Evening Star Newspaper, January 14, 1937, Page 13

Will Michigan Be Scene of Crisis? Outcome of ‘Sit-Down’ Strike Will Have Broad Effect. BY DAVID LAWRENCE. MERICA has been shocked by the kidnaping of the Mattson boy and the attempted extor- tion of funds, but there is, from a legal point of view, another type of extertion which, judging from appearances, America has not become shocked about during the past week but which, in some respects, amounts to the same thing, Many lawyers here are pointing out, for instance, that when a group of indi- viduals forcibly seize a portion of & manufacturing plant and refuse to give it up un- less something in the way of finan- cial gain is given them as a condition to their giving up the property, it is really a form of extortion. That’s what the “sit-down strike” has developed into in modern labor warfare, Carried to its logical con- clusion, it means, if sustained by public opinion or by the courts, the following things: 1. A man who comes in to fix the electric light or the plumbing or lay the carpet can demand an increase in his pay or refuse to let the occu- pants of the house use the property in question. 2. A group of employes of a store ean seize the cash register or the keys to the store rooms and keep the | proprietor from getting access to either one or both. 3. Employes of a railroad can take | possession of trains and not allow | the railroads to move them until de- | mands are met. 4. Elevator employes can take pos- session of elevators and refuse to allow anybody to get into them to reach upper floors unless the man- agement pays the wage increases de- manded. 5. Garment workers can seize the machines and the clothing on which | they are working and refuse to allow | machines or goods to be shipped out of a plant. Obliged to Respect Laws. Almost any form of industrial sabotage is possible if the “sit-down strike” is to be regarded hereafter as a legal strike. In England, the law of the land distinguishes between a “legal” and an “illegal” strike. In America, the right to strike is con- cagded, but it is circumscribed by the obligation to respect the laws of the State and the Federal Government. Up to now, the legal strike in America has been carried on by means of “peaceful picketing” outside a plant, s0 that prospective workers who wish to take the place of the strikers may David Lawrence. THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C., THURSDAY, News Behind the News Reorganization Leaves Congress Leaders Speechless. Opponents Plan Passive Resistance. BY PAUL MALLON, HERE will be no denying that President Roosevelt's reorganization plan knocked his congressional leaders approximately speechless. Some, like Speaker Bankhead, muttered only that it was a matter of great importance and should be studied. Others begged off on the ground they had not read the suggestions, while a few frankly declined to express themselves aloud. This seemed inappropriate for legislators who were ready 10 days ago to pass at once anything Mr. Roosevelt wanted. The proper explanation was offered by a Democratic Senator, who could qualify for one of Mr. Roosevelt’s proposed six legmen assistants, as he expressed & passion for anonimity. Sajd he: “I recall thata W. 8. Gilbert ship was once becalmed and, as the crew had no food, they ate each other. The cook finally survived and announced, with a knowledge of what was within him: ‘I am the cook, and the captain bold and mate of the Nancy brig, and a bosun tight and a midshipmite and the crew of the captain’s gig” The cook would be a thin man compared with Mr. Roosevelt if this reorganization goes * through as recommended. But don't worry. It won't.”” The confidence of the passion- ate anonym was probflfily pren}l‘t- ture. A peculiar inner situation has P— develope‘: Certain Democratic leaders appear to be banding to conduct & wholly inside fight against the program by passive resistance, arranging indefinite delays, etc., without ever saying a word against it publicly. ST AL the same time, others started creating machinery to ram it through the House. Instead of letting the House select a standing committee to consider the matter, they arranged to have the Speaker do it, in order that none except loyal administration men would be appointed. In a sxtuag«;’x)n like this it is impossible to tell now how much of the presidential program will survive. The consensus is that about 50 per cent eventually will be approved by Congress six months hence. * ® X % Best advance guess is that this is what will emerge: Mr. Roosevelt will undoubtedly get his six new confidential agents. These jobs will be of superior importance. Six presidential chancellors able to control the roads to the President’s mind from the Government departments may develop more power than cabinet members. If each will be assigned a particular category, such as finance, national degenu, etc., each may become the most influential authority on his subject. The effect will be more presidential control over the Government depart- ts, less cabinet influence. o Thl:stwo new departments of social welfare and public works will be authorized, without much controversy. X The proposed presidential accounting system will be dropped into the first handy congressional waste basket and a substitute plan com- posed. Congress will not permit the Attorney General to write legal authorizations for presidential expenditures and the Treasury Secretary to audit them, as both cabinet officers are removable by the President at will. Congressional sentiment will favor a stricter congressional audit and control in place of the admittedly inefficient present controller general system. The President will get part of the control he wants over eI~ penditures of independent commissions, but mot the most important part. Congress created these commissions (like Federal Trade and Interstate Commerce) so that no President could make them vehicles Jor administration policy. ~Safeguards against presidential control will undoubtedly be written into the law. * k% % One other thing the President will not get is & central information bureau to “corelate” and “co-ordinate” the information bureaus of the various Government departments. Newsmen here generally fear the suggestion as another encroachment on their news-gathering rights. News gathering here has always been more or less of a game, in which both sides, the Government and the press, are bound by unwritten rules of fairness. Government officials try to suppress all information detrimental to themselves or their causes. The press expects that. Newsmen seek not only the blurbs which the officials hand out, but the other side of the story. Officials who are big enough should expect that. The machinery instituted by the recently enlarged press agent sys- tem had the effect of removing news gatherers further from sources of Government news, ex- cept those officially selected. It was only insignificantly effective in that purpose. Officials are still complaining daily about unauthor- ized news, which they consider to NOW GIVE ME. TME REAL STORY/ be “persuaded” not to take the strikers’ jobs or so that the public | may be persuaded to boycott the | products of the plant where the strike | occurs, This has been upheld by the courts, Federal and State. | But if the “sit-down strike” is now to be added to the legal weapons of industrial combat, then a new situa- tion has been injected into the Amer- jcan system of government, and | forcible seizure of another person’s | property and demands for money or other advantages as a ransom or con- dition of release becomes legalized ex- tortion. Should extortion in labor negotia- tions be sustained, then the protection of property rights as well as manage- ment will doubtless undergo a pro- found transformation. The rights of ownership would then, of course, be considerably diminished. | Laws Provide Remedy. But does not the common law or | the statute law of the States provide @ remedy? There is a Federal statute known as an anti-racketeering law | which makes it a felonious offense to | seize property and attempt extortion, but there must be proof that the acts | are related to interstate commerce. The acts complained of in the auto- mobile situation, on the other hand, are wholly in a State and fall en- tirely within the obligations of the State of Michigan. ‘There is plenty of State law on which to base injunctions against trespassing strikers and t0 restrain “sit-down” strikes, but so is there plenty of law in Pennsylvania to Pprosecute the miners and others who are stealing and selling what is known as “bootleg” coal. So also was there plenty of law under the Volstead act, but few convictions by juries for many offenses committed during pro- ‘hibition. Public opinion or public sentiment often repeals laws, and, in Michigan, the sheriff who was entrusted with the carrying out of an injunction last week did not insist on its en- forcement. If he arrested those echarged with the perpetration of a vgit-down"” strike or with conspiracy to carry on such a restraint of pro- duction and then the juries failed to conviet, it would mean in effect that “sit-down” strikes and extortion had been sanctioned by public opinion. Form of Revolution. ‘There is a large number of persons who honestly believe they have a right to selze people’s property because they believe the workers have equal rights with proprietors. Something of the same philosophy was back of the destruction of the rights of private property in Russia under the com- munistic regime. Likewise, in Europe, the “sit-down” strike is being plainly recognjzed now as a form of revolu- tlon. Gov. Murphy of Michigan has called out the militia to preserve law and order, that is to prevent outbreaks of wiolence between the strikers and the workers who have been prevented from working at their jobs. There is no evidence as yet that the Governor of Michigan has perceived that the Judicial system of the State of Michi- gan has broken down the moment & court injunction has not been enforced by local authority. 1t is fortunate in many ways that & man of Gov. Murphy's liberalism snd broad-gauged views should be Governor of Michigan at a time when the eyes of the Nation are turned toward the first conspicuous experi- ence of the American people with the “sit-down” strike and extortion as & weapon of labor strife. For he s the type who can be trusted to be fair and impartial as well as courage- ous in meeting any issues that may arise. be erroneous or unfair, but which seems mainly to be objectionable for their pur : They say the new central division of information is merely a further insignificant routine step to promote eficiency, but any publicity authority knows that, in the hands of the right man, it might furnish the needed control to make the publicity system completely eflective. Not all Congressmen take the majority view outlined above. Possibly 25 per cent seem to feel that Congress will never compose a satisfactory Government, reorganization of its own and that the President must do it, if it is to be done. They are not much outraged about decreasing their own power and increasing that of the head of an increasingly strong Federal Government. They are willing to let the President take the power— and the responsibility. ' (Copyright, 1937.) PLANS ARE COMPLETED 20 PER CENT OF MILK USED FOR ICE CREAM/ District Marketing Administrator Says 80 Per Cent Was Used as Milk or Cream. Eighty per cent of the milk de- livered to Washington dairies in| December was used as milk or cream and the remaining 20 per cent di- verted to ice cream manufacture, | Richard D. Aplin, District marketing | administrator, reported yesterday. ‘The minimum prices to farmers for milk delivered to the Washington market in December are $3.24 per hundred-weight, plus premiums for farm scores, for 4.0 per cent milk in amounts up to 98 per cent of their assigned bases, and $1.78 for the re- mainder of their milk, under the pro- visions of the amended Federal Milk Order. augural Event Friday, Maj. Thayer Says. Committee. up the program: the door. Catholic Editor to Speak. George N. Shuster, managing editor of the Commonweal, will lecture under the auspices of the Washington Cath- olic Radio Hour Monday at 8:30 o'clock in Hurney Hall, T11 N street. His topic will be the “New Germany.” Tickets may be obtained at the rectory of the Church of the Immaculate Conception. of labor conflict in the United States in the year 1937, which it was confi- dently believed would be a year of real recovery, but which may turn out to be a year of frustrated hopes and faltering business, as well as a year in which, unless checked by public authority, communistic theory of revolution by physical force may derive from the ranks of the workers its greatest support thus far in America. Just four years ago, the bank holi~ day and bank crisis in the Nation began in Michigan. Will a national economic and labor crisis have its beginning this year in Michigan, too, o';n u;e eve of a presidential inaugura- (Copyright, 1937:) Check Coughs! Here’s How Promptly, pleasantly, Hall’s Expectorant soothes and helps Na- ture heal irritated membranes of the throat. Coughs, due to colds, are checked amazingly quick. Users say “Nothing better for coughs when one has a cold.” Right they are! Hall’s Expectorant has been relieving cold coughs more than 25 years and is in great demand. Remember the name. Ask any druggist for Hall's Expec- torant. Three Sizes: 35e—60c—$1 On the outcome of Michigan's ex- ce with, the “sit-down” strike depend the nature and extent: Halliexpecrorant FOR FORT MYER SHOW Nine Classes Scheduled for In- Plans for the Inaugural Horse Show, to be held in the riding hall at Fort Myer next Thursday at 7:30 p.m., have been completed, it was announced to- | | day by Maj. Arthur P. Thayer of the 3d Cavalry, chairman of the Show The following nine classes will make Jumping for enlisted men, student hack, open hunters, student jumping, useful hunters, pairs of hunters, open jumping, pairs of hacks and handicap jumping. Seats may be reserved hy‘ calling West 2000, branch 118. Gen- eral admission tickets will be sold at | J. 'HE opinions of the writers on this page are their own, not neceggarily The Star’s. Such opinions are presented in The Star’s effort to give all sides of questions of interest to its readers, although such opinions may be contradictory among themselves and directly opposed to The Star’s. ‘Sit Down’ Strike Key Point General Motors by Heeding Union Demands Would Set Precedent Affecting All Property Rights. BY MARK SULLIVAN, O THOSE who watch events for light upon fundamental con- ditions, the key point of the automobile strike is the “sit down” feature of it. A number of employes, relatively small compared with the whole body, remain in the factory, with the . effect of prevent- ¥ ing operation of § 4 it. From their § point of view the method is effec- § tive. From the owners' point of | view it is illegal. o From the point | of view of exm-{ ing ' law 1t 18 % illegal. & The issue, as it fi‘ ! has arisen on ;% this point, can be stated thus: the strike lead- ers say they will withdraw the “sit- downers” if General Motors will prom- ise not to operate the factory pending negotiation of the issues involved in the strike as a whole. To this General Motors has replied that it will nego- tiate the broad issues of the strike but only after and if the strikers illegally occupying the plant are withdrawn. It is possible General Motors, if it consulted its own interest only, might find it expedient to abandon this stipu- lation for the sake of prompt settling of the strike. If it does this, however, it will have established a precedent important not only with respect to industrial conflicts but with respect to all property rights everywhere. Such a precedent, once established, will seep into law and custom. Shortly it will impair the security of every farmer in the possession of his land, every shop- keeper in his shop, every home-owner in his house. It will work a change in the American system of society, constitute a step toward bringing a new one. Rarely has there been so clear an {llustration as the automobile strike provides of the choice between fundamental principle and temporary expediency. Certain Principles Essential. Essential in the American system are certain principles. Preserving the system means preserving these prin- ciples. One of the principles is the right to acquire property and be se- cure in the possession of it. This right to hold property is one of the funda- mental individual rights. It is not in contrast with human rights, it is itself one of the human rights. An argu- mentative way of putting it, frequently heard, “human rights versus property rights” is misleading. This right to Mark Sullivan. be secure in the possession of property | ber of shares of General Motors stock. ‘This was seriously unfortunate. Nearly every one will agree that the judge should have remembered his personal interest and asked to be excused from acting. It is & time for meticulous observance of pro- priety by all who have official re- sponsibility. Any other judge could have issued the writ; the process is one of familiar routine. Local Public Opinien. Apparently the writ was served, and apparently the strikers ignored it. This brings the situation downr to one of local public opinion, Whether the community will condone violation of law not checked by the appropriste machinery of law en- forcement. If the community does not condone, and if the local law officials cannot enforce the law, the next step would ordinarily be an ap- peal to the Governor of the State for help, presumably for State police or the militia. It has been interesting to observe the inroads on property rights that have accompanied the depression. Quite early some legislatures passed laws reducing the rights of mort- gagees and one of these, a Minnesota law, was sustained by the Supreme Court of the United States. Other | legislative bodies passed laws re- ducing the right of landlords o evict | tenants; some of these also have been sustained by the courts. Statutory inroads on property rights are, however, less serious than private | inroads which succeed and are not | checked by the courts or other ma- | chinery of government. In some Mid- | western States there were a few cases | of farmers, with the aid of neighbors, ‘!orclbly resisting “tax-sales,” sales of | their farms because of non-payment | of taxes. There were a few similar | resistances to “sheriffs’ sales” fore- | closures of mortgages. In one case in which the sheriff was forcibly pre- vented from executing & writ, the court inflicted prison sentences upon leaders of the resistance. Coal Bootlegging an Example. A conspicuous example «of illegal entry upon and use of property which neither the local courts nor the State government checks, is the so0-called “bootlegging” of coal from lands | owned by corporations in the anthra- cite district of Pennsylvania. Reports agree that the bootlegging is con- doned by local public opinion, on the | ground that the mines are left idle by the owning companies, that the miners take the coal and bootleg it | | in order to live, and that the towns | and communities dependent on the | | mines would be paralyzed if it were not for this frankly outlaw traffic. ‘These conditions constitute a dis- is clearly invaded by the “sit-down” | tinction between the case of the| strike. “Sit-down,* like much of newer terminology in social organiza- tion and politics, is & recent importa- tion from Europe. The use of this form of strike is undoubtedly inspired by its success in the strikes in France last Summer which led to formation of & new government Wwith a Socialist as premier. ‘The strikers in Michigan are, of course, in violation of law. Against their trespass there are the familiar legal remedies. The person whose property is unlawfully occupied can go to the courts, where the judge issues the appropriate writ of ejection or what not, and gives the writ to the sheriff to serve and execute. In the present case, it was un- fortunate that the judge to whom General Motors applied, and who | issued s writ, was revealed later to be the owner of a considerable num- DEMOCRACY A LUXURY, POLISH ENVOY HOLDS Only Prosperous Nations Can Af-| ford It, Count Potocki Informs ‘Women's Press Club. Only prosperous nations can afford democracy, Count Jersy Potocki, Po- lish Ambassador, said Tuesday in an address before the Women's National Press Club. *“The sooner we devote our attention to the problem of absorbing excess population and redistribution of raw materials, the sooner we shall be able to treat democracy as & Decessary ONLY AGED BEER IS WORTH DRINKING our | Pennsylvania coal miners and that of the “sit down” strikers in Michi- | gan. The Pennsylvania miners go on the companies’ property and take the coal and sell it because the companies | do mot operate the mines and give the miners employment. The Michi- gan strikers “sit down” in the factory | for the precise purpose of preventing | | operation. | Ordinarily most kinds of inrcads on property right are temporary; they | pass with the depression or war or | other abnormal condition that gives rise to them. But strikes are frequent | and often justified during normal con- | ditions. And if it now becomes legal | | or customary for strikers to occupy | | buildings against the wills of the own- | ers, the result would be a permanent | ! reduction of property right which, as | » precedent, might affect all property ! rights of all persons at all times. (Copyrisht, 1937.) article available to all” said Count Potocki, “and governments through- out the world will be able to fulfil their classical duty which, as ex- pressed by Jeremy Bentham, is ‘to give the maximum happiness to the maximum number of their citizen: The Ambassador's wife also spoke, Aviation Writer Here. Lauren D. Lyman, New York Times aviation writer who won the Pulitzer Prize last year for his story on the departure of Col. Charles A. Lindbergh and his family from the United States, has been transferred to the Washington bureau of the Times. ANUARY 14, 1937. We, the People Western Senators Should Recognize That What We Want Is Security Against Foreign Entanglements. BY JAY FRANKLIN. UCH of the hullaballoo about neutrality laws could be silenced if the Western Senators who are whooping it up for “mandatory” legisla- tion could get it through their heads that what we really want is not neutrality but security against becoming entangled in foreign WArS. It is easy to imagine several foreign wars in which we would automat- fcally become involved: An invasion of Canada by either Germany or Japan is & case in point. Since Canada is not openly protected by the Monroe Doctrine, we would have to go back a step or so and simply cite our “national interests” as an excuse for going up to the rescue of the Canadians. Senator Nye and his buddies have fallen too hard for the easy theory that we were jockeyed into the last war by J. P. Morgan & Co. and by the munitions makers. ‘This column holds no brief for the international bankers and there is no doubt that the Morgan loans to the Allies before 1917 amounted to & device by which we bribed ourselves with our own money to serve as a base of supply for the Allles. But the decisive point in this situation was not Morgan sympathies and invest- ments. It was the British block- ade, which made the Allies our only European customers at a time when Europe's industries were devoted to war production. * % X % ‘They had little to export in return for our raw materials as well as our war materials. After :hey had sold a large part of their merican investments, we had the choice of offering credits i 4 1 Enaeelone lhemf to the allied countries or abandoning our normal ‘What happened is suggested by the trade returns: Year. Exports. Imports. 1910 $1,745,000,000 $1,556,900,000 1915 $2,768,600,000 $1,674,200,000 $1,094,400,000 g‘:’f 86.2?.020.}000 $2,953,000,000 $3,281,000,000 r pre-war trade balance went to pay for interest, ins other items needed to maintain our debtorpnzms. ‘When we be‘:n.nmx‘:s\::x‘g’ ‘war credits, we were able to export more goods than we have ever been paid for. Eventually, we intervened directly in the war, sent the A. E. F. to France, and became a decisive power in world affairs. ; But to assume that we would not have entered the World War if it had not been for this war trade with the allies, is to assert something which cannot be proved. President Wilson thought that we would have gone to svur. rm,:dles!, in order to prevent a German victory. ince such a victory would have implied either the dis - ment of the British empire or a German attack on Soeufhm:; Wilson’s assumption is not unreasonable. And to assume that he’ was @ fool or a crook is mo answer to his argument. We elected him and he was in a position to know most about aflairs at the time. D Trade Balance. $188,000,000 s ote our ow! threat of “Prussian militarism.” e L e And Wilson's plan for a League of Nations was urged by him as a “dis- entangling alliance” which would protect our security by abandoning neutrality entirely, in order to deal with threats and causes of inter- national conflict before they be- came unmanageable. Certainly, if we had had ‘“mandatory neu- trality” in 1914-7 and had stood by while the Kaiser cleaned up on the allies, it would take a bold Senator to assert that we would not today be faced with far greater national insecurity than is involved in the present crisis which impels them to shout for neutrality. For the argument of the World War, so often used to prove how the merchants of death lured us into & war which was none of our making, can be turned around to suggest that neutrality, like the A. E. F. itself, was only one of the means by which we sought to maintain our present national security at the lowest possible cost in men, money and energy. (Copyright. 1937), EDUCATIONAL BODY | ASKS PAY RAISE SEEKS BRANCH HERE »:ouscxoomcmrmvee DAMASCUS, Md, Women Leaders Invited to Spon- sor Movement, Leader of | (eachers' Alliance Says. | County. Looking to the organization of a Washington branch of the Southern ‘Woman's Educational Alliance, edu- cational leaders of the city are being invited to act as sponsors for such s movement, according to Miss O. Latham Hatcher, president. Ending a three-day conference here yesterday, the alliance Board of Trus- tees appointed a committee to pro- ceed toward establishmet of the local branch to cofrespond to centers in New York, Chicago and Richmond. Consideration of a change in name of the organization to connote its functions as a national vocational and educational service for rural youth resulted in the addition of a sub- title, “National Guidance Service for | Rural Youth.” The board also made plans for a | drawing room forum on art for young people to be held here late in Febru- ary. Suggestions for improving its serv- ice to rural areas made during the course of round-table discussions with representatives of numerous public and Government organizations here are to be incorporated in a series of | recommendations which will be drawn up by the board within the next several days, Miss Hatcher said. Quarry Yields 01d Coins. ‘While quarrying on the estate of Michael Lyons at Barnstick, Irish Free | State, workmen found pennies minted in the reigns of Edward I, Edward II salaries part of the county, brings you sa smoke or clog the fl treated to prevent dust ... bri Lyman will cover transportation news of all kinds. Brother, it just can’t miss! +« Because it's FREE STATE « s« the beer that’s aged all yearl and Edward IIL better bituminous coal. money-back guarant. January 14— | The Parent-Teacher Association voted at & recent meeting in the high school to go on record in favor of raising in Montgomery Members of the association sald a reasonable increase in teachers’ sala- | ries would not affect taxpayers in this | section any more than in any other Headline Folk and What They Do Dorothy Arzner’s Movie Director Success Re- calls Pigtail Days. BY LEMUEL F. PARTON. OL. MORTHAM—Bell-ringing name in pre-Hollywood days —nhard as iron at 76, used to hire & boxing instruetor to train him constantly so he could keep up with his drinking at the Hoffman ber. “I always get behind in my drinking if I don't keep in con- dition,” he used " tosay. Hewasa Peter Arno major when Peter Arno was in rompers. One could go on yarning for hours about the old Hoftman bar. I always thought some - thing interesting would come out of this setting. Here it is. The shy little girl in pigtails, daugh- ter of the pro- prietor, who used to peek in the back door and run, is Dorothy Arzner, the |only woman moving picture director in Hollywood. She has just signed a long-term contract with Metro- Goldwyn-Mayer, her next picture to | be “The Little Girl From Trieste.” ‘When Miss Arzner was in the Uni- versity of Southern California her father asked her to show some friends of his through the De Mille lot. She liked the looks of the place and asked Cecil De Mille for a job. “Let me see your profile,” he sald. “Never mind that,” she answered. “I don’t want to be an actress. I want just any kind of job.” She was a typist, stenographer and film cutter. James Cruze, who used to jog her on his knee and tell her stories, had become quite a panjane drum in the film business. He discov- ered her snipping celluloid and helped start her as a director. She's one of the best—with taste, intelligence and sensitivity. Cool, low-voiced, re- served, she is supremely competent in bringing order into one of those studio squirrel cages into which a great Hollywood opus is apt to re- solve itself. During those earlier years, this writer was standing by when Maurice Brown was trying to build a precious little theater movement in America. | Perhaps the returns aren't all in yet, but it appeared that the Hoffman | Bar contributed more to the theater. | It was so in Shakespeare's and Ben Johnson's day, when drama used to boil up in a pot-house or a tavern. (Copyrignt, 1937.) Dorothy Arzner. Meeting Postponed. The District Chapter of the Rain- bow Division Veterans has postponed its meeting one week in order to attend the annual Midwinter banquet of the Maryland State Chapter at the South- ern Hotel in Baltimore Saturday. ‘The next meeting will be January 23 in the Cabinet Room of the Willard | Hotel. 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