Evening Star Newspaper, July 14, 1935, Page 34

THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Editien. WASHINGTON, D. C. SUNDAY ...cconvenanses. July 14, 1935 THEODORE W. NOYES..........Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company. Business Office: 11th St. and Pennsylvania Ave olleT TSR OBEL, 10 B 4 B, e Buropeat Ofice: 14 Hecent St London. Engiand Rate by Carrier Within the City. Regular Edition. Evening Star Eet Evening_and Sunday Star (when 4 Sundays) and Sunday (when 5 Sundays). The Sunday Star Night Final Editio g:g::} and Sunday Star... Collection made st the end Orders. s be sent by mail tional 5000. 4bc per month 60c per month Star .. 6Bc per munth .. .be per 0opy 70¢ per mon! ‘mon! month. e Na= Rate by Mail—Payable in Advanoe. .. $10.00: 1 mo., . $6.00: 1 mo. $4.00; 1 mo. 5 B All Other States and Canada. iy and Sunday.1 vr. $12.00: 1 mo. 5 .00; 1 mo. AT x 3886 1 BS: Member of the Associated Press. The Associated Press is exclusively entit the use for republication of all news dispa eredited o it or not otherwise credited {n this +paper and'also_the local news published heren; rights of publication of special dispatches herein are also reserved. “New Magic.” Gen. Hugh S. Johnson is, he says, praying “for a definition of plan and a cessation of new magic.” Speaking at the Institute of Public Affairs of the University of Virginia, the man who put the Blue Eagle on the map entered into a vigorous defense of the New Deal and then proceeded to enumerate & number of things that are wrong with it. “New magic” is one of them. The general is hard-headed enough to understand that it is impossible to expect business to lead the country back to recovery by either kicking busi- ness constantly or by holding over its head a continual threat of “new magic.” The sooner the Roosevelt administra- tion gets this idea implanted firmly in its mind, the better for the country. It has been, however, so long in arriving @&t any such conclusion that a number of people have come to believe that it is not business recovery at all which the Roosevelt New Dealers are seeking, but adoption of reform measures, social and economic, that will put the Federal Government in complete control and command of business and the activities of the people. Gen. Johnson announces that he is quite firmly convinced that the fiscal policy of the Federal Government must be headed back toward the promise of the Democratic national platform of 1932 and a balance between revenue and expenditure. He does not take any stock in the idea that taxation should be based on “any social theory.” He believes that income taxation should be based on a rule of maximum revenue and diminishing returns. He is against the continuing threat of monetary infla- tion, and insists that there can be no Yecovery as long as the menace of print- ing press money hangs over the country. In other words, while the general con- tinues to lambaste the “bourbons” of business and society, he is very much against the “new magic” of the New Deal. The great trouble is to reconcile Gen. Johnson's views on the need of sta- bility of currency, the need of a bal- anced budget and the manner of levy- ing taxes with the Roosevelt New Deal. The President himself, in a message to Congress, has enunciated the New Deal theory of taxation; the theory that taxes are to be levied for the purpose of decentralizing wealth. It has been called the Roosevelt “share-the-wealth” plan. It is a theory that the President is now insisting shall be written into law be- fore the present Congress adjourns. Gen. Johnson insists that the “point” §s that when the country was facing a crisis, the President and the New Dealers bravely assumed responsibility, and that *“something was done and done prompt- 1y.” The general might also consider another point—was that “something” wisely done? Or was it wise at all? 1t is idle to conjecture what might have been. But it is a perfectly sane pro- gram to consider whether what has been done was wise or not, and whether what has been done should be abandoned and a new tack taken. If things in the New Deal are retarding recovery, why not get rid of them? That is what many Americans are saying today. —_———————— Valuable water power has been with- held from public service owing to an inclination to plow it under in debate. —_— e An element of expense that the tax- payer must meet is the high cost of lobbying. Mr. Ford Undisturbed. If one set of brain trusters should advocate an expedition to the moon in search of green cheese and another set of brain trusters heatedly opposed the expedition on the ground that impor- tation of green cheese would cause grass to grow in the streets of our principal eheese-producing cities, a lot of people would refuse to become excited over the controversy, knowing: (a) That the moon is not made of green cheese, and (b) that even if it were, importation of green cheese from the moon would not be practical. Which seems to be about the way that Henry Ford, one of the richest men in the world, regards a program of “share-the-wealth” taxation. He is not afraid of it, first, because “the pro- posed share-the-wealth taxes will not share the wealth and there are no rich to soak. They are a figment of political imagination on the one hand and a new form of destruction on the other.” America, contends Mr. Ford, is not a “land of money but of wealth.” And there is a distinction between wealth and money. When the ebject is to turn wealth into money for the Government by share-the-wealth taxation the only practical process of such alchemy is the destruction of wealth. When you de- < stroy the wealth you destroy a good many things along with it, including the employment which wealth makes pos- sible and the incentive of men to create wealth. Mr. Ford does not believe that is going to happen. p— Ttaly’s Case. British Foreign Secretary Hoare con- cedes that Italy is justified in her long- ings for colonial expansion. Her case is epitomized by the historian, H. L. Hoskins, in these terms: “When Italy emerged a nation from the unification process, unduly conscious of her Roman heritage, she found her- self without the dependencies and colo- nial trappings characteristic of & world power. To this sehtimental need ad- hered more tangible' motives for colonial acquisitions. Italy was largely overpopu- lated, poverty was widespread, trade was undeveloped. It was natural, therefore, that Italian imperialists should turn covetous eyes to the littoral of North Africa, which was anciently under Roman rule and more recently had become the home of thousands of Italians.” Modern Italy’s colonial venture began in 1870. Since then she has acquired roundly 600,000 square miles of territory in Northeastern Africa, including Eritrea, Somaliland and Libya, the latter con- sisting of the former Turkish provinces of Tripoli and Cyrenaica. But none of these lands has proved suitable for large- scale Italian colonization. Abyssinia, especially its uplands, is attractive to Italians. and Mussolini's people have looked in its direction for forty years. In 1896 their attempt to conquer the territory was repulsed when the Italian Army suffered a crushing defeat at Adowa. To wipe out this stain on its escutcheon is one of the avowed causes of Mussolini’s present threat to Abyssinia. In 1906 France, Great Britain and Italy signed an agreement whereby the Itali- ans were granted the right to build a railroad across Abyssinia. In the secret treaty of London of 1915, which estab- lished the conditions under which Italy, entered the World War on the side of the allies. it was provided that if the French and British increased their African ter- ritories at German expense, Italy would be entitled to equitable compensation. PFrance and Great Britain subsequently made the Italians certain territorial grants, but their demands were never fully satisfled. For the past year Italy has made un- disguised moves looking to extension of her African domain at Abyssinian ex- pense. Her military strength in ad- jacent Eritrea and Somaliland was steadily increased. In November, 1934, there set in a succession of frontier in- cidents which culminated in the affair at Ualual, where thirty Italian colonial soldiers and 110 Abyssinians were killed. Emperor Haile Selassie claims that Ualual is within Ethiopian territory and that the Italians were the aggressors. He refused any sort of an apology or indemnity, as demanded by Italy, and called upon the League of Nations to insist upon peaceful settlement of the controversy. There matters stood this Spring when Mussolini began his pro- gram of intensive preparations for war, to force the Ethiopians into submission to demands for economic, political and military rights that would practically convert Abyssinia into an Italian pro- tectorate. Italy has a surplus population of roundly 500,000 a year. She has seen the other European powers acquire fertile African territory for colonizing purposes. Abyssinia is the one remaining spot in Africa held useful for Italy's objects. 1t is believed to be rich in agricultural and mineral resources, and Italians have been led to expect that vast wealth awaits them in exploiting deposits of gold, platinum, copper, oil, coal, iron and sulphur. Mussolini accuses the Ethiopians of perpetuating slavery, and contends that Italy has a civilizing mission to destroy it. Il Duce has said that he will be satisfied with nothing but a “complete solution” of his differences with Haile Selassie. By that it is well known that he means Aybssinia’s addition to Fascism’s African realm. For its control or acquisition he is ready to spend lavishly of Italian life and treasure, mindless of the risks involved in a cam- paign on remote foreign soil, where pestilence, lack of water and almost in- surmountable topographical conditions, to say nothing of resistance by a race of fanatical tribesmen battling des- perately for their independence, will make military victory costly, difficult and problematical. There has never been a trace of the supercilious in the attitude of Dr. Einstein. He maintains his intellectual supremacy without sacrifice of the modesty becoming a philosopher. For the comfort of those who could not understand his theory, he makes it clear that no one except himself can show what may be wrong with it. State Papers. Archivist R. D. W. Connor, keen stu- dent of history as he is, must be await- ing with impatience the discoveries which his nine “detectives” are certain to make in their examination of the state papers accumulated in many Gov- ernment offices and storage rooms. The possibilities of important finds are infi- nite. For more than a century and a half the basic documents of the Republic have been scattered and neglected. Now, with the new Archives Building com- pleted and equipped for service, they are to be assembled and catalogued. The current search of one hundred and fifty different Federal establishments in the District of Columbia is a necessary first step toward the goal long contemplated, but only now feasible to attempt. But not all the state papers which should be in the national archives will be found in the Government’s possession. Many of the most valuable documents are in private hands. Lacking a definite place and a practical technique for the correlation and preservation of such treasures, the Nation inevitably has lost THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON, material which it should have retained. Fortunately, however, the irretrievable permanency of that loss is not so great as might be supposed. Even in the early days of the Government’s existence there were citizens with the genius to recog- nize the elemental worth of papers re- lating to public affairs. Without con- scious intention to rob their country, they withheld from probable destruction such letters as seemed to them to be of particular interest. In the course of time much of the material thus rescued from oblivion reached the Library of Congress and various other official depositories. The remainder in large part has de- scended from one generation to another of private custodians and in that fashion has survived. Now, tardily enough perhaps, the Government can recover some at least of its papers from the perils of unau- thorized possession. Mr. Connor, it may be, will be willing to sponsor an appeal for their restoration. No coercion need be attempted, nor is any recourse to the law required. Persons patriotic enough to care about historical data surely will also be patriotic enough to wish to aid in the official effort to collect and organize for pragmatic use the written records of the Nation. The Archives Building is the proper place for all state papers, and every individual citizen may be in himself a commitiee of one to see that they are deposited there. Some sacrifice may be involved, but that may be discounted in view of the resultant satisfaction of an honorable and gener- ous action. The blue haze which appeared after the stratosphere balloon collapse is ascribed to talcum powder. This dis- poses of any suspicion that the explosion might have been due to lack of neatness. The Virgin Islands could not have caused more conversational disturbance if they had been named after a group of lady columnists. Summer days are longer and it is no doubt a comfort to statesmen to see that the program of duty does not pro- vide all work and no golf. e A stock market recovery indicates a return of confidence at least to the extent of a willingness to take another chance. —_— e So much serious thought is projected by radio that it is feared that the public may lose its taste for comedy and song. Shooting Stars. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Greater Than Gravity. Josh Corntossel took a collegiate course. He had a successful career. He joined in the sports with a master- ful force And led in expressions of cheer. His science he knew from the sky to the ground— From comets to corn on the cob. Reward he has claimed for his wisdom profound, We have got him a Government job. He figures in billions with elegant ease, He gives to the time clock a punch; Says “yes, ma’am” and ‘“no, maam,” likewise “if you please.” ‘When the waiter lass hands him his lunch. The heavens above us with forces are full, Earth holds an electrical throb, But Josh mostly studied political pull, And we've got him a Government job. Reversed Program. “Why don't you try to make your con- stituents understand problems of govern- ment?” “That’s what I have done,” replied Senator Sorghum. “I have been too thorough about it. A lot of them now think that they can give advice instead of taking it.” Literary Rivalry. “Your magazine articles are rather sensational in their tone.” “Yes,” replied the popular writer on economics. “I have to make 'em that way to keep people from skipping them and reading nothing but the fiction.” Not So Easy. An argument seems very strong In telling just why things go wrong. An argument may seem but slight In telling how to set things right. Heard Obscurely. “What does Harold call his motor boat?” asked Maude. “I can‘t say exactly,” replied Maymie. “But I'm sure what he called it when he was trying to start the engine wasn't the name painted on the bow.” The Post Card. How beautiful the post card seems! A mellow sunshine sheds its beams On ancient walls or stately trees, Where all the world seems at its ease. 1t shows no dust or smarting heat, Nor counters filled with things to eéat, No crowded cars nor smelly ships, No petty bandits out for tips; It illustrates a glorious scene ‘Where all is silent and serene To make a restful holiday For every traveler on his way. A picture from the Land of Dreams, How beautiful a post card seems! “De man dat kin keep f'um continual- ly sayin’ all dat's on his mind,” said Uncle Eben, “is liable to store up enough, 50 dat when he does talk he'll be wuth listenin’ to.” Legal Relief. Prom the Indianapolis Star. The A. A. A. seems to be turning into an unemployment relief measure for lawyers. More Time Needed. Prom the Portland Orégon Journal. Scientists keep on lengthening the span of life. The installment plans make longer Ufe a necessity. D. .C, Tugwell to Start on Resettlement Work By Owen L. Scott, ‘The brain truster who made good: Dr. Rexford Guy Tugwell. Now that he is well along in his third year of New Deal service, the Nation's Undersecre- tary of Agriculture aspires to that dis- tinction. Whether or not it is to be his will depend on the outcome of the experiment he is undertaking. The path has been rough for many in that small but mentally active group of young and middle-aged advisers who guided President Roosevelt’s experiments through their early days. As one after another of the plans encountered trou- ble, their sponsors lost caste. Many have gone from the service, either dis- illusioned or discredited. Others have stayed, only to find their importance and authority much reduced. Remnants of the once well-filled ranks of the heavy thinkers now include Dr. Tugwell, Ben Cohen of the P, W. A, legal staff and Tom Corcoran of the R. F. C. legal staff. The latter two are proteges of Felix Frankfurther, Harvard Law School professor, who retains his influence as a White House adviser. Young Mr. Cohen is scheduled to be- come a member of the Securities and Exchange Commission, where he would be one of five commissioners. Young Mr. Corcoran is revealed as a prominent New Deal lobbyist, who is obtaining ex- perience in the art of maneuvering leg- islation through Congress. He is a personal favorite of Mr. Roosevelt and has been talked of as a probable future addition to the White House secretariat. k% % Dr. Tugwell's ambitions lie in other directions. He is not attracted by the detall of administrative work that be- comes the lot of a member of a Gov- ernment commission. Neither does he aspire to occupy a position of influence over Congress or among politicians. Rather, undertaking his new work, he is avoiding contact with Congress by keeping the title and salary of Under- secretary of Agriculture. Officially he now holds the position of Undersecre- tary at $10,000 a year and of resettle- ment administrator at no salary. But under the second title he reports di- rectly to President -Roosevelt and not to Henry Wallace, who otherwise is his superior. This arrangement gives Dr. Tugwell a substantial salary, wide power, the standing of a member of the “Little Cabinet” and freedom from the need for new confirmation by the Senate. Just what is he up to? The country’s new resettlement ad- ministrator and leading brain truster has the task of plecing together loose ends of several New Deal experiments. Those experiments have been tried by others with highly questionable results. They involve the vast problem of land use, with the possible beginning of a program that could do much to remake the Nation's agriculture. o x o Several tries have been made at land planning. Each time the administrators were strong on ideas and weak on ex- ecution. The result is that some of the biggest ideas on paper have turned out to be most striking failures in practice. Dr. Tugwell now intends to take hold of these ideas and see if he can't make them work. Mr. Roosevelt has authorized the use of $71,000000 for the first six months to carry out one phase of the resettle- ment administration plans. That allot- ment of money is for “rural rehabilita- tion”. The Government has discovered that nearly 1,000,000 farm families have been on relief rolls. Drought put many of them there, but large numbers have been unable to eke an existence from their land for other reasons as well. Now 'Dr. Tugwell proposes to move in with plans to help put large numbers of those farmers on their feet so that they again can be self-sustaining. He may loan them money to buy livestock | and machinery, or utilize their labor to check soil erosion, or do any of a multi- tude of things to pull individual rural- ists out of the hole. * % %0 Congress is on the verge of approving a billion dollar plan that fits into this part of the picture. This plan calls for the use of Federal credit to help farm tenants become farm owners. Uncle Sam would sell farms to approved ten- ants, fully equipped with all the custo- mary farm accoutrements, including a debt. The Senate has approved the idea, the President has given his blessing and House sanction is likely. When that comes, Dr. Tugwell exe pects to have a hand in the plan’s ad- ministration. Opponents of this latest proposed Federal venture into paternal- ism contend that $20,000,000,000 will be needed to provide farms for the 2,500,000 tenant farmers of the country. Those favoring the proposal say they intend to move slowly and to protect the Federal inventment. Rural rehabilitation on that basis looks like a sizable job for any man. But the resettlement administrator has other irons in the fire. His next ven- ture is land buying. Former Presi- dent Hoover, the Chamber of Commerec of the United States and other promi- nent individuals and groups have said that the Federal Government should meet the farm problem by retiring poor farm land from use. ‘The New Deal, early in its existence, set out to put these land buying sug- gestions into practice. It ran into a multitude of legal and human diffi- culties. As a consequence, the Federal Govern- ment has about 20,000,000 acres of so- called submarginal land under option to buy. But until legal technicalities are cleared away it can't buy. After they are cleared away, there will remain the problem of what to do with the people on the land. ok Dr. Tugwell has the task of solving that problem. He has yet to announce his solution. However, the hint has been thrown out that Uuncle Sam, in- stead of paying bounties amounting to hundreds of millions of dollars annually to farmers for holding good farm land out of use, could well afford to use those hundreds of millions to buy poor land that could be retired permanently. Some of the millions would be used to trans- plant farmers from farming into indus- try or into other farming regions. The magnitude of this task has struck many who have surveyed it as appalling. The resettlement administrator is ready to shoulder responsibility for a try. Then he has a third project that is just getting under way. This involves the now discredited “sub- sistence homesteads,” which have two years of experience, and largely of fail- ure, behind them. “Subsistence homesteads” got under way near the start of the New Deal. They involved the attempted creation of new communities, built and financed of these communities now have built and a few people are living em. But the Government is find- the stranded families re- stranded in subsis- formerly they now are JULY 14, 1935—PART TWO. ON GROWING OLD BY THE RIGHT REV. JAMES E. FREEMAN, D.D,, LL. D, D. C. L, BISHOP OF WASHINGTON, As the years multiply, when physical strength wanes and fails, to feel that we are actually accumulating strength, strength of will and of purpose, brings a satisfaction that excels all else. We know and have known men and women whose inner qualities and graces seemed to become more evident with the passing of the years. What we call personality, that combination of mentai, cultural and spiritual qualities, becomes in certain people more fascinating anfi more com- pelling when the hairs are whitened and the brow furrowed. Such men and women possess an aura, a subtle quality that has more persuasive power than any spoken word or any spectacular act. Some of our mothers possess such a quality and in their presence we feel a sense of inexpressible admiration that approximates reverence. It was said of Washington by his confreres that his presence was such that he seemed to overtop all his associates and to out- rank all the men of his generation. “Trailing clouds of glory do they come,” a poet thus speaks of children; it might more fitly be applied to those of whom we write. What we have in mind does not necessarily issue from rare intellectual glifts, nor does it belong solely to physical beauty. It may be something we cannot adequately define, but only experience. There is a passage in the book of Job that expresses it, when in his grief and deep reflection the author writes: “The righteous shall hold on his way, and he that hath clean hands shall grow stronger and stronger.” Righteousness, which means the highest standard of right living, is essential to what we have in mind. Surely clean hands and clean thoughts are also indispensable con- comitants. It is a combination of all of these that produces the composite char- acter we have in mind. When the Master would speak of supreme excel- lence in character He gave purity a first place, saying: “Blessed are the pure in heart, for they shall see God.” As He appraised life He conceived that fitness for the greater vision of its ulti- mate purpose was clean thinking and a life regulated by clean standards. All our observation and experience confirm His lofty conception. We cannot think in terms of ideal attainment without these imperishable qualities. It is men and women whose minds are occupied with the best that reflect it in their characters. Such people, even when age is upon them, disclose all the spon- taneity and resourcefulness of youth. They grow old gracefully and with in- creasing beauty of character, because | they enjoy a serenity that comes from | perfect trust in the outworking of a divine plan and the assurance that they are nearing the consummation of their highest hopes and expectations. An- other passage, in the prophecy of Isaiah, thus graphically describes the renewal that issues from such an unfailing trust, “They that wait upon the Lord shall renew their strength; they shall mount up with wings as eagles, they shall run and not be weary, and they shall walk and not faint.” . What a contrast this suggests when we think of those whose lives are in- creasingly burdened with cares and the pursuit of material things and the acquisition of riches. To such there can be little of serenity and nothing of peace. As they grow in years they can live only in the recollection of days when ambition and desire had their satisfaction; everything is in the past, only shadows rest upon the days that lie ahead. Nature furnishes her most appealing and gorgeous pictures in gold- en sunsets and in the rich coloring of Autumn foliage. It would seem that God has reserved the choicest exhibi- tions of His handiwork for periods that suggest maturity and ripeness. It is when the sun is setting, when Summer days are ended and the shadows of impending change are imminent, that the colorings are richest and most allur- ing. God so ordains man’s life to be. There is nothing in old age that is repellent, nothing that suggests weak- ness or the near approach of failing | powers. Where the life is stimulated and refreshed by a sublime hope and | a perfect trust, where it lives in the consciousness of a continuing strength that sustains it on its way, to be able | to say: “I know whom I have believed, | and am persuaded that He is able to keep that which I have committed unto Him,” is to live triumphantly and with- out fear. The Psalmist had this in mind when he wrote: “Mark the perfect man, and behold the upright; for the end of that man is peace.” Surely the poet had it in mind when he wrote: “Grow old along with me, The best is yet to be; The last of life for which the first was made: Our times are in his hand ‘Who saith, ‘a whole I planned.” Youth shows but half; trust God, see all, nor be afraid.” Such a happy consummation is the deep desire and ardent hope of all men. It is possessed by those who in the confusions and distractions of a chang- ing world have reposed their security in Him who is the same “yesterday, to- day and forever.” Fifty Years Ago In The Star “In a reported interview with Secre- tary Manning,” says The Star of July 9, | Honest Efficiency 1885 ‘:-eka-t officer | : 2 . is quoted as say- in Public Service. jng: Im very much surprised to find so many bright, capable men in the Treasury Depart- ment. Why, we meet them by the score every day, sharp as briars, energetic and with the details of their duties at their tongue’s and finger's ends. From what I have heard I really expected to see a great deal of incompetency and corrup- tion in this place. It appears, however, that the efficiency of the service has been growing better and better every vear until it is astonishing how perfect the machinery is.’ “Whether the Secretary is accurately quoted, we cannot say, but we can say | that his alleged utterances are exactly true to the facts in the case. It has been the fashion for years among the Democrats to denounce the departments at Washington as corrupt and idle. No doubt the Albany Argus. Secretary Man- ning’s own newspaper, has had columns on columns of eloquent denunciation of this sort. We have heard much of ‘offi- cial rottenness,’ of ‘Augean stables’ and the like, all of which is very fine party rhetoric, but very false and absurd. “Not only is the civil service of this Government the most honest, most capable and most courteous of any pub- lic service in the world, but there is no private business of equal magnitude where the honesty and efficiency of the service is on such a high level. If the Democrats intend to upset the service, as a reward for political activity, let them say so, honestly. To mask a grab for salary under a lofty regard for ‘reform’ is a very cowardly kind of cant. Of course, in such a great multitude there are some drones and some rascals, and they should be weeded out; but the charge that the service, as such, is on a low level is as false and almost as wicked a libel as that other which assails the character of the ladies who are in the employ of the Government.” ok Independence day fatalities were re- corded half a century ago, as now, but Fourth of July not in such great num- s bers. The Star of July Fatalities. 1o, 1885, said: “So far the use of the vile firecracker on the Fourth is directly chargeable with two deaths. The first was the case of a young lady in Boston who, in walking over a smoldering fragment of an ex- ploded bunch, unconsciously set her clothing on fire and she was burned so badly that a painful death shortly fol- lowed. The other case occurred in Erie, Pa., where a crowd of mischievous boys threw a lighted package under the feet of a young lady passing by. The result was that her skirts were burned and she was so badly injured that she died yesterday in great agony. It is too much to suppose that proper punishment can follow in either case; but surely such awful results ought to lead, in some way or other, to a stringent prohibition of such doubtful means of juvenile enjoy- ment. To say nothing of the loss of life and human suffering it has caused, it has cost the country millions of dollars in the destruction of property.” e———————————————————— ment, frequently with little prospect of release within their lifetimes. * * % % Dr. Tugwell is moving in on that situation. His reported intention is to write off most of this experiment as a definite loss and to start over again on a new basis. This time he will create “suburban towns.” These are to be Government- built communities on the edge of in- dustrial communities. Each home in the community will have an attached gar-| den plot of one or two or three acres. The aim is to start to decentralize cities, with suburban towns offering workers employed in industry an oppor- tunity to mix industrial jobs with rural atmosphere. Dr. Tugwell is ready to tackle all of those problems and is staking his chance for a reputation as the brain truster their successful Capital Sidelights By Will P. Kennedy. Who is the man of many mistaken identities in Congress? Page “Billy” Connery, chairman of the House Committee on Labor, World War color sergeant in the famous “Yankee | Division,” former actor and welcomed to any gathering because of his story-tell- ing proclivity and all-around entertain- ing genius. During his first term in Congress, some 14 years ago, he went down to the | Appeals Board, United States Depart- | ment of Labor. As he went in Miss Anna Moynahan gave him a jacket on one of the cases and told him she would bring him several others later which he intended to argue. The chairman of the board asked him, “Whose secretary are you?” and Connery said, “Repre- sentative William P. Connery, jr.” Later Miss Moynahan brought in three other files and said: “Here they are, Con- gressman,” and the chairman was pro- fuse in his apologies. Another time he had some 20 school teachers from Lynn here on a visit and | stopping at the old Congress Hall Hotel, | now replaced by the New House Office | Building. He went to deliver to them letters to get them entre to the White | House and the Government Printing Office. Out bristles a very dignified old | gentleman of the goatee era who asked, “Are you engaged ’—mistaking him for a | guide—and proceeded to give him direc- tions to be on hand promptly at 8 o'clock | because he wanted to take a party of eight young women to the Library of Congress. Connery assured him he'd be on hand and he was. When he had conducted the party the gentleman of the old school asked, “How much do I owe you?” Connery asked who his Con- gressman was and he replied: “Judge Bell of Georgia.” “He's a good fellow and a friend of mine and I'm sure he'd do as much for me,” answered the oblig- ing “Billy.” When the old gentleman, a Dr. Murphy, in charge of a finishing school in Georgia, learned who his guide was he was much embarrassed, but Con- nery soon put him at his ease, making him feel that he was the one honored by such pleasant company. One of the young women told him she had seen him when he took the part of a news- paper man, Clint Harkins, in “Get Rich Quick, Wallingford,” when he played at | Little Rock, Ark. In a rush one morning Connery pulled | into a reserved place near the Capitol steps where a sign was conspicuous, “Re- served for Members of Congress,” with his dilapidated old Dodge, badly in need of washing. The Capitol police officer seeing the old and shabby car next to the Rolls-Royce of the late Represent- ative Martin B. Madden of Illinois “balled” Connery out. A few moments later when Connery came to get his car he found one of his old “buddies” of the “Yankee Division” who had served with him in France and was then on the Capitol police force “bawling out” the rookie policeman for having “in- sulted” a real soldier who had carried the flag under fire and who was a member of Congress. Thereafter the Capitol policeman greeted Connery with a salute each morning. Recently Connery had a severe nervous spell and was ordered by his physician to take a 5-mile hike in Rock Creek Park each morning. Wearing a cap and old slacks, Connery was plodding his sweaty way home the other morning on Park road when a big colored man rushed to meet him: “Is yo’ the painter, caus’ if yo' you's late and they’s waitin’ fo’ yo'.” Connery assured him he was a mere member of Congress— and so it goes. * % * Miss Jeannette Rankin of Montana, the first woman ever elected to Con- gress, who won world-wide notice when she burst into tears as she cast her vote for the United States entering the World War, who was a pioneer of the suffragist movement, who visited New Zealand working as a seamstress to get first-hand information of social condi- tions, was dragged into the House on Friday by Representative Paul Kvale of Minnesota and Representative Maury Maverick of Texas, who were mere boys when Miss Rankin was a member in 1917 The Unémployed Youth of America By Frederic J. Haskin. America used to be proud that it was a Nation of jacks of all trades and the circumstance that there is-danger of America’s becoming a Nation of jacks of no trades has had much to do with President Roosevelt’s determination to better the condition of the youth of the land. It has been shown that 300,000 youths have been on relief rolls at one time, not one of whom ever had held a job of any kind. Last year more than one- third of high school and college gradu- ates between the ages of 18 and 29 were out of work. They numbered 2,450,000 and, of the group, the highest incidence of unemployment was between the ages of 18 and 24. Sometimes the name of jack of all trades has been applied in a derogatory sense as indicating an individual who has not perfected himself in any kind of work. That could be true, depending upon the individual. Actually, in Amer- ica, the title of jack of all trades used to be regarded as somewhat compli- mentary. In a new nation, where dis- tances are magnificent and both oppor- tunities and duties varied, the more things a man can do, the greater his usefulness to himself and his community. The American Nation was built by men who could plow a straight furrow, shoe a horse, shoot a gun, built a water wheel ralse a barn and play a fiddle. The expressive phrase “doubling in brass” is purely an American one. There used to be no unemployment for employable persons and those will- ing to work, for, being jacks of all trades, there always was something to which | they could turn their hands. A diffi- culty of the Machine Age has been recognized as overspecialization. ‘The story is more than a twice-told tale, but is especially opposite in the existing situation, the situation which President Roosevelt seems to feel needs the expen- diture of $50,000,000 to correct. It is a story of the World War draft. It was realized that it would be unwise to strip the productive plants of the coyntry of skilled mechanics and drafted men were classified. One who had been classified as a mechanic was asked what branch of mechanics he followed. He said that for some years he had tightened the twenty-sixth bolt on the Ford automo- bile! There are an amazing number of such overspecialized mechanics in the United States. When the period of unemploy- | ment came they were completely at a loss. They knew but one narrow ta: They were not jacks of all trades could not qualify as odd-job men a tide themselves over the hard times. Thousands Have Never Held Jobs. But now the situation has become tre- mendously aggravated. There are hun- dreds of thousands of youths who have never even learned to tighten the twenty-sixth bolt on any automobile, have never learned any kind of job at | all—save that some. perhaps, have ac- quired a bit of skill in raking leaves. But that, like picking blackberries, is seasonal work. It immediately occurs that a high school or college graduate. if he paid | any attention to his studies, must be | equipped for some sort of a job. That | is theoretically true, according to per- sonnel managers, and practically true in many cases. But it also is the observa- tion of employment managers that un- less what has been learned is very soon applied, the knowledge becomes rusty and, if unemployment be prolonged, use- less. A large part of the value of a lad, fresh from high school or college, is his enthusiasm. his eagerness to win his spurs. If he finds himself in an inhospitable work-world, little by little his confidence in himself wanes and. unless a person of exceptional stamina. the chances are that. by the time he is 25 or 26 years old, he will be virtually | unemployable. The Secretary of Labor recently fur- nished to Congress some illuminating figures on the situation. This report showed that a house-to-house canvass conducted by representatives of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics in three industrial cities, revealed that 34 out of every 100 unemployed persons were between the ages of 16 and 24. This compares with a figure of 21 out of every 100 unemployed for all age groups. This comparison shows with what special weight the unemployment is pressing upon the youth of the country. There are many complications. Many of the high school graduates, seek work would, in more prosperous times have been out of the labor market because their parents would have been financially able to send them to college. Enforced Idleness Demoralizing, The Secretary of Labor reported on the applications for jobs at the agencies of the United States Employment Serv- ice in the month of January, 1935. The figures are worth marking as revealing the handicap of the young. In the age group between 18 and 29 years there were, in that single month, 140,642 appli- cations for jobs. In the group 30 to 39 years there were 67,109 applications. In the group from 40 to 49 years there | were 50923 applications. In the group over 49 years there were 38725 appli- cations. Some specific findings of the Bureau of Labor Statistics are noteworthy. A study in Milwaukee showed that 75 per cent of both boys and girls, gradu- ated from nine high schools, were unable to find jobs for six months. It has been reported from a Massachusetts school, which kept track of its graduates, that at the end of a year, after going out into the world, not one had found a job. The Department of Labor finds that the period of unemployment has, to some extent, favored older workers. It has been said in the past that the man over 40 had no place in industry. While there has not been a complete reversal, the unemployment period seems to have favored these older men. ' There is a good deal of humanity left in the world, despite the pessimists, and Gov- ernment investigators find that often employers give preference to men with families to support rather than to un- married youngsters with no heavy re- sponsibilities. The President and other Federal offi- cials bent on bettering the conditions and opportunities of the youth of America have had before them the vast tragedy of Russia after the Red Revo- lution of 1917. A generation of chil- dren grew into young man and woman- hood in what has been described by some observers as practically a wild state. In the days of the red terror and the famine, children, some only 5 or 6 years old, organized bands which ma- rauded in the cities and through the countryside, pillaging and not stopping at murder—the juvenile apaches of the terror. Untrained, undisciplined, they became one of the greatest problems of the Soviet Union when some vestige of order and organization was effected. That situaton is not expected to occur here, but it is the fact that there are thousands of young men and women in America who never have had a job and who, in their formative years, are be- coming accustomed to enforced idieness. [ v