Evening Star Newspaper, June 7, 1931, Page 26

r4 THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. —_— e e WASHINGTON, D. C. SUNDAY...........June 7, 1831 THEODORE W. NOYES. ...Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company Business Office: Ave 2nd St. o Rate by Carrier Wiihin the City. The Evening Ster. ... .......4bc per month vening and Sunday Biar ey gy, 80 per month +vvee...B60¢ per month PLer copy ‘euch month or telephone Bice’ Take Micnisn Sliorian Oice 1¢'l.clen£ England. e 8 ordors may Be. Nhationa] 5060 Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. Datly and_Sund, 137, 41000 1 mo. Binday onty " i3r 460 i mo: All Other States and Canada. Datly and Sunday...13r. 83200 1mo. aily o 1yr, $8.00: 1mo. Bindayonty " 1yr. $5.00; 1 mol, Member of the Associated Press. e Assoclated Press s exclusively entitled ublication of 2ll new. 0 it or not otherwise cred- aper and also tl 1 new erein. Al rizhts of publ atches hercin are also unday Star 2 de at the end sent in by mi 5100 78¢ A Momentous Week End. England, classic land of week ends, has seldom in our time been the scene of a more momentous Saturday-to- Monday than that now taking its course amid the secluded environs of Chequers, Prime Minister MacDonald’s official estate in the heart of the Dis- raeli country. Chancellor Bruening and Forelgn Minister Curtius of Germany bave arrived there for consuitation with Mr. MacDonald and British Foreign Secretary Henderson on the grave eco- nomic and political plight of the Reich. Even more than the ridaie of Russia, Germany at this hour is unmistakably Europe's paramount problem. On the ways and means under discussion at Chequers for its amelioration, if not solution, issues of immediate importance for the Old World directly depend. In a statement to the British press at London, Herr Bruening terseiy outlined Germany's difficulties. The Young plan, the chancellcr explained, cut Reich’'s reparation obligations by about $168,000,000. It was expected that this would suffice to permit the government to reduce taxes. Instead it has been compelled to raise them and to lower government expenditure during the past fourteen months by some $600,000.000. To these unexpected fiscal burdens, ac- cording to Dr. Bruening, has been add- ed the immeasurable political unrest due to the rise of Hitlerism and Com- munism, and even to mounting discon- tent among the democratic parties ‘which are the government's main sup- port. Between the lines of the chancellor’s statement is plainly to be read an in- timation that, unless Germany can achieve relief, consequences far more dire than any already experienced will be unavoidable. Just what the Ger- mans at Chequers have it in their heads to suggest to their British hosts | in the way of remedial measures can only be guessed. What the Reich wants is less of a secret. It demands, apparently at the price of either eol- lapse or repudiation of the Young plan, another revision downward of the reparations settlement. “Capacity to pay” is the essence of the plan. It contemplates a moratorium which Germany would be entitled to ask. Un- less grace in some form is extended, Mesars. Bruening and Curtius mani-, festly mean Great Britain, and through her, the world, to be prepared for the worst. Unless European statesmanship is bankrupt, it will have to find & way out of s situation palpably bristling with far-reaching perils. Germany since the treaty of Versailles has given & satisfactory account of itself, with respect to the heavy obli- gatlons which the conquerors imposed upon the vanquished. She has done so sullenly. Human nature being what it is, nothing else was to be cxpected. But, twelve years after Versailles, it may occur to the allied and associated powers that inflicted so condign a pun- ishment upon her that in their own selfish interest—to put it on no higher ground—the time has come to grant | her s commutation at least of the| eccnomic phase of her heavy sentence. What Bruening and Curtius are saying at Chequers this critical week end can probably be boiled down into that ancient aphorism which reminds us that an ounce of prevention is bet- ter than a pound of cure. —— ————— Jack Barrymore intends to peddle his profitable profile back to the legitimate stage. It will, perhaps, feel funny to him to face an audience once more. ——————————— A Shipping King on Trial. In hoary Guildhall, London, there is now in progress in Police Court a trial almost without parallel in the annals of British criminal law, for there sits in the dock a man who for years has| ranked as the uncrowned king of Brit- ish maritime commerce, Lord Kylsant. Not only is he a peer of the realm, his barony having been created in recogni- tion of his eminent services to the em- pire during the World War, but he is, the head of the famed Royal Mail Steam Packet Co., the White Star Line, the Union Castle Line and a host of associated shipping companies. Kylsant of Carmarthen for a generation has been one of Britannia's wave rulers. Born the son of a distinguished Eng-; lish churchman, a one-time member of | Parliament, great landowner in his own right, power in London trade and | ‘commerce, member of aristocratic clubs | and hunts, the long arm of the law in Britain has seldom reached out at s | more eminent mark. | Lord Kylsant is on trial for issuing misleading annual reports of his ship- | ping companies—reports which con- ocealed the fact that the Royal Mail and | fts subsidiaries were losing money and | conveyed the impression that they were earning good dividends. A co-defend- ant is the auditor of the Royal Mail, Harold J. Morland, who is accused of giving his official indorsement to Lord | Kylsant's reports, knowing them to be false. Another charge laid at the ship~ ping peer's feet is the allegation that | in June, 1928, he issued a prospeclus.i conscious of its deceptive character, ‘which was designed to induce investors to subscribe for $10,000,000 of Royal Mail five per cent debentures. The prospectus said that the company’s an- nual average balance for ten years prior to the prospectus had been enough to [] e { | ently s seeking to make John J. Raskob, - chairman_of the Democratic National pay the interest on the proposed deben- ture issue more than five times. The prosecution proposes to show that dur- ing the seven years preceding the prospectus the company had met & heavy trading loss every year. ‘The chief defendant's counsel, Sir John Simon, leader of the British bar, declared in court that his client “chal- lenges every allegation against him.” Mr. Morland’s counsel, Sir Patrick Hast- ings, another efinent K. C., asserts that the Royal Mail auditor will “fight every | step of the way.” So a legal battle royal is sssured, especially as the crown’s case s in the skillful hands of Sir Willlam | Jowitt, Sae MacDonald government’s | attorney general. Washington and other American jurists will take & special in- | terest in the trial because its chief bar- | | rister figures, Simon and Jowitt, were | !in this country last Summer at the head of the distinguished delegation of British judges and lawyers who were guests of the American Bar Association. —— et Mr. Raskob, Mortgagee. The Republican National Committee, through its Publicity Bureau, appar- Committee, a national issue. The latest statement, sent out by the G. O. P. organization and presented as an inter- view with Senator Hatfleld of West Virginia, calls attention to the fact that jn the latest report submitted to the clerk of the House of Representa- tives the treasurer of the Democratic National Committee shows receipts totaling $41721 for the three anonths' period ending May 31. Of that amount, $40,000 is listed as loans from Mr. Raskob. The Republicans call atten- tion to the fact that these advances made by Mr. Raskob to the Democratic national organization increased the total amount owed Mr. Raskob by the committee to almost $300,000, or $295, 250. And in conclusion the Republican statement says: “Thus it is seen that Mr. Raskob is steadily increasing the size of the mortgage which he holds upon the once proud party of Jefferson and Jackson.” Can it be that the G. O. P. is regard- ing with jealous eyes the heavy contri- butions made by the “angel” oL the democracy, Mr. Raskob? Is it remem- | bering that once upon a time Mr. Ras-| kob supported Republican candidates for President? Or is the purpose of the Republicans merely to stir up strife, if {they can, among the Democrats them- selves? Already there has been violent Democratic criticism of the fact that {50 great a sum of money is owed by the | party to a single man, the chairman of the Democratic Natlonal Committee. This criticism has come from the ultra drys in the party, who dislike Mr. Raskob because of his devotion to the wet cause. They have even charged that Mr. Raskob is far more interested in repealing the national prohibition amendment and restoring to the individ- 1al States the control of liquor traffic than he is in the success of the Democratic | party. There are other elements in the Democratic party which have criticized the so-called “mortgage-holding” Mr. Raskob, among them Democrats who do not like the idea that the next presi- dential nomination of the Democratic party may be dominated by the Raskob group, which includes Alfred E. Smith, who placed Mr. Raskob in his present national chairmanship. Some of the anti-Raskob Democrats are supporters of the presidential boom of Gov. Ritchie of Maryland, wettest of the wets, whom they fear Mr. Raskob and the New York Democrats may push aside for another. ‘The Democratic National Committee, with Mr. Raskob at the helm, has financed an organization which has prodded the G. O. P. day in and day out for about two years. It is no wonder that the Republicans are aroused over | the barbs that have been aimed at the | Elephant’s hide. 8o when they find op- portunity the Republicans quite natu- rally take pot shots at the Democratic national organization. It does not seem possible that, with the economic condi- tions of the country, the tariff, prohibi- tion and a number of other important matters such as the power problem, looming as issues in the coming national | campaign, the Republicans really ex- pect to make Mr. Raskob and his con- tributions to his irritating organization a major issue In that campaign. As each Democratic nominee for President usually picks his own manager for his campaign, unless all signs fail, Mr. Raskob is to drop out of the picture to a very considerable extent after the next Democratic National Convention. How- ever, the G. O. P. Committee may be able to stir strife among the Democrats by such attacks on Raskob. And strife among the Democrats is the breath of life to the G. O. P. B A Tiverton, N. J., man has six sons in the Navy, and has just been con- gratulated by Sccretary Adams on the fact. He will offer a fine target of at. tack for the pacifists, who will doubt- less decide that such & man is a men- ace to his country. ———— Former President Coolidge announces | & desire to quit writing his daily press contribution for a while, Possibly his pencil has worn out and he is await- ing Midsummer stationery bargains. r———— An Air Triumph. Through mishap after mishap which included the entire destruction of one wing and revclutionists confiscating its fuel supply the DO-X has finaliy emerged triumphant and is now proud- ly riding the waves near Brazil, having negotiated the South Atlantic cross- ing. And in completing the last lap to the South American coast the fifty- ton flying boat showed by far its best performance, covering more than twelve hundred miles at an average speed in excess of one hundred and thirteen miles an hour. Driven by twelve motcrs, aggregating seventy-two hundred horsepower, the monster cre- ation of Dr. Claudius Dornier reeded only thirty seconds for the take-off and near the end of the journey, iightened by | the consumption of fuel, was pushed for- ward to a speed of better than one hun- | dred and twenty-five miles an hour. Whether the DO-X will come to North America is still problematica}, but with overhauling about to begin on structure and motors after the THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C, JUNE 7, 1931—PART TWO. port citles in this country. It may not be many weeks, therefore, before this air monster will be on view on the Eastern seaboard for the thousands of Americans who have followed its progress since the time of its maiden flight from the waters of Lake Con- stance in Switzerland. John L. Stoddard. 1t has been more than a third of a century since the volce of John L. Stoddard was last heard upon the lec- ture platform in this eountry. Many millions now living never heard him, but there are others of the older gen. eration who recall with keen pleasure his gracious presence, his eloguence and wit and vivid descriptions, as he re- lated his experiences of travel, illus- trated by lantern slides. The other day John L. Stoddard died, at the age of 81, at his villa near Merano in the Italian Alps, where he has been living since his retirement from the lecture platform. Stoddard rendered a valuable educa- tional service in his twenty years of lecturing. He brought to countless mul- titudes of people information about not only other lands, but this country. His lectures were informative as well as entertaining. His pietures were artistic and instructive. In his day the motion picture was unknown. Photography was not as highly developed as now and the equipment of a traveler bent upon collecting material for illustrated lectures was cumbersome and expensive. Travel itself, too, was more difficult. Stoddard never flew from point to point as do some modern travel lec- turers, seeking to cover the greatest possible space in the shortest time. After Stoddard’s retirement he pub. lished a set of volumes comprising the text of his lectures supplemented by other materials which he wrote at his Alpine home. Possession of a set of these books was rated as & high priv- ilege. And so the educational work in which Mr. Stoddard was engaged—at considerable profit to himseif—was ex- tended long after his pictures ceased to flash upon the screen to transport his hearers into the far reaches of the world. rsom s ‘There is & “carpet” up at the Rapi- dan Camp, which partakes something of the nature of a “prayer rug” also. Becretary Adams, scheduled to appear upon it next, declares there is no hope of further economies in his depart- ment. Come on, you Navy, you can do it! Did not the Army cut down by purchasing those cheaper Russian matches? Let every patriotic jack-tar help out Uncle S8am by foregoing one ice cream soda a day and putting the saving in the naval budget. e Money is being raised for a statue in memory of Albert Gallatin, Secretary of the Treasury from 1801 to 1814, to be placed on the Treasury steps flank- ing Alexander Hamilton. Of course, none can see ahead for the next hun- dred years, but there are many who would be perfectly willing to see An- drew W. Mellon placed on the other side at the same time, and thus finish the thing up. e ‘The lord mayor of Budapest has pro. mulgated rules which demand that girls employed by the municipality re- frain altogether from making-up dur- ing office hours, from smoking, from frivolous garb and from flighty de- meanor. He may not know it, but what he will soon have is & staff of males only. B = The Army has done pretty well in cleaning out disease-bearing insects in our scattered possessions. The Navy, not to be outdone, has at last elimi- nated ‘the kissing bug from Annapolis and its environs. Or has it? vt 1t remains for some Russian manu- facturing firm to put out an even cheaper match—one that can be scratched on the maker's name. and thus save those friction strips on the sides of the box. SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Recipe. Most paths unto greatness Are deviously turned, But here is a highway That's easily learned. Remember, while seeking Position or power, To think by the minute And talk by the hour. And then, when you've gotten Astride of Fame's peak, Keep still when the public Expects you to speak. Cautious Dependence. “Do you depend on the wisdom of the plain people?” “I do,” replied Senator Sorghum; “if their wisdom is attained through courses of instruction which-I super- vise.” Jud Tunkins says as soon &5 a man says “pyschologieal” you can make up your mind that pretty soon you are not going to understand what he is talking sbout. A Maxim Misapplied. - How oft to Folly may the wise Their well meant teachings lend! Procrastination smiles and sighs, “It’s ne'er too late to mend!” Comedy and Pathos. “A man looks comical when he pro- poses.” “Yes,” replied Miss Cayenne. “He's fortunate if he can let it go at that and not look pathetic after he is mar- Comparison. “How much does a farm hand charge for a full day's work?” “I dunno,” said Farmer Corntossel. “I s'pose my ideas is influenced by the way I was raised. At the present time, so far as I can see, there ain't any such thing as a full day's work.” Joyously Engaged. ‘The prophst is a merry elf. He heartily enjoys himself. He brags if what he says comes true. gruelling sea flight the big ship should | 1¢ not, he prophosies anew. soon be almost as good as new and there is no reason to belleve that it “De only sign of humility some folks willi be unable t> carry out the ambi- shows,” said Uncle Eben, “am ter If' tious program originally which included & visit to principal sea " laid down deir voices in loud condemnation of deir own faults in somebody else.” ¢ | tually before the late Great War. “IN THE BY THE RIGHT REV. JAMES WORLD” E. FREEMAN, D. D, LL, D., Bishop of Washington. Text: These are in the world, Holy Father, keep thre thine ‘whom ) hast 8t. John, zvii. II. Is religion l_g‘fl’t of life, or the whole of {t?” is is the question asked by a modern writer. He is evi- dently seeking to discover what area of like is the logical field of Christian faith, To answer such a questicn one is compelled to make a further inquiry, “Did Jesus conceive of Hfs ministry as solely related to a gl fleld _of thought and rmtic!?" or again, “Did the scheme of life which he submitted ave to do solely with some remote and unknown future, some far-off divine event?” We are posed to think that the average student of the life and teachings of Jesus thinks of Him and His whole philosophy of life as related to some restricted sphere of thought and practice. It is not of the world even though it may be in the world. ‘There have been those in other ages who felt that the only way to live & truly Christian life was to separate themselves from all worldly contacts, and in some restricted area pursue course and habit of life that found its chief occupation in prayer and self-imposed discipline. Simeon Stylites en his column evidently conceived of a constant practice of his religion in terms of isolation and the cultivation of his own spiritual nature. Is this in consonanee with the mind of Jesus? Did he expect His followers to detach themselves from human interests? We do not believe He did. In His great ayer, on the eve of His crueifixion, e recognized that His disciples were in the world, His one prayer was that they might be kept from its evil. There is grent nger in dividing life into sacred snd secular. ~There is every reason to believe that the great Master expected His followers to bear their large part in world affai n- deed, He expected them to live their Christian life in the midst of the world's activities and occupations. He further expected them to bring their Christian idealism to bear upon those things that make for pleasure and recreation. He, Himself, by His own presence enriched the marriage feast at Cana of Galilee. That our religious beliefs must find expression in acts of devotion and in the recognition of self-discipline and self-control is clear- ly obvious, but to restrict the area of our action in the expression of our religicus convictions to certain hal- lowed places is to do violence to the teachings of the Master, Himself. If this world is ever to be made better, happier and a more decent place in which to live, it will be because the believers in Jesus’ method of life prac- tice their Christian convictions in every fleld of their occupation. Our th in particular are made to think ence. They may tal serjously and reverently within ti sacred confines of the church and think themselves consistent- where they its obligations in the world through which they move. Either our Christian belief has to do with the whole of life, in its every part, or it is untrue to the ideals of Him whom we ofess to serve. As a matter of fact, is more need today than ever be fore of bringing our Christian faith and practice to bear upon every near and remote human problem. We need not be afraid of the world if we are the right sort of Christians. We have our part to contribute, and contribute it we must, to the bettering of the world in which we live. When we can make those with whom we have fel- lowship realize that the Christian scheme of life is designed to enrich and ennoble every condition of being, we shall do more to set forward the | high claims of Christ than by ourj habits of proud isolation. Party Lines Are Greatly Mixed on Canadian Tariff BY WILLIAM HARD. Are the Democrats preparing to with- draw tariff protection from the products of the farmers? And are the Repub- lean Progressives tending toward that | same policy? | Buch is the chief speculation aroused | by the procsedings in Washington since the announcement by the Canadians of their new tariff duties. Leading Democrats have declared that those duties are ‘retaliations ainst | us for the “exorbitant” duties imposed by us against Canadian products in our | present new Hawley-Smoot tariff law. | Some leading Republican Progressives | have taken the same view. The impli- | cation is that theyv would reduce or| cancel the duties which the Canadians | have found obnoxious and irritating in | our tariff legislation now in force. * But those duties are duties on Ci nadian agricultural products and were enacted on behalf of our farmers and at the insistent request of the leaders of our farm organizations. The same thing is true about the new United States duties which have pecul- farly irritated and enraged the Argen- tinians. Argentina and Canada are the | two countries in which resentment | against the Hawley-SBmoot tariff law | has been most ardently expressed in tion or in threatened action. They are the two star instances of alleged ‘re-| taliatory” behavior, present or to come. | In both cases the “retaliatory” nature of the behavior is open to some histori- | cal question. Argentina, for instance, | has been engaged in high-tariff activi- ties for many yvears. Our exportations | of shoes to Argentina provide a glaring example. We used to send an immense | number of shoes to Argentina. We now | send very few, comparatively. The rea- | son is a high Argentinian duty on shoes. | This duty, however, was not imposed in | “retaliation” against thc Hawley-Smoot | tariff law. It began to be imposed ac- | % Similarly in Canada. Prime Minister Bennett many years ago, as a leader of the Canadian Conservative party, was advocating precisely the sort of Ca- nadian tariff wall which he is now erecting. He is accomplishing. as prime minist-r, only what he long ago prom- ised to accomplish in case he should ever become prime minister. ! Both Argentina and Canada are strongly nationalistic and are deter- mined to build up industries which will produce in some degree a strong na- tionalistic industrial self-sufffeiency. The exact sober truth probably is that high-tariff tendencies in Argentina and in Canada cxisted long prior to_the| Hawley-Smoot, tariff law, but have been | somewhat accelerated by resentment | against that law. This resentment has be'n extremely useful to Argentinian and Cenadian statesmen who desired=to | make their countries into high-tariff in- | dustrialized countries anyway. i The practical point thereupon for the United Stat:s is as follows: What can the United States do to appease the Canadians and the Argen- tinians and to dissuade them from fur- ther drastic progress in the high-tar- iff_direction? The only answer is to diminish the tariff protection which we now are giv- ing to our Wgricultural interests. Canada’s chief manufactured or semi- manufactured exportation products— namely, wood pulp and newsprint paper —come into the United Statss wholly free now. We cannot let them in any freer than they are. We cannot reduce a duty which is already z:ro. What we could reduce are the duties on such things as mlik, cream, pota- toes, and—especially—cattle. Inquiry among Canadians invariably reveals those duties as the principal source of their outcries against our high-tariff system. The cattle duty drives them to an especial and peculiar height of in- dignation. EEE But why and how did that duty get enacted? The proceedings of the Sen- ate for February 18, 1930, tell the story. ‘The motion whereby the cattle duty in the Hawley-Smoot law was raised ap- proximately 100 p=r cent above the level at which it stood in the previous Ford- ney-McCumber law of 1922 was made by Senator Connally, Democrat, of Texas. His motion was ardently sup- ported by Senator Brookhart, Repub- lican Progressive, of Towa. Mr. Brook- | hart r:marked that the duty proposed by Mr. Connally had been unanimously advocated by our most representative organizations of farmers. Mr. Brook- hart added: “The farmers have always been given the rates they have asked.” Acting upon that truth, the Senate adopted Mr. Connally’s motion by a vote of 71 to 4. The Democrats who voted in favor of Mr. Connally’s motion num- bered 23. They were: From the ~South—Barkley, Black, Blease, Brock, Broussard, Caraway, Connally, Fletcher, George, Harrison, Mclxl(elhl‘, Ransdell, Sheppard, Tram- mell. From the West—Ashurst, Bratton, Hawes, Hayden, Kendrick, Pittman, Walsh of Montana, Wheeler. From the East—Tydings. Then additionally the following Re- publican Progressives veted for Mr. Connally's motion to enact the high- tariff duty, which has so frenzied the Canadians: Blaine, Bo:ah, Hrookhart, Cutting, Frazier, La Follette, McMaster, Norbeck, Norris, Pine, Schall * ok ok ok | nothing can be done except to brandish +in_Paris. Yet today, generally speaking, it is Democratic and Republican Progressive publicity doctrine that the new Cana- dian tariff duties are a sort of proper revenge upon us for the “iniquities” of the Hawley-Smoot tariff law. The in- escapable deduction is that the Demo- erats and the Republican Progressives will form a coalition in the next Senate Reprisal Question to reduce the duties on cattle, milk, cream, potatoes and other products of our farmers. Nevertheless, so strange is politics that it is perfectly certain that no such cocalition will happen. Mr. Brookhart's aphorism remains unim- aired and controlling: “The farmers ave always been given the rates they have asked.” * ¥ x Nor will the rates which infuriate the Argentinians be diminished. Those rates deal with, for instance, flaxseed and- casein. In the tariff law of 1922 the rate cf casein was 2!, cents & pound. In the present tariffl law that rate was yaised to 5!, cents. It would have been raised only to 5 cents had not a most urgent plea for 5', been made by Mr Borah. The vote which finally fized the rate at 5! showed 52 Senafors voting in the affirmative Twenty-six of these were Republicans and 26 were Democrats. Nothing is clearer than this: That the demands now made for somehow placating the C:nadians and the Argentinians in the matter of the tariff are mere thunder which will be followed by no lightning at ail. * x % % As for the Canadians, their resent- ment of certain features in our present tariff legislaticn is_altogether sincere, | but, again, nothing is clearer than this That if tomorrow morning we should offer the Canadians a compiete custom- union with the United States and a complete abolition cf all “economic bar- riers” between the two countries, they would reject it decisively. In 1911 President Taft offered them “reciprocity,” with a diminution of tariff duties on both sides of the line; and thereupcn Mr. Bennett's party, the Conservatives, opposed “reciprocity” and on that issue overwhelmed Mr. Laurier's party, the Liberals. Canada was then nationalistic. It was tnen determined to build up its own industries by tariff duties. It is even more nationalistic today. It is even mcre determined today 10 make a Canada with a considerably independent industrial life of its own. The situation, then. is one in which gestures and to emit roars. Which is gcod enough, politically, in the Summer- time. (Copyright. 1931.) e Move to Organize the World Nitrate Trade BY HARDEN COLFAX. ‘The nitrate business, in which the American farmer has an annual in- terest of more than $20.000,000, is being organized cn a world basis by a series of negotiations now going on Nitrates form the chief basis of commercial fertilizer, with bone phos- hates and potash next in importance is takes no account of their use as explosives in war time. Chile preduces about 98 per cent of the natural nitrates of the world— 2,600,000 metric tons in 1920 and 3.250,000 in 1929. Last year in July the 100th anniversary of the first ship- ment of nitrates from Chile was cele- brated, the total sent abroad during :li‘\'l‘l. period being more than 100,000,000 5. e The world’s production of nitrogen is from six to seven million tons a year, by far the greater portion being from natural nitrates. The rest is lit- erally taken from the air. It is “fixe nitrogen. In this method of produc- tion Europe dominates the situation. ‘The nitrogen ‘“cartel” in Europe, he {through the yerrs exe: | Chureh, Newport, dominated very largely by the associa- tion of British companies on the one hand and by Germap interests on the other, controls more than 90 per cent — of the output of the world supply of fixed nitrogen. The Chilean associa- tion, “Cosach” (in which the govern- ment has a 50 per cent interest), pro- duces more thon 95 per cent of the natural nitrogen. An agreement be- tween these two combined, therefore, would control the world supply. Prices might be stabilized, but could not well be bettered. - * For many years the United States has been importing nitrogen for its fertilizers largely from Chile, which has a monopoly of natural nitrate. Our importations during recent years have run as high as $50.000.000 an- nually. Last year they were some $20,- 000.000 in value. It will be_remembered that after the war the Government established in ‘Washington, in the Bureau of Chem- istry and Soils, as an adjunct to the Department of Agriculture, a “Fixed Nitrogen Laboratory.” Experts trained in this laboratory have since gone out and made possible the establishment of elght or nine others. The time probably is not far distant when the United States will be self-sufficient in the production of fixed nitrogen and then the most expensive factor (nitro- gen) in commercial fertilizer (potash and phosphates being the other two) will be furnished from our own lab- oratories—to say nothing of the service in time of war—should it come. e % Ug to 1928 the world’s production of fixed nitrogen was immediately ab- sorbed by consuming industries. Ac- cording to the Chemical Division of the De ent of Commerce, since then this production has “outdistanced the rate of consumption by a wide margin and piled up stocks of un- precedented magnitude,” with expan- sion greatest in Prance and North America. In 1929-30 the world consumption of nitrogen probably was some two million tons. Overproduction in 1= culture, in commen with industry, has lessened the demand. In’ March, 1930, a merger of the Capital Sidelights BY WILL P. KENNEDY. In these commencement days, when all of our universities and colleges are bestowing honorary degrees, Represent- ative Bol Bloom, director of the George ‘Washington Bicentennial Commission, has uncovered the fact that “The Father of His Country” received honor- ary degrees from five of our leading universities—Harvard in 1776, Yale in 1781, University of Pennsylvania in 1783, Washington College (Chestertown, {f,d“) in 1789 and Brown University in It’s a far cry from Washington's de- gree days to those of Fresident Hoover, who has ceased to count the universi- ties and colleges dotting the earth which have conferred honorary de- grees upon him—more than 25 when he stopped counting them, including Brown. Pennsylvania, Harvard, Yale, Columbia, Princeton, Johns Hopkins, George Washington, Dartmeuth, Rut- gers, Alabama, Virginia, Oberlin, Liege, Brussels, Warsaw, Cracow, Oxford, Rensselaer, Tufts, Swarthmore, Wil- liams, Manchester, Louvain and Prague. BSo our Presidents, first Tnngd‘ll:t,al;nve al = nified and emphasized tion. o € xonly Bicentennial Dirgctor Bloom has also found well authenticated records that George Washington attended divine service in churches of 3¢ denominations or sects with equal reverence, wiether Puteh, Catholic. Quaker, Presbyterian or Congregational, as well as his own— l[)lsc‘eeflpfillln, ause of this religious background in Washington's life, the churcglru of America, of whatever denomination, are preparing to take a fittingly prominent part in the Bicentennial Celebration next year. Director Bloom, himself a Jew, em~ phasizes that “every crisis in Washing- | ton’s life found him turning to Divine Provicence for help and guidance and in tharkfuiness for the benefits he has received. He expressed on numerous oceasions in his diary his thankfulness for success in military exploits and for preservation from disaster. He attended church services wherever he happened to be, unless he was prevented from doing so by the press of official duties, bad weather or worse roads.” During Washington’s travels through New England, which he started on Oc- tober 15, 1789, he not only attended church whenever possible, but he noted in his diary the churches in the towns he visited. For example, of Stamford, Conn., he wrote: “In this town are an Episcopal church and a meeting house. At Norwalk, which is ten miles fur- ther, we made a halt to feed our horses. To the lower end of this town sea ves- sels come, and at the other end are mills, stores and an Episcopal and Presbyterian church.” He also re- corded of Fairfield, “Two decent-looking churches in this place, though small. viz.: an Episcopal and Presbyterian or Congregationalist as they call them- selves.” While in New Haven he attended, October 18. 1789, two ehurches—Trin- ity Episcopal in the forenoon and in the afternoon one of the Congrega- tional meeting houses. Puring this visit and his previous stay'in this sec- tion during the Revolutionary War Washington zttended Queen Chapel of St. John’s at Portsmouth, Trinity Church and Christ Church, Boston: Christ Church, Cambridge; Trinity and St. Michael's Church, Litchfield. Gen. Washington's deep regard for church edifices, no matter how humble, was shown during the war, when pass- ing through Litchfield, he reprimanded some soldiers who had thrown stones at the old Litchfield Church. by say- ing: “I em a churchman and I wish not to see the church dishonored and desclated in this way.” Bt o ok These days of interlude, when Con- gress is not in session, the House Office Building. erstwhile a beehive of activ- ity with offices for some 435 members cf Congress and their clerical forces, is as a deserted village. Very few of the members are in Washington and, while one here and there keeps his office open all Summer, the big ma- Jority of the offices are closed and the marble corridors reverberate to the footsteps of the few visitors which go echoing down the corridors of time. On the other hand, the Capitol Building is flocked with tourists, who { come in successive waves of humanity through the more historic places. When Congress is in session a majority of the visitors make it a point to see their respective Con- gressmen, but now, with the Congress- men “back home.” this is one of the “thrills” of a visit to Washington that is denied them. R o “Luck”™ in This. From the San Antonio Evening News. Stone-cutter by trade. Andrew O'Con- nor began his caneer as a sculptor by carving cherubs on tombstones in Provi- dence (Rhode Island). Only lately he won an honor greatly prized in his profession—the Tate Gallery in Lon- don accepted his heroic_bronze figure of a kneeling woman, “The Mother of Sorrows,” for permanent exhibition. surging O'Connor is the first American sculptor | to attain that distinction. Pgeviously his work had taken a medal at the Paris Salon and gained him the title Chevaller of the Legion of Honor. On Memorial day the sculptor unveiled his Lincoln statue in Providence, his home. “It's largely luck, success like mine,” Mr. O'Connor explains, “seeing the ogv portunities gas they fly past and grab- bing them.¥ But luck never made a great artist. There is the familiar anedote of Micliélangelo, painstakingly touching up a seemingly finished work, remarking that “trifies make perfec- tion.” It may have been luck that O’'Connor had such distinguished tutors as John Singer Sargent and Stanford ‘White. They could give him instruc- tion, wise counsel and, most important of all, inspiration. But even those mas- ters could not have helped him much |- had he lacked the making of an artist, the seeing eye and a capacity for un- flagging labor, Nitrate Co. of Chile with other nitrate interests was formed under the gen- eral name of “Cosach,” which turned cub o be the greatest single corporate unit ever formed in Latin America. It included the so-called Guggenheim interests of the United States, these interests taking with them the Gug- genheim process which is today the basis of the nitrate industry in Chile. * k k % Nitrates, like so many other world commodities, are “overproduced.” and nine countries of the world are now discussing in Paris the renewal of a temporary agreement, made last year and expiring on June 30 of this vear, to apporticn quotas. Great Britain, France, Belgium, Germany, Holland, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Italy and Nor- way, which agreed last year to limit their production to 70 per cent of the preceding year's output, now find it necessary to adopt a new level, per- haps as low as 50 per cent, because of lessened consumption. While the Europeans, who are more interested in synthetic than in natural nitrates, are not favorable to an agreement Wwith Chilean interests, the latter helieve that, when the Europeans have agreed among themselves, a world understand- ing will be possible. Such an agree- ment is particularly desirable just & now, because of the world business de- pression. EE While the European group does not sell in the United States, ncr does the world accord which is contemplated apply to the American market directly, nevertheless the output, freedom of movement and price of natural and synthetic nitrates are of considerable importance to the American farmer. In this connection it is pertinent to note that the Farm Board on June 2 announced that the amount of fer- tilizer being used in the United States this year, particularly on cotton crops, has been sharply reduced and that the effect of this reduction is noticeable in the crops themselves, (Copyright, 1931.) | FAMED ISLANDS SEE MOVIES BY FREDERI ‘The far islands of the world, cut off from mainland civilization, in most cases by league upon league of sea, are getting a goad deal of their adventure vicariously these days through the medium of motion pictures, largely of American production. Once these islands, nearly all of historic or ro- mantic interest, were Jooked to among the world's chief producers of adventure, but modern civilization seems to have brought to many the mild contentment of onlookers. ‘The Isles of Greece from time im- memorial have held an aura of classic romance. It has been a long time since Ulysses was around and steam naviga- ticn has wrested some of Poseidon's | authority from him, so less romance seems to come out of these islands than goes in by means of the silver screen. A difficulty arises in some cases in that the standard of literacy and of ap- preciation seems to be something lower than it was in classic days, and lack of ability to read or even recognize the actions of many motion picture chara ters is & handicap. Ancient Corfu, largest island of the Ionian Sea, over which Amphtrite sailed in a pearl shell, takes its adventure these days through the medium of two Winter movie Fouses end three open-air theaters for | Summer use. Zania has but cne the- | ater, and Cephalonia two. That there | is some vestige of the zort of interest which stimulated Greek drama of | classic times rematning is indicated by a preference in the Isles of Greece for highly emotional dramas, romances and scandals. But the Greek censorship bears down heavily on immoral or rev- olutionary pictures. On the famed Island of Crete there are nine picture houses and Chios has one, but on Rhodes. where once stood the Colossus, one cf the Seven Wonders of tne World, business is too small to support one. | Cyprus no longer is Greek, but part of the British Empire. and there are theaters at Nicosia, Larnaca, Limasol, Paphos and Amiandos. Malta, that| stronghold of the Crusaders, Dark Age battlements still bask in the Mediterranean sun and bake in the sirocco, has a large official population of British Army and Navy men and is served by two movies. This official population frequently changing, the best in films is demanded. The natives do not go much—not anywhere. The Napoleon Cinema. One of the most famous islands in lhe‘ world is St. Helena, where Napoleon | was imprisoned after Waterloo until| his death, but there are no movies| there. As there are only 70 white peo- | plz on the island and the average week- | ly income of the 4,000 blacks is only | $4.50 a week, American or other pro- ducers are not interested. Neither has Elba, Napoleon's island kingdom during the brief exile after Moscow, any movies. but the larger Mediterranean Island of | Corsica is well served. Needless to the principal theater at Ajaccio, chief city of the great Emperor's island birthplace, is the Napoleon Cinema. The island world celebrated in the| deathless tales of Joseph Conrad has many motion picture theaters, but they partake of the uncertain quality of some of Conrad’s own adventurous charac- C J. HASKI) ters. Indeed, official trade reports con< cerning them say that they change in number and ownership so frequently that no figures are depen: Bhows men of the itinerant type d by &mmmmmfiuuu Conrad and Dale open mporary re. what h-.'\m vest they my% ‘There are 50,000,000 Kon}e in the Malay country, and when they ar prosperous they like to spend their money on amusements. Chinese are largely in charge of the shows, and show what they like in the way of films. Although little English is understood and there are no sound pictures in most places, there is a censorship directed chiefly against any film likely to lower the prestige of the white race. Curi- ously enough, in a place like Java American Wild West pictures and cus- tard-pie slapstick comedies are much appreciated by the sarong-clad, slant- eyed natives. On Sumatra sound pictures have been presented with great success. Fighting, racing, dancing and adventurous ani- mal pictures are demanded. ‘Wild Men of Borneo Are Spectators. There still are plenty of wild men on Borneo, but those tame enough to visit the settlements enjoy the movies and there are no less than seven motion picture houses, not counting the pri- vate one maintained at his palace by the Rajah of Sarawak and one for its employes operated by the Asiatic Petro- leum Co.—two of the principal ruless of those parts. The Rajah gets fre films regularly from Singapore. An terprising Yankee has provided himself with a readily portable projection out- | fit and a lot of old films and takes them on exhibition jaunts into the jungle for the enterizinment of the wild men. He finds it profitable. . The South Sea Islands of Stevenson, Maugham and many another writer of adventure tales are not without movies. In the seas where Rnbmsz Crusoe fared, where beachcombers a s | overnight. whose | cannibals once added to the color of existence, Western thrillers and slap- stick comedies bring amusement. The Samoans, the people of the Kingdom of Tonga and the Fiji Islanders like only good, clean fun in their galvanized iron odeons and the censorship frowns on pictures which challenge authority, The Tonga people incline strongly to Biblical themes. On Tahiti, where the | girls dance in shredded-wheat biscuit skirts and a bead or two, a marked preference is shown for films deziing with the stronger passions and marriage problems. Lots of clothes and heavy furnishings in the settings are admired. Madagascar, Mauritius and Zanzibar have their motion picture houses of which are large and very patronized. The aches of colonial governments make up a considerable portion of the audience. They have lit~ tle else to do. Missionaries attend, de- pending somewhat on the type of film being shown and their own liberality. Almost it may be said that wherever there is a dot of land rising from the sea, be it a rockbound, icy islet of the north or a coral-stranded atoll of the South Seas, the motion picture, usually of American production, has found its way. (4 Fifty Years Ag In The Star In its issue of May 31, 1881, The Star | quotes as follows from the Providence : Evenidg Press Gas Waste in S The Washington the Treasury. yiie ine cake. It collected $17,500 last year for gas fur- nished the Treasury Department, al- | though all business in the department | ceases at 4 o'clock every afterroon and | does not begin until 9 the next day.| Somebody must be getting rich.” | Upon this The Star made the fol- lowing comment: “Whether the figures here given are | correct or mot we do not know; but | they are most likely correctly given. The probability is, too, that the gas charged for has been consumed. Not that it was needed; in all probability it was Iargely wasted. But when your average citizen gets installed in any kind of a position in one of the depart- ments of the Government he straight- | s the idea that he is the | way concei Government itsIf and that nothing can be too good or too big or 0 €x] ive for his high-mightiness in his new rep- resentative capacity. This is the spirit which has largely, if not entirely, brought about the water famine in Washington, of which so much com- plaint is justly made every Summer. This serene contempt for ail cost, this lofty ignoring of every interest not cen- tered official position, it is that allows Potomac water to run waste in all the public buildings and grounds in the city, whil> householders on the high grounds are not able to get enough for daily domestic necessitics. The abuse in the matter of wasting water is just that comple‘ned of in re- gard to g is that in one case Government has to pay for the extravagance of its employes, while in the other the only sufferers, | without remedy, are the housekeepers, who have to pay roundly for what they cannot get.” “Next to his_ridiculous want of strength,” says The Star of June 1, 1881, in_refer- | Party Lost, Not ence to the case of Roscoe Conk- | Roscoe Conkling. 3, o“Uh. “most | comical feature of Mr. Conkling's pres- | ent struggle for restoration is the pre- tense that he and his few followers represent the Republican party, and that those who do not train with him are bolters from it. The situation is this: The President sent to the Senate the nomination of a man of gocd stand- ing in the past for a certain office. This nomination every Republican Sen- ator voted to confum. Foreseeing tha' they would do so, Mr. Conkling in a pet concluded to resign his position and leave his party. We say leave his party, because the Executive and the Senate were the only recognized and authorized representatives of that organization hav- ing to do with the issue involved. By all the rules governing parties ever since the beginning of politics Mr. Conkling therefore became the bolter, He raised an issue with his party and left it. It didn't go away and leave him. But the trouble with Mr. Conkling has always been that he thinks he is greater than everybody and everything else besides. He has fallen into the zame laughable error that was made by the wandering and bewildered Indian, who, on being told that he was lost, pompcusly ex- claimed: ‘Ugh! Injin not lost. Wigwam lost. Injin here’" * * % “Now that one of the gang of confi- dence operators which has long in- fested Wasfilngton to Confidence the discredit of the iy has been convicted,” Operators. ays The Star of June 1881, “the old plea that the law doe: not reach such cases will not be ac- epted in future. The police authori- ties will be held to a strict accountabil- ity for the arrest of the three-card monte sharps. The Virginia authorities, as has been shown, will provide for them after arrest. The favorite role of these scamps is that of a guide. In al- most every case of confidence robbery it is developed that the victim was de- luded with the idea that he was follow- ing a ‘commissioned guide’ of the eity. The object in forbidding all except per- sons elected and appointed for that purpose to act as guides was to protect strangers from the schemes of confi- dence men. It is stated that the so- called guides, who.have hitherto" led stri rs across the river {o witness the ynv flu of the ‘Lee statue, all have badges, and it would be well for the po- » 1 Gas Light Co. may | Anglo-German Meeting A Center of Attention BY A. G. GARDINER. LONDON, June 6.—All eyes this weck end are focused on Cheguers, the coun- try seat of the prime minister, where | Chancellor Bruening and Foreign Min- [ ister Curtius of Germany are visiting Ramsay MacDonald and Foreign Secre- tary Arthur Henders: The prospect of this visit has created much agigation in the French press. In view of that agitation, emphasis is laid on the fact that the event is purely a courtesy visit, devoted to informal talks. Nevertheless, the alarming deterioration of economic conditions in Germany, | coupled with the growing convictiol that unless she secures relief by a re- vision of reparations payments the re- ublic will be threatened with over- whelming and political disaster, must dominate the discussions. ¥k It is not expected that Chancellog Bruening will present a demand for & moratorium on the Young plan or will reopen the question of reparations, but | he certainly will present a case for swift, drastic action, if Germany is t@ be saved from an incalculable catas< trophe. The discussions will not be confin to Germany's perilous situation. f Great Britain's difficulties are only lesg pressing than hers, while the simla | | | | of the Labor government is once. | in grave peril. This latter fact is di | to publication Friday of the intering report of the Unemployment Insurance | Commission ~ containing _recommendae tions which, though mild compared to those carried out in Germany, have aroused bitter resentment in the Labor party. This writer's forecast of rece ommendations a fortnight ago has been | fulfilled. The proposals aim to make the insurance scheme solvent and self« | supporting by increasing rate contribu= tions, reducing benefits and eliminating | abuses of the dole. It is estimated that |the annual saving effected would amount to more than $125,000.000, ree ducing the total cost of the scheme to less than $500,000.000. R ‘What will Premier MacDonald do in the face of this report> The commis- sion was appointed by him, under pres- | sure of the complete breakdown of the insurance system, to devise a schel to Testore it to an actuarial basis. But the immediate result of the issuing of the report is a raging, tearing propa- ganda by the independent Labor party against the proposals being put into effect, and the trades unions, while agreeing to the suppression of flagrant abuses, declare their opposition to in- crease contributions and the diminution of benefits. MacDonald is in a dilemma between putting into effect the proposals which he himself has asked for and facing & revolt in his own ranks. The general expectation is that he will accept the proposals for stamping out the grosser abuses, but shrink from adopting the bold measures of reconstruction sug- gested by the commission. In this he would be deserted by his own support- ers and would have to rely on Conserv; tive votes. A Much depends on the attitude of the Liberals, who, individually, are in favor of the adoption of the commission’s recommendations, but are now hitched ™ to Labor’s chariot and virtually com- mitted to keeping the government in power at any sacrifice. Moreover, like all parties, the Liberals are in desperate fear of going to the electorate as ad- vocates of economy at the expense of the unemployed. It is improbable, therefore, that they will put the screws on the government, to compel the adop- tion of the report. Even Conserva~ tives will hesitate to press the issue, lest doing so should prejudice their prospects in their constituencies when the election comes. It seems tolerably certain, therefore, that measures which every expert in the co!ntry agrees are urgently neces- sary, if catastrophe is to be avolded, and which are recommended by the government’s own commission, will be sandbagged by party political ealcula~ tions, and that the day of reckoning may be postponed by another year. By that time the deficit on the system, at the present rate of expenditure, will be $1,000,000,000 and the financial posi- tion of the country will be bordering on bankruptey, for it is already clear that the expectations on which Chancellor Snowden’s budget were founded are doomed. (Copyright, 1931.) lice to inquire where those badges came from; - whether they were monf“v.ha numbzr that have been lawfully issued o Dot