Evening Star Newspaper, April 20, 1930, Page 26

THEN ALONG CAME RUTH TO STUN POLITICIANS &No Woman Can Do It,” They Said of Her Prospects of Winning Illinois Primary. which she judges other persons, for that “intelligence” of hers is very keen. But unlike a weaker or a less honest character, she first applies it to_herself. During her campaign for Congress- man-at-large, in which she spoke in nearly every one of the more than a hundred_counties of Illinois, and in which she won a victory as startling nearly as this of today, people in Wash- ington expressed surprise to see her on her way to Virginia to look over the horses she planned to ride. Part of Her Established System. They did not know that it was only a art of that system directed by an in- telligence which knew that a political campaign is one of the most grueling of physical efforts and that to keep fit for it is the first step toward achieving ctory. ‘They did not know, moreover, that this intelligence of hers was well aware of which moments could be spared to hysical exercise and which must be rmed up in long rides in train and motor, in long conferences with polit- ical chieftains, in strategical mapping with the general staff, in study of the public issues involved, in speeches and in more speeches. At Kansas City T saw her emerge from a smoke-filled room, where she had been the only woman present, and | (since she had had the intelligence to rovide herself with a room in the hotel | addition to the house where she | could be absent when she wished) in | half an hour of hot tubs and exercises | she appeared among the delegates as fresh as if she had had a night's sleep. 1 might go on enumerating examples of the way in which she plans her life in this respect. I do mention it par- ticularly because it has always seemed t0 me that she is a Jesson in this regard to many women. For women often, I think, seem to get a sort of hidden jov out of working when they are not well enough to work; they refuse to care | for themselves in the same way they care for other: | Tt takes great control to achieve this, | whether in man or woman. | Thus fit for action, Ruth McCormick | proceeds to what is, surely, not only the | most successful but the most varied of ays. Men have frequently shown that they could be both good business men and good husbands and fathers. Ruth Me- Cormick has shown that she can be both a good business executive and a | §00d wife and mother. Her Marriage Sequel to Romance. Medill McCormick, her husband, charming, subtle-minded, gracious, once distinguished Senator from Illinois, died in 1924. Engaged to each other almost from childhood, theirs was the perfect love, the perfect romance. To his career from the time he entered the State Legislature in Illinois, Ruth McCormick gave that experienced help which she had gained from her own father. Their house in Washington was the center to which gravitated every one in- terested in American politics and jour- nalism, there to meet every interesting European who came to this country. Mrs. McCormick's Sunday night supper parties became celebrated, for they were & new thing in a city of mark distinctions. In her house might be present, but “society” did mot dictate this gathering of men and ‘women who found here the only roof under which they were equally at home. I mention them at all, not as of the usual wifely ald & charming hostess may be to any hus- band, but to hint that of an evening, whan the day’s work is over, this woman, ®u suceessful in the hard grind of poli- tics, appears lovely and beautiful, as one whose only end in life is loveliness and beauty. ‘Their mutuality of interest, hers and her husband’s, extended into every as- of the life of our common human- ity. It was by her desire as well as his that they went together to live in the crowded reaches of the “stockyards sec- tion” of Chicago; and if her interest in human beings was greater than her interest in books it was often from his more philosophical and purely scholarly mind that she gained the theoretical | determinations of the astute, however she might check them with her own tnstinct for the practical. Americanism Her Campaign Issue. It was while her husband was among the leaders in the momentous fight against the entrance of the United States into the League of Nations that Ruth McCormick also arrived at her position upon that question, which was the dominating issue in her campaign in Illinots. | Americanism is in her blood and in her heart. Descendant of a long line of Quaker forbears, she is a niece also of that most sturdy and most interest- | ing of American historians, Dr. Rhodes. | Her love of freedom is derived not from | any love of lawlessness—she is far too self-controlled for that—but from her deep individualism. So, transferring| what actually resides in her as an in-| stinct into action, she wishes the| League well in its work so far as that| work be good and for the good of the ‘world, but she would keep her country’s hands politically untied to adopt any course of conduct which may in the future seem good to it. ‘This attitude, developing. as it did. | during her husband’s lifetime, would | have been her attitude undoubtedly in | any case. For it is based again on that strong practical sense of hers. she is in Washington, she is off to the woods with them; every day when it is possible to arrange it they ride and every evening there are chap! a book to read together or games to play. Then there are those merry Christmases together on the farm at Byron, Ill, and there are the Summer weeks upon the farm or on the ranch in Wyoming. It is at slight expense to her mater- | nity that this woman achieves her | public career. And here again, as at so many other points, it is because Ruth McCornrick is willing to regard her intelligence as something to be used for daily life. That phenomenal capacity for organi- ration for which she is so celebrated was not to be applied—as it might have been by a more theoretical mind—to |the creation of business or political combinations alone. She uses it for the | organization of her daily life. A simple | secret by which to achieve so much. Yet, if she has (as her Illinois suc- | cesses have demonstrated) a capacity for political organization, she also has capacity for financial administration as well. She is herself the adminis- trator of a considerable estate. She un- derstands the language of finance as well as any man. She judges a busi- ness proposition in the cool terms of business and her judgment is steady. When she takes over a newspaper, as she recently did in Rockford, Ill., she gives it her personal attention. When | she takes over a farm, as she did some years ago in Byron, it is not that it may be a rich man’s plaything. but that she may demonstrate that scientific farm- ing can be made to pay. Creative Imagination Analyzed. Whether it is in agriculture or in the great game of journalism or in her chosen profession of politics, she dis- plays creative imagination. But she always held that imagina- tion, brilllant as it is, by the rein of results—of practical sense. Her realism is truly a part of her truth—truth to something very deep in her nature which she is incapable of | denying. She cannot commit spiritual suicide, because she can always recog- nize the knife ere it descends. Some one said to her last Autumn, when the stormy campaign was begin- ning to blacken upon the horizon and people were predicting that no woman could achieve a senatorial nomination in 50 large a State as Illinois: “What will you do about the World Court? There are an awful lot of peo- ple who are in favor of it and under these new arrangements they say they have made you have a yerrecuy good alibi if you want to soft pedal your previous attitude.” She looked at the speaker a long "’fl,' before she answered. Then she said: “I know myself too well! I could write a speech that sounded well, but if I didn't say what I meant, I know what would happen. I might start to read it, and then all of a sudden some- thing deep down in me would get me and I'd throw it away and say: ‘This is what I started to say, but this is what I really mean!’ And I'd tell them that!” Out of such human stuff as this does true political leadership come. Out of this—and out of the capacity to work with other people. Now, it is to me most interesting to observe Mrs. McCormick's method of doing this last thing. Strives to Lead, Not Control. For, in action, she is the most im- personal of persons. She controls her- self. She does not seek to control, but to lead, others. She inspires them with an instinctive recognition of her ca- pacity, her directness, her leadership. She thinks always in large terms. She ignores the petty. She does not seem to know it exists. She appeals not to men’s sympathies, but to their a miration. She achieves greatness be- cause she herself is great. I remember with what a shock I heard her say when addressing a meet- ing of Republican women of Pennsyl- vania on the subject of the child labor amendment which her husband had in- troduced in the Senate, and in which she was deeply interested, these words: “I am a professional politician.” She had been among the first to rec. ognize that politics, public life, had be- come in the United States not the nasty business my high-brow friends had en- couraged me to believe it was, nor even a-gecondary occupation for gentlemen of leisure, but the finest career possible for those who, like herself, could devote to it their whole energy in the interest of their country and their fellows. Politics Treated as “Profession.” “Impersonal,” I said she was, “in ac- tion.” But impersonal only in this: That treating politics as a “profession” she can handle its multifarious aspects with the impersonality of the prbfes- sional. And, in the midst of it, she welds to herself the devotion of her friends, gives in return her own devo- tion with a singleness, a loyalty, a thoughtfulness unsurpassed. “How can any woman do it?” I have often heard people say of Mrs. McCor- mick. “How can she carry on?” She can and does carry on partly because of her sense of humor. To hear her tell a story, to hear her giggle at some one else’s story is to hear the laugh of the youngest spirit of mirth in the world. She can and does carry on partly be- cause of her children and her fun with them, partly because of her farm and her ranch and her horses and her love of her friends and her love of life itself. It may| But most of all she does s0 because be said that she distrusts not so much | her sound intelligence showed her that European statesmanship as all theoret- | ical conduct. But most of all she dis- trusts a mentality which decides in ad- vance what it will think under an un- known set of circumstances. | She had been married 12 years before | her first child, Katrina, was born. Medill MecCormick, jr., followed and then Ruth Elizabeth. And, since their birth, the versatility of this extraordinary woman | showed fuller play than ever. Makes Study of Education. She “who had never been educated” began to study education. But Americanism of which I spoke was not to be shown merely in the concerns of public questions. No French governesses, | nor special tutors, nor European schools, nor unmothered nurseries handed over to the specialized care of fraulein or mademoiselle for her children. Instead, the personal thought and care, the in- timate relationship which only the right kind of mother can give. During the days of the suffrage fight, when Mrs. McCormick was chairman of the legislative committee, I dropped in one morning to see her on some matter of business. A uenognpher was in the room, stacks of filing cases were being oper- ated, two telephones were busy on her desk. Her boy, then about 5 years old came into the room with a book about astronomy in his hand. He had been looking at the maps of the stars and he :l"lmnd to know the names of some of em. There followed one of the most ex- | traordinary examples of concentration- in-variation I have ever seen. She would answer a call, switch it to the person who knew the matter in hand or reply herself and, seemingly perfect- ly unhurried, contjgue her conversation about the names of the stars with the question-minded little boy with an effect as if there had been no interruption whatever. Devoted to Her Children. Never, in Washington, does she accept an invitation to dine out on those nights when her children can eat their supper With ber alons. Every ) Wl that | the career of politics was that for which she was most fitted and that it can be |the most glorious profession in the | world. ‘ifteen Nationalities Represented at Party | This “melting pot of the Pacific” | often brings together in friendly con- | tact representatives of various races, but seldom do 50 many gather entirely impromptu as at a recent house party on the Island of Maui. There were 35 | people. Some one present suggested that a list be made of the nationalities represented. The result was that guests | of English, French, Japanese, Bo- hemian, Russian, German. Portuguese | Hawatian, Austrian, Irish, Seotch, Span- ish, Norwegian, Chinese and Hebrew | descent shook 'hands. Most of them American born, are full-fledged Ameri- can citizens, and they all spoke Eng- Jish. While this is an unusual instance, it 1% by no means uncommon at a £o- cial gathering in Hawaii to find at least | six races represented—and not infre- | quently four or five bloods will be | blended in one person, the imfusions being one or two generations back. Chapel on Mont Blanc Planned to-Honor Pope Before becoming the great Pontiff that he is today Po e Pius XI was very fond of mountain climbing, having | made the ascension of Mont Blanc, a feat which requires sportsman- ship. To perpetuate the notable inci- dent a vicar of a church near Mont Blanc intends to build a chapel on top of the peak, with a giantlike statue of Christ. ~ Already mountain lovers have raised a t against such & scheme, which, in their opinion, would spoil the cold, inhuman beauty of famous glacier. THE SUNDAY DIRECTNESS— STAR, CONFERENCE EARS ago 4 upon his character or ability; he was just temperamentally out of place. Everybody liked him. Nobody wanted to hurt his feelings. Hence many conferences were held. It was suggested that we might get some other company to offer him a position. Or he might be given a year’s leave of absence, in the hope that he Or we might persuade some one to speak to some one else who would not come back. could suggest to him in a round- axhout way that he ought to re- sign. The Story the Week Has Told BY HENRY W. BUNN. HE following is a brief summary of the most important news of the world for the seven days ended April 19: THE BRITISH EMPIRE—The most important business of the past week was the presentatign to the House of Com- mons of the British budget for the fiscal year ending March 31, 1931. It calls for total expenditures of about ‘the equiva- lent of $3,936,000,000, more by about $265,100,000 than the total of the last fiscal year's receipts, more by about $205,700,000 than the original estimate of revenue for the last fiscal year. Mr. Snowden allows certain protective duties (the “safeguarding” duties) to lapse during the current fiscal year, but (ter- ribly against the grain, for he is a thor- ough-paced free trader) he is con- strained by the condition of the treas- ury to maintain the more important “McKenna” duties (chiefly on automo- bile products and yielding about $50,- 000.000 a year). It is thus seen that Mr. Snowden was | compelled to find a tidy sum of “new money,” partly to liquidate the late fis- cal year's deficit of abeut $72,600.000, partly to replace relinquished sources of revenue, partly to offset decline in yield of certain revenue sources, but chiefly to finance new social and elee- mosynary legislation. Whence the ‘“new money"? From increase of the “standard rate” of in-| come tax from four shilling to four shillings and sixpence in the pound. From very considgrable increases, on a graduated scale, of the supertaxes on excess of income above $10,000 (reach- ing 714 shillings in the pound, or the equivalent of $37.50 per $100, on excess above $250,000). From substantial grad- uated increase of the death dutles (es- tates of $10,000,000 and larger taxed at 50 instead of the former 40 per cent), and from increase of the beer tax by 3 shillings per barrel. As to the last, the brewers promise that the increase of the tax will not be passed on to the consumer, whether by increase of cost or debasement of quality, but no doubt the attitude of Hodge and 'Arry is Mis- sourian. As to the increase of the standard income tax rate, Mr. Snowden was at earnest pains to point out that it will affect not more than a quarter of the 2,250,000 income tax payers. It will not affect single persons with incomes be- low $2,500, nor married persons with | children with incomes below $4,000. The vast majority of income tax pay- ers pay only from 1 to 2 shillings in the pound. It is, then, as Mr. Snowden asserts, “a poor man's budget.” It is well to quote, as of first-class significance, Mr. Snowden's conclusion: “In making this budget, I have placed burdens on the shoulders best able to bear them. I have placed no direct tax on industry and have not taken from the poorest of the land any part of their inadequate means. This new taxation does not mean deprivation of necessities, nor even of the reasonable luxuries and amenties of life for any- body. I am merely asking that a favored section of the community shall contribute to the needs of the state in proportion to the benefits which the state has conferred on them.” Arrests continue of persons, who, re- sponsive to Mahatma Gandhi's incite- ments, have violated the salt monopoly. Yet, from whatever motives, the Briti- ish government refrains from arresting the Mahatma. The latter is now agi- tating for boycott of foreign cloth, which adds to the unhappiness of Lan- cashire, where the cotton textiles indus- try is in its worst slump since the Amer- ican Civil War. Among those imprisoned for violation of the salt monopoly are Pandit Jawa- harlal Nehru, president of the All-India National Congress (he has received a six months’ prison sentence), son of the famous Pandit Motilal Nehru and J. M. Sen Gupta, mayor of Calcutta. The popular comment was wild rioting in Caleutta on the 15th, in the course of which trolley cars and a fire engine were wrecked and 1 European fire- man was killed and 10 others were in- jured by a mob gone quite wild and armed with wooden staves and the like. ‘Troops were mobilized but after des- perate battling, the police mastered the situation. The police showed extraor- dinary self-control, only one shot being fired and that in absolutely necessary self-defense. On the 16th Calcutta resumed rioting and other cities took it up, especially Karachi and Poona. At Karachi a mob estimated at 10,000, surrounded the court house in which six National Con- gress violators of the salt tax are being tried. They clashed with the police and the latter were at length constrained to fire. One native was killed and 33 persons, including 2 European police sergeants, were injured in the busi- ness, Fifty or so casualties at Calcutta, the exciting Reichstag session, the secured passage of. including 6"E:llce badly hurt; armored cars patrol streets. Violations of the salt monopoly con- tinue on a considerable scale and many arrests were made, but no rioting on the 17th or 18th ‘relzon‘ed‘ GERMANY.—On April 14, in a highly overn- ment Ate entire im- it became necessary to discharge a man from a certain company with which I happened to be associated. His shortcomings did not reflect Meanwhile, time drifted on. Finally it occurred to us that in scheming around to find a way to be kind to this man we were actually beéing very cruel. We were allowing him to waste precious days in a position where he could have no future. Whereupon we sent for him, drew a long breath, and spoke as follows: “Joe, it is necessary to tell you that you are through. . . . Now that’s over, and we don’t need to talk about it any more. Let us, therefore, sit down to a serious discussion about your future plans, because every man in the company wants to see you happy and successful.” We helped him find the proper environment; he is to- day prosperous and contented, and I belleve that he counts us APRIL 20, 19 By all as among his very good friends. The incident was recalled the . other day by a conference in ald of an important charity. The question was how to ob- tain a large donation from a certain rich man. All the usual expedients were suggested. We might “approach” him through his bankers. Perhaps some one could induce some one to speak to his wife. It might be pos- sible to have a good friend of his in Los Angeles put us in touch with a friend of his in Chicago. Finally a large and restless member of the committee rose. “This makes me tired,” he ex- claimed. “I know this fellow. He gets to his office every morning at 8 o'clock. I'll go in (Copyright, 1930.) mediate program of tax increases (in- cluding notable increases of the beer and turnover taxes) and of measures of agrarian relief, the latter including au- thority to the government to impose duties on a sliding scale, according to market conditions, up to new very high maximums, and authorization of gen- erous subsidies looking to solvency and higher production of the distressed agri- cultural areas. The chancellor stood out for acceptance of his program in full, |else dissolution of the Reichstag. Just enough Nationalist support.was secured to squeeze by the taxation items, but the agrarian measures had full Na- tionalist support, and thercfore an easy navigation. The business over, adjourn- ment was taken to May 2, when the budget will be taken up, with promise of fireworks. - B 2 3 RUSSIA—On May 1 the nation of Socialist Soviet Republics will celebrate the completion of the greatest single economic enterprise of the Soviet regime —namely, the Turksib (Turco-Siberian) Railway, which, starting at a point on the Siberian Railway somewhat west of Tomsk, runs southwesterly through the Altai chain, on through the city of Semipalatinsk and Pavalkake Balkhash, into Ferghana, to join the railway which runs southeast from Orenburg to Tash- khrent and on south to Ura-Tepe,. then northeast through and past Khokand. The new road, 1,100 miles long and con- necting the heart of Turkistan with the heart of Siberia, almost certainly in- itiates a development of stupendous eco- nomic importance. It was built at less than estimated cost and in less than scheduled time. The Altai region tra- versed by it is of extraordinary mineral wealth. The one-time Chicago an- archist, Bill Shatoff, was the guiding spirit of the enterprise. 8ince its inception the Soviet govern- ment has built between 8,000 and 9,000 miles of rallway. The total rallway mileage of the Soviet Union is now about 48,000. The Russian people’s commissariat for domestic and foreign trade has de- creed end to the immemorial fairs of Nishna-Novgorod_and Baku., * 'k % % EGYPT.—On April 14 there was a terrible battle at El Arish in Egypt east of Port Said and near the Palestinian frontier. Another invasion of Arabs? Well, not exactly. A fight between lo- custs and humans, the latter led by Egyptian army, and Jarvis Bey, Gover- nor of Sinal. A trench was dug parallel to the front of the advancing horde. Rank after rank of the toothsome crit- ters would fall into the trench. The trench filled, parafin would be poured on and set alight. The flames subsid- ing, the ash would be raked out, the white flame-guns, each spurt of which was “calculated” to kill f a million locusts, checked advance. The opera- (Continued From Third Page.) famous Newberry case. Newberry was elected from Michigan. A cloud settled over his election. The Senate investi- gated and finally determined that the expenditure of $198,000 in the Mich- | igan 1918 primary “was contrary to sound public pollc%. harmful to the honor and dignity of the Senate and dangerous to | the perpetuity of free government.” But Newberry was declared entitled to his seat. That was on January 13, 1912. ‘Ten months later he resigned. ‘The Newberry case, however, went to the Supreme Court, which declared that the Federal corrupt practices act of 1910 | restricting expenditures by a House or Senate candidate “in securing his noml- nation and election” to $5000 and $10,000, was unconstitutional as applied to the primary election of a candidate for the Senate. This decision also set aside the conviction of Newberry and 134 other defendants which had been secured by the Government under the 1910 corrupt practices act. Along came the 1924 campaign. There were three parties in the field nationally, if one includes the faction which sought to elect Senator La Follette to the presi- dency. Senator Borah headed a com- mittee which inquired into expenditures and found a total of $8,553,000, a sub- stantfally accurate estimate of the na- tional campaign. But his inquiry | brought about the new corrupt prac- | tices act of 1925, under which we are | things, publicity of contributions by or- dition, the filing of reports by each candidate. Senatorial candidates are h;r:%fid to $25,000; House members, $5,000. 1925 Act Went Further. ‘The 1925 act went still further to check money in politics. Prior to its | passage the law did not require the repo; of contributions received be- tween elections, the time when party deficits were made up. The new pro- vision, ending these “secret” pel 5 m.ou! of the expose in the Teapot investigation of donations made Spinks Pascha, inspector general of the | figu Watching Campaign Costs | still functioning, requiring, among other | | anizations and individuals and, in ad- | tion described was repeated over and | over again till the enemy was u-mufn-i lated. Belike the locusts were animated by | the souls of Hittite, Assyrian, Persian, Arab and Turkish warriors, who since the dawn of history, met death there- about. i, B HAITI.—President Borno of Haiti is having difficulty in trying to carry out his part of the agreement between Pres- | ilent Hoover’s commission on the one | hand and himself and the Haitian op+ position leaders on the other. By that | agreement Eugene Roy was to have been chosen temporary President on April 14 by the council of state with the understanding that he would convene the Legislature, which would choose a | permanent President. But on the 14th ough composed of Presi- | ppointees, refused to dis- place President Borno and appoint Mr. Roy. Of course there are some who charge that President Borno was not sincere in urging his own displacement and that the councilors were glad to give effect his real wishes and the more 80, as they feared loss of politica! influ- ence for themselves under the proposed new regime. A rather ambiguous proc- lamation by President Borno is capable | of being construed agreeably to the P Sl R above construction; but much construc- | . tion seems to be belied by President | Japanese Children Borno's action in ousting 12 members of the council, presumably for con- tumacy, £nd substituting others. He informed our Government that a new election could not be held befure the week commencing April 20, and our Government informed him that the | agreement must.be ll‘vfi: up to. * * UNITED STATES.—The House mili- tary committee, disliking the Norris res- olution recently passed by the Senaty which provides for operation of the Muscle Shoals plant by a Government- | controlled corporation, is preparing a| measure calling for leasing the plant to a private corporation. exports in the first quarter of this year totaled $1.133,794,000 in value, be- low those of the first quarter of 1929 by $285,829,000, while our imports of the first quarter totaled $892,676,000 in | value, below those of the first quarter of 1920 by $229.481,000. | rtment’s report on ‘The Labor De employment in e United States in March is discouraging. Taking the monthly average of 1926 as the datum re—nammely, 100—the figure for March is found to be 89.8. Grand finance, provided that prior to that date the proper authorities of five of the interested states shall have rati- | fled The Hague protocol, the first meet- ing of the board of directors of the Bank of International Settlements will be held at Basle, Switzerland, on April 22. It is expected that the board will forthwith proceed to elect Gates W. McGarrah of New York as its president to the major parties to wipe out cam- | Dl’lg deficits. e first public protest against the excessive use of money in presidential elections came during the campaign of 1832, when the Bank of the United States employed its funds and its con- trol of credit facilities to oppose the re-election of President Jackson. Cursory examination was made of clm’rllln expenses from time to time until in the eighties, when the national parties began to reach beyond the mil- lion dollar mark, serious consideration ! began to be paid. ‘The best estimate of the outlay made to elect Lincoln in 1860 is $100,000, & paltry sum compared with the lavish expenditures of today. The high-water mark prior to the Civil War was said to have been reached in 1856, when |gh the Democrats spent $250,000 in be- half of Buchanan's candidacy. There was admittedly something like $3,500,000 spent to elect McKinley in 1896 and but a million less for his second run in 1900. These McKinley figures are guesses, however, for it was not until 1908 that the public was really given anything like accurate figures of the expenditures of the major national {nmm ‘The actual figure for McKin- ey is said to have approached more nearly $10,000,000 or even $15,000,000. Many Ways of Spending. Of course, there are innumerable ways of spending money in a national campaign, just as there are innumer- able ways of collecting it, but the as- sessment of corporations, as practiced by the father of the present Senator from Illinois, Mrs. McCormick, is at least a little out of date. The first American law regulating the use of money in elections New York had the honor of passing in 1890. And it was not until 15 years later, when Alton B. Parker ran for the presidency, that any serious agitation developed for Federal legislation on the subject. However, in none of the Federal legislation has any attempt been made to Mmit or control the amount spent on a presidential campaign. Public the sole contvolling factor. cent directness, scheming how to do the clever or polite thing, he would have 30—PART T Bruce Barton tomorrow morning and tell him 1 have come to ask for a mil- }lun idollnrl. And I think he'll ike it.” Said Walt Whitman, speaking of Sheridan, “Genius is 90 per Phil Sher- idan was a geniu If one could gather up all the time that is wasted annually in hours enough to relieve all the farmers, kill each fruit fly in- dividually, and dig the canal from the ocean to the lakes. Millions of dollars would be saved if every business confer- ence opened with the blunt in- quiry, “What is the simplest and most direct way by which this thing can be done?” and to appoint Pierre Quesnay of the Bank of the bank. M. Quesnay is only 35 years old, but has given sufficient proof of rare financial talent. He figured prom: inently in the framing of the Young plan by the experts at Paris and later at Baden Baden in the drawing up of the statutés for the new bank. No doubt the director will proceed with the least possible delay to the making of ar- rangements for flotation of the first set of reparation bonds based on the un- n’mdmoml payments under the Young plan. g NOTES-—At last, on April 16, the dis- agreements between the Chamber and the Senate having been adjusted, the French budget bill for the fiscal year 1930-31 was adopted. The bill embodies many changes, some, such as great re- duction of the de luxe taxes applying to hotels and luxury goods and abolition of embarkation and demarkation taxes | on transatlantic and Channel services, being of especial interest to American tourists. | In a trial trip recently the Italian flotilla lead Nicoloso da Racco made a fraction over 413 knots, thought to be the highest speed ever made by a war- ship. 8he is of 1,654 tons and is equipped with ofl-burning steam turbines. Bring Broken Dolls A rather touching religious ceremony in honor of broken dolls is held every year at the Teikoku Primary School in a suburb of Tokio. Teachers and mothers assist the young girls in the| briet rite which takes place in June before a special monument set up in the school grounds. i A priest from a nearby umgu con- ducts the cer ony, beginning by read- a sutra td comfort the spirits of the dolls. Each child takes to the school on the appointed day any dolls that have been damaged during the last y-u;:: and places them on a table for purpose. In the ceremony held this year there were 40 broken dolls, 3 of which were made in America, 3 were of celluloid and the rest typically Japanese with ndtive style clothes, After the priest had finished his prayer the principal read a statement of condolence and then the monument | was raised and the dolls buried. The| principal said that he thought the rite was very anroprhu for the children because it fostered in them a spirit of tenderness. Golf Makes Big Strides | In Six Italian Cities| Not even the Fascist nationalistic campaign for the revival of typical Ital- ian sports, evidenced in the present pop- ularity of “tamburella,” a game played by any number of people equip with | drum-like }ndalu and a rubber ball, has failed to prevent golf from | selzing the fancy of Italians. In the last several years the interest in this typically English and American game | has risen to such a pitch that 20 courses have been laid out in the country, not only for the benefit of tourists, but for the native population as well. The principal tourist gllces which now offer recreation to golf bugs from foreign strands are Rome, Florence, Palermo, San Remo, Venice and Viareggio. In order to make the support of these courses less expensive duri the off seasons when toruists are frightened away by the heat, Enit, official Italian tourist assoclation, is drumming up in- terest among Italians by means of a handsome brochure setting forth the rules of the game and advocating par- tl%l&;tlon in it because of its health- and sporting qualities, Army Vlielurns Lal;d To Hawaii Territory Reassurance of peace in the Pacific| may be found in the fact that the War | Department is returning to the Terri- tory of Hawaii considerable tracts of land on the Island of Oahu hitherto set apart for military use. These tracts originally were territorial t:opcn.y, but a number of years ago, when Hawaii's Army posts were being developed, the territorial government was asked for the land on the ground that it was needed for Army purposes. For the past 10 years sentiment has been growing that the Army had all the land it needed and a bit more, and that the territory should be permitted to put to civil and permanent use some of the important acreages held as military property. The Federal Government now is taking the same view and the War Department_is uiescing, the result being that the land is to be turned back to the territory under revocable license, | Dunn, at first, but properly later the permanent title will again be vested in tory. Among the tracts so returned is Sand'Island, at ke entrance to Hono- lulu Harbor, J-L96. Smith, G. Parl the terri- | Fleld, BRANCH BANK SCHEME NOT A NEW ONE IN U. S. Relative Merits of Present Trends and Contentions Dis cussed—Present Problem to Congress. (Continued Prom First Page.) pared with that of Canads the break- down of the American banking system is brought out in clear relief. In the same period of time there was but one failure in the Dominion, ite an agri- cultural d n of an intensity equal Stal ‘The institution Bank, in 1923, with deposits amounting to $15,000,000 and with 63 branches. iterestingly enofigh, this failure was loans made to Amer- Unted States is most disgraceful. banks of Canada, with their network of positors than those in the United 3 Since it has been the small bank that has failled some have ted as a corrective the raising of minimum capital requirements for all banks to at least $100,000. That this would help there is no doubt. But it would leave many communities without adequate banking service. Canada Compared With United l't-. be Not. from the point of view of safety, but from other points of view, too, the contribution that may be ren- dered by the branch banks to the eco- nomic devel ent of Canada is much greater than is possible under our bank- ing system. While some of the die-hard opponents of branch banking picture Canada as a part of the Arctic wilder- ness whose people have been held back and are enslaved by the all-powerful and grasping branch banks, statistical studies belie this and demonstrate that she has enjoyed more years of ‘gol y per years of depression than nited States. In this cyclical ity and in the Plgld development of Domin- ion the ch banks have performed services impossible for unit institutions. | oly. lation shifted the ‘Whenever the popul branch banks have established offices frequently far in advance of railroad lines. The banks followed the popula- tion shifts to the the gold fields Cobalt, to_the lumbering and ranching ions. Banks were established in the concentration camps during the World War and tcll,:wzd nce as managing director of | The smallest of faciilties that would be impossible in the United States. Canada has more banks per capita than the United States and banking offices that are able to ren- der much ter service. They are links in a huge organization standing ready to sell foreign exchange, to render investment advice and assistance in the solving of Aduciary problems. Dominion System Flexible. ‘There is a flexibility in the Canadian system not possessed by the unit '.w of banking system of the United States. ‘The ability of the banks to shift funds, zhruulh their branches, from those sec- with a surplus to those with a| tions have deficit, from the maritime to the prairie provinces, has brought about a Nation- wide mobility of credit that is most important in a nation whose chief in- PUBLIC LIBRARY Recent accessions to the Public Li- brary and lists of recommended read- ing will appear in this column every Sunday. Gardens. nu}.“o. J. Better Bweet Peas. RISE- 1. Craig, W. N. Lilies and Their Culture in’ North America. 1928. RISE- C841. - Grifiths, David. The Production of ulbs. RISE-G87. RISL-HT9. | Nissley, C. H. Starting Early Vegetables and Fiowering Plants Under Glass. ! RIA-N63s. Pyle, Robert, and Others. How to Grow Roses. RISE-P99ha. Watts, R. L. Vegetable Forcing. RIA-W347v. Legislation. Chiu, Chang-Wel. The Speaker of the House of Representatives Since 1896. K83-C44. Darling. B. You and the Law. KL-D24y. Luce, Robert. Legislative Principles. B. History of the h’}hb liament. 2 v. 1892, K45H- SM54. Prehistoric Man. Cleland, H. F. Our Prehistoric Ances- tors. PWA-C580. , H. F. Man Rises to Parnassus. PWA-Os 13ma. Verrill. A. H. Old Oivilizations of the New World. F801-V6l1o. ' Famous Women. Bertrand, Louis. Saint Theresa of Avila. E-T273b.E. Cahuet, Alberic. Moussia; the Life and I-J::eflll of Marle Bashkirtseff. E- Cook, 8ir E. T. A Short Life of Flor- ence Nightingale. 1927. E-N564co. Dark, Sydney. Twelve Royal Ladies. E-9D245¢. Delarue-Mardrus, Mme. Lucie. Sainte Therese of Lisieux _E-T274D.E. Emily Dickinson. Unafraid, a Life of Anne E-HOr. Inventions. Fisher, Adam. Plain Talk. RAI-F$3p. Leeming, Joseph. Peaks of Invention. RAI-L51 P Usher, A. P. A History of Mechanical tions. RAI-Us33. W. Multiplex Man. ‘Hutchinson. Aeronautics. Hartz, R. 8, and Hall, E. E. Airplane Mechanics’ Rigging Handbook. S8ZP- H2. . J. W,:d The Aviation Man- Iseman, ual. 8z-1823. Page, V. W. Modern Aviation Engines. 2 v. SZP-Pl4m. Yaneey, L. A. Aerial Navigation and Meteorology. SZ-Y 12. Botany. Campbell, I.N Cio uoenml Elementary Clements, P. E. and Mrs. E. G. 8. ;kvcw‘e: Families and Ancestors. 1928. Holman, R. M. and Robbins, W. W. Elements of Botany. N-H732e. Travel. Akeley, Mrs. M. L. J. Carl Akeley's Africa. G731-Ak35. Easton, John. An Unfrequented High- vay Through Sikk'm and Tibet to Chumolaori. * G864-EaTu. Clifford, 8ir H. C. Bushwhacking, and Other Asiatic Tales and Memories. DR s ey, e y, H. 8, an , Ha . The Misads ventures of a Tropical Medico. G98-DS7m. - , E. A Medi Lands. Gar-Dgam. GO9-F455. % sy Roosevelt, Theodore and Kermit. Trail- ing the Giant Pands. GE6-RT4b. . wool goods l.hnahout the Spring and Summer d | months, prairie , to of the Klondike and the | is dustries for some time to come will be associated with the exploitation of the natural resources. For year at a time, in the Western branches, loans may ex- ceed deposits. Instead of drawing funds from a locality the Canadian banks have pumped money in—which means that the farmers may borrow l‘:rr:e“r mu and -g lower rates of in- in farmers in comparable - NM'UA hr‘fn‘fln Ult:lud States. % bt ich system enables the most ef- fective utilization of credit resources. The farmer in.Canada requires borrow- ed money ‘yflnelpally over the growing season and repays his banker in the PFall. The funds then can be used to finance the lumber operator, who equips his enmi: in the Fall and repays his banker later, when the cut is driven down the rivers to the sawmills. The len manufacturer produces but does not obtain the pro- of his sales until the following ‘Winter, so that his financing will dove- tall with that of the cotton goods fac- owner. e fact that there are but few banks in Canada—11 in all, with 4 doing the bulk of the business—has led many persons to raise the charge of a banking monopoly. Few understand ‘what this means, but all are supposed to shudder. A banking monopoly might supposed to express itself in extor- tionate rates of interest or in the favoring of one industry or set of bor- rowers inst another. Such policies would, of course, from the point of view of the bank, be suicidal, and in neither does a monopoly express itself in Canada. Rates of Interest Differ. Rates of interest are low—lower than in the United States—and there is no proof that any section industry or in- dividual has not had the credit which could be legitimately used. Rates of dividends on Canadian bank stocks have ruled lower than those for national banks, which would be a further sub- stantiation of the absence of a monop- ‘The size of the Canadian bank makes ble a certain amount of financfal king, in which aid has been extend- ed to the promotion of railroads, pul) and paper industries and fisheries. 1; impossible for the average bank in the United States to give the same sup- g:n or direction to business expansion. nder the branch system capital may be mobilized and applied to aid com- munities and projects on the frontier of business, where opportunities as well as needs are the greatest. A further advantage of the Canadian system of branch banking is that the banker becomes fgmiliar with economic conditions in all parts of the Dominion, with a national rather than a sectional point of view. The typical banker is one who has entered the employ of his institution as & young man, is advanced | to be the manager of a small branch, | is shifted to a larger unit, serves some time abroad and finally joins the head- office staff with an unbelievably thorough knowledge of conditions and men in the Dominion. With his promo- come increased responsibili- ties, for which his training been excellent preparation. Restrictions Confront Banker. As a branch manager he probably - discretionary power of lending from $1.000 to $5,000; for loans uflt” $75,000 he would refer to the district superintendent of branches and for loans above this sum to the head office. Such applications may be passed !olm quickly, since those at the head are well acquainted not only with economic condit! throughout the Dominion, but with every business man of importance in Canada. Credit is much more of a personal matter than would be thought possible in a branch system. The typical American banker is completely involved in the local situ- ation and is unable to see developments in his own community in their true perspective in relation to developments elsewhere. He becomes involved in the local speculative hysteria, whether in wheat, real estate or securities, until too often the whole credit structure collapses. . ‘The corrective of the situation leading to the bank failure epidemic. of the sectional disparities in intersst rates and in the amount of available credit is the development of branch banking systems under suitable public super vision and regulation. To be most effec- tive branch banking should be extended over an economic area which is so varied in its economic interests that op- portunity will be presented for the shift- \n'h about of funds, for the maximum utilization of credit resources and for the diversification of loans, industrially | and geographically. ——e Villa Is Common Ground .For Roman Professions A modern villa, Marita Pia, on the vis Nomentana in Rome opened its doors November 14 to the diplomatic corps stationed in Rome, ministers of the Facist government, hierarchs of the state and to Italian and foreign news- paper men. Mgr. Borgongini-Duca, apostolic nuncio to the court of Italy, and coadjutors, Mgrs. Testa and Se- rens, cordially prescribed for in the protocol. reception room people met and spoke to one another with reserve and shy- ness, similar to brothers who have been separated for a long time and suddenly are permitted to shake hands in public. Glimpses and impressions gathered on a tour of the rooms where amity reigned once more after long years of rupture between “blacks” and “whites,” were: The preconceived absence of church dignitaries and ladies; striped trousers and morning coats, a prelate's Wliple cloak, military uniforms; Italian ecclesiastics speal lngo their mother tongue again and mans admiring beautiful oil paintings of his holiness; Pope Pius’ armchair in the hall of the throne turned about facing the wall: Anglo-Saxons, South Americans, Ger- mans, Japanese all in universal con- fusion of speech. Japanese Outwits Wall Street Wolves At least one Japanese found that some good can come from stock ex- change crashes. When the recent slump on the New York market took place, Shinnosuke Ishida of Tokio hap- pened to be in the United States on & pleasure trip. Feeling that it was a time for a little extra excitement and dhn‘udlnl the advice of his friends that the stock market was a bad place for inexperienced foreigner, Ishida went to New York and started to play the market in a quiet way. He hap- pened to gauge his first activities cor- rectly, buying 10,000 shares of United States Steel, which he was able to sell after a few days at a profit of $15.50 a share when steel moved counter to ent rate of exchange. sho his wisdom and decided that among all his nds, hear him tell how he outwitted / ves of Wall Street. of Glasgow, Scotland, g for Fidiog & blyle on the footpath, in 1843, - ‘