Evening Star Newspaper, November 4, 1937, Page 12

_A—12 THE EVENING STAR ‘With Sunday Morning Edition % THEODORE W. NOYES, Editor WASHINGTON, D. C. November 4, 1937 ¥he Evening Star Newspaper Company Main Office: 11th St. and Pennsylvania Ave. Mew York Office: 110 East 42nd St. @hicago Office: 435 North Michigan Ave, Pelivered by Carrier—City and SuburBan Regular Editior. Pvening and Bunday, 65¢ per mo. or 15¢ per week: e Evening ftar__ 45¢ per mo. or 10¢ per week e Sunday Sta: -bo per copy Night Final Edition -70¢ per month -65¢ per month ollection made at the end of each month or week, Orders may be sent by mail or tele- National 5000. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance Maryland and Virginia 1 yr. $10.00; 1 mo., 85¢ $6.00: 1 mo. 50c $4.00: 1 mo., ¢0c Paily and Sunday- 1 yr. $12.00; 1 mo., $1.60 Daily only_. > The Sunday only ... $5.00; 1 mo., Member of the Associated Press The Associated Press 1s exclusively entitled to he use for republication of all news dispatches #redited to it or not otherwise credited in this Riper, and also the local news published nerein. Tights of publication of special dispatches herein also are reserved. Scene 1, Act 1, at Brussels. No surprises were sprung as the cur- #ain rose on the Nine-Power Conference at Brussels yesterday. Whether the opening scenes are destined to be the prologue of farce, comedy, tragedy or eonstructive drama it is too early to estimate. Prologue pronouncements b} Mr. Davis on behalf of the United States, by Dr. Wellington Koo in the name of China and by Messrs. Eden and Delbos, respectively, for Great Britain and France were in full accord with expec- Sations, The delegates of the Western powers sbressed the gravity of the Sino-Jap- suese oonflict and pieaded for prompt eoction o remove the danger of its samifying beyond the Far East. China’s mpokesman warned that unless the in- ‘wader’s aggression is checked and “faith In the pledged word restored,” there is genuine peril that Japanese forces “will overrun the boundaries of China and #hrow the world into a general war from which no important power will Jong be able to keep aloof.” Dr. Koo's purpose is transparent. He desires to eonvince the United States, Great Britain and Soviet Russia of the mecessity of helping China, not alone in her interest, but in the name of #heir own welfare and safety. That Macedonian ery may fall on deaf ears o4 Brussels. But it is a legitimate plea, with far more than diplomatic high pressure, not too artfully applied, to Sustity it. From Italy came prompt intimation of the conference role she plans to play—that of Japan’s friend at court. Mussolini’s emissary, thrusting directly 8% President Roosevelt’s Chicago pro- posal of “concerted effort” to abolish international lawlessness, declared there san be no question of action to “quaran- #ine” either of the fighting nations. Maving experienced sanctions—the pre- Roosevelt euphemism for a “quaran- sine”—when Italy was a victim of them during her conquest of Ethiopia, it #8 i character for Il Duce to oppose their application against Fascism's Asiatic ally. Ambassador Davis functioned as Brus- pels keynoter with an earnest invita- tion to China and Japan to end their wndeciared war by “peaceful processes.” The American representative avoided any arraignment of Japan—an example a8 scrupulously followed by spokesmen of other powers. All agreed with Bel~ gian Foreign Minister Spaak that the conference should not be converted into an international tribunal before which #he island empire should be haled as # guilty party. To what extent'this labored effort pot to wound Tokio’s susceptibilitities #fll persuade the conqueror of North China #o discuss debatable armistice or peace terms either directly with the Phinese or through the intermediary of gonférence powers is disconcertingly problematical. Nanking’s position is #hat there is no sense in formal peace #iks without provision for Japanese ewacuation of Chinese territory. On the Papanese side there is no less unequivo- sl mnwillingness to discuss arms-stack- ¢ until China accepts the military wtatus quo established throughout her porthern provinces and agrees to re- pommee “communism.” No man can pwophesy what will emerge from the grim piece of which the overture has just been played. Scene 1, Act 1, finds the wtage set for deadlock. . Museolinl has an able and attractive mon in the great European war game. ¥he question must soon arise as to #be policies he will be found ready to ndorse. ———— Aviation is still designated as a pro- fession in which the courage of the soldier ie allied to the manners of a pentleman. Blue Meets Gray. In the twilight of their lives the thinning ranks of Blue and Gray vet- swans seem destined to hold a joint meeting. On the seventy-fifth anniver- sazy of the Battle of Gettysburg the men who followed Lee and Meade will gather there in tranquillity and rev- srence. ‘While distant war drums rumble in Bpain and China, the site of this eontinent’s great battle now presents a scene of rural quietude. Nature has healed most of the marks of conflict. Man-made monuments of marble stand emong the fertile fields and woods as #he chief landmarks of the high tide of the valiant Confederate campaign. And as Nature has healed the physical Wwounds of the battleground, so time bas healed the cleavage between the men who made Gettysburg famous. E l THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTO! Evidence of the last trickle of animosity crept out when the Virginia. Division of the United Confederate Veterans received an invitation to & reunion with the former Union troops. “There never can be a reunion be- tween the men who fought in the Union Army and our men,” the fighters who wore the Gray said. “Let it be called a meeting and perhaps we’ll attend,” they added. So those who sponsored the invitation, realizing that the fieny spark in breasts of valor never complete- 1y dies, agreed to change the wording. Fortunate, indeed, will be those who are able to go back to Gettysburg. ‘What memories they must carry! The smoke and noise of those heroic, heart- breaking July days that to the present generation seems so long ago! Lincoln’s voice, “The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here have consecrated it far beyond our power to add or detract!” Reconstruction days, and then a war on foreign shores pro- ducing another generation of American soldier-heroes and showing that “a nation so conceived and so dedicated” had not perished but been welded to- gether in new might! And, as always, personal memories, most poignant of all, of comrades sleeping under the sod! Small wonder, amid such a setting, there will be much repetition of “with malice toward none” as feeble foot- steps tread the paths of Little Round ‘Top and shadows lengthen at the base of brave young men in stone. ) People Versus Bosses. The voters of New York City on Tues- day took a swat at machine politics—the Tammany bosses. It is a healthy sign. It comes just at a time when the effort is under way to form a super-Tammany organization to dominate the whole country. Probably the effort will con- tinue. Indeed, the country has already been Tammanyized as never before in its history. But the voters have shown a willingness to g8 out from under such political dominance. They have a more complete picture of machine and boss rule, more intimately seen and at close range, in the municipal government. Some of them are beginning to grasp, however, the significance of the organi- zation that has been erected and which has its central headquarters in Wash- ington. Tammany gained its early grip on New York by looking after its own and perfecting an organization. It distrib- uted food and coal, on occasion. It went to the bat for the voters who got into trouble, on occasion. Not until the people began to understand about the benefits which went to the top layer of the organization, not until they learned of graft and political influence that went to the aid of the lawless, did Tammany’s name become anathema. The defeat of the machine in New York City on Tuesday was not merely a defeat for the old Tammany, which has been knocked groggy in recent years by repeated thrusts. It was a defeat for a more extensive organization which has been building under the expert guidance of Farley and Flynn and others who have been at odds with old Tam- many. Tammany had selected a dif- ferent candidate, Senator Copeland, to carry its bahner in the mayoralty cam- paign. But before the attack of the newer organization, backed by Farley and Flynn and others of the Roosevelt following, Tammany went down in the Democratic primary. Mahoney, the Democratic nominee, was the choice, not of Tammany, but of Farley and Flynn. Farley, Flynn and Company are not an outfit to give up easily. The organi-" zation in New York is, after all, only a fraction of the national organization. They may be expected to pick up the pieces where they have fallen. They will swallow the old Tammany and make it their own if they can. They have the State and the Nation in mind. But at the same time there is New York, the great city. Their defeat on Tuesday may have been a bitter pill to swallow. They do not intend to be forced to swallow any more such de- feats—if they can help it. One way or another, however, the people are stirring and not liking all that is being fed them. They fell on James M. Curley, former Governor of Massachusetts and former Mayor of Boston, and smothered his attempt to regain dominance of Boston's city gov- ernment. They took their stand for law and order against the sit-downers— the C. I. O. and its candidates—in the Detroit elections. If Tuesday’s elections failed to have national significance in a partisan political sense, they were vastly significant in other directions. And perhaps, for the national field, these elections were not so immaterial as they may appear at present. ————— The Mediterranean Sea used to be unpleasantly talked about by students whose remarks are not improving as the practical - information continues to develop. Sixty-Nine. The annual Community Chest cam- paign needs no apology, no excuse. But it does require explanation. Not one person in & thousand in the city of Washington can claim Yo understand everything that is involved in the drive to collect sufficient funds to maintain the sixty-nine social service agencies and institutions represented in the Chest organization. For instance, few persons compre- hend clearly enough the fact that the appeal is made in behalf of threescore and nine different community charities. More commonly, the average man or woman thinks of it as being a call for help for a single Philanthropic enter- prise. Yet a moment’s thought would suffice to convince any ratienal mind that a multiplicity of interests are con- cerned. The list is long, its scope is universal, its effect advantages every home in the District of Columbia. Suppose the Chest plan never had been deyeloped, what would conditions be? The answer to such a question is: Chaos. Each separate agency would be obliged to stage its own campaign. That would mean confusion, compe- tition, waste, inefficiency—a negation, a frustration of practical altrulsm. The co-operative organization was invented to correct a prevailing anarchy among worthy and well-intentioned servants of the general good who, despite their selfless idealism, were defeating them- selves and each other in the contest for necessary support. Its value has been demonstrated beyond any doubt. Liter- ally, millions of dollars have been saved to the poor, the sick, the very young and the very old, the underprivileged and handicapped of all ages. But the Chest members ought not to be penalized for their co-operation. Rather, théy should be appreciated and commended for their willingness to labor together. When & citizen gives to the sixty-nine independent agencies, he should remember that they really are sixty-nine in number. His gift should be commensurately proportioned. ——————— As years have gone on, modifications of phrase have taken place which affect the terminology of government. Under- secretaries are familiarly mentioned, and many persons with intimate knowledge of public affairs are credited with know- ing exactly what is meant. When, how- ever, a step is taken which appears to accredit the President with a loyal and devoted son, competent to express his ideas in public, the question of whether we can have an underpresident becomes one of serious concern. ——————— Theodore Roosevelt made some ener- getic mistakes, such as his impolite reference to Tom Paine as an unpleasant little atheist. However, one of the characteristics of the American people has been to forget the mistakes of eminent men and to remember such services as they have rendered. —_— e Mussolini and Hitler are programmed for one of the greatest duets ever known. It may be doubted, however, whether they can make themes which they have long been expressing harmonize in the new conditions which are definitely an- nounced for the world. —_————— A hitherto undiscovered ape is sup- posed to be wandering somewhere in the depths of Africa. The ape will al- ways be a disappointment until he can bring along some documentary evidence relating to lands he has inhabited. ————— New York City has been having an election which is distinguished by the number of well-known personages who have been trying to evade personal responsibilities. — e Halloween is still made a reminder that there can be delightful moments of fanciful charm with no efforts to turn them to political purpose. et Turkish people the world over are cele~ brating the foundation of their republic and are doing what they can to establish their soclety as a pattern of reform for the rest of the world. —————re— Shooting Stars. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Natural Attributes. Oh, de 'possum’s tail is lengthy, An’ de rabbit’s tail is small; Some critters hab big wavin’ ears, An’ some hab none at all; Some birds dey keeps a-singin’, An’ some merely hollers loud; De hen is meek an’ modes’, An’ de peacock’s mighty proud; De locus’ tree is lofty, An’ de cabbage done roos’ low; Dar am no explanation— De Good Lord jes’ made ‘em so, An’ as I isn't envious Of another man’s display; Some folks is rich an’ some is poor, ‘Cause dey belongs dat way. Another Wizard. “Your constituents appear to have great faith in your foresight.” “Yes,” answered Senator Sorghum, “by an elaborate system of explanation of how thihgs have happened I have convinced them that I could tell exactly how things are going to happen if I wanted to.” Jud Tunkins says so far as he is concerned there ain't no kind of auto- mobile or airplane that can duplicate the thrill of an old-fashioned sleigh ride. Sad Story. Some conscience and some cash in hand ‘Were his, beyond a doubt; He took a chance in high finance, Now both have been wiped out. New Parties. “Party lines have heen largely ef- faced.” “Yes” answered Miss Cayenne; “I don’t know much about politics, but it seems to me that the argument is now limited to two classes of people, one preaching prosperity and the other yelling perdition.” “Digging into the tombs of the past,” said Hi Ho, the sage of Chinatown, “re- veals no wonders comparable to those disclosed by laboratory research for the future” Exit Mr. Hermit. A hermit dwelt far, far away, Disdaining all his fellow men; His beard was long, his hair was gray, And dismal was his shadowy den. By radio he listens in, Above his head the airships roar, And realtors their arts begin; There are no hermits any more! “De man dat knows what he'’s talkin’ *bout,” said Uncje Ebed, “is liable to be busier thinkin® dan he is conversin’ v 2 D. C, THURSDAY, NOVEMBER Statehood for Hawaii Is A Preposterous Proposal o the Editor of The Star: At present there is a committee of Congressmen in Honolulu holding hear- ings and investigating the advisability of admitting the Hawaiian Islands to statehood. For reasons hereinafter stated the proposal is too preposterous for a moments consideration. The population of the islands is estimated as of 1935 at 384,437, con- sisting of a few white Americans, Portu- guese, Puerto Ricans, Spaniards, Chi- nese, Japanese, Koreans, Filipinos and the native Kanakas. The Japanese constitute néarly forty per cent of the total population, 40,000 of which are subjects of Japan. To give statehood to the islands would be tantamount to turning them over to Japan. The Japanese would control the elections with the result that two Japanese would sit in the United States Senate, and probably one in"the House, with a Japanese governor of the islands. While perhaps 100,000 of the Jap- anese are American citizens by reason of birth in the islands, they are always Japs because of the doctrine of “In- delible Allegiance” insisted upon by the Japanese government, which these Japs cannot disavow _1if they would, and which they would not if they could. Statehood is therefore not only ridicu- lous, but fraught with the gravest dan- ger to our national security. In fact, the requirements of the situation im- peratively demand in the interest of our national defense that the present government be abolished, and a com- mission form of government created with Army and Navy representation on the commission. The controlling reason for our ac- quis{tion of the islands was that they are the key to the Pacific and are indispensable to our national security, particularly in the defense of our Western Coast and the Panama Canal. Unless they are made to serve these ends there is little justification for our possession of them. They are territory of the United States, and in matters of government and control are subject entirely to the jurisdiction of the Congress. In a moment of erratic altruism and with- out vision of the future, or realization of the practical necessities of the situ- ation, which has characterized all our ventures in territorial administration, we unfortunately and mistakenly made the islands autonomous and self-gov- erning. We deny the right of suffrage to the people of the District of Co- lumbia, whose average of character and intelligence is the highest in the Nation, and then give serious consideration to clothing this conglomerate population with statehood and all the rights inci- dent thereto. Could anything be more shocking to our reason and intelli- gence? In view of the strategic importance of the islands to us, and especially in view of the present situation in the Orient it is manifestly the duty of the Congress to make the islands really and truly a military and naval outpost of impregnible strength, and that it should lose no time in doing so. This can be done only by putting them under a form of government such as herein suggested. If this is not done, the time will come when they will prove to be a disastrous liability to us instead of an asset, which could be easily demon- strated if space permitted. The writer feels he can speak with some little authority on this subject, as he lived five years in the Orient, has often visited the Hawaiian Islands and has had some experience in military matters. ALEXANDER SIDNEY LANIER. Believes Poll Best Plan For D. C. Civil Service To the Editor of The Star: Apropos jobs, Mr. Palmisano's pro- posal, as outlined in The Star on Octo- ber 27, listens good. To insure appoint- ments on the District of Columbia per- sonnel by Washingtonians, he recom- mends a civic civil service, one require- ment of which will be five years' residence in the District. The plan seems feasible but not near so favorable for Washingtonians as would be a poll. The subject of the vote is far from irrelevant in this connection. Speed the day of acceptance of Mr. Palmisano’s plan, for want of something better. We Washingtonians have no word in the government of our States, though the States, in point of fact, are not “ours,” What is worse, we have no word in management of affairs local. We have our homes here; we pay taxes; we Jolly ourselves occasionally that we are accepted, but actually we are exactly nobodies, we who neglected registration on reaching maturity or who were born here under the proud skies of America’s marble and sandstone Capital. We can- not say how we would like our com- munity, in which we built our homes and rear our children, to be regulated. This writer can chisel through his cranium a glimmer of understanding re- garding the siuation. He can faintly perceive why negligence of polls back State for these many years has deprived him of expression concerning things national, but he cannot even vaguely reason out his not having a voice in the government of local affairs. He cannot imagine, for one thing, why appointments in local institutions main- tained by local funds must and do go to persons with residence, by vote, in the States. Granted the District of Co- lumbia is of and for the whole of the United States, there are nevertheless local institutions having to do with things local, and this writer voices the feeling of thousands that local persons insofar as possible should compose the personnel of these institutions. Out- siders, or persons from the States, elect our rulers. For instance, at the top, appointments to the office of Commis- sioners are made for us, not by us. Not that a complaint is being made of our present praiseworthy protectors, but there may come a time where our city fathers will not do their duty by their sons and daughters. Anyway we look at it the whole plan revolves around the poll. Why can't it be here? Who knows better what is best for a locality than the people therein established? The West Indies and such detached American domains have no sayso in who shall govern the United States and how, and we of the District of Columbia will have to try to like being foster children. We do, however, venture to expect some recognition, some say in home management. Even if, to be visionary, in event of a poll here for local officials and government, even if our ultimate choice had to be sane- tioned by the President, though that ought not really be necessary, we would have that belonged feeling, a steadiness underfoot. We would feel established a3 individuals with rights, apart, if not of “® United States, at least of America. LOUIS E. DENNY, Pig Tails. From the Troy (N. Y.) Record. o A Federal study of the tails of 200 pigs showed 98 with tails turning to the right, 98 with tails turning to the left and 4 with no political philosophy. [ THIS AND. THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. “Your friendship with the birds and pleasant garden meditations have no do/bt endowed you with a superabun- dy/nt peace,” writes Mrs. P. R. A. from napolis. Lady, it isn’t the birds or the outdoors which have doae that, if it has been done at all, but music. Birds often tend to worry one, and gar- dens likewise, but music truly soothes the breast, today as always. The music of the great Ludwig van Beethoven (he “of the beet garden” and of the gods) is not necessary, although highly desirable. Any music will do it, if given the chance, if listened to properly. * %X X X ‘What music does is free the mind from details. ‘Whether the listener is thinking or not will remain a question. Too precise attempts to make music intellectual have done a great deal of harm to criticism and musical writings of all kinds, as well as to music. Yet there can be no doubt that, just as the composer has used his mind in writ- ing, so the listener must use his in listening. Where the difference comes in lies exactly in the great point that the mind is taken off externals and put on internals. The ears are in- charge. * Kk *x % Any one who attempts to leave the ears out of music is doing the impossible. Even Beethoven heard more than he let on. . From reading some of the writing about music a reader might well get the idea that music is altogether mathemat- ical, like logarithms, or purely intelletual, like Platc. Let us keep our ears about us as we listen to music, and especially when try- ng to write about it. No one, not even the best, ever did more than try to write about music. Words are poor things, at best, in try- ing to express what one thinks and feels, and especially in trying to make others realize just what one thought and felt. * x ¥ x When it comes to music, words are impossible, really. Words about music scarce scratch the surface, and those who love music the best realize this best. Of all those musicians who have writ- ten on their art, only Berlioz, Wagner and Schumamm, it seems to us, do any- thing worth while. What hope is there, then, for an aver- age listener? Only this, that he may clarify his own thinking a bit, as he thinks along; if he puts the words on paper he may help some one else. * % % % The result is peace of a sort. It is in the listening, however, that such peace as music brings has its real being. The listening ears diregt the mind to put away all external things, for a time, and concentrate on internal. The world drops away. If it is “too much with us,” as the poet said—and STARS, MEN surely more so today than ever—this is a good thing for anybody. Especially those persons who are tense, as they say, will find music the best of all relaxations. There are as many ways of re’oxing as there are people, some one has said, but the truth seems to be that some of the methods adopted are really tensing. ‘Wrat some people do for “relaxation,” as they call it, is really a keying up of the mind and body toward more activity. What some of these people need is more listening to music in a quiet atmos- phere. Even lively music, under the proper auspices, is relaxing, rather than tensing. ‘The way in which one listens plays an important part. That is why gigantic music festivals, while having a legitimate place, scarce strike many music lovers as musical events. They are more athletic give that one cannot? ok % % Listening to_music in the best way will give peace to any one if anything can. That is why every one should make an effort to resist the modern idea that music is something merely for gay times. Music is at its best in sad or depressed times. Many persons, unfortunately, feel that at such times music is out of place. . It is very much in place, provided it is good music properly rendered. There is peace for the duration of the music. The perplexed mind may not entirely forget its load of care, but some portion of it will be soothed, some part of it may be relaxed and relieved. The faces of those listening to music usually wear what is called a blank look. This is because the face muscles are relaxed. Since these muscles, including those which control the eyes, the neck and the throaf, are among those most necessarily relaxed, if any sort of peace is to come, it will be realized that listen- ing to music is one of the best means of achieving any sort of relaxation. * % ok ¥ Eastern religibns., notably the Hindu and Chinese, look forward to progressive steps toward a relaxation ending in a complete state of immobility of mind, heart and body. They have various names for it. Most Occidental readers about such things feel that they could never understand the matter at all—but they really do, if they have ever listened to music properly. They at least are on the road. Their minds are not inactive, but active; but this activity is not of the sort which wrestles with problems in the great exterior world. It is commanded by the ears, which direct the mind, thus relieving the mind of the necessity for directing itself. Self-willed efforts to achieve this often result in the very tenseness they are striving to overcome, whereas music achieves the same result with no effort or striving whatsoever. Music is not an opiate of the people, in any sense, but often their only chance of attaining peace in a turbulent world. Music is order, law, harmony, melody— | why shouldn't it bring peace? AND ATOMS Notebook of Science Progress in Field, Laboratory and Study. BY THOMAS R. HENRY. The extremely rare element cobalt may be essential in human diet. Evidence for this was presented before Jthe American Dietetic Association meet- ing in Richmond last week by Dr. R. V. McCollum of Johns Hopkins University. The element seems to play some part in sugar metabolism and lack of it may pro- duce severe anemias, it is shown by tests with experimental animals. Considerable amounts of the element, Dr. McCollum said, are found in insulin preparations, and simultaneous injection of small quantities of cobalt and insulin into rabbits or dogs markedly increased the action of insulin on the blood sugar. The anemia-producing effect is quite ob- scure, but it has recently been found that a peculiar disease of sheep in Aus- tralia, characterized by deterioration of red blood cells and loss of weight and appetite, is relieved by administration of the element. The indications are, Dr. McCollum said, that extremely minute amounts of cobalt are necessary in the diet. They would be contained in the average meal. Altogether, Dr. McCollum said, ap- proximately 40 elements are found in the animal body. Of these 13 appear to be essential to physiological processes and must be included in the diet. They are: Sodium, potassium, calcium, mag- nesium, chlorine, iodine, phosphorus, sulphur, iron, manganese, copper, zinc and cobalt. If any of these elements is omitted from an otherwise adequate diet failure of nutrition will supervene. The second group of inorganic elements found in the body, the functions of which are unknown, includes: Aluminum, antimony, arsenic, barium, bismuth, boron, bromine, cesium, chromium, flu- rorine, germanium, gold, lead, lithium, mercury, nickel, rubidium, selenium, silica, silver, strontium, tin, titanium and vanadium. Of the necessary elements the ordinary diet is most likely to be deficient in iron. Only a minute amount is needed. The generally assumed requirement is less than two one-hundredths of a gram a day for the average individual. It would be hard to make up a diet which did not include at least this much. Nevertheless recent developments in- dicate that iron hunger probably has been widespread. Only special forms of the element can be made use of in physiological processes. Thus, Dr. Mc- Collum pointed out, less than half the iron in wheat and oats is in such a form that the body can make use of it. Moreover, the availability of iron sewns to be tied up in some way with the amount of calcium in the diet. A char- acteristic anemia was produced in rats by reducing the iron content of the diet, together with the amount of some of the necessary salts. It was found that administration of iron alone did not greatly improve this anemic condition, but when sufficient calcium was given the improvement was marked, although this element had no direct effect on the blood cell count, Very minute amounts of copper also are essential for the proper metabolism of iron. Ordinarily the diet contains plenty of this element which is widely distrib- uted in plant and animal material. The deficiency is chiéfly encountered in anemic conditions of infants. Perhaps the mest curious effects are found in deficiency of manganese, first detected by Dr. McCollum and his co- workers about eight years ago. The out- standing result seems to be loss of ma- ternal affection. Female rats entirely deprived of the element failed to suckle their young. They appeared indifferent to them. The young themselves did poorly even when raised by foster mothers with an adequate amount of J milk and no manganese was found in their bodies. The element apparently passes directly from the body of the mother to that of the unborn offspring. There is no evidence, Dr. McCollum said, that manganese deficiency ever oc- curs in human beings. Among chickens it is common and causes severe malnu- trition. There is a bone disease of chickens which apparently is due to manganese deficiency. Another element the necessity of which in the diet has been demonstrated by Dr. McCollum and his associates during the past few years is magnesium. They were able to reduce this substance in the food of rats and dogs almost to, the vanishing point. Within less than' two weeks the magnesium.content of the blood was reduced to less than half the normal amount and the animals showed marked dilation of the blood ves- sels and speeding up of heart beat. They ended up in fatal convulsions. The animals become hyper-irritable. ————s Modernization of Laws On Immigration Needed To the Editor of The Star: One of the subjects Congress should tackle in the next session is an effort to modernize the method by which the annual immigration quotas are de- termined. At the present time these quotas are based upon the number of foreign- born persons resident in the United States in 1920. A new deal should now be put into effect whereby the future immigration would be limited by quotas based upon the number of foreign-born persons naturalized by admission to citizen- ship by our courts during a designated period for which known records may be tabulated. Currently, naturalization by admission to citizenship by court action is predi- cated upon certain compliances with our immigration law on the part of foreign- born persons. Hereafter, it appears advisable that immigration by the qlota system be re- stricted by numerical quotas predicated upon known facts regarding past compli- ances with our naturalization laws on the part of foreign-born persons. It is suggested that the proposal here made would tend to further advance effective co-ordination in the operation of the immigration §aws and the natural- ization laws. JOHN J. SHAY, Letter in Old Newspaper on A Lottery for Washington To the Editor of The Star: A few days ago an issue of The Star carried, in among various letters from subscribers, a suggestion that a lottery be established in the District of Co- lumbia to raise money for some charit- able purpose. In this connection it may interest you to learn that I have what I think is an authentic newspaper sheet, entitled “The Argus, or Greenleaf’s New Daily Advertiser,” dated New York, January 11, 1796, containing a letter from a correspondent complaining that the “Federal Lottery No. 2 for the pur-~ pose of improving the city of Washing- ton is not drawn agreeable to notifica- tion.” This paper also carries an advertise- ment by one Oliver Vanderbilt, who has discovered how to make very su- perior waterproof boots. There appears also an advertisement of a Negro man for sale, and one of a “self-moving carriage, which would be exhibited at the Amphitheater on Broadway, Box 48, Pit. 2 8.” ELIZABETH McFARLAND. 4 than anything else. What can 150 pianos ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. A reader can get the answer to any question of jact by writing The Evening Star Information Bureau, Frederic J. Haskin, Director, Washington, D. C. Please inclose stamp for reply. Q. Where was Graham McNamee, the radio announcer, born.?—E. H. A. Mr. McNamee is a native of Wash= ington, D. C. Q. Please give some information about the Duke of Windsor's friend, Charles Bedeaux—E. H. J. A. Mr. Bedeaux is a self-made million~ aire, who came to the United States from France about 30 years ago. Beginning as a laborer, he utilized his practical ex~ perience in perfecting the Bedeaux Sys- tem, an idea for increasing the producing power of labor by streamlining its move=- ments. At the outbreak of the war Mr, Bedeaux joined the French Foreign Le- gion and after two years was invalided from the service. He is married to the former Fern Lombard, daughter of a Grand Rapids lawyer. Mr. Bedeaux is an ardent sportsman and owns a game preserve in the South, a grouse-shooting moor in Scotland, and the Chateau de Cande in France, where the Duke and Duchess of Windsor were married. Q. What proportion of the people in the United States wear glasses?—M. P. A. The Better Vision Institute says that about 30 per cent of the adults wear glasses. For greater comfort, health and efficiency about 70 per cent should. Q. How did the term muckrake origi- nate?—P. L. 8. A. The original reference to muckrake was to a character in Bunyan’s “Pil- grim’s Progress” so intent on raking up muck that he could xot see a celestial crown held above him. On April 14, 1906, President Roosevelt delivered his speech in which he used the term “muckrake” in attacking the practice of making sweeping and unjust charges of corrup=- tion against men and corporations. Q. Is there a tropical valley in Canada caused by hot springs?—N. D. A. Many stories have been written around this legend. The hot springs exist but they have no effect upon the climate. Q. Does a horse sieep standing up?— . H A. A horse sleeps comfortably while standing since there is a peculiar ar- rangement of the joints by which they lock, and relaxation is possible during sleep. Q. —J. A. A directory published by the Trailer Travel Magazine describes more than 3,000 trailer camps and parks in the United States, Canada and Mexico. How many trailer camps are there? L. Q. What class in the United States does the most reading?—J. K. A. The Progressive Education Associa- tion made a three-year survey of the reading tastes of 40,000 Americans. Of this number it was found that the great- est readers are stenographers and clerks. Q. Why do engineering students so often flunk out?—T. R. A. A. Three main reasons are given: Fail- ure to do today’s work today—due to the various distractions incident to college life; natural abilities and interests lie in some other field than engineering; gen- eral lack of ability, interest and prepa=- ration. Q. What was Mrs, E, D. E. N. South- worth’s full name?—E. H. A. The novelist was named Emma Dor- othy Eliza Nevitte Southworth. Q. Is it true that in olden times dogs were used to turn the spits on which meat was roasted?—W. J. H. A. Small dogs, resembling dachshunds and called turnspits, were used in old times to turn the spits or jacks upon which meat was roasted before an open fire. The dog traveled in a small tread- mill geared to the spit. Q. What is the origin of the word, vaudeville?—W. B, A. The name is a corruption of the French Vau de Vire, a picturesque lo- cality in Normandy, where a number of popular humorous songs were written in the 15th century. WQ, Is Pimlico a part of London?—C. L. A. It is a district of southwest London between Westminster and Chelsea, in- cluding a residential region and an in- dustrial and commercial region along the Thames. Q. How many months does the Ring- ling Circus give performances?—D. V. A. It operates from April until the end of October. The rest of the year is spent in winter quarters preparing for the next season. Q. Was Kipling’s novel, “The Light That Failed,” ever published with a happy ending?—E. R. A. The story, before it was issued in book form, appeared in Lippincott's Mag- azine with a conventional happy ending. ———— A Colored Map of Asia. Important history is revolving around Asia. You cannot read the daily news from this storm center with complete understanding unless you have a good map to refer to. The map of Asia, in five colors, 21 by 28 inches in size, on strong durable paper, shows in minute detail the cities, towns, mountains, rail- roads, strategic lakes and water routes of Asia. The reverse side carries com- plete economic and political data on every geographic division of the con- tinent. Order your copy today. Inclose 10 cents to cover cost and handling. Use This Order Blank. The Washington Evening Star Information Bureau, Frederic J. Haskin, Director, ‘Washington, D. C.: - I enclose herewith TEN CENTS in coin (carefully wrapped) for a copy of the MAP OF ASIA. Street or Rural Route (Please Order by Mail Only.)