Evening Star Newspaper, August 3, 1930, Page 59

AVIA TION BY JOSEPH S. EDGERTON. ECORDS of operations at the two leading local com- mercial airports during the first six months of this year reveal that the National Capital is assuming an increas- ingly important place on the air- ways map of the countrY. Three air transpert lines now are operating out of these two flelds and during the next 30 days | a fourth line is to open with the likelihood that it will rank from the beginning as one of the most important lines in the country from the standpoint of aero- nautical pioneering effort. The number of passengers flown from the two fields on purely Jocal sightseeing flights over the city constitutes the heaviest busi- ness of this type in the Nation and probably in ‘the world. The number of visiting planes checked in and out of the two airports has reached an impressive total and the number has been growing rapidly. During the first six months of this year at least 25,000 passengers have flown from these two air- ports, either on sightseeing flights, scheduled air transport trips or in visiting civilian planes. This total may be exceeded during the sec- ond six months, due to the fact that Washington Airport was un- der construction for nearly four out of the six months and did not reach its full operating capacity | until the 1st of May. Hoover Field Busy. Hoover Field, the older of the two airports, both of which are located on the south bank of the Potomac River between Highway Bridge and the new Arlington Me- morial Bridge, from January 1 to July 1 carried a total of 10,071 passengers in its own planes on regular sightseeing or chartered flights. In addition, several hun- dred passengers were flown on sightseeing trips from the field in the Goodyear blimp, Vigilant, which operated here for many weeks during the Spring. Planes of Pennsylvania Air Lines, for- merly the Clifford Ball Line, have been flown on daily passenger schedule between Hoover Field and Pittsburgh and have carried several hundred passengers in be 2,000 feet long. The main run- way, extending northeast and southwest, in the direction of the prevailing winds, is completed, having a length of 2,700 feet. The east-west runway, which was less than 1,000 feet long a month ago, now is 1,679 feet long and is ap- | proximately 1,000 feet wide. It is the intention of Capt. Thomas Carroll, vice president of | the Washington Air Terminal Co., | owners of the field, to develop the airport as an all-way field, or one in which there are no fixed run- ways, but which is available for take-offs and landings in all di- rections. For this reason unusual atten- | tion has been paid to the grading | and leveling of the field, which | now is rated as one of the smooth- est in the country, despite the fact that much of the area is recently | filled swamp land. The method of maintaining a level fill, it is said, is serving as an example for air- port officials throughout the country who are facing the same conditions. The material composing the fill is difficult to handle, especially in the area used as a trash dump. Rubbish of all sorts is dumped there and burned. The residue packs down, according to the lans of Old Mother Nature and ewton's law of gravity, which, it may be mentioned, is not too sat- isfactory for airport purposes. Building on Trash. “We were warned,” said Capt. Carroll, “that we would have to put at least three feet of earth fill on top of the dumps, and that even then it would settle unevenly and would be bumpy and trouble- some. Instead we drag only a few | inches of earth over the dump and have made a good, smooth surface. The secret is that when we find an area settling and form- ing a hole, we don’t fill it up; we dip down to see what is making it settle. “We have found in some cases old gasoline drums have rusted away and the fill is settling to fill the hole or that other similar ills are resulting in holes in the sur- faces. We dig down, put in a lit- tle real ballast and fill to level, each direction. The nger lists have increased steadily, espe- eially since the reduction of fare rates recently and the establish- ment of connecting schedules with other air transport lines, forming a national network. On a num- ber of occasions “double-headers” have been flown and it frequently is necessary to turn away pas- sengers for lack of space. The new Eastern Air ress Line be- tween this city an rt, New York, has operated from g’oover Field since June 14, addin, materi; to the number of pas- sengers flown from the fleld. The field records show that dur- ing the first six. months of the year a total of 316 visiting planes were checked in at the operations office. A large number of these planes carried passengers, also swelling the total. During the ast week, for example, a plane I)anded from Baltimore with all the musicians of a ballroom or- chestra aboard. Others have brought sightseeing parties or business men. Other passengers have been car- ried by airplane salesmen on demonstration flights from the field. Scores of flight examita- tions for Department of Com- merce licenses have been con- ducted from Hoover Field under the eyes of aeronautical exam- iners. Marine Corps planes from Quantico, Va., have operated from the field on airmail service be- tween the White House and Presi- dent Hoover’s Summer camp on the Rapidan. ‘Washington Airport Busier, At Washington Airport virtual- ly all of these special activities have been duplicated, though, as | has been stated previously, the | field has been in full operation for only two of the six months. ‘The airport records show that during the first six months a total of 11,500 passengers were carried in airport planes on flights over the city and, in addition, several hundred special guests, including notable visitors, aeronautical of- ficials and others of whom no rec- ord was kept, were carried on sightseeing or special hops. The number of visiting planes checked in at Washington Air- port was held down during the first four months because of lack of the facilities which have since been established. There were 233 planes checked in during the six- month period. Seventy-nine of these were counted in the month of June and 95 in May, since the completion of the new steel and masonry hangar and other equip- ment. During July 95 visiting planes were checked in, bringing the total for seven months to 328 | and for the past three months, since the completion of the field, | to 265. | The effect of the extensive im- provement of Washington Airport, made since it was taken over by the present management, is shown by the number of visiting planes registered each month since the beginning of the year. In January there were but three vis- iting planes. February brought 12 and March 14. In April word began to circulate that the im- provement program was in prog- ress and there were 30 planes. The hangar and administration build- ing were ready for use about May 1 and since that time the num- ber of visiting planes has aver- sged nearly three a day. Filling-in Progress. The improvement program is as et far from complete. Filling of lhe marshy areas to the south and west of the landing area is going Torward steadily, between 400 and 500 loads of earth being dumped there daily, in addition to the trash dumped along the west end of the field. Since Spring the north-and- south- runway has been extended with the result that we have no further trouble.” The result has been a beauti- fully level landing area. Maj. John Jouett, former commander of the Army Air Corps 3d Attack Group, now in commercial avia- tion, who visited the fleld re- cently, remarked: “This may not be the largest airport I have seen, but it certainly is the smoothest.” So smooth is the airport that a few days ago Chester Warrington, one of the newest entrants in the National Capital aviation field, to demonstrate a new. automobile drove it at a speed of 80 miles per hour around the landing area, Unique Drainage System. Drainage of the field also pre- sented rather unusual problems. Much of the fleld area is in grass, but large portions are bare earth upon which traffic prevents seed- ing. This has been oiled to keep down the dust, the oil forming a crust through which rain water cannot seep. As a result the water collected in large, shallow pools on the oily surface, standing 4 or 5 inches deep in places. Draining tile would do no good, since it was the surface of the soil which was at fault. It occurred to Capt. Car- roll that if the oil crust were punctured, the water might run through, as it would through a leaky pan. A tractor was taken out into the puddles and run around to break up the oil crust. The water immediately began to disappear so rapidly that its ebb was clearly noticeable to the watcher. “We decided that here was the secret of drainage,” Capt. Carroll explained. “In the center of the largest low area we sank a hole down to the level of the water table, which was the same as that of the river. The water in this hole rose and fell with the tides in the river, showing that plenty of drainage was available. We filled the hole with broken brick and surfaced the hole with cin- ders laid flush ‘with the surface of the field. “We waited for some time be- fore the new drain got its first good test. Then came a hard shower. The low area began to fill, and almost immediately I got an excited call from the hangar by telephone and one from the line by lung power that a geyser was spouting out of the drain hole. Sure enough, there was a column of water several inches high bubbling and boiling out of the ground. Compressed-Air Geyser. “Investigation showed that it| was caused by the water rushing into the hole so fast that air was carried along. It was the air forc- ing its way up that caused the bubbling and boiling. The drain was 5o thoroughly successful that several more sink-holes of the same sort have been put in at other points in the field, with the ;es\:lt that the drainage is per- ect.” A subsidiary company of the powerful Pan-American Airways system has just inaugurated a weekly air passenger service be- itween Washington Airport and Atlantic City, to connect there with a daily service to New York. | It is understood that the local line | will be operated, not primarily as a passenger service, but as a means of holding a franchise pre- Ylulory to the extension of regu- ar service down the Atlantic coast to connect later with the Pan-American lines at Miami, The newly organized New York, Philadelphia & Washington Air- ways Corporation, made up of one of the most experienced groups of air transport officials ever organized in this part of the country, is to begin passenger service between Washington Air- THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C., WOMEN'S AIR RACE WILL START HERE Famous Flyers to Participate in DiXie Derby Last of Month. The Women's Dixie Air Derby, which is to be one of the major cross-country derby races in connection with ‘he Na- tional Air Races in Chicago, August 23 to September 1, will start from Wash- ington Airport at 11 a.m. Friday, A gust 22, with some of the country’s most famous woman pilots crossing the starting line, according to reports from the Chicago committee in charge of the races. The entertainment of the contesting pilots in this city prior to the race will be handled by the Aero Club of Wash- ington, with the co-operation of officials of Washington Airport and the Women's City Club. The management of Washington Air- port has turned all its fleld facilities over to the club, and the contesting women pilots are Lo receive free storage, gas, oil and other service, and transpor- tation to and from the city. The Wom- en’s City Club will entertain the con- testants at a dinner, reception and pos- sibly a dance. Amelia Earhart Entered. The list of entries for the derby is being completed at Chicago and only a few of the names have been learned here. Among the women who have announced that they will fly to Chicago, several of whom may participate in the derby, are Amelia Earhart, Phoebe Fairgraves Om- lie, Florence Barnes, Louise McPhetridge Thaden and Gladys O'Donnell, all of whom participated in the famous “pow- der pufl” derby of last year, the first national derby for woman pilots. Two of the girl fiyers entered in the LEADERS OF THE NAVY COMBAT WINGS These three officers are responsible for the training of the combat squadrons, composing the three wings carried on the Navy carriers, They are, left to right, Lieut. Comdr. J. H. Campman, commanding the fighters; Lieut. Comdr. A. C. Masek, torpedo-bombing wing, and Lieut. Comdr. DeWitt C. Watson, observation wing. Comdr. Watson, formeriy commanded the Anacostia Naval Air Statlon here. NAVY FLYERS GIVEN Dixie Derby have announced that they will fly planes of the same type. They are Mrs. Mae Haizlip and Miss Vera Dawn Walker, both of whom were con- testants last year. They are to fly one of the fastest types of small sport planes on the market. Between these two pilots, at least, the competition will be one of skill and navigation, since the planes are to be identical in every re- spect from engine to streamlining, The Dixie Derby route will cover 1,675 miles and prizes so far offered total $4,000. Taking off from Wash- ington Airport at 11 a.m., August 22, the girls will stop for luncheon at Rich- mond, Va. The first night stop will be at Raleigh, N. C, where a control point is to be established. Many Cities to Be Hosts. On August 23 the girls will take off from Raleigh, stopping for lunch at Co- lumbia, S. C., and sitting down for the night at Atlanta, Ga., second con- trol point. Birmingham, Ala., will be luncheon host to the girls on August 24 and Memphfs, Tenn,, will be the over- night stopping point. On August 25 the competing girl pilots will fly to St. Louis, Mo., for lunch and will spend the night in Springfield, Il Elgin, I, will the luncheon stop on August 26, the final day of the race, and also will the final control point before they cross the finish line at Curtiss-Wright Air- port at Chicago. A number of the competing expected to arrive at Washin, Alr- port as early as the Sunday prior to the starting of the derby, spending the last few days tuning up their planes, study- ing the problems of navigation to encountered and otherwise preparing for the contest. Aviation ms in their honor are s provatiy Wil speak probably will s over the field loud speaker system. A. K. Barta Is in Charge. A. K. Barta, president of the Aero Club, is in charge of the general ar- rangements for the start of the derby and the entertainment of the competing pllots prior to their departure. The official timing of the take-offs will be under the ection of W. G. Brom- bacher, chief of the aircraft instruments section of the Bureau of Standards, who will represent the National Aero- nautic Association and the Federation Aeronautique Internationale, B has appointed the following committee chairmen to assist in the ar- rangements: Airport, Capt. Thomas Carroll, vice president of Washington Airport; timing, W. G. Brombacher; entertainment, Mrs. Lyle B .Steever, Women'’s City Club; trophy, Mrs. Stee- ver, and transportation, Capt. Carroll. Barta will be in charge of hotel ar- rangements, and he and Mrs. Steever will compose the guest committee, SRR 43 GLIDER PILOT LICENSES ISSUED Department of Commerce An- nounces All Permits Are of Commercial Type. pilots are Forty-three glider pilot licenses have been issued by the aeronautics branch of the Department of Commerce since the recelpt of the first application for such a license the first of the year. This number, it was announced, in- cludes pilots of the areonautics branch who have been licensed, as well as pri- vate individuals. Glider pilot license No. 1 is held by Clarence M. Young, Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Aeronautics, and the second is held by Gilbert G. Budwig, director of air regulations of the aero- nautics branch. All 43 licenses so far issued are of the commercial type. In order to re- ceive this type of license, the applicant must pass a physical examination of the same character as now is required for the private airplane pilot license. There is no written examination. The flight examination includes normal take-offs and landings, a series of general and moderate banks, 360-degree turns and Pprecision Jandings. ‘There are three types of glider pilot licenses issued by ~the aeronautics branch—student, non-commercial and commercial. Those issued to students authorize the holder to receive instruc- tion and to solo licensed gliders wmlz[ under the supervision of a licensed glider pilot. The non-commercial glider pilot license serves group of pilots Who wish to glide only for sport and pleasure. This license is equivalent to the private airplane pilot license. The commercial license entitles the holder to give instruction on licensed gliders and to engage in commercial glider fly- ing. Glider and glider pilot licenses are mandatory in States which require Federal licenses for aircraft and airmen. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA POSSESSES 6 AIRPORTS Has Double Number Boasted by New Hampshire, According to Aeronautics Report. ‘The District of Columbia is credited with six airports, double the number possessed by New Hlm?lhh'e. which is at the tail end of the list, in a report made by the Department of Commerce aeronautics branch. ‘The report is based on an airport survey, which shows that with an in- crease of 96 airports since the beginning port and New York, “every hour, on the hour, in 100 minutes,” in length some 600 feet and 250 feet have been added to the width, the runway now being 1,750 feet long and 650 feet wide. When the [ fill is completed this runway will about September 1, making the local airport one of the busiest enger terminals in the coun- m. w&h 10 arrivals and 10 de- partures daily on the one line, of this year there now are 1,657 landing fields in the United States. California, with 164 airports, leads the list, while Texas is second, with 115. Flelds include 502 municipal, 535 com- mercial, 333 intermediate, 206 a A 60 Army, 14 Navy, and seven . huouludpflvl?om be | training of the three win, be | fighter squadrons; Lieut. Comdr. A. C. Three Officers Responsible for Grooming Air Fighters for Sea Missions. On the shoulders of three lieutenant commanders in the Navy, one of whom was commandant of the Anacostia Naval Alr Station up to last Summer, rests the responsibility of training the Navy's combat squadrons in the intri- cate maneuvers that prepare them for the exacting problems involved in mili- tary missions over the high seas. These officers . command the three wings of naval aviation based on the Navy's aircraft carriers—fighting, ob- servation and torpedo-bombing. ~Fol- lowing the ‘recent trip of the fleet to the East Coast, which included demon- strations over the National Capital, the squadrons from the carriers now are engaged in a strenuous training pro- gram at the North Island Naval Alr Station, San Diego, Calif. The three officers in charge of the are Lieut. Comdr. J. H, Campman, who leads the Masek, _torpedo-bombing "“‘5‘, and Lieut. Comdr. De Witt C. ‘atson, observation. Comdr. Watson was com- mandant of the local Naval Air Station up to last August, when he was ed to his present duties and succeeded by Lieut. Comdr. A. H. Douglas, present commandant of the station. During the Winter cruise of the Navy, which included the East Coast visit, which ended recently in Southern Cali- fornia waters, the fighting and scouting squadrons, led by Campman and Wat- son, flew almost daily on long-ran problems during maneuvers of the battle and scouting fleets. The working out of these problems called frequently for the observation ‘and fighting squadrons to fly long distances over the open sea from their mother ships, the carriers. Due to the skill of the pilots and the splendid standards of maintenance of planes, however, there was not a single major casualty to personnel or equipment during the cruise. ‘The problems require the highest type of navigation, since, after the mis- sions are flown, the wing leaders must locate the carriers, which have been moving during all the time the planes were away. Usually the missions are flown over seas which would make ex- ceedingly difficult the escape of pilot or crew in event of a forced landing. ‘The cruise which has just ended is rq&rm ubm:h mol; l\;cceuml yet un en by the aircraft and is considered a dememm the ability of the squadrons to operate carriers in all types of weather. So crowded is the North Island Field when all the squadrons are based there that the squadron leaders must take heir squadrons miles away for prac- tice maneuvers. Comdr. Watson during a long period had to lead the observa- tion juadrons 50 miles away from North Island each morning, hold the maneuvers scheduled for the day and then fly back home. ARMY AIR SCHOOL CHANGES ARE MADE “Airplane Mechanics” Course Con- solidates Studies at Rantoul, IIL Important changes have been made in the curriculum and organization of the Army Air Corps Technical School at Chanute Field, Rantoul, IIl, in prep- aration for the school year which be- gan last month, the War Department has announced. Under direction of Lieut. William M. Lanagan, director of the department of mechanics of the school, the pres- ent courses of engine mechanics, air- plane mechanics and erew chiefs have been consolidated into a single course of nine months’ duration, to be known as the “airplane mechaincs’ course.” This change is expected greatly to in- crease the efficiency of the students, since each man will become familiar with the entire airplane and its en- gine, eliminating the necessity of hav- ing & specialist in each subject. Under the present system, it was explained, personnel conditions in tactical squad- rons make -vfll-b!s. an mln“’o on: ORder this sytem an adjustments or repairs on the airplane itself, and the airplane mechanic can- not keep the engine perly tuned. ‘The new plan is intended to do away with this condition. Separation of the armament division from the department of mechanics has been completed, the division now func- tioning under command of Lieut. Ar- thur G. Hamilton as a separate unit of the school. The course in general me- chanics-aireraft welders has been di- vided into two distinct courses. The parachute riggers’ course remains un- changed, but double the number of students will be handled ———— WOMAN FLYERS BAND Campaign for Reduced Flight In- struction Rates Planned. CHICAGO (#)—Woman flyers have banded together in & campaign for re- duced flight instruction rates. ‘The “99 Club,” an organization of women holding Federally granted pilots’ licenses, l:vl.\l ‘:"&mmumix Ml.r paign program here & national air races, A 23 to Beptember esent rates, the club high o S man in A 1. members have create interest AIR MANUAL DUE IN PRINT Thorough Discussions of Construc- tion and Repair Are Included. The Army Air Crps expects to have in print in the near future a training manual, entitled “The Airplane Engine Mechanic,” the War Department has announced. The final draft of the manual recently was completed at the Air Corps Technical School, Rantoul, Ill, and has been forwarded to the of- fice of the chief of the Air Corps for printing. ‘The manual includes thorough dis- cussion of the general construction, re- pair and maintenance of airplane en- gines, together with specific informa- tion relative to the construction, re- pait and maintenance of standard types of present airplane engines and their accessories. It will consist of 469 pages, with 154 illustrations. . Air Line Reports Record. ‘The Nation’s oldest privately operated airmail line, the Seattle-Victoria, Brit- ish Columbia, route, reports & total of 40,000 miles of flight with a Boeing ‘Wasp-powered plane. An average of 400 pounds of mail per flight has been carried to outgoing transoceanic ships and 300 pounds from arriving ships. AUGUST 3, 1930—PART FOUR. AIR CORPS T0 BUY 20 FOKKER AERDS | Twenty Single-Engined Mono- planes Contracted for at Cost of $450,000. After several years of purchasing tri- motored transport and cargo planes, the Army Air Corps has awarded a con- tract for 20 single-engined monoplanes to the Fokker Aircraft Corporation, it has been announced. According to an Associated Press dispatch from Wheel- ing, W. Va., Maj. G. C. Lightner, man- ager of the Fokker plant there, places the value of the contract at $450,000. The new contract is regarded as an official tribute to the tremendously in- creased reliability of the modern air- craft engine over the types available during and for the first years following the World War. The only single-engined transport planes which have been used to any extent in the Air Corps are an ancient type of Douglass powered with, Liberty engines of war-time issue. Several of these venerable craft still are in the service, one of them having given up the ghost in Virginia recently when its old Liberty engine moaned and expired. The Army recently purchased for fast transport uses, a Fleetster all-metal cabin monoplane. This plane now is being used by F. Trubee Davison, As- sistant Secretary of War for Aero- nautics for a 10,000-mile inspection tour It previously has been used by Maj. Gen. James E. Fechet, chief of the Air Corps, for several fast cross-country trips, including one hop in which he took breakfast in Washington and luncheon in Muskogee, Okla. The tri-motored transports will con- tinue to be standard in the Air Corps, however, it is anticipated. They will be used for heavy transport duty, in- cluding the emergency . “ferrying” of airplane engines, supplies, mechanics and equipment. ‘The 20 new planes are to be powered with b525-horsepower engines. They are of the high-wing cabin type used on many transport line QUICK TRANSIT ASSURED CHICAGO (#).—An air-rail hook-up completed this Summer places Spokane, Wash,, in the Far Northwest, just 24 heurs from Chicago. ‘The journey between Chicago and St. Paul will be by way of the Chicago & Northwestern Railroad. At St. Paul passengers will board Mamer air liners. S are scheduled for Aberdeen, 8. .; Miles City, Billings, Butte and Missoula, Mont. Model Aircraft BY VINCENT TUTCHING. The sincere interest and undivided attention of all model air« craftdom this month is focused on the year’s outstanding event in the fleld of miniature aeronautics hereabouts—the annual District of Columbia model aircraft tournament, scheduled to get under way August 25 and continue through August The tournament, conducted by 29. the District of Columbia Model Aircraft League, and officially sanctioned by the National Aeronautic Association of the United States, is under the joint sponsorship of the Community Center Department of the District of Columbia Pub- lic Schools and the Aero Club of Washington. Cup Awaits Winner. The contestant in the ace or silver | ace class receiving the highest num- ber of points in the finals of the 1930 tournament will be declared the Dis- trict of Columbia champion for 1930. At the culmination of the tourna- ment the Aviation School of America will award at 30-inch silver trophy to the District champion. This will be a continuing trophy, to be awarded year- ly. It will be engraved with the name of each year's champion as it is passed from winner to winner annually. A miniature replica of the cup will be presented to each victor to keep. Thirteen Major Events. ‘Thirteen major events in afl classes from class D to ace class will be fea- utred in the competition. Of these, seven will be indoor and six outdoor: Preliminary qualification tests, which will be open to all boys who know suffi- cient about model Zrl:m building to enable them to construct a tiny craft, ]wm be held up to August 17, as fol- lows: Central Community Center, Wednes- days. August 6 and 13, from 1 to 4 p.m. Monument Grounds, Saturday, Au- gust 9, from 10 a.m. to noon. Macfarland Community Center, Sat- | urday, August 16, from 10 a.m. to noon. The indoor contests for the 1930 tournament will be held in Macfarland Community Center Monday, August 25, at 9 am. and Friday, August 29, at 9 am. The outdoor contests will take place at Bolling Field, Tuesday, August 26, and Wednesday, August 27, at 9 a.m. model aircraft Tesiding in or within 20 miles of the District, who qualifies in the preliminary tests, and who registers in the District of Columbia Model Afrcraft League prior to August 17, will be eligible to com- pete in the tournament. Awards to Follow Final Event, At the close of the final event, the indoor contests at Macfarland Com- munity Center on August 29, awards will be made at the direction of the various committees. These are the con- test committee on ‘awards: Lieut. Col. C. de Forrest Chandler and E. C. Gra- ham; the committee on judges, Walter Hinton and E. Clayton Fish, and the committee on rules, Paul Edward Gar- ber, Maj. Luke Christopher and J. H. Williams. The names of the judges lrle":o be announced later by the ecom- mittee. ‘To every flyer who scores one or more pionts by any flight in the finals of the tournament will be awarded the certificate of the District of Columbis Model Aircraft League. He also will receive the wings of the league in green and white felt. ‘The winner of the hest number of points in each class will be presented with a wrist watch; to the winner of the second highest number of points in each class will be presented the D. C. M. A L. knife and to the winner of the third highest number of ints in each class a tool for model bullding. An outstanding award will be that of the committee cup, which will go to the Model Aircraft Club whose members have to their credit the greatest num- ber of points for the entire season in- clusive of all contests from last March to the end of the 1930 tournament. 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