Evening Star Newspaper, July 14, 1935, Page 24

SPIRAL NEBULAE CREATION SECRET Man May Solve Origin in Discovering Cause of Pinwheel Light. BY HOWARD W. BLAKESLEE, Associated Press Science Editor. NEW YORK, July 13.—In the spiral nebulae, like the new one just dis- covered at Harvard which is so close by that it looks as big as the moon, lies one of man’'s hopes of some day discovering the origin of creation. If he can ever figure out the cause of the shape of these spirals—objects which resemble pinwheels of light— he will be a long way on the road to understanding the forces which brought creation into being. If & nickel pinwheel were lighted on two sides, so that it spouted sparks from two points on its circumference, that would be an almost perfect pic- ture of the structure of a spiral nebula. Two arms of light, streaming off in circular paths that wrap them- selves around a center which is a glowing mass of light—describes the spiral nebula. The reason why this shape is so intriguing is that there is probably nothing in the entire heavens except spiral nebulae. Every aggregation of stars, it is beginning to appear, is a spiral. Milky Way Spiral. Evidence is piling up even that the milky way to which earth and the sun belong, is only another spiral nebula. To us on earth it is a col- lection of countless individual stars. But seen from the distances at which the other star collections lie, our part of the universe would be just another small pinwheel. It was 200 years astronomer Herschel first of these nebulae. He didn't call it that—but named it ar. “island uni- verse,” a vast star collection incredibly remote from our own sector of space. Today about 2,000,600 of these “universes” have been counted with the aid of telescopes. They lie in all directions from earth, at all distances up to more than 100,000,000 light years. Just now the new estimate is that the 200-inch telescope when com- pleted will reveal 16,600,000 of them. Herschel did not call his “island universe” a spiral nebula because it didn't look like one. Nor do many of them look like the glowing pin- wheels they probably are. This is because some are seen edge on and others at every possible angle. Furthermore, some seem to be pin- wheels just about to form, others old whirls which have been spinning their long arms of fire for countless ages. Difficult to Understand. This is another reason for think- ing that solution of their universal principle of spin may help to under- stand their origin. They lie out in space, apparently an open book, tell- ing the story of creation’s evolution, every step in it. The trouble is to read the print. Larger telescopes will help. It is be- lieved now that most of these spirals, which look like mere nebulous masses of light, are actually collections of individual stars, as widely spaced as those in our own part of the sky. The newer shapes—pin wheels about to form—may be something dif- ferent. The telescopes may sometime reveal what they are. Those in the beginning stage are round masses of light—shaped like a jellyfish. They are believed at pres- ent to be merely masses of glowing gas. Such a nebula is EO.NGC 3379. That is how most of them are named, by symbols, testifying to the over- whelming immensity of their num- bers. “The second step—shown clearly by others—is swelling of the central mass of light. Third—it elongates—takes the form of a platter. Fourth—the spirals show up, shooting out from the ends of the platter. Finally the thing winds up into a true whirlpool of stars. There is rea- son to believe that each one of these —certainly in its later stages of evo- lution—is composed of from 2,000,- 000,000 to 100,000,000,000 individual stars. That is shown by the closer spirals. The nearest is only 90,000 light years away. Once it looked'like a big spiral. Lately the larger telescopes have “re- solved” this spiral—M 31 in Andro- meda—into a huge collection of stars. Forming of Spiral. These stars are strung out to form the spiral—the same spiral as all the spiral nebulae. It is guesswork to say that our own milky way is a spiral nebula, for earth is a part of it, and we are too close to see. But there is one piece of startling evidence. That is the proven whirling motion of the whole milky way. It is spinning round its center with its outer edges traveling at something like 180 miles a second. It takes several hundred million years to make one revolution. In that whirl the earth lies about two-thirds of the distance out toward the rim. The distant spirals seen edge on show unquestionably that most of the spirals are fairly flat, like wheels with extra bulky hubs. There are reasons for believing that the milky way is such a disc-shaped collection of stars. Although much remains to be proved yet as to whether all the big star col- lections are spiral nebulae, there is enough to show that this shape and ‘whirling, is the most universal princi- ple of motion in sight of present tele- . §copes. ago that the discovered the —_— MEMBERS REQUESTED BY BOYS’ CLUB BAND 100 by September 2, When Unit Will March in Labor Day Parade, Is Sought. In an effort to reach a membership of 100 by September 2, at which time they will march in the Labor day parade, the Boys’ Club of Metropoli- tan Police Band has asked young musicians’ to join the club. Member- ship is open to all boys in the District. The orchestra, under direction of Clinton J. Brown, is composed of 67 boys, all members of the club. The band rooms are at No. 4 precinct sta- tion, 472 I street southwest. Appli- cations may be obtained at any of the Police Boys’ Clubs. The Boys' Club camp at Camp Ritchie, Md., will open July 22 and will last through September, it was announced yesterday. The police will be host to 200 boys a week during the campaign period. Applications for the camp can be obtained at any of the club rooms. A 196-Story | By the Associated Press. ST. LOUIS, July 13.—Now comes Architect Henri Rusch, who proposes & 196-story “world industrial mart” rising 2.000 feet into the heavens as a panacea for planet. The former St. Louis city engineer | would have the Federal Government | build & colossal city under one roof, covering four city blocks and con- taining all industrial, commercial and residential facilities. Built at a cost of $233,000,000, the structure would accommodate 250,000 persons, Rusch said. He describes it as “a world mart in which would be sold everything the world produces, housed in a building of colossal pro- | portions which in itself would attract the traveling visitors of other coun- {mui’ The “international clearing | house” in theory would revise ailing world trade. Has Drawings All Ready. Rusch, a 67-year-old gray-haired Dutchman who came here during the World’s Fair of 1904 after pioneering in the art of reinfercing concrete de- veloped in the Transvaal, spread out neat and elaborate drawings—draw- ings he plans to present to President Roosevelt in the hope of getting Fed- eral, support of his architectural dream. “For three years I have worked on these plans night and day,” he de- clared. “Not for myself, you under- stand. I will give the plans to the Government for nothing. It is my contribution to a troubled world. “Impossible to build? Don't be foolish,” he countered, taking from his files a formidable sheaf of cal- culations, statistics—stress and strain data proving the incredible structure an engineering feat avithin the scope of reality. Would Have 126 Elevators. Shelled in white glazed terra cotta, the structure would have a steel skeleton encased in reinforced con- crete, he said, and would be com- pletely air conditioned. One hundred and twenty-six ele- vators and 72 freight lifts would shut- tle the heaven and earthbound traffic. In fancy we enter an elevator. Up we go through 19 floors devoted to a world mart where foreign and domestic manufacturers exhibit their products. The air is getting thinner, but the trade is heavier in the next 37 levels used for commercial and industrial enterprises. Relax, if you can, as you inspect three stories laden with recreational facilities—and catch the sparkling whiteness of a 4,000-bed hospital on the next floor, University Uses Four Floors. Is your apartment among those from the 76th to the 166th floor— or can't you remember? Oh well, anyway, let’s get a bite to eat in the restaurant seating 6,000 at the 167th- floor level and drop to the university on the next four floors. Or better yet, operator, take us to the air travel station at 193 and we'll board a dirigible—moored by a huge magnet into a cup-shaped dome— Reg. $3.50 Valspar Floor and Deck $2.9° Paint, Gal. $340 Valspar Inte- Reg. $2.40 rior White Enamel, Gal. Reg. 95¢ Valspar Auto Top Dressing, this depression-hit | TWO WEEKS ONLY! July 15th through July 27th! Reduced Prices on World LSPAR _FINISHES THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C, JULY 14, 1935—PART ONE. Engineer Would Sell World’s Produce in One Structure, End Depression. Here is a photo of a model of a “world industrial mart,” designed by Henri Rusch, 67-year-old architect, who believes construction of the 196-story building would restore the lost prosperity of the world. —A. P. Photo. | way up here with the ozone on the | topmost—the 196th level—all out! We return with buzzing ears via | elevators and escalator to the under- | ground floors surface. There’s & choice of train, | automobile, street car or bus through subterranean tunnels reaching ground | level at a distance of three to eight | blocks from the building. Incidentally, Architect Rusch has a patent on the building. Earthquakes No Danger. We emerge through a 20-foot con- crete mat, entirely surrounding the ing possibility of destruction by earthquakes. We walk out on a tree-studded | plaza covering 36 square blocks and turn to behold the eighth wonder of the world that took 100,000 men four years to build—but, whoa! Where's our Jules Vernian structure? It isn't | there? Did somebody say Congress ! wouldn't appropriate the money? . Bingo Party Planned. CAPITOL HEIGHTS, Md., July 13 (Special) —The Ladies Auxiliary of the Capitol Heights Volunteer Fire Department will give a bingo party Friday night in the fire house, with Mrs. Sarah Beavers in charge. Woman’s Cornea, Grafted, Restores Sight to Boy’s Eye Bandages Removed After He Stays in Darkness for 17 Days. By the Associated Press. CHICAGO, July 13.—The grafting of a cornea from a woman’s right eye to the left eye of Stanley May, 14, of Independence, Mo., was pronounced a success today by physicians at Pas- savant Memorial Hospital. ‘The bandages were removed after Stanley had been in total darkness for 17 days and the graft was found to have healed perfectly, the doctors be perfectly clear. The cornea was furnished by & woman, who was not identified, from whom it was necessary to remove the eye because of & tumor growth which did not affect the cornea. Physicians said young May, who lost the sight of his eye five years ago when he fell on a reed while chasing a base ball, would be able to leave the hospital in a few days. Dr. Irving 8. Cutter, in charge of the hospital, said that some times the grafts do not remain clear and later ‘become slightly opaque. Similar opera- tions have been performed in other cases, he sald, with varying success. The boy’s father, William H. May, lumber and coal dealer, said he would come to Chicago next week to take him home. Reg. $3.00 Valspar 3- Hour Spar Varnish, Gal Reg. $3.25 Valspar Semi- Gloss, Gal. $2-40 $2.75 PINT. 47c 75 feet beneath the | tunnel idea—it prevents traffic con- | gestion adjacent to the mammoth | four-block square building, preclud- | said. The youth's sight was said to| ASSURED LIBERTY Byrd Outlines Aims for U. of M.—Educational Stand- ards “First.” By a Staff Correspondent of The Star. COLLEGE PARK, Md, July 13.— Student editors at the University of | Maryland today were relieved of fear that censorship would be imposed next Fall. A “free press” is one of the aims of H. C. Byrd, who took over the duties of acting president of the University this week. Other objectives of the new execu- tive include maintenance of the high- est possible educational standards, im- proving the library, bolstering the in- dustrial chemistry department, co- operating with other colleges in the State and giving the university a “conservative” administration. Students Approve. As the acting president outlined his policies today, student leaders ex- pressed approval of the regent's selec- tion of Mr. Byrd as acting president | and described him as one who might well fill the office of permanent presi- dent. Outlining his policy regarding stu- | dent publications, Mr. Byrd said: “There will be no censorship ot | | student publications and no effort to | stifie comment on my administration. “I expect to appoint a facuity- student publications committee, which should function as an educational | group. There will be more students | than faculty members on the commit- | tee. It may include editors of the | three student publications, the presi- | dent of the Student Government Association and faculty members. “Its chief task will be to tell the publications staff what they should, | | rather than what they should not do. | | What I want brought into our student | paper is spirit of The Star, a spirit | ot loyalty, consideration and fairness | for all. | Students Come First. In a general discussion of his poli- | cles, the acting president said his| | first thought will be to develop and | | maintain the highest possible educa- | tional standards at the university. The aim of the university, he said, should be to help students find their proper places in life and to fill them | to the satisfaction of themselves and others. He voiced the theory that it is just as important for institutions of higher learning to produce intelli- | gent followers as it is to produce leaders. | Mr. Byrd said his initial effort in raising the standards of the university would be directed toward improving its work in the humanities. The sociology department will endeavor | to give good training in welfare work, | teaching the importance of co-opera-| tion between various agencies. Plans | for changes in this department will be under way before September, the | acting president declared. | He also announced he intends to separate history and political science instruction. The history department, he said, is headed by an exceptionally good man in Dr. Baker-Crothers, author of text books used in about 30 colleges. Will Build Library. Pointing to the importance of a good library to supplement class in- struction, Mr. Byrd asserted the pres- ent university library would be strengthened. He also disclosed plans to bolster the industrial chemistry department. Federal Government agencies, he said, being brought to| the campus—notably the research laboratories of the Bureau of Fisheries THOMPSON BROS. Anacostia, D. C. o Porch Rockers With Arms, Soft Seat and Back. Start- s1.7o ® Beach Chairs AsLow As......70c ® Beach Chairs with Canopy, Foot Rest sz.oo and Arms. LAWN MOWERS Ball pearine- 3575 4, @ Children’s Teeter- & 31-75 Totte S Table and 4 Chairs_with g Seats, 5 pieces. S) St at ® Hammocks, 90c Up Electric Fans as Low as —__ Complete Line of Beds and Bedding THOMPSON —BROTHERS— FURNITURE 1220-26 Good Hope Rd. S.E. Free Parking in Rear of Building Free Delivery to Your Summer Cotf zdcH LT and the Bureau of Mines, should greatly aid the departments of indus- trial chemistry and zoology. Admitting a tendency toward “con- servatism,” Mr. Byrd said that to reach its highest usefulness, “adminis- tration must be the servant.” It was Mr. Byrd who devised the present organization which functions at College Park, after originating the idea of consolidation of the old Mary- land State College and the University of Maryland, personally fighting the legislative battle needed to accomplish that objective. This consolidation, his friends say, is the greatest of the many outstand- ing things Mr. Byrd has done for the | university in 23 years’ service there. Personally, the new acting president Jooks upon his task here as a life| work. Disclaiming any ambition to| be Governor of Maryland, he said his' service to the State must be meas- ured by his echievements st the university. GAMING BAN EASED ON BALL MACHINES Device Approved if Players Do Not Gamble or Prize Omitted by Store. By a Staff Correspondent of The Star. ROCKVILLE, Md., July 13.—En- forcement of Montgomery County's anti-gambling law banning operation of petty gaming devices does not ex- clude the use of ball machines, the most popular of these games, if they are played solely for amusement, State’s Attorney James Pugh said today. In a written statement to Police Chief J. William Garrett, who is con- ducting the enforcement drive, Pugh directed him to notify all members of the force that operators and play- ers of these machines are not sub- ject to arrest unless a prize is given the player or unless the players gam- ble among themselves. Pugh's action followed complaints from scores of merchants that the police were forcing them to remove these machines even though they were not being used for gambling purposes. Coffee Output Soars. Coffee production in Cuba in the| last year broke all records. Moon Eclipse Tomorrow Earth to Interpose Between Sun and Smaller Satellite. ‘This diagram shows what will happen during the total eclipse of the moon tomorrow night. Because of light rays bent by the atmos- BY HOWARD W. BLAKESLEE, Associated Press Sclence Editor. HE Western Hemisphere sees a total eclipse of the moon to- morrow night. For the United States the ecl'pse begins at 9:14 pm. and ends at 2:43 am. ‘The real total eclipse lasts from 11:09 p.m. until 12:49 a.m.—an hour and 40 minutes, During this time it may be possible to see the moon faintly where the sky is very clear. The faint illumi- nation then will come from rays of the sun which are bent—that is, refracted inward as they pass through Shop at_the Georee’s Home Near Your Open EV g16 F Street N.W. 201 2139-41 Pa. pISTRICT 1 Ave.NW 900, . CLOUDS AT THIS POINT MAY MAKE MOON WHOLLY INVISIBLE . phere at the earth's edge, the moon will be slightly visible even in total shadow unless clouds in- terfere with this refracted light. the earth’s atmosphere in the sunrise and sunset belts that border the night. It will be sunset over Russia and !sunrm over Hawaii during the total ’ecllpst If those parts of the world happen to be cloudy, the refracted rays will be interfered with and the moon may be completely obscured during mid-totality, when it is in the center of the earth’s snadow. This shadow is double. It is an | inner well of total lack of sunlight | the umbra, surrouaded by the i penumbra, a concentric ring of par- tial earth shadow. | The umbra is almost exactly three times the diameter of the moon. The penumbra is an outer shadow ring about the moon’s diameter. The moon will touch the penum- bra first at 9:14 pm. and be com- pletely in it at 10:12. At that time it should be a bronze disc. Again at 1:46 am. it will e completely in the penumbra after passing out of the total shadow. In this eclipse the moon passes | very nearly through the center of the umbra. Its course is slightly north of the dead center of blackness. 'ROCK CREEK BRIDGE PLANS ARE REVISED | Low-Level Span to Carry Sewer | as Part of New Con- struction. Plans for the low-level bridge across Rock Creek, upstream of P street, in the Rock Creek and Potomac Parkway, were revised yesterday, to carry the | intercepter storm water and sanitary | sewer, as part of the new construction. Frank T. Gartside, acting superin- | tendent of the National Capital Parks, | said that the revised plans have been | approved by the park authorities and | sent to the Bureau of Public Roads of the Agriculture Department, which will supervise the work for the Fed- | eral Government. Now that the Dis- | trict government has nearly completed | construction of the high-level bridge | at P street, spanning Rock Creek Val- | ley, the work on the bridge nearby will | proceed uninterruptedly, authorities declared J. A. La Porte of New York has been given a contract for $94,000 to build the span and under the program an- | nounced by the Bureau of Public | Roads 180 days will be given for its | completion. The structure will cross Rock Creek at an angle, upstream from the high-level bridge at P street. It will be a two-span bridge, built of concrete, with stone facing. Due to the revision in plans, officials believe that the contractor will be given a compensating time for the work on the sewer job, which will be molded into the park structure, 50 as not to be obtrusive. e | Church Unity Failure. | Efforts to unite the Church of Ire- | 1and and the Presbyterian Church in the Irish Free State have failed. 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