Evening Star Newspaper, October 4, 1935, Page 6

A6 = ADONA ETHOPAN TRADIG CENTER Town Bombed by Italians Prosperous and Lies High in Mountains. By the Associated Press. A tiny, straggling town of low mud thouses nestled high in the mountains tlose to the Mareb River, which on non-Italian maps marks the northern boundary between Ethiopia and Ital- fan Eritrea, bore the brunt of the initial casualties in the East African _War. Aduwa, bombed by Italian air- planes, has a population of about .5,000, the National Geographic So- clety reports. Aduwa was described by the society as “strikingly different” in geographic setting from the low, torrid region near Mussa Ali, over 200 miles to the southeast. It was in the latter area, forming the intersection of Eritrea, Ethiopia and French Somaliland, where Italian troops were said by Emperor Haile Selassie to have made the first land invasion of his territory. Scene of Former Defeat. Aduwa, long a prosperous little vil- lage, was the scene 40 years ago of 8 crushing defeat inflicted by the Ethiopians on an Italian army. Thus & martial distinction was added to its lengthy history as a trading center. Its markets drew traders from the whole of Ethiopia, the Sudan and Arabia. It was noted in the nine- teenth century for its weavers, jewel- ers, saddlers, carpenters and black- smiths, trades almost wholly lacking in more southerly towns. Situated about 6,000 feet above sea level, amid lofty mountain peaks ard well-watered valleys, it has a healthiul climate—similar to that of Southeria England. Throughout the region ample water is available for domestic pur- poses and for irrigation of a wide area, Mountainous Region. If the Italians chose to advance di- rectly south to the capital of Addis Ababa from Aduwa and Adigrat they would be in mountainous country the entire distance of 325 miles. Peaks ranging from 10,000 to almost 15,000 feet stand in the way. Should their northern armies and planes dip about 150 miles to the east and then advance southward they would strike the Danakil region, a desert country that stretches in somel Pplaces below sea level. Except for camel and donkey trails, virtually no roads exist in the moun- tainous sections. In the cool highlands vegetables and fruits grow in abun- dance, while in the lower areas tobacco, coffee, sisal and cotton are the prin- cipal crops. . e GREEK CLASSES CALLED War Minister Reported to Be Considering Mobilization. ATHENS, October 4 (#).—Three military classes were ordered to report for service as a precautionary measure yesterday, and the war minister was reported to be considering a. mobili- #ation. Piraeus insurance brokers increased rates in certain Mediterranean “dan- ger zones,” especially near Italian and Egyptian. waters. Greek ship owners ordered ships in the Far East to return around the Cape of Good Hope instead of by the Suez Canal, and told captains not to take cargoes to or from Italy. y Vatican Feels War. VATICAN CITY, October 4 (#)- Economic effects of the Italo-Ethio pian conflict were felt in Vatican City today. The economic service published & new list of food prices applicable | to the community, all considerably higher than previously, Similar increases have been noted in Rome for several weeks. “FALL TIME” By the Associated Press. The following events trace the growth of the Itald-Ethiopian dis- pute: ' 1934, September 29—Italian government issues dual statements pledging both Italy and Ethiopia to refrain from any acts of aggression and abide by 1928 friendship treaty. November 17—Italy protests Wittack by & mob on Italian consulate at Gon- dar, in which one Italian was killed and three wounded. November 28—Ethiopia pays in- demnity of 1,450 lire (about $123.54) after apology. December 5—Italian and Ethiopian troops clash near Walwal. 8. ¢ % January 11—Ethiopia appeals to League for intervention. January 23—Italy blames Ethiopia for massacre of 97 in French Somali- land. February 1—Italy urges Ethiopia's status be changed from that of full member of League to that of a League Mandate. February 11—Mussolini mobilizes 250,000 soldiers and orders 50 air- planes to Eritrean porder. February 12—Ethiopia charges Italian machine gunners attacked Ethiopian patrol January 29 near Gerlogubi. February 13—Italy and Ethiopia agree to establish neutral zone and appoint a boundary commission. February 18—Two thousand Italian soldiers board ship, starting months- long file of troops to Eritrea. March 19—League urges both na- tions to refrain from war. March 25—Itallans announce one Ethiopian killed in new border clash. Ethiopia Breaks Negotiations. March 30—Ethiopia breaks off di- rect negotiations with Italy. Italian border. May 6—Italy charges muracr of Italian soldier at Gogula shows En. peror Haile, Selassie unable or un- willing to maintain order. May 24—League council adopts reso- lutions, accepted by Mussolini, ar- ranging arbitration. | killed & number of Italian soldiers on May 31. | has offered strip of British territory as peace gesture. July 6—State Department advises {125 Americans to get out of Ethiopia. July 9—Italo-Bthiopian Conciliation Commission adjourns indefinitely. July 12—Secretary Hull urges ob. | servance of Kellogg-Briand peace pa VOWs. President Announces Policy. July 26—President Roosevelt indi- | accepts League peace plan. | Britons to leave Ethiopia. August 15—Italy tells Great Britain military occupation of Ethiopia is Italy’s minimum demand. August 23—Selassie offers Italy Province of Aussa. August 26—Mussolini warns sanc- tions mean war, threatening to with- draw from League of Nations. August 29—British Mediterranean FUR INSURANCE and all forms of Insurance J. Blaise de Sibour & Co. INSURANCE BROKERS 1700 Eye St. N.W. NAtL 4673 Stove Parts Boilers, Furnaces, Stoves Capitol Rock Wool Insulation Air-Conditioning Furnaces Fries, Beall 8 Sharp 734 10th St. NNW. Nat. 1964 IS NUT TIME! SPECIAL—FRIDAY TO MONDAY - SELECTED CHOICE | April 3—Ethiopia starts troops for | June 3—Italy charges Ethiopians | July 1—Anthony Eden reveals he | cates avoidance of issues like Italo- | | Ethiopian dispute his present policy,; July 31—Eden, Laval and Litvinoff | * | fail to agree on League formula as council meets in extraordinary session. | August 3—Ethiopia, but not Italy, | August 9—Great Britain warns | | THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C., FRIDAY, OCTOBER_ 4, 1935. Italo-Ethiopian Chronology Events Trace Growth of Dispute From Pledging of Friend- ship to Reported Bombing of Aduwa. | fleet leaves Malia' for strategic posi- tions around Suez Canal. August, . 30—Francis M. Rickett, British promcter, reveals Etliopian exploitation conceéssions covering half the country to interests which include Standard Vacuum Oil Ca, August 31—Great Britain asks con- cession be withdrawn. President Roosevelt signs neutrality resolution to embargo arms if war breaks out. September 3—Secretary Hull an- nounces oil company has withdrawn concession. Italians Quit League Session. September 4—Italian delegates leave League Council session, refusing to discuss dispute on equal terms with Ethiopia. _September 9—Cordial welcome of sew Italian Ambassador to Berlin awakens Franco-British fears of Italo- German understanding. September 11—Sir Samuel Hoare pledges British support of League covenant “a its entirety.” September 12—Hull appeals to Kel- logg pact signatories to observe their obligations. Small nations bloc prom- ises to back League’s covenant September 13—Laval tells League Assembly France will defend covenant obligations. South African delegate warsa black Africa may be aroused by illegal African partition. September 17—Great Britain, drop- ping pretenses as home fleet reaches Gibraltar and Mediterranean points, admits world's third largest fleet con- centrating in danger zone as a pre- cautionary measure. (Only Japan and United States have larger fleets than those now in Mediterranean area.) Haile Selassie refuses to accept any tripartite protectorate. Peace Plan Proposed. September 18 — League proposes peace plan, declined by Italy in ad- | vance. | September 25—Italy and British ex- change good will assurances. SEVERAL AMERICANS STILL IN WAR ZONE Local Ethiopian Officials Bar Exit From Nation Despite Per- mission of Selassie. By the Associated Press. PARIS, October 4.—The lives of & number of Americans and Euro- peans still in Ethiopia are in grave danger, M. P. H. Edwards, a former British artillery officer who has just Aristocrats returned from that country, asserted last night. He said Miss Isabel Blair, attached to the American Mission Station at Savo, andys German woman, Frau- lein Klein, wished to leave the coun- try, but local authorities prevented them from ‘doing so although they had obtained permissior from Em- peror Haile Selassie through the American Minister at Addis Ababa. Miss Blafr, who L from Washing- ton, Pa., and her companion then de- cided to try to make their way to the British post at Gambela, 40 miles away, Edwards said, but were stopped before they had gone 10 miles and of Eyewear Democratically Priced Oxford Glasses 7.85 Complete Folding Style Frame and White Lenses | September 26—League Council, act- | | ing without Italy, unanimously votes | to take action under Article XV of the | euvenant, warning Italy and Ethiopia | any w-stilities before December 4 au- | tomatically will put ageressor in sta- | tus of committing act of war against all League members. October 1—Italian minister to Addis | Ababa orders consulates evacuated. | | October 2—Mussolini mobilizes Ital- ian nation to declare: “We will an- swer war with wi Eithopia tells | League Italians have crossed border. Roosevelt says: “The people of Amer- ica * * * intend to remain at peace | with all the world.” E | October 3—Emperor Haile Selassie | orders general mobilization. Reports | ¥ | of Aduwa bombed and battle in Agame I | Provinge. GQhealer THATS TH In oxfords you look correct while you see correctly. This pre-season offer includes lenses accurately ground to any single vision ‘prescription required, and hand- somely engraved, white gold filled frame. Glasses May Be Charged to Your Account OPTICAL DEPT.—STREET FLOOR Lansburgh’s DIAMOND JUBILEE YEAR FIELDS CLOTHES Ualue than Ever - E 7th,8th&E were forced to walk back iv Savo.|and Dr. Philip West of San Diego, still there. 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