Evening Star Newspaper, March 24, 1935, Page 2

U. 5. INTENSIFIES SOIL EROSION WAR Havoc of Wind and Water| Attacked on Many Fronts. BY JOHN C. HENRY. What a Dust Glad to Escape Th For the profits of a past genera- tion of wheat growers, residents of | the Midwest today are paying in terms of human suffering and destruction | of live stock, crops and property. And ‘before these profits are entirely bal- | anced an entire nation will pay—in | recall experiencing anything as bad | higher food prices and in tax reve- | as the current storms, but many ol' nue to support a gigantic Federal war against soil erosion. Twenty-five years ago the millions of acres now swept by devastating | dust storms were carpeted by buffalo | grass, used for grazing lands. Then came the war and nations called for wheat; farmers of the Midwest leaped | at the chance for profits and patriot- | ism, the buffalo grass vanished and was replaced by mile after mile of | grain. Gradually, however, the crops | have grown less bountiful during the past years and recent seasons of sub- normal moisture have left the unpro- | tected soil dry and powdery, victim of | the winds. Recognition of this development was # long time coming from scientists and local and Federal officials. It has arrived, however, and prospects to- Mday are that the fight against soil erosion—by wind in the Southwest | pnd Midwest and by water in many “other parts of the country—is destined “to become a major function of the “United States Department of Agri- Zeulture. | : e s | Soil Erosion Service. Eighteen months ago a soil erosion | service was established in the Depart- ment of Interfor. Hitting at the prob- | lem in what they believed the most practical manner, the new bureau took | steps to establish about 40 great test- ing areas for the application of vari- ous erosion control projects. Three of these. located in the belt now af- fected, concern themselves solely with wind erosion At Dalhart, Tex, 41 farm owners have entered into contracts with the Government to follow advice of erosion | service officials in use of their 26, acres. Of this acreage, 21,954 acres already have been placed under treat- ment. Crop rotation in an order pre- scribed by the Government repre- gentatives is planned for 22.000 acres, terraces 207 miles in total length al- ready have been constructed over 16.264 acres. Strip cropping is plan- | ned for 19,679 of the acres and 25,000 trees soon are to be planted through the area Committing themselves definitely to no single manner of fighting the wind Frosion, the bureau officials are test- @ng five principal methods. They fol- W 1 * Utilization of erosion-resisting crop residues. Strip cropping is plan- | have had to stop until it clelred suf- | one ol mou birda in Nebrlskl > ed. in which erosion-resisting and =non-resisting crops are planted in alternate strips. Winter and Sum- <mer crops also are alternated in strips. "Var.t‘ux tvpes of stubble and x\end< left unburned. disposition delayed until a new crop seuon‘ Overgrazing is guarded against. Moisture Conservation. 2. Moisture conservation for con- tinuance of vegetation. Terracing ! and contour tillage, both practices | serving to raise windbreaks, as wel ll' as helping catch and conserve mois- | ture. | i ONGRESSIONAL and their office workers from the Midwest are giving thanks | these days that they are not shaking the dust from their | clothes in the areas now being swept by.dust storms. In no case do they them cite experiences with a milder \lnetY “I remember one storm that lasted | three days,” Represenuuve Guyer of | Kansas said, “but none that lasted | a week, like the present one. I was burning some stalks when it first | came up, and the wind picked them | up in bundles and whipped them |around. Then the dust made it so dark that about all I could see were the sparks and the blaze from the stalks. I never worked harder than I did then, because if those things had gotten completely away, the whole prairie might have burned up. “If the buffalo grass that used to grow through that section had been allowed to continue growing. these storms would not have occurred. Na- | ture laid a carpet of that grass to hold the soil. It was the best grazing in the world, but the farmers plowed it up and planted wheat. Cultivation “a Mistake.” “It has all been a mistake. a dou- ble one in that the wheat raised created the surplus that has plagued | the farmers ever since and the cul-, tivation left the land like a huge ash | pile—nature’s revenge for disobeying her plans for use of the land.” In the office of Representative Hope of Kansas, his secretary, George Raid. told of being caught in a dust storm while motoring near Garden City. “I saw it forming—they don’t come up in a minute—but I kept on going. Finally the dust became so thick that I couldn't see the road. I stopped the car and just waited. I don't be- lieve anybody would have suffocated | 'in that one, but you couldn't move much for a few hours, and very disagreeable. “Last year, after a storm State, we got papers here from Kansas with the dust the folds.” Hope Recalls Storm. Representative Hope recalled less severe storms: “Dust storms of a mild nature are a common occurrence out there. never have considered any particular in the still in hazard attached to them, but they | have been a serious inconvenience to business and farming. I've been caught in them while driving and DANS CONTINUED . ONCOTTON CROPS Wallace Denies Processing Taxes Will Be Lifted on gressional Delegates and Workers. delegatessd | it was| mailed | We | THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON, D, C. Storm Is Like em Here, Say Con- | RFPREGE\‘I‘ATH E GUYE ficiently to allow clear vision. Cars often show up after these storms ‘\\llh their windshields pitted by sand. They seem to be getting worse.” | C. W. Hamilton, secretary to| Representative Carlson, also of Kan- | sas. and publisher of a weekly news- paper in Stockton, said he never had encountered a storm as severe as the recent one, but that he was getting | some interesting reports from his' office. “The society editor wrote me she | took nine pans of dirt out of my edi- torial office the other day,” he said. | “She sent & boy for a pail of water | about 75 feet from the building. By | the time he got back the water was | mud. I'm glad I'm not there.” Over on the Senate side of the | Capitol, Homer H. Gruenther, secre- tary to Senator Burke, Democrat, of | Nebraska, says the people in Wash- ington haven't seen anything until they have seen a real dust storm. g Crops Blewn Out of Ground. “I've seen the crops blown right out | of the ground, then the soil blown along with them.” he said. *“And I've | | seen chickens blown away. | | “The dust penetrates any kind of a building, and one like that, the { Union Station, with all its openings, | would be turned into a pile of dirt. You wouldn't know whether you were | Inside or out after one of those storms | passed through fit. | “They have some good effect. The | | soft dirt they leave makes it easy to | track rabbits. I've often seen hunt- | j ers out after a dust storm. And they blow the grasshoppers and other in- | | sect pests right out of the State. | They would clear up the starling | trouble in Washington. I never saw | VICTORY IS SEEN FORWAGNER BILL Accelerated A. F. of L. Back- ing of N. R. A. Reported WALLACE TO FIGHT FUND BILL RIDER Will Ask Senate Group to Delete Ban on Depart- ment Books. Secretary of Agriculture Wallace tomorrow will go before the Senate Appropriations Committee in an ef- fort to prevent “three Kansas flour millers” from getting through a rider to the agriculture appropriation bill which would stop the issue of educa- tional literature on foodstuffs through the Bureau of Home Economics and other bureaus of the Department of Agriculture. Wallace's plan was an- nounced officially at the Agriculture Department yesterday. ‘The rider is reported to have been tacked onto the appropriations bill at the insistence of a representative of three Kansas floug milling com- panies. It would, in ffect, prevent the publication of educational litera- ture on foodstuffs by the department. Several organizations, including the American Home Economics Associa- tion, the League of Women Voters and the Federation of Women’s Clubs have asked to be heard when the hearing on the bill and its rider opens tomor- row morning. Rider Denies Funds. The rider provides “that no part of the funds appropriated by this act shall be used for the payment of the salary of any officer or em- ploye of the Department of Agricul- ture * * * who issues or causes to | be issued or to be made public any statement, oral or written, which advocates reduced consumption of, or which asserts that it is harmful or undesirable to use, any wholesome agricultural food commodity or any manufacture thereof. * * It is contended by these groups, as well as officials of the department, that this rider would prevent circula- tion of educational literature on diets. They point out hundreds of persons die from pellagra in the South each | vear and that pellagra is caused by eating an over-abundance of cora, molasses and pork. If the rider is passed with the bill, neither the Bu- | reau of Home Economics nor any other agency being paid for out of the appropriation of the department could advise against this unhezlthy ! diet, without fear of wiping cut the entire function of the bureau. Several prominent dieticians, who were quoted before the House Com- mittee on Appropriations, also will appear before the Senate committee | tomorrow to give their opinions of | the rider, it was said. Among these will be Dr. E. V. Mc- | Collum, professor of chemical hygiene, | Johns Hopkins University. The Amer- | ican Home Economics Association of- ficials claim that Dr. McCollum will deny that he favored the rider, as was represented to the committee in| the House. Circular Started Row. Where the whole bone of contention was originally dug up was in a circu- lar issued by the Bureau of Home Eco- nomics in which four diets were ad- vocated. The representative of the millers claimed this circular was detri- mental to the flour and wheat indus- try. He claimed that through such literature, the department was cutting the consumption of wheat and wheat products. Officials of the bureau claim that the balanced diet as advocated in the circular would actually increase | Prosecutor MARCH 924, 1935-PART ONE. President Furthers Philippine Independence President Roosevelt shown in his office when he approved the recently drafted Philippine constitution. The approval brought Philippine independence another step closer. Roosevelt and Manuel Quezon, President of the Philippine Senate. This is the last act necessary by the United States for the establishment of home-rule government in Manila on November 15. i Left to right, seated: Secretary Dern, President B -A P Pho(o OHI0 RELIEF DATA HELD DENIED JURY Hoskins Adds Statement to Series on Political “Shakedown.” By the Associated Press COLUMBUS, Ohio, March 23.— Donald J. Hoskins, Franklin County (Columbus) prosecutor, charged today that representatives of Federal Relief Administration appear to have made | “a studied effort” to withhold infor- mation he -eeks for a grand jury in- vestigation of the administration of Ohio relief. Hoskins' statement was the latest in a long series following Federal Relief Harry L. Hopkins' charges of & politi- cal “shaksdown"” of business firms do- ing business with the Ohio Relief Administration The “shakedown,” ministrator asserted, was in connec- | tion with solicitation of funds m ply | off a deficit in Gov. Martin L. | election campaign and to help pl) the unofficially estimated $20,000 cost of the Governor's inaugural. Affidavit Made Public. e | Hoskins' statement came after C. ‘ C. Stillman, Ohio Federal relief ld ministrator, mace public an affidavil detailing a former relief hay buyenl | the Federal ad- ; Body Recovered DR. GEORGE H. BIGELOW. BODY OF MISSING PHYSICIAN FOUND Dr. in Reservoir, Hunted George H. Bigelow, Dead | SALES TAX DEBATE, RAGES INTO NIGHT Maryland Senate Receives Bill on Unfavorable Report. BULLETIN. ANNAPOLIS, Md., March 24 (Sunday).—Opponents of the sales tax scored another victory at 2:25 a.m. today when the Senate adopt- ed its Finance Committee's un- favorable Teport on the Gorfine bill. A short time before a motion to substitute the bill for the un- favorable report was defeated. 47 to 11. Adoption of the report does not definitely kill the measure, however, as the rules permit it to be reconsidered within two days. By a Staff Correspondent of The Star. | day).—A Dbitter debate on the 2 per |cent sales tax was raging in the State Senate early today, with the prospect that it might continue for hours. The measure, already passed by the House. was brought before the Sen- ate shortly before 11 o'clock last night with an -unfavorable report |from the Pinance Committee and the opposition forces immediately went into action against it on the floor. ANNAPOLIS, Md., March 24 (Sun- | PRESIDENT SIGNS PHILIPPINE BILL Islands Delegation and Sec- retaries Hull and Dern Witness Ceremony. By the Associated Press. Surrounded by beaming Pilipinos, President Roosevelt yesterday signed the document which provides for home rule for the far-away islands in the 10-year period that must elapse before complete independence becomes effective. With members of the Philippine delegation and Secretaries Hull and Dern looking on, Mr. Roosevelt ap- proved in the cabinet room at the White House the constitution, which goes far toward carrying out the promise of freedom for the isiands, made 37 years ago. . The President laid down his pen to warmly congratulate Manuel L. Quezon, stanch champion of inde- pendence, and other Filipinos. But he explained in carefully chosen words that while the islands will largely control their own affairs during the transitory period, the United States retains a good bit of authority. Election to Be Set. Gov. Gen. Frank Murphy, another witness of the ceremonies, immediately cabled Manila to call a special legis- lative session within 10 days to set the date for the election at which the Pilipinos will vote on acceptance of the constitution. “In the event of ratification of the constitution,” President Roosevelt told those who witnessed the formalitles, “the authority granted to the com- mcawealth government will permit exercise by the Filipino people of general control, subject only to a few important exceptions, of their local affairs. “During the period of the common- wealth, there will remain with the Government of the United States authority commensurate with and necessary for or appropriate to the ul- timate responsibilities of sovereignty.” Until complete independence, the United States will see to the defense and foreign relations of the common- wealth government, and reserves the right to take over the customs in case the Philippines fall behind in debt service. Passed Year Ago. ‘The measure to grant the Philippines independence passed in March, 1934 Complaints by farm interests that Filipino products competed with American commodities were a factor in getting the measure through Con- gress. The commonwealth government will be set up November 15, and it is to be succeeded July 4, 1946, by the Philippine republic Unmentioned but definitely in the background was the possibility that Japanese penetration might in time be a threat to Philippine independence and also that the islanders themselves might ask that the period prior to complete independence be extended e RETIRED U. S. WORKER DIES AT LEWES BEACH James J. Kemp Was Former Ex- aminer of Civil Service the present consumption of cereals, including wheat It was pointed out at the depart- The debate was on the motion of Senator J. David Baile. Carroll County | efforts ‘o raise $3,000 toward the cutl | Republican and minority floor leader, | of the inaugural ana to heip his sus- | pended superior fulfill a promise to| Commission. Bread, Meat, Clothes. 2 3. Emergency cover crops. Sorghum | & Zod. although a few other crops mm. as Havmg Effect. Four Months. »is the principal reccurse in this meth- “do not refuire moisture are adaptable. | 4. Windbreak tree plantings. This Jncthod is practiced only where there s sufficient water available to give Fome assurance that the trees will live. = 5. Tillage operations when no vege- Sative cover can be acquired. Most rcommon of these is a surface tillage by which the land is ridged at right | angles to the prevailing winds. A second form clods the surface, the woughening thus making it less sus- «ceptible to wind damage, while a third dorm is a deep tillage that brings up sheavy subsurface soil With only six months of actual op- serating experience behind them, offi- Pials of the service have formed .o conclusions as to the comparative | Pflectiveness of these methods, guiding | “their procedure thus far by conditions %n_ different areas. % More recently established testing Jprojects are at Colorado Springs, | Colo.. where about 100,000 acres were amarked for experimentation early this | vear. At Huron, S. Dak. an even| arger tract of 142,000 acres is being | ’)rnught under supervision of the service, Insistent that the prublem is a long- time one, officials of the service never- theless are forced to advise what tem- | porary steps they believe practicable in the present emergency Storms Occur D: F. L. Duley. regional director at Kansas, wired the following report to the bureau yesterday: Dust storms, almost daily ocurrence In Western Kansas, will probably con- tinue until rain comes. Nothing but rain and growth of Spring vegetuuon; will solve trouble. Our program is | having beneficial effect. Listing and | cultivating soil is greatly retarding blowing where used. We are putting | on campaign to increase this work. | Terracing appears to be beneficial | when combined with proper tillage. | Newly terraced land not blowing much. ‘This country more barren of vegeta- tion than ever in history. Whenever we are able to get our vegetative pro- gram under way wind erosion will be greatly reduced. Wheat prospects 60 per cent normal about two weeks ago, now only about 25 per cent. Rain- fall since January 1 is 44 per cent normal.” Here in Washington H. H. Bennett, director of the soil erosion service, looks with considerable alarm upon the storms, “The significance is appalling,” he said. “It means our conquest of America has been achieved at reck- less cost in land resources. We have dealt heedlessly with our land, looking upon erosion by wind and water as an act of nature over which man has no control. We know definitely that these storms are taking place because of land misuse and failure to provide adequate protection of cultivated areas in the country west of the Mississippi. “About 15 to 30 years of cultivation 'were required to make the soil of this region susceptible to rapid blowing into the high passageways of the wind. In the section around Dalhart we found many fields where 16 inches of soil and subsoil have been blown away in the past 18 months. Once started, wind erosion proceeds even faster than water erosion, which already has destroyed 100,000,000 acres of for- merly cultivated land in this country. Losses Too Heavy. “Of course, no business or no nation can withstand such losses.” And while -this bureau, working thus far only on P. W. A. funds, presses its efforts, the Weather Bu- reau, the Forest Service, the Bureau ‘of Agrienltural Engineering and the A By the Associated Press. The South was told yesterday by | Secretary Wallace that cotton loans would be continued on the 1935 crops, although whether at the present 12-cent-per-pound rate re- mained to be revealed. At the same time the Secretary | denied an intimation by Senator George, Democrat, of Georgia, that | processing taxes were to be lifted on | “bread. meat and clothing.” George, after a visit to the White House, had combined the prediction about processing taxes with the as- sertion that he was certain that the President would not permit the price of cotton to fall below the “12-cent | fevel now in effect.” Continuance of Loans. From all indications this forced the Department of Agriculture to announce that it intended to con- tinue the cotton loans, an announce- ment that would not have been made in the ordinary course of events for several months. The 1935 crop does not begin to move to market until late Summer. An accumulating surplus of cotton attributed partly to the present 12- cent loan has reflected itself recently in some of the most precipitate price drops in the stable for years. The cotton experts of the A. A. A. and Department of Agriculture have concentrated on the probiem and ap- parently have decided to continue loans and keep the several million bales now held by the Government off | the market until consumption of the staple both here and abroad increases. Indefinite Extension. Wallace in announcing that loans would be continued this year also said that the 12-cent loans on the 1934 | crop would be extended indefinitely beyond July 31, 1935, their present maturity date. The farmer has been permitted to borrow 12 cents a pound on his cot- ton and the Government takes the loss if the price goes below that figure. Farmers will not pay off the loans unless the price rises sufficiently above 12 cents to permit them to repay the Government and make a profit. HOWE’S DEATH NEAR White House Report Says End Is Only Question of Time. Although all hope for his recovery has been abandoned by his physicians, Col. Louis McHenry Howe, first secre- tary to the President, continued last night to resist a complication of diseases. At the White House, where Presi- dent and Mrs. Roosevelt were keeping close watch over their friend, it was said Mr. Howe's death’ was only a matter of time. Bureau of Chemistry and Soils, all in the Department of Agriculture, have been experimenting and testing vari- ous soils, studying wind movements and other elements in the problem. Under plans announced during the past week all of these agencies, in- cluding the Erosion Service, are to operate in a more co-ordinated man- ner within the it of Agri- culture. With agitation and:the need increasing for more effectivg: control of erosion, new appropriations will be necessary—interest against the profits of the wheat growers: 32 } By the Associated Press. Reports of administration capitu- | lation to American Federation of Labor insistence upon passage of the Wagner labor disputes bill—particu- larly in view of accelerated A. F. of L. backing of the N. R. A.—persisted yesterday despite lack of official verification. Both President Roosevelt and Don- | ald Richberg, one of the principal | figures in the rumored situation, kept silent on how they felt about the | measure to strengthen, interpret and enforce N. R. A's collective bargain- | ing guarantee: But observers regarded as highly significant Wagner's statement he was “very confident” the bill would go through, even though he dis- claimed knowledge of any trade or swap. Opposition Diminished. After two days of employer testi- mony at Senate Labor Committee hearings on the bill, Wagner said the opposition wasn't “anything like it | was last year” and that “a majority of the country’s employers want | peaceful relations with and a square deal for their employes.” The bill would outlaw the com- pany-dominated union, create a per- manent labor relations board with power to carry its decisions to court for enforcement and give the labor organization chosen by a majority of | the employes at a plant the right to speak for all the employes. After a conference with William Green, federation president, and John L. Lewis, scrappy chief of the United Mine Workers, Mr. Roosevelt made Richberg chairman of N. R. A's Governing Board and named Philip Murray, vice president of the Miners’ Union, an additional labor repre- sentative on that board. Understandings Rumored. Unverified rumors were heard in some quarters that, in return, the federation chief agreed to go down the line for new N. R. A. legislation and Lewis agreed to stop gunning for Richberg. The federation had been denounc- ing N. R. A. for failing to give labor the shorter hours, higher wages and equal representation on code au- thorities it wanted. Weeks ago Green told the N. R. A. board the feder- ation was turning to Congress for 30- hour week legislation owing to the N. R. A’s failure to cut code hours sufficiently. Lewis had been calling for Rich- berg’s scalp since the automobile code was renewed February 1 without amendments the federation wanted— particularly removal of the Wolman Auto Labor Board. RESCUE OF KIDNAPED AMERICAN IS SPEEDED U. 8. Consul in Mexico Sent to Arrange Return of Missing Mining Engineer. By the Associated Press. AGUA CALIENTES, Mexico, March 23.—George Shaw, American consul at San Luis Potosi, went to the state of Zacatecas today to attempt to hasten efforts to rescue Mark Fowler, kidnaped American mining engineer. Military or other circles could not confirm reports federal troops had killed six of the band of kidnapers. X ) ment that in the beginning only 2.500 such circulars were printed and that it was felt that this was too many.| After the campaign against the book- let was started by the flour millers’ representative. the department has had to order two additional printings to meet the demand The rider also would seriously affect the whole farm program as planned by Wallace and his aides, it was said Under its provisions, the department could not advise a balanced ‘feeding | of live stock for increased production of milk, eggs. beef and other farm products. Under the present set-up, the farmer is advised to use less grain | and more green food and forage. The diets as outlined and advocated by the bureau, according to officials of the bureau, are based largely upon | the capacity of the human and ani- | mal stomach. They contend that in | order to get a sufficient number of cal- ories—2,850 per person per day—the amount of other foodstuffs is neces- sarily limited. Recommendation Limited. This, however, does not apply in the diet as advocated for about 40 per cent of the population. This diet, which is arranged for persons with lower incomes, would use a preponder- | ance of cereals and cereal products. Balanced between the four diet sched- ules as printed in the circular, the department claims that about 2.500,- 000,000 pounds more of wheat would be used than is now used in the American diet. As the schedule moves into the higher salary brackets, the wheat, or cereal content of the diet is lessened, however, The department, as well as the or- ganizations fighting the passage of | the rider, claims that the representa- tive of the three millers took only | those excerpts from the circular which | would best serve as arguments against the bureau and that he failed to quote other passages which would justify the bureau’s action. It is also claimed that American families now spend 19 per cent of their food money for flour and cereals and the products made from them. If the dietary plans of the bureau ‘were fol- lowed, they claim, 24 per cent of the money spent for food would go Jor cereals and cereal products. Tydings to Sp Soldiers’ bonus legislation, now pending in the Senate after pas- sage of the Patman bill by the House last week, will be discussed by Senator Millard E. Tydings, Democrat, of Maryland, on the National Radio Forum tomorrow at 10:30 p.m. The National Radio Forum is arranged by The Washington Star and is broadcast over the network of the National Broadcasting Co. Senator Tydings, who is a vet- eran of the World War, advocates & compromise bonus bill, which would provide for the issuance of 3 per cent bonds by the Government to ‘replace the- bonus certificates. ‘The Patman bill pmv!du for issu- ance of Treasury notes, greenbacks in an amount estimated at $2,300,- 000,000. Under the compromise spon- sored by Serator Tydings the bonds would be saleable by the veterans or held by them until date of maturity. i | raise $10,000 for the Democratic State Committee. fair in saying we have not co-oper- ated.” He said the delay in providing information requested was unavoidable since clerks had to go through hun- dreds of vouchers to obtain it. The affidavit quoted the former hay buyer. John A. Lee, missing witness for whose arrest Hoskins has issued a capias, as saying the $10,000 was promised by W. P. McNamara, sus- | pended chief of the Surplus Commodi- | ties Division, after employes of the Democratic State headquarters had said: “You boys do this and then | we will see what we can do for you.” ‘The Lee affidavit, Hoskins asserted. | was pertinent to his \nqulry into the “evidence of a crime.” He contended | the afdavit was not forwarded to his office “as it should have been” but | was released to the newspapers. | Missing Since Tuesday. Lee has been missing since Tues- | day. when other affidavits, forwarded | to Prosecutor Hoskins by Administra- tor Hopkins, were published. Lee to- txemer with McNamara and Tom E. | Jones, McNamara’'s assistant as head | of the Surplus Commodities. Division, have been suspended by Stillman pending the outcome of the inquiry. Lee's affidavit asserted that he and McNamara believed that as the result | of McNamara soliciting the $10.000 the Commodities Division chief would be made either the executive director | or assistant director of the State Re- lief Commission. “It was never said definitely they would do it,” Lee said. “They would not take the money and tell us they would do it.” Hoskins dismissed the grand jury today until next week when he said he hoped to have the information he has sought from Stillman's office. | City Index Saves Money. LOUISVILLE, Ky., March 23 (®).— Louisville installed a card index system today to keep track of its automobiles and stop a leak in expenditures. The finance director discovered the city has been paying insurance premiums on 40 automobiles it no longer owns and paying double on two cars it owns. eak in Forum SENATOR “TYDINGS. [} Stillman asserted Hoskins was “un-‘ By tha Associated Press FRAMINGHAM, Mass., March 23— The mysterious disappearance of Dr. . George H. Bigelow. former director of the world-famous Massachusetts Gen- eral Hospital, was solved tonight with the recovery of his body from a reser- voir nearly four months after he van- ished December 3 Two farmhands, their curiosity aroused by an object which had been | bobbing up and down in the water | near their homes for several weeks, drew the body ashore with a weighted Tope. It was identified as that of the 44- year-old physician, prominent socially as well as in his profession, by Dr. M. J. Shaughnessy, medical examiner, who knew Dr. Bigelow when the latter was State commissioner of public health. Had Appeared Aimless. | The body was found by Robert Fleck and Herbert Forst less than a mile from the point at the Fayville reser- voir at which Dr. Bigelow was last | definitely placed after the day he dis- | appeared. At that time employes of the Metropolitan District Commission reported that the physician had wan- dered about aimlessly after identifying himself to them. For months the State police had car- ried on an extraordinarily intensive search for the tall, brisk, outspoken physician, who years after his gradu- ation from the Harvard Medical School Harvard “crew cut.” He had served overseas in the Army Medical Corps, later studied tropical diseases in Santa Domingo, and done considerable research in pneumonia. Antioch College Post. Subsequently he was appointed di- rector of industrial medicine and hy- glene at Antioch College and then was made health commissioner of Massachusetts. Thousands of circulars were dis- tributed by the State police in an effort to find the missing physician, who was believed to have been a vic- tim of amnesia. Pingerprints of vic- tims of drownings and automobile accidents were checked with Dr. Big- elow’s for many weeks. Meanwhile his family hoped against hope that he would return safely. They lighted candles in the windows at Christmas time and brought pres- ents for him as though he were cer- tain to be on hand. Finally a month ago, directors of the Massachusetts General Hospital gave up all hope that Dr. Bigelow would return and named a successor to him as director. DEFICIT DOES ANNUAL SPRING SHRINKING ACT By the Associated Press. The Treasury deficit u going through its annual sinking spe! For the last 10 days nm installment payments on income taxes have pared it from $2,323,000,000 on March 12 to $2,178,133,228 through March 21. Income tax receipts on 1934 incomes have amounted to $293,873,937 thus far in March, as compared with only $216,428,610 in the comparable period of last year. the Spring slump, the But after deficit has a habit of coming_back strong. : 4 kept his hair cropped closely in the | | to substitute the bill for the com- mittee’s unfavorable report. | Coad Opens Debate. i | ‘The majority floor leader, Senator !J. Allan Coad of St. Marys County, |led off for the sales tax opponents. He was followed by Senator Stedman Prescott, Montgomery County Demo- | crat, and Senator Harry T. Phoebus, | Somerset County Repubiican, both of whom opposed the sales levy. During the early morning debate | Gov. Harry W. Nice, who several day: ago called upon all Republican mem. | bezs of the General Assembly to sup listened closely to the discussion. The first speakers favoring the bill were Senators Melvin L. Fine, Balti- more City Republican: Joseph L. Don- ovan, Howard Coungy Democrat, and | W. Prank Every, Baltimore City Dem- | ocrat. Coad Opposes Tax. In opening the debate, Majority Leader Coad. who is chairman of the Finance Committee, told the Senate he “would oppose the sales tax first, last and always.” | “I regret that during the days the | Senate and House have been devoting |a great deal of time and energy to | the problem of raising money for re- lief, nothing better has been brought forth than this 2 per cent sales tax,” he said. My opposition to such a tax is chiefly because it is not a dis- criminatory tax. “Ordinarily no one believes in dis- | criminatory taxation. But in times like these I favor a tax that is dis- criminatory as between the man of bankruptcy and pauperism and his more fortunate brother—the man able to stand it.” Climaxes Day of Fights. The night session climaxed a day of bitter fights over the bill, the unfavorable report of the Senate committee only emphasizing the breach between the two Houses over the means of raising relief revenues. ‘The only bright spot in the day for the harassed legislators was the news from Washington that Federal | Emergency Relief officials had given Maryland an additional $400,000 fo relief purposes. This obviated the necessity of immediate action by the Assembly to provide funds. Pushes Composite Tax. During yesterday’s morning session, the Senate had proceeded with the composite tax plan, with which it oroposes to finance relief in lieu of the sales tax. Without debate, it passed bills imposing levies of 10 per cent on patent medicines, toi- let articles and cosmetics and a 5- cent per gallon floor tax on distilled spirits shipped out of Maryland. ‘Those taxes, together with the tax on gross sales of utilities, which was passed by the Senate Friday, form the basis of the Senate revenue plan. The utilities tax already has been killed by the House and tomorrow the House will consider the other Senate proposals. Inadequacy in Taxes. ‘The taxes on cosmetics, patent med- icines, whisky utilities, all of which are dedicated to relief, are not esti- mated to produce sufficient revenue to meet the $5,000,000 demanded by the | Federal Government. Inclusion of the 3.25 cents per gallon tax on beer in the Senate plan, however, would raise the estimated revenue from all those sources to approximately $5,- 000,000. During yesterday's afternoon ses- sion the Senate passed with no dis- cussion & bill which would amend | ( port the tax, entered the galleries and | staggering along on the ragged edge ; James J. Kemp, 74. for many years | an employe of the Civil Service Com- | mission, died Priday at his home in | Lewes Beach, Del. the Associated | Press reported last night. | Mr. Kemp. an examiner, retired | about six vears ago, and made his | home in Delaware. He had been ill nine months. He is survived by a widow, Mrs. Martha J. Kemp. of Lewes; & smster, } Mrs. Bolling Hobson. Elkton, Va.; a | brother, Charles Kemp, Gulfport, Miss., and two step-children, Mrs. icholas Bogan and Mrs. Prank W. ichardson, both of this city. RELIEF HEAD HELD PUERTO RICAN FOE: BY LEGISLATURE (Continued From First Page.) compensating the party for its loss | of the last elections. They are alsc indignant because Bourne registered the incorporation of the Rural Recon- | struction Corp. after a legislative | measure had been drawn to control it Bourne, a Yale graduate and five years a resident of Puerto Rico. was formerly manager of the Hills Brothers' island piantation. The hostile resolution was _intro- duced by Senators Alfonso Valdes, prominent sugar capitalist, and Bolivar | Pagan, Socialist leader. The Senators | say that they will not tolerate the supergovernment imposed by Wash- ington against the majority’s consent. : (Copyright. 1935.) f e {PUN ON “RETIREMENT” IGNORED BY FARLEY NEW YORK, March 23 (#).—Post- master General James A. Farley was [asked a question tonight he didn't answer. Farley, attending a benefit show for the Israel Orphans Home, was called to the stage at the Madison Square rden to make a few remarks. ‘I hadn't expected to speak,” he said, “and so I'll just tell a little story and then I'll retire.” Judge Gustave A. Hartman, master of ceremonies, standing beside him, said loudly: “From what?” Unperturbed, the Postmaster Gen- eral went ahead with the story, but didn’t answer the question. —_———————— DIES AFTER AUDITION NEW YORK, March 23 (#)—The strain and excitement of & broadcast sudition was too great for Lilian M Riggs, 30, of Brooklyn, last night, and she died in the studio. Physicians said she apparently had suffered an attack o( heart disease. Miss Riggs had played several piano selections in the studio of a West Fifty-seventh street radio station (WHOM) and walked across the room to a chair. Then ghe collapsed. Attendants thought she had fainted. They carried her to an ante room. When phyisicians arrived she was dead. the State constitution to permit lotteries. The bill, introduced by Senator Joseph Wyatt of Baltimore City, provides that a constitutional amendment to that effect shall- be submitted in the next general election. The lottery bill has the backing of strong Baltimore interests, it is said. ¢