Evening Star Newspaper, June 7, 1931, Page 48

‘In the Motor World BY G. ADAMS HOWARD. EEK before last the great motoring event was the Memorial day races at Indianapolis, where Louie Schneider won the coveted honors on a brick track before many thowRnds. J i&st week's event m the motor world was the iwenty-ninth an- nual gathering of the American ‘Automobile Association, also held in the Hoosier State. This event also attracted great interest in au- tomobile circles, and its business will have a great bearing on com- ing automotive plans. The asso- ciation has many irons in the fire, all destined to aid the motorist, and, therefore, cannot be too loud- ly acclaimed. Good roads, just taxes, uniform and proper regulation have much to do with the happiness of many people of the Nation. Of interest to motorists is per- haps the following: Economy of Rebering. The relative economy of having the engine of an automobile re- bored or of trading the automo- bile In is discussed in a special| bulletin on automobile purchase and maintenance which has just been issued to the 18,000 subserib- | ers to Consumers’ Research, Inc., 2 non-profitm: organized sumer. The results of reboring, the bul- letin states, may range from prac- tically no improvement to making the engine as good as new. These results will depend both on the quality of workmanship and the equipment available for the work in the repair shop. Assuming that good workman- ship and equipment are available, the bulletin presents the following conclusions: On trucks, major overhauling and reboring are usual practices and regarded as economical. On expensive passenger cars, especially foreign, major overhaul is economic and usual, unless ob- solescence is an ir-ortant factor. Such work should be intrusted | only to the best specialized shops. On.ordinary passenger cars held by original owners, unless cylinder walls are damaged by accident. for exam?le, at an early period in the life of the car, cars are usually traded in at the stage where re- boring would be required. This is probably sound practice, because, to a large extent, engine, body, paint and “style” pass out to- gether. On the average car cost- ing $1,000 and under, the engine wears, body loosens, paint fails, upholstery becomes shabby and mud euards rust out after 20,000 to 50,000 miles. Under these as- sumptions, cylinder reboring and major overhauling in general are not recommended—unless trans- portation is the dominant consid- eration and the construction of the car in question is rugged, and 80 warrants the expense. On traded-in cars, bought at second hand, major overhauling economically extends the life of the car and sometimes is better than junking, all costs considered. Auto Theft Problems. Last Sunday part of a report of the special commission to into automobile thefts and its re- lationship to gangsters appeared in this column. A continuation of the commission’s findings follows: Perhaps the most obvious cause of these losses is the incomplete dissemination of reports of miss- | ing cars. There exists no system whereby a report of a theft may be quickly made to each police department within the State, and to each State motor vehicle de- gnrtment throughout the several tates. No kind of uniform sys- tem preyails among the States whereby theft information may be interchanged. At present the owner of a car when it is stolen probably notifies the nearest police department, where a record is made, but no Nation - wide system prevails whereby the owner has assur- ance that information of the loss will ‘go further than the office where he reports the theft. The police in an adjoining town may receive no information whatever of the theft. If insured, the stolen | the car may be included in lists of stolen cars compiled and sent out by Insurers. Several of the big- gest citles compile and send to a limited number of law enforce- ment authorities lists of cars re- ported stolen or recovered locally. Some of the State motor vehicle departments likewise send out lists. One or two States main- tain (but do not publish) a record not only of cars reported locally, but of cars reported stolen in other States. The information on stolen cars is so slowly conveyed, 80 meagerly, so poorly and so irreg- ularly and incompletely dissemi- nated throughout the States, that thieves escape capture and stolen cars may lie in storage with rent charges accruing indefinitely be- cause the police are unable to lo- cate the owner. The car owner not only loses the use of the car meanwhile, but deterioration of the car through time, use and abuse results. Without any uni- form loss reporting system. car owners are but poorly protected, the J)olice are handicapped and frauds and thefts are encouraged. Recommends Uniform Law. The committee recommends a uniform registration law for the several States to reduce frauds and thefts. The weed of a uni- form law is of prime importance and overshadows the value of any articular lax In 1926 the Na- ional Conference on Street and Highway Safety adopted a uni- fofm motor vehicle code, part of Which is an anti-theft act, pro- fons of which now. exist in more States than any other form of anti-theft law. In 1930 the Na- tional Conference on Street and Highway Safety .indorsed this model antl-theft law, and this committee urge:z its adoption by all of the States. “This committee considered ways and means of reducing thefts and frauds in addition to the study and selection of a particular law. The most effective method of dealing with the subject other than by a registratiop ~¢ anti-theft law would be by the use of additional police, specially assigned to this work. The expense of such a method is prohibitive. Some stat- utes appeared to deal with the sub- dect by tracing the car after the » ng research group | to provide unbiased,! technical information to the con-| look | theft, while others, while setting up barriers against the registra-i tion of stolen cars, provided no means at all for the tracing of stolen or converted cars after once registered. Onmly a very few stat- utes provided for the broadcasting of mgrmuon on stolen cars, and fewer still provided for the use of such information received from other States. The committee Yvand in the model anti-theft act| an excellent combination of the desirable features of most of the anti-theft laws studied. Adequate Theft Information. Uader this model anti-theft act police report theft losses to the State motor vehicle department, where lists of losses and recov- eries are regularly published by motor and serial numbers and furnished to each local sheriff and police department and to the mo- tor vehicle department of each of the several States. A record is maintained of all cars reported stolen by local police as well as by the motor vehicle departments of other States. This information is available to the police through- out the State and permits the auick identification of abandoned | or stolen cars coming under police observation. This model anti-theft act also provides for the cross-indexing by motor number and by serial num- ber of all cars registered. Such indexes are permanent and are not simply eross-indexes compiled annually. They identify registered cars regardless of the registration plate number which changes an- ‘nuauy and regardless of persons claiming title other than the |owner of record. Just as land registration laws by recording the owner and description of parcels of land prevent fraud and protect the owner, so do thess permanent indexes by motor and serial num- bers of all cars registered describe the car in the shortest, most prac- tical way and protect the owner and prevent fraud. The model act also makes a crime the alteration of a motor or serial number, and | this adds dependability to the de- scription of cars by motor and | serial numbers. Ownership Checked. The model anti-theft act besides requiring indexes by motor and by serial numbers of all cars regis- tered, as well as of all cars report- ed stolen, provides that all appli- catlons other than for annual renewal registration shall be | checked against these indexes Only one-third or less of the total annual registration needs to be checked, since two-thirds of the registration annually consists of renewals, which, having been originally checked, are omitted, provided evidence of the original check is submitted. In States where local registration is au- thorized all annual renewals may be made locally without reference to the central office. The model uniform anti-theft nct'frovldes for the issuance of a certificate of titie upon approved lgpllufions. good for the life of the car or untll ownership changes. The certificate upon transfer of ownership is indorsed by the owner and delivered to the transferee, who surrenders it, with an application for a certificate of | title in his own name. ROAD DEVELOPMENT TO BE DISCUSSED Topic Will Be Brought Up at| Pan-American Commercial Conference. Many phases of highway develop- ment, from the original plan to the, finished ribbon of concrete uniting dis- tant cities and towns, will be included in the discussion of this important topic at the fourth Pan-American Commercial Conference, which will meet at the Pan-American Union from | October 5 to 12. Highway construction, under which may be included the planning of a highway system as well as the actual building operation, will be discussed at conference, and there will also be considered further action leading to'a complete carrying out of the general principles underlying the problem of financing highway development, which have been adopted at previous Pan- American gatherings. ‘Widespread adoption throughout the American republics of the bases laid | down at the first and second Highway Congresses held in Buenos Aires in 1925 and in Rio de Janeiro in 1929, respectively, have resulted in a general unanimity of opinion by the American vernments on the factors that must lie behind the successful development of highway systems. This has a spe- clal significance in view of the strides that are being made toward the com- pletion of the Pan-American Highway, especially that section extending from Panama to the United States. ‘The bases for discussion of highway development at the forthcoming Com- mercial Conference makes the fact clear that In perhaps no other ques- tion which has been made the subject of an international gathering, has a more general enthusiasm beerl awak- ened and a greater solidity of opinion been created in so many nations, as in that of national highway develop- ment, together with the eventual con- solidation of national systems into what will become a single great high- ‘way, connecting all the republics of Continental America. International interest in the comple- tlon of the Pan-American Highway will once more be manifested during the present month when highway ex- perts from Panama, the Central Ameri- can republics and the United States will gather for asecond time at Panama to review the work th far accom- vay, and make plans for future operations. A definite schedule of surveying and con- struction has been laid out, by which it 1s planned to .complete the road from the United States border to Panama City within five years. . Various Tastes. Father: How many miles to a gallon? Mother: What color is the upholstery? Son: How fast will she go? Daughter: Has it a cigarette lighter? Neighbors: How can they afford 12! — . A Sure Si “Is there any truth in the report that Angus MacTavish bought the corner filling station?” “Well, I don't know for sure, but the ‘free air' sign nn,been taken THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTO DOWN THE ROAD—Exasperating Moments ' [} D. C, JUNE 7, 1931—PART FOUR. —By FRANK BECK AFTER YOUD GIVEN UP HOPES OF A CAR PASSING, AND CRAWLED UNDERTO ATTEMPT 'REPAIRS - -~ 2= LD 1931 Y. TRIGUNE Tine FURNAGE OIL SEEN INAUTO OPERATION Cummins-Diesel Races Gives Promise of New Devel- opment. DETROIT, Mich., June 8 (NANA). —As an aftermath of last week's In- dianapolis Motor Speedway race, a tention has been focused on the future possibility of Diesel operation for auto- | mobiles with Furnace oil as fuel. | At Indianapolis, C. L. Cummins, en- | gineer of Columbus, Ind. who devel- | oped the Cummins-Diesei ofl-burning | racer, showed that he “had something.” | His ofl-burning car—with its tortoise- { like speed compared with the gasoline- | driven entries—accomplished something that no other car has ever been found capable of in 19 years on the speedway. No Stops Made. It ran 500 consecutive miles in com- petition With never a stop. The car, plloted by Dave Evans and Thane | Houser as mechanic, averaged 86.17 | miles an hour. While it was moving unhampered by the caution flag that thrice warned the racers to slow down and hold relative positions because rain made maximum speed .dangerous. the lone oil-burner was hitting off between 89 and 90 miles an hour without a falter. | In the official list of finishers, the Diesel at first was placed twelfth, but a protest and recheck put it back one | notch and in the thirteenth position without altering_ the time average. | This was in a fleld of 40 cars that | were started, 15 of which failed to last cut because of mechanical trouble, ac- | cidents and other causes. In making the run Evans started the | Diesel off with 35 gallons of oil in the fuel tank. Only 31 gallons were used and only 3 quarts of water were re- quired to replenish the radiator after the car came in. An official view of the car's perform- ance was expressed by W. D. Edenburg, chief steward of the A. A. A. Contest Board. “The Cummins car,” he sald, “cov- ered 500 miles without a stop and burned only 31 gallons of furnace ofl. In speed, it suffered more than the gas- oline cars in the controlled fleld during the rain as it did not have the reserve speed to make up the distance when the control was removed, never averag- ing much above 90 miles an hour. “However, to the engineers its run meant a great deal more than it does to_the racing fan and the layman.” The performance of the oil power is | significant in more ways than one. During the same week an airplane using & Packard-Diesel engine stayed aloft Jonger than any other plane has ever done without refueling. In an endur- ance flight at Jacksonville, Fla, it stayed in the air 84 hours and 33 min- utes, or nine hours and 10 minutes above the former record. The Packard engineers who have developed the Diesel principle for air- craft use, have confined it to that fleld. Up to now they have been cold on the possibilities for automobile usage. Advanced Stage Reached. In Germany, Diesel engine power for busses has reached an advanced stage. One year ago, & German bus with ofl- burning equipment which had been 1 ported to this side and rebullt in Phil- adelphia, was driven overland to the Soclety of Automotive Engineers meet- ing at French Lick, Ind. There it en- ed critical attention and comment. It remained for Mr. Cummins, how- ever, to work the idea up for automo- biles. He is credited with adapting a marine type power plant to motor car use, As the car was raced last week, the engine had four cylinders with cubic-inch displacement of 366 inches. Empty, it weighed 3,580 pounds. The chassis was a Duesenberg Model A, the design of which dates back to 1925. During both the trials and the race the Diescl emitted no excess smoke, which heretofore had been one of the objections to it. (Copyright, 1931, by North American News- paper Alliance, Inc.) ‘The Chevrolet Motor Co. announces the appointment of the Donohoe Mo- tor Co. as authorized Chevrolet dealers. The Donohoe Motor Co. has been well known in Washington for the past 16 years. James A. Donohoe will be ident of the new dealership, Dolan Don- ohoe, secretary-treasurer. Willlam J. Howard, for many years connected with the automobile business in Washington, has been selected as salesmanager. Sales department, service and general offices wil! all be located under one roof at 1620 to 1626 M street. Announcement is made of the ap- pointment of William C. F. Bastian to an executive sales position with the Firestone Tire & Rubber Co., working out of the factory at Akron, Ohio. Bas- tian is well known to the automotive It is best to drain the radiator for flushing immediately after a long trip. trade in Washington, having been ‘con- nected with the Firestone branch here for the past 10 years in a sales capacity | by the A. A. A. National Good |[FURTHER AID FOR MOTORISTS SOUGHT AT Good Roads, Fair Taxes and Uniform Regulations for Safety Advanced at Convention. WEST BADEN, Ind., June 6.—Ap-| proximately $1,500,000,000 is being spent for road-building in the 48 States dur- | ing the current year on a prcgram, | vhich calls for the improvement of round 60,000 miles of new highways, | according to & report submitted to the twenty-ninth annual convention of the | American Aut-mobile Assoctation here. | Based on Survey. ‘The report, based on a survey made Roads Committee, showed that 35 States have enlarged their 1931 road programs, as compared with 1930, from bcth the standpoint of expenditures and mileage to be improved. “Another significant development,” it cited, “is the lg:dln‘ up of construc- tion in a numl of Southern States, notably Louisiana, which has a $65,000, 000 program: Georgia, South Carolina | and Texas. The Western States are also | joining the movement and, under the stimulus of Federal assisiance in build- | ing roads across the public domain, are | pressing for early improvement of the main arterles of travel. “Aside from relieving unemployment and furnishing an outlet for materials, the 1931 highway program in all States | has a most encouraging aspect from | the standpoint of the years immediately ahead. In preparation to meet these fu. ture needs, the States are spending a proximately $13.000,000 for new equip- ment and road-bullding machinery.” Federal Ald Increase. ‘The increase in Federal-aid appro- priations from $75,000,000 to $125,000.- 000 annually and the emergency propriation of $80,000,000 made av: able for 1931 in the form of lcans to the States, has been a vital ractor in stimu- lating the States to take advantage of the business lull to meet the demand | for more highways, declared the A. A. A. Committee. Its report continued: “The Federal-aid system, which now | comprises 193,049 miles of important interstate highways, is now nearly half | completed. There were 89,568 miles im. proved, as of March 31, 1931, while 10,- 388 miles were under construction and 5,679 miles had been approved for con- struction. “In addition to this national prcgram, congressional appropriations and a thority for Federal assistance in build- ing roads across the public domain and approach roads to the national forests | has had a desirable effect on road- | bullding in the West.” While the annual convention of the American Automobile Association viewed with concern the mounting toll of highway accidents and fatalities, | reports submitted to the conveption re- vealed progress along specific Iines. ‘The report of the A. A. A. Safety- Responsibility Committee, submitted by Owen B. Augspurger of Buffalo, N. Y., brought out the fact that 18 States, | with a registration of 11,000,000 motor vehicles, have now adopted the safety- responsibility law in whole or in part. Six of these States enacted this funda- mental Jegislation in the last sessions of the Legislatures, it was pointed out. Safety Responsibility. Mr. Augspurger asserted that all of the officials concerned with the admin- istration of the law were convinced that it affords a forceful weapon for the control of the criminal and frre- sponsible driver. “On the otner hand,” he said, “its penalties do not affect the great mass of law-abiding motorists, the experi- ence of six States in 1929 showing that only seven-tenths of ‘1 per cent of the drivers came under the provisions of the law.” ‘William E. Metzger of Detroit, Mich., chairman of the Executive Committee of the National Conference on Street and Highway Safety and chairman of the A. A. A. Traffic and Safety Com- mittee, without attempting to discount the seriousness of the death toll on the streets and highways, cited bright spots in the effort to overcome this national wapte of life and property. “Definite ma‘ms,“ he declared, “was registered In the effort to bring uni- formity into the basic motor vehicle | Census Bureau, showing that upward of ¢ |8 lubricating oll depends upon the A. A. A. MEETING report of the Legislative Committee, submitted by Frank H. Gates of Derby, Con! n. The address of the A. A. A. president, ‘Thomas P. Henry, who was drafted for & ninth consecutive term, was, in part, | as follows: “The future of motor transport de- pends on the solution of three major problems, namely, the operation of the motor vehicle without an undue tax burden on the owner; the vision of road facilities, such as will make car ownership profitable and pleasurable, and, most important of all the operation of the motor vehicle with safety. We are ccnfronted with serious threats on all three of these counts, motor taxa- tion, motor roads and motor safety. “The motcr tax structure has become complicated, burdensome and topheavy. Tendencies have crept into the system that call for a definite stand on our part. I must point out to you that the situation is complicated by current de- velopments of far-reachmg importance. Powerful interests seeking their own ends are advocating policies that would | ultimately destroy the advantages that highway transport have brought to the | American people.” | | VACATION DAYS HELD DANGEROUS TIMES Americsn Motorists’ Association | Cites Records of Bureau of Census. Vacafion days are dangerous days for the motorist, declares the American Mo- torists’ Association, calling attention to accident figures, just announced by the 4,000 persons will be drowned during the next three months, based upon fig- ures for the previous 10-year average. “Census figures show that an average of 3500 persons meet their deaths through _accidental drowning _during June, July and August of each year. The vast majority of these are vaca- tionists, on pleasure bent, unaccus- tomed to the perils of swimming and bathing in unfamiliar waters,” Thomas J. Keefe, general manager of the A. M. A. points out. “Automobile fatalities last year took a toll of more than 30,000 persons. Of this number, approximately 9,600, or nearly one-third, were killed by motor vehicles during June, July and August. “These three Summer months just ahead will see millions of motorists, tourists and vacaticnists traveling over strange highways and enjoying the water sports of unfamiliar waters. | Drive and bathe cautiously. Do your individual bit to reduce the toll of hu- man life,” the association urges. el NEW OIL THEORY HELD Another myth about oil has just been exploded by scientists, who now believe that heat and time, rather than pressure, are responsible for the natural formation of petroleum in earth, according to the results of laboratory experiments just announced by the American Petroleum Institute. The old pressure theory thus takes its place as a myth alongside the antiquated notion that the quality of source of the crude. A recent survey by & leading Eastern university among professors of organic chemistry indi- cated that stress is no longer lald by scientists on the origin of the ofl from which a lubricant is made, but rather LIFE AND LIBERTY, ESSAY SUBJECTS School Children Decide Test of Highway Educational Board. ‘Taking the preamble to the Consti- tution of the United States as their cue, upward of 700,000 school children from all parts of the country seem ‘ir- tually agreed that “life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness” as the greatest rewards for observing street and high-| way safety rules. This was sald at the offices of the Highway Education Board today upon the closing of its tenth na- tional street and highway safety cam- which has been conducted this in elementary achools through- out the country, Subject of Campaign. ‘The campaign for school children consisted of an essay contest on the subject “My Rewards for Observing Street and Highway Safety Rules,” and the board has been recelving essays since the beginning of May. A prelim- inary reading of many “of the essays received and the almost unvarying unanimity with which the competitors listed the above-mentioned rewards as| among the most important, according to the board, would indicate a general trend toward uniform safety education methods in al} sections of t.;':u eo\;fl.r}] ‘The neral argument lowe that Lh.';utrvlnce of traffic rules gives the individual life and limb with which he is at liberty to pursue his happiness, whereas failure to observe such rules will gain him nothing but a cot in the hospital. Even if an accident is not fatal, many children wrote, much of the individual's liberty is taken away for a more or less lengthy period of time and he may be deprived of his ability to the pursuit of happiness for the remainder of his life. . Many of the children listed other re- wards, such as a clear consclence, the knowledge that they were alding mo- torists and traffic officers by observing safety rules and the resultant pleasure which this knowledge brings, and the happiness which they bring to their parents by returning home each day safe and sound. A number of the chil- dren indulged in flights of fancy, en- visloning large sums of money as re- wards from fond fathers and mothers of children they would save, while pne boy announced that his study and ob- servance of traffic rules and regulations would bring a future reward by making it possible for him to become a trafiic policeman when he grows to manhood. A girl from the Middle West announced her intention of becoming a teacher in latex life so that she could teach chil- dren'\the importance of observing traffic safety rules. In conjunction with the essay con- test the board conducted a safety les- son contest for teachers on the subject, ‘Teaching the Rewards of Careful Con- duct on Streets and Highways.” To the writer of the best lesson in each State the board will award a certificate of honor, and for the three best lessons submitted throughout the country prizes of $500, $300 and $200 will be nted. ‘The winner of first prize will also re- ceive a trip to Washington with all ex- Ppenses gud. For the essays by puplls, State prizes of 815, $10 and $5 and gold, silver and bronze medals will be given. The num- ber of third prizes allotted to each State depends upon the school enrollment, ranging from 1 to 23. The best essay from each State is also entered in a national competition in which first prize is & trip to Washington with all ex- penses paid, at which time the winner is presented with a gold watch, while ROAD BUILDERS RECOMMEND PLAN FOR FINANCING HIGHWAYS Comprehensive Work of American Asso- ciation of State Highway Officials Given Approval. A ccmprehensive plan for financing highways advanced by the American Association of State Highway Officlals has been approved recently by the board of directors of the American Road Bullders® Association. Three Classifications. ‘This plan classifies rural highways as: Primary, Federal and State systems: secondary, county trunk or State aid highways; third-class roads, purely local township highways. Under this elassi- fication it is recommended that State and Federal funds for new construction be devoted first to the primary system under the supervision of the State Highway Departments. The secondary system should be financed by local taxes from aid received from the State. T R sections the of improvement districts with special assessments may be desirable. Suitable copnectians between congested and sub- urban areas should be made. Highway budgets should be to meet the annual requirements of con- | struction and maintenance on a basis of the present and future earning capacity | of the roads. While conditions in the | various States vary too widely to permit uniformity in budgeting. the following general principles apply: (a) States in the initial stage of highway development should issue bonds to defer that portion | of the annual charge for construction which would o1 -burden either property or the road user; (h) States where orig- inal construction programs are well un- | der way can, in the main, finance nor- mal new construction from eurrent | funds. utilizing bond-issue funds to de- fer the cost of special projects: (c) States where original construction is lll'gl! completed are concerned chiefly with maintenance and reconstruction, and should depend on current funds save in cases of emergency. Road Bond Issues. State highway bond issues should be | serfal in form, and should mature over a | period not exceeding 30 years; if issued | by a political subdivision, not exceeding a 20-year maturity is desirable. Serial maturities should be arranged | 50 that the annual requirements of prin- | cipal and interest will be as nearly uni- form as practicable. Sound financing requires that the re- tirement of State bonds and interest be provided for from the receipis of motor vehicle license fees and gasoline taxes. The full taxing power of the | State should be authorized to guarantes the principal and interest, not only as a provision in case of failure of these special levies, but also to secure a lower andom Thoughts OF A WOMAN MOTORIST WHO INVITED A WOMAN FRIEND TO GO ON A TRIP. BY REBECCA HYNEMAN. rate of interest from the purchasers of e Jarge sums nvolved tn highvay sums expenditures and the broad expend) under adequate engineering and eco- nomio supervision. Each State or political subdivision should have a uniform, ndaa::u informing system of accounting. ports showing receipts and expenditur:s should be issued that can be and are comparable throughout the State and with other States. ‘The order, type and extent of im- provement for each class and for in- dividual projects should depend upon the relative traffic requirements, pres- "‘év?,"" e(‘l‘:’ it tem of high. en ary system of - ways has reached an advanced state of improvement, in keeping with traffic demands, additional mileage may be added only when funds are available Foconsirciion of the ‘eeing ersiem reconstruction o existing and the additions. Whenever State funds sre used in the improvement of secondary highways or on streets in citles over which trunk highway traffic is routed. such funds should be under direct supervision of the highway department. Toll tridges should be bulit only when it is impossible to finance them by any cther method. If toll bridges are built, the eonstruction should be financed by the State or political sub- division thereof and the bridges made free as soon as the financial obligations of ltinm and original investments are paid. Distribution of Costs. ‘The cost of building and maintain! adequate systems of highways shoul be distributed in an equitable relation to the benefits derived. These may be summarized as follows: (a) Benefits to society in general, such as influence on educat.on, recreation, health, fire pre- vention, police protection, the national defence, the pcatal service, living and distribution costs; (b) benefits to definite groups, such as agriculture, manufac- iure, 1 . Tailroads, mining, forestry and waterwaya; ((c) benefits to property served; (d) benefits to the road user. The wide variance in valuation, rate of taxes, number of motor vehicles in use, and the status of highway devel- opment in the several States prevent the adoption of any fixed formula as to the proportion of the total costs of highways of general use which should be paid for from motor vehicle funds. Generally however, these principles may be States where the income from motor vehicles is insufficient to meet all of the maintenance costs of highways of general motor use without undue bur- den to the individual motorist, such funds should be applied first to the Caution! Caution! I would say to the nice, refined elderly lady who went along as a guest on a motor trip. Do not be too full of high spirits over the unexpected trip and be continually ex- pressing yourself to the motorist, who is absorbed in avolding ditches, tele- graph poles, culverts and oncoming traffic. It is not well to attract her maintenance of interstate and State highway systems; (b) in States where | the income from motor vehicles is suf- | ficient to meet all maintenance costs of individual motorists, any surplus should be used for this class of highway con- struction, reconstruction and adminis- | tration costs; (c) in those States where | the motor vehicle income is more than sufficient to meet maintenance costs of attention too much to your thoughts | highways of general motor use without and feelings. Her listening faculties undue burden to the individual motor- wiil get tired out, especially if your re- | ist. it may be found advisable to use marks are inconsequent. Remember the such surplus for the purpose of defray- rule posted up in street cars, “Passen- ing all or part of the cost of bond gers are not allowed to talk to the | issues to expedite construction of eco- motor man.” Your host may be too polite to satisfy her craving for quiet by asking you to keep still, and may be sadly disturbed and yet say nothing. Do not make yourself a disturbing factor in the trip, or you may not be invited again. I know a case where the con- tinual chatter worked so on the nerves of the motorist that she actually drove her car into a deep ditch from sheer exhaustion of nerves trying to. be polite and listen. Quality and not quantity should be your slogan. Do not be continually stating facts. Didactic talk gives little opportunity for pleasant mental reac- tion to the listener. Older people lose much of their acquisitiveness and are | prone to be didactic—preachy. They would be more ltkable if they culti- vated open-mindedness and a readiness to listen and learn. But do not ask in- consequent questions sbout what you see along the road and which the mo- torist is unable, because of attention to driving, to see, too. Be considerate. She will prefer to give her full atten- tion to the business of safe driving, but some peaple continually distract a mo- torist's attention by asking inane and foolish questions—sort of thinking out Joud. When you do talk, talk about something in which she is really inter- ested, and then give her a chance to express herself and do not do all the talking yourself. It is something to be studied, this thing of being an acceptable and com- fortable companion on & motor trip and not & windy and tiresome annoyance. “Heaven preserve ug from a well mea: ing dunce with the best of intentions! has been uttered by some one. People cannot be made to order, but if you expect to be invited again, it would be well to remember that a phonograph would just as well be sitting beside the motorist as some people. So take my advice and don't be & human phono- 1 nomically desirable motor’ highwaya. | Taxes and C A fixed charge should’ be made for each class and weight of motor vehicle |in the form of a motor vehicle license fee in lieu of all personal property taxes or in the form of a combination motor vehicle license fee and al | property tax. The total rate of such a | tax, however, as well as the gasoline tax, which is not to be in lieu of a motor | vehicle tax or a personal y tax, | should be as uniform in rate in the sev- eral States as practical and consistent with the eonstitutions, road bond obli- gations or road needs. The State should be the sole agency levying special taxes upon the motor | vehicle or the highway user. | Al motor vehicle funds, including personal property taxes, if any, should be used for highway purposes. RIVALS SEWING MACHINE | Present-Day Steel Welding Likened to Dressmaking Art. ‘What the sewing machine does with cloth is now duplicated with welding in eel. Any tailor or dressmaker & stroll about a factory devoted to the art of steel body manufacture will readily understand many of the proc- esses. In fact, in putting together & sult of clothes or & gown, many of the same processes are used. Sheets of steel take the place of sheets of cloth. These sheets are cut | to patterns in both types of work. ‘When the time comes to join the pleces together, if it is a suit of clothes or a dress, the pieces are tacked and then basted. Directly parallel to this proc- ess in the manufacture of the steel body is the tack-welding, which literally tacks and bastes the parts together before the final welds. WINFIELD WINS AGAIN! second and third prizes are gold watches. All prizes are donated by the National Automobile Chamber of Commerce. The essay contest has been open to puplls of the fifth, sixth, seventh and el 14 years of age and under. Teachers, to be eligible for the on the refining processes to which it is_subjected. laws of the various States, and a total of 30 have to date enacted important provisions of ihe Uniform Motor Ve- hicle Code. This is particularly true of the drivers’ license feature, and 15 States and the District of Columbia now require a mandatory examination as & prerequisite to securing a license. “The decline in the number of grade- crossing accidents and the spread o safety education may be viewed as note- worthy achievements. In 1930 there were 4,853 accidents involving motor vehicles at grade crossings, as c mpared to 5,975 in 1929, a deerease of 23 per cent. But the most favorable trend was in the reduction of fatali and accl- dents to children. This was largely due to the work of 200,000 boys now enrolled in safety patrols and the safety lessons and postsrs now reaching more than 4,000,000 school children. { Other _developments, including the trend toward liberalizing of speed laws, relief of motorists from unwarranted liability to guests and other legislative and having been a life-long resident of this cite. enactments designed to ilitate use of the car with safety, were cited in the MOTOR OIL. “BEST OIL IN THE WORLD" Autocrat Motor Oil has a high fire test, indicating ability to withstand heat. It will seal the pistons against fuel leakage, and will function as a good oil is expected. lesson contest, must be teaching in the eighth or lower grades. You will drive longer upon AUTOCRAT than you have ever dared to drive upon any other oil, and it drains from the crankcase with eall the “look” and “feel” of an oil that has gone hardly 100 miles. AR 0w e Tietead Beware of Substitutes Try Autocrat the mext tima you need oil, and judge its edvantages for yourcelf. At the Better Dealers CREEL BROSS 1811 14 ST NORTHWESTa LOUIS SCHNEIDER WON THE INDIANAPOLIS RACE TODAY USING WINFIELD CARBURETORS STOP YOUR STOCK OF WINFIELD CARBURETORS FOR ALL CARS IS AN EXACT DUPLICATE OF CARBURETORS USED AT IADIANAPOLIS BY THE MAJORITY OF RACING DRIVERS STOP WINFIELD WON EVERY LAP PRIZE AGAIN DEWONSTRATING ITS SUPREMACY IN SPEED POWER AND ECONOMYS BUD WINFIELD. v QUICKET. STRPET A¥D SATEST WAY To D MOREY W BT THLAGEAE O CAME We Have a Winfield For Your Car Auto Electrical Service—Batteriss—Carburetors—Spesdometors —Radiators—Sheck Absorbers—Motor Parte—Accessories CREEL BROTHERS 1811 14th St. N.W. Decatur 4220