared record in which num- bers are repeated in varying fones of voice and varying degrees of loudness is put on a talking machine and the deafened person is asked to write down the numbers as he hears them. No matter how much he may think his hearing is improved, if he cannot give the numbers correctly according to the accompanying chart, at least as well as he could give them before his “cure,” he is shown to be no better off than he was. He may even, because of the nerve strain he has undergone, prove to be worse. Hysteria Causes Mutism. In rare and exceptional cases a per- son may temporarily lose the ability to {talk as the result of some emotional | shock or mental disturbance. There is nothing physically the matter with his organs of speech: he is suffering from hysteria, and his speechlessness is often a defense mechanism created by his subconscious mind in order to help him get his way in some disputed matter or ‘o assist him in escaping from an un- pleasant situation. In the “Journal of Abnormal Psychology,” Dr. Abraham Myerson describes such a case—that of a woman who had violent quarrels with her husband about the neighborhood in which they were to live, and when she could not bring him around to her point of view suddenly developed an apparent Joss of speech, for which there was no physical cause, the idea having been suggested to her by asso- ciation with a mute old woman whom she was nursing. It is conceivable that an individual might suddenly develop a hysterical but not true deafness. If he shows no physical defect his case should be taken to a psychiatrist, who is able to make a complete survey of all the causes lead- ing up to his condition and suggest an intelligent regime of treatment, instead of subjecting him to flying stunts and | other unscientific measures. EARLY PLANE PRESSED HARD TO BEAT TRAIN| Walter Brookins Race From Chicago to Spring- field 18 Years Ago. ‘The airplane won its first scheduled race with a railroad train, but with some difficulty, according to records of the early days of aviation which have been dug up again as a result of the silver jubilee celebration of the first airplane flight. ‘The race was from Chicago to Spring- field, Ill, September 29, 1910, with an airplane piloted by Walter Brookins, ploneer “bisd man,” and a train of the Illinois Central as the contestants for a $10,000 prize. A specfal train acted as convoy for the airplane, carrying mechanics, gaso- line, tools, a portable forge and dupli- cate parts of the plane’s mechanism. One of the interested spectators was Wilbur Wright, who was a guest on the convoy train. 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