Evening Star Newspaper, April 20, 1930, Page 24

v THE EVENING, STA With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. SUNDAY.........April 20, 1930 THEODORE W. NOYES. ... Editor R ‘The Evening Star Newspaper Company TR, te by Carrler Within the City. dayi . 1-' flm; i “aeh mov ik A el ot it ione Rate by Mafl—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia, BESETR RIS E Al omum and Canada. R Member of the Associated Press. T et EAE e Ry Enlarge the District Courts! Gratifying assurances have been given of favorable reports by the House com~ mittes on judieiary on bills which pro- vide for increases in the number of in the District courts. The pur- pose of all these bills is the same, to increase the number of judges in both the Supreme and Appeals Courts of the Distriet in order to enable them to (cope with the steadily increasing volume of business. Not only are the District courts fall- {ng to handle current business, but they are falling in arrears. Cases are ac- sumulating on the dockets. On the first ©of February, 1930, there were 335 cases on the docket of the Court of Appeals ‘M!,lllmdmmmm docket of the Supreme Court. Even the gemoval of patents and customs cases from the jurisdiction of the appellate court to another tribunal has not en- pbled the three judges to keep up the ppeals calendar. b In 1879, the first year after the Dis- $rict Supreme Court was organised, with six justices, 3,156 cases of all kinds were filed on its docket. In 1929, fifty years Jater, the six justices still constituting the District Supreme bench had before them at one stage and another 4,967 cases of all kinds. Thus the six judges 4n 1920 were confronted with nearly two and a third times as much work s the same number of judges in 1879. These are Federal courts as well as District. Therefore they handle & great volume of Federal business and it is mumudmzwconmn«m wmainess is heavily time-consuming. The cases that are brought by the United States, criminal and otherwise, are usually protracted for weeks at & time. ¢ these cases could be eliminated from the calendar—just as & matter of reck- oning, of course, and not in practice— the courts could handle the business on the basis of keeping current with new cases and materially reducing the #wa af the bills under consideration ‘This legislation should be enacted at the present session and the appropria- tions for the increased personnel and organization provisions made before ad- journment so that the enlargements may be effected within the current year. ————— Financial experts are still discussing the stock market depletion that took place some months ago. Retrospective experts are always numerous, but less influential with reckless speculators than the tipsters who undertake to tell what will happen next. ———— Civilization is still in too early a stage of development to call for dis- cussion with a view to lmiting the number of bombing planes to be per- mitted in the sky. Indis has succeeded in stirring up & large quantity of homemade trouble ‘without calling in any Soviet assistance. Errors in the Scales of Justice. Within two days this newspaper printed stories of violations of the fish and game laws in the neighboring States of Maryland and Virginia in which there is decidedly food for thought as to the inequity of laws and penalties pertaining to such offenses | and also as to the discretionary powers | of game wardens, if not of higher officials. In Thurmont, Md., a Washington angler was apprehended with one trout in his possession, which was one-third of an inch shorter than the law al- lows. He had, he stated, thrown back unharmed more than a score similiar immature fish that day and as many on the day preceding. PFinally a little fellow was so badly torn by an extri- cated hook that it died, and this fish he frankly, although perhaps unwisely, preserved and displayed to the warden, with the explanation given above. The justice of the peace, who tried the case, | sald that he was there not to construe but to enforce the law and, although he was “sorry,” he felt compelled to impose & fine of twenty-five dollars and coets. Down near Staunton, Va,, three men | were caught who had been dynamiting fish in the streams of Augusta County, a practice as wasteful as it is vicious, which is saying something. The three men involved in this utterly selfish and destructive practice were assessed fines totaling forty-five dollars and costs amounting to $31.75, or a pro-rata penalty for their evil exploit of $25.58, which s considerably less than the trout fisherman had to pay. 1f the Washingtonian’s offense, involv- 4ng one small fish, merited a fine of Swenty-five dollars, any angler worthy of the name would unhesitatingly agree that She dynamiters’ doings deserved penalties ten, or for that matter a hundred, times @s great. Of course it behooves every up, “It certainly cannot get well in creel.” Dispose of it, and you are exonerated; keep it, and you are liable under the law. But the point is that the warden who hauled in an otherwise innocent angler for one short trout showed a foolish overabundance of zeal, while those who framed Virginia's laws and set her penalities should make the punishment for dynamiting so severe that a citizsen wonld fear even to think of such an act. ————ro— Hains Point Traffic. The Spring trafic sparl around Hains Point has probably enmeshed the majority of automobile drivers of Wash- ington already, plus scores of hitherto peacefully minded tourists from the States. So a description of what this traffic snarl means to the motorist is, after & fashion, merely painting the Hly. Those who have survived it know and need not be told. There are thou- sands of good citizens on this Easter morning, however, who will take the drive today. If it is & fine day they will drive around Hains Point, and if it is an average Sunday afternocon they will rue the act. The chief difficulty in keeping traffic moving around Hains Point is found at the spot where the outgoing traffic, ready dense, emerges from the drive- way under the raliroad tracks and meets even thicker two-way traffic on Fourteenth street, going to and com- ing from the Mighway Bridge. The efficient park policemen who handle the traffic at this intersection must hold back for long intervals at a time the stream of cars coming beneath the tracks. There is a consequent halt in the trafie moving from Hains Point, and the automobiles are stalled, bump- ers touching, as far back as the en- trance to the East Potomac golf course. Three abreast, this dense mass of ma- chines must move by inches toward the freedom that lies on the other side of Fourteenth street. Something must be done. Possibly the most effective thing to do is to widen Fourteenth street and repave it from the Bureau of Engraving to the bridge; if not that far, at least from the Buresu of Engraving to the exit from the Hains Point driveway; widening the now narrow underpass at the same time. Another step that might help matters would be to open for eity- bound Hains Point trafic the one-way road that leads to the golf course. It is a strain upon the minds of the motorists, jammed to the point of suf- focation on the Hains Point drive, to gaze longingly at this empty road built for the sccommodation of golf-bound enthusiasts. For by late afternoon the golfers have stopped using it. It the park police diverted the Hains Point traffic, or & part of it, into this road for only s part of the day, it would undoubtedly relieve matiers to some extent, although there would be the same difficulties at Fourteenth street. Completion of the Memorial Bridge will relieve congestion on Fourteenth solved. The Naval “Safety” Clause. Prom now till the time the London The emergency in mind is the possi- bility—or rather the probability—that the British may feel it necessary to lay down more ships to meet the French bullding program. France’s demand for 100,000 tons of submarines is the par- ticular figure here in mind. Great Britain has agreed with the United States on all-around submarine parity at 52,700 tons. John Bull may desire, in case the French U-boat plans are fully carried out, either to match them, ship for ship, or construct a larger anti- submarine fleet of destroyers. In either event the British would have to bulld more than the impending three-power treaty provides for. The “safety” or “escalator” clause will authorize her to do so without any other formality than simple notification to the United States and Japan that the contemplated contingency has arisen. It goes without saying that the same right will be enjoyed by ourselves and by Japan. Senator Robinson of Arkansas, representing the Democratic Senate minority on the American dele- gation, epitomized the “safety” clause clearly in London yesterday. He said: Since the limitation of armament is a voluntary uflm which no sovereign power has right to enforce on an- other, it is wise in principle to enter into this arrangement. By so dof we avoid responsibility for insisting that any other nation must have its hands tied in possible emergencies, * * * It is desirable that those who Ilimit their means of defense should feel safe in that limitation. Otherwise they would not continue the process of limitation. Our representatives at Lendon ap- parently see no danger to the basic principle of the three-power treaty by writing into it this contingent plan for unlimiting limitation. Flaw - picking foes of the pact in this country are already criticizing it on that ground. When the treaty comes under review in the Senate that body’s two able spokes- men, whose names will adorn the parch- ment—Messrs. Robinson and Reed— may be relied upon to defend and estab- lish the sanity and reasonableness of the “safety” clause. ————— Straightforward speaking distinguishes the D. A. R. Their opinions may differ. They have much to say, but none of it 1s idle gossip. Clean the Capital! In the course of the concluding hear- ing before the Senate subcommittee on tention to the matter of cleaning up unsightly places in the District. The subcommittee chairman said that in riding around the city recently he has noticed rubbish piled on vacant spaces, and that these ugly spots give the Capital an unattractive appearance to its numerous Spring visitors. ‘There is no question about the ugli- ness of certain parts of Washington, man who angles to live up strictly to the very letter of the law. Doubtless a small fish badly hooked is extremely unlikely #® recover, but as one warden sums it blemishes that can be removed and cured. The conscientious Washingto- nian, showing his out-of-town friends about the city, tries to avoid these street. But the drive around Hains Point has become s0 popular and the sutomobiles so many that the result is & problem in itself which must be District appropriations Senator Bing- ham urged upon the Commissioners at- THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON, “EMANCIPATION” BY THE RIGHT REV. JAMES E. FREEMAN, D. D, LL. D, places or, unable to do so, apologizes for them as well as he can. Some are attributable to the development of the Capital, the changes incident to its growth and progress. Others, however, are simply signs of slovenliness, bad housekeeping, indifference to appear- ances. A clean-up campaign might well be instituted by the Commissioners for the abatement of these nuisances of dis- figuring and insanitary premises litter- ed with trash and in some cases occu- | P8 pled in part by ramshackle, tumble- down sheds and other structures. There is » law against the maintenance of such conditions. Householders and owners can be held to account | And property for permitting trash piles to accumulate on their premises and for failing to keep their properties in adequate re- pair, Bulldings can be condemned for destruction if they are past the point of safe use. This is not merely an esthetic matter of maintaining the aspect of outward decency, The public health is involved. There is unquestionably a menace in trash and fith. Hideous things that can be removed should be destroyed or taken awsy to some point where they will not offend the senses or the physi- cal welfare of the people. Nor is this merely a seasonal matter of cleaning up for company. Washing- ton's standard of decency should be maintained on a twelve-months basis. While tens of millions of dollars are be- ing spent for magnificent public struc- tures to make the model Capital of the world, business and residential Wash- ington should not be permitted to pre- sent the aspect of slums. e b e Astronomers continue to discover new plmu'l&wnmfionwnhh- scope can scon be made sufiiclently powerful to study them in close detail. Science never ceases to be hopeful. There was & time when the telephone was a fanciful toy and when the air- ship and the submarine were both con- sidered beyond the realms of reason. The supertelescope may yet be invented. ——t—e————— Peasants in Russis are hopeful that they may eventually get back the pig or the cow that they once deemed far inadequate for their needs. They are an example of dependency on agriculs ture that wanted farm relief but has gone entirely the wrong way about getting it. —ate. The underworld service in which au- tomobiles may be employed affords the best possible explanation of the in- crease of severity in motor regulations from year to year. All automobiles, in & general way, look alike, and there is no superficial means of judging the errand of the passengers. ot Reviewers are writing caustic criti- cisms of & recent play by G. Bernard| S Shaw. ‘They read as if pupils were attempting to teach the master. No criticism can be as caustic as one writ- ten by Mr. Sha —— e . Washington has one form of celebra- tion of the Easter season which cannot be duplicated in any other city: No- where else can the children hold an egg-rolling in the White House grounds. ———r———————e American literature continues to com- mand respectful attention, in spite of the fact that a large percentage of it finds its source among the formal se- verities of police headquarters. One of the thrilling incidents of a D. A. R. convention is the election of officers. No truly petriotic citizen of America neglects his or her politics. Easter is, as usual, a day of contrast- ing ideas, with devotional ceremonials which have as & background the annual brilliant display of fashion. The Easter parade is another of those events concerning which the weather man is likely to assert the final word. SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. At Eastertide. At Eastertide we pause in thought As life sweeps by with follies fraught. The empty laugh, the idle sneer, The baffiing hope, the needless fear, The vain magnificence and pride— Are all forgot at Eastertide. A thought in beauty then appears, Born far away these many years; A thought which must 'mongst men endure Eternally and all secure As Faith so gentle must abide, Yet 50 sublime at Eastertide. Designating the Access. “Perhaps we ought to have a back door to the office,” sald the confidential man, “for the use of lobbyists.” “I wouldn’t refer to it as a back door,” answered Senator Sorghum. “Call it a tradesman’s entrance.” Jud Tunkins says he used to listen to so much good advice that he couldn’t find time to put it into practice. ‘Treacherous Climate. Upon an early April day In sylvan bowers Were icicles, to my dismay, Instead of flowers. Current Events. “I pride myself on keeping thoroughly posted on current events” said the young man. “Turn on the radio,” answered Miss Cayenne. “I'm tired of hearing about crime news.” “To seek sympathy,” said Hi Ho, the sage of Chinatown, “may be only a needless effort to disturb another's Different Impressions. ‘These prohibition quarrels ‘With listeners play tricks. Sometimes they sound like morals; Sometimes like politics. “You's got to be humble now an’ then,” sald Uncle Eben. “You can't raise flowers right without gittin' on yoh knees to tend ‘em.” Bishop of deliver death lect to Test: “That them who th: th fear o) were all their Hfetime sul bondage.”—Hebrews, #.15. ‘The shadow that lies across every th is the fear of death. Shakespeare sums it up in these words: “The dread of something after death, The bl;nd.\mend country from whose urn No traveller returns, puzzles the will, makes us rather bear those ills we have Than fiy to others that we know not of.” Even those who have suffered the he might is beyond life, ho'z;m favorable or unfavorable its its opportunities, refuses to belleve that its horizons bounded by birth and himself and un It is literally true that the the ploneer, the adventurer, the seeker for a new land of inheres in all of us. It was this that made Huxley, vered | Peace D, . O Washington. sooner be in hell & deal.” To the ed | ghrines and ultimate compensation, no freer exist- ence, was abhorrent to him. Apart from all revelation, man finds within himself the justification for life beyond the grave. It i3 this that makes the message of Easter one to which the whole world responds. It is this that lifts the ministry and teac! of Jesus to & higher level than any the world has known. ‘“Because I live, ye shall live also,” “He that believeth in Me shall never die”—these and other a mations that fell from His lips gven Him s unique and central place the thought world over. He dissipated the shadows of the tomb. He destroyed the barriers | H. L. Landers “He sowed with rays of white light the pathway to the grave, And left at the gates of death a gleam a3 of the dawn.” In one form or another, in one creed or another, men have attempted to give expression to the hope He red. But, expressed or unexpressed, they have reposed confidence in Him whose resur- rection from the dead gives to Easter its meaning. Subtract the lesson of this day from man’s hope and expecta- tion and we take away the greatest stimulus to all that contributes to his of mind and his effort for attain- ment_of the high things of character. ‘The Easter message speaks of emancipa- tion of freedom from fear, of fulfillment of our deeper yearnings and aspirations. “Jesus lves! no Jesus lives! ‘Thou, O grave, canst not enthrall us. Alleluia!” “People’s Movement” and Wet Bloc Menace Republican House Control BY WILLIAM HARD. To the wet “bloc” in the approaching congressional elections there must now be added & new Negro “bloc”; and the effect of both “blocs” s to increase the chances of the Democrats for winning control of the next House of Repre- sentatives. Oscar de Priest, Republican Negro Representative in the Lower House of Congress from the first district of numu.m l:n' ch'lfiun. is me}u&l‘y respons| or the emergence of the Negro “bloc,” which is° called “the people’s movement.” The purpose of this movement essentially is to vote for Republican ‘candidates, or Democratic candidates, or independent candidates, in accordance solely with their attitude originated & Republican tative is almost without prec- dent. Authentic reports are that it going strong in Northern and border- tate congressional districts in which Negro voters are thickly congregated. It might readily prove decisive in many of those districts, and it has its origin in four main discontents. * k% Pirst, the Republican presidential campaign managers of last year dis- carded all efforts to please the Negroes in favor of efforts to please the South- ern whites. Second, the existing Re- publican administration has aj ted virtually no Negroes to office. Third, the Negro division of the Republican national committee has been closed down. Fourth, John J. Parker of North Carolina, accused of opposing Negro participation in politics, has been nominated to be a justice of the United States Supreme Court. This fourth discontent might have been in itself of minor consequence, It gets its im- portance from being the match which et é.he heap of the previous discontents on fire. Informed professional politicians here take this fire extremely seriously. In the three border States of Missouri and Kentucky and Maryland and in the Middle Western States of Illinois and Indiana and Ohio and in the four Eastern States of Pennsylvania and New Jersey and New York and Massa- chusetts there were 1,156,208 Negroes of voun;.g.zv.hnumotmm census. By natural increase and by immigration from the Far South thers are many more now. They have ironically but abundantly proved that they can vote for Democral k% * The Harlem region of New York City, which is classically a region of Negroes, contributes heavil; to sending to the Federal House of Representatives the Democratic Representative Anthony J. Griffin and the Democratic Representa- tive Joseph A. Gavagan. Mr. Gavagan in recognition of the situation has ad- mitted Negroes to his list of nominees for examination for admission to the Annapolis Naval Academy. Representa- tive Oscar de Priest’s “people’s movement” is based on the proposition that all Negroes should be as willing as the Negroes of Harlem to sult their partisan politics to their race interests. A g count shows that in the border States and in the North and East there are at least 25 con- gressional districts in which N voters are J\mmul enough and are coming independent enough to be able ke themselves possibly the de- termining weight in an election. That in these districts there will be defections next Fall from the Republican candi- dates to the Democratic candidates or to independent candidates now seems virtually inevitable. How these defections will be is & matter of guess, but that in certain instances they may well turn the scale is sure. * k¥ - A similar ecalculation can be made about the wet “bloc.” The wets, what- ever their numbers, will be more co- herently a “bloc” this Fall than in any previous Federal election. They are angrier than ever before, and richer and more disposed to leap party barriers. ‘They are rapidly becoming almost as bipartisan and non-partisan as . They are far yet from having reached that point, but they are speedily approaching it. Most of them W;lrg will continue to vote their straight tickets, irrespective of prohibition, but a larger fraction of them than ever before will scorn party tickets in favor 3; registering eir anti-prohibition ws. ‘This change, large or small, will in the North and East, because of the ad- ministration’s dryness, hurt the b~ licans and help the Democrats. re are at least a score of dry Republicans votes, now, they will be 3 e of them will get saved by their long litical services to their districts and their high personal reputes. Others, few or many, will get swamped. LR It is genuinely for these reasons that the Democrats can really hope, as they do hope, to make a triumphant show- the Lower House tural foodstuffs m have just helped 10y will b swepk to Victory, it swept, » ', if swej they are, dominantly by two fc o APRIL 20, 1930—PART TWO. Capital Sidelights BY WILL P. KENNEDY. How the United States Government is waking up to the responsibility it owes to succeeding generations in prop- erly authenticating and marking historic the battlegrounds on which this Nation won its place in the world of nations is being illustrated re- peatedly these days i legislative action. Of present tense interest is the measure authorising the Secretary of War to make & study, investigation and survey of the battlefield of Saratogs, where in the defeat of Gen. Burgoyne's | forces the Colonial troops made possible zcx::h:n.l‘.m?u M‘I:‘ of the Am the United States and & world power. tative Dickstein of New York and affection of men the | da of the Army War College, who is en- d in the study of battlefleld of ry to a comprehen- proper devel ent to make this a national shrine. Says: “In all likelihood the War of Independ- ence would not have terminated with success to the new Nation had it not WHAT MAKES HARD TIMES BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. Economists of the entire world today are raising the question of whether the carnival of spending which the| fogel ‘World War ushered in has fin come to an end, changes ed to affect all These changes may involve a lowering of the standard of living in all countries which have par- ticipated in the boom times during and immediately subsequent to the war. ‘The average price of all commodit today is the lowest it has been since 1920-21. That period was one of severe depression, following on the heels of the post-war boom when in- flation occurred. This average price is 10 points below what it was only a year ago. ‘That the condition is far from a local one, but rather appears to be a world-wide phenomenon, is shown by the fact that already this year the lon | dverage commodity price in England has dropped 5 per cent and that during the last 12 months it has declined no British prices aince been for the assistance given by France. | POFary_phase This assistance was sult of the surrender of Army at Saratogs.” Of interest to every student of history, and of value in giving many who have not been students the real facts, is the summary of Lieut. Col. Landers: “The United States declared its in- dependence on July 4, 1776. Shortly thereafter this new Nation sent three commissioners to France — in Franklin, Silas Deane and Arthur Lee— to negotiate with that country for sup- plies and to effect an alliance. Uni the revolutionists were successful on the fleld of break with England. “On October 17, 1777, the Army of Lieut. Gen. John Du!gyne surrendered to Maj. Gen. Horatio Gates at Saratoga. A copy of the articles of convention was sent to the American commissioners in France on October 31, 1777. The news of Burgoyne's surrender r France by a packet from Boston. It ‘aj - ently occasion France, orces— the wet “bloc” and the Negro “bloc"— | °®! The neither of which they have striven, as . , to create. now have 165 seats in the House of Representatives. They need to gain 53 seats in order to have a majority in it. Today in the House of Repre- sentatives are 54 Republicans coming from districts which were car- nedl.!;g t.txx:‘:)ec?xocnu el;'hu in 1922 or . lear enough, according- ly, that on general theory the electing of a Democratic majority in the House 1s thinkable; and, in the special eircum- stances of this year, it is certainly with- in practical possibility. (Copyright. 1930.) Census Pressed for Employment Report BY HARDEN COLFAX. Strong pressure is being brought to bear on the Bureau of the Census, both by private and governmental organiza- tions, to speed up the reports on un- employment. So far these efforts have been unavailing. William M. Steuart, director of the Census Bureau, declines to promise that the unemployment fig- ures will be available within a year, although he hopes to announce them within that time. Mr. Steuart asserts that the popula- tion figures must come first. These, he says, must be available before Congress meets in December to decide on con- essional _reapportionment. Various factors, chief among which is iliness of personnel, may keep tabulation fig- ures back, he points out, but it is hoped the employment figures “will be closely hitched with the population.” Officials of the Department of Labor and of the American Federation of Labor in protest declare that a year from now the unemployment figures com| by census may be abso. lutely valueless. The extent of unem- ployment now is of paramount interest to both workers and ucers. The latter have recognized the fact that the workers’ bu, power is the mainstay of indi production and that their own workers serve as an index of the possible volume of sales throughout the Nation. * ok kX Labor leaders object vigorously to the prior dissemination of population fig- ures for individual cities and towns. These, they assert, are purely local mat- ters which give individual committees an ty to “point with pride.” G in population, they say, well may reflect a growth of unemployment which is highly dangerous. State labor officials and labor leaders are, therefore, inclined to place a mini~ mum value on the unemployment fig- ures to be forthcoming from the census. They add that the census is not de- signed to reflect modern conditions. ‘Transfers of employment, they say, do not mean unemployment. These changes in the numbers employed do not reflect actual conditions in various sections, but show rather changes in the location of industrial activities. This has been thoroughly exemplified, they state, in the radio, aviation and automobile industries. # A new policy has come into existence in regard to the training of workers, the Bureau of Education points out. Manufacturers who are changing their by-lines are likewise seeking to change the adaptabllity of their workers. The !day when manufacturers measured ef- ficlency has passed. They have studied waste of motion, lighting problems and fresh air circulation with reference to efficiency until they have arrived at definite conclusions. Now they are studying the mental attitude of the worker toward his job and toward his eflcumr{. hj‘ that job. ‘This just another way of sayin that they are striving for dzvelopmen{ the | of, “captains of men” as well as cap- tains of money. They have found reliable statistics that workers do ml:'y eficlent work and produce less per man-power hour in some plants where lighting, sanitation and hard-and-fast factory practices are in effect than in other factories where advantage is taken of direction and psychology. * ok ok X ‘Time and motion studies are valuable, but the deciding factor, it has been found, lies in the mental attitude raised consciousness of the worker. As a result of realization of these facts the General Electric Co. is work- ing in conjunction with the American Federation of r. S0 are a half dozen other big industrial concerns. | The Western Electric Co, is conducting experiments in conjunction with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and with Harvard University. * ok ok X Still other companies are seeking per- sonalities that have the possibilities of worker inspiration. The railroad world has not forgotten the achievement of “Roaring Dan” Lyons, who was field superintendent for the Fitzpatrick Bros. in the building of the railroads wve | west of the Mississippl. Wearing an to | ter and Summer, Dan in Eastern manufacturers and workingmen upon whose daily purchases of agricul- Irish frieze ulster and a straw hat Win- Lyons inspired his crews to feats of track-laying which never since have been equaled. He did it because he was a captain of men. The same study is being given the career of John McSorley, superintend- ent of the Daley West Mining Co., and & score of others. All had their individual methods, but all aroused a desire for emulation among the grod under them which 12, o As the sary, a courier was dispatched to that country the following day. “On February 6, 1778, two treaties were signed with France, one of amity and commerce, the other a treaty of al- liance in which it was stipulated that in case England declared war against | to France or occasioned a war by attem to hinder her commerce with the United States, the two countries would then make common cause. “The great aim of that treaty was declared to be to ‘establish the liberty, sovereignty and independence, absolute and unlimited, of the United States as well in matters of government as com- merce.’ " As a result of that treaty, Lieut. Col. Landers points out, “from 1778 to 1781 France furnished money, supplies, ships and men to the United States. With the aid of her fleet, control of the sea was gained by the allied nations in the Fall of 1781, and the army of Corn- wallis was forced to surrender at York- LR In these days of generai motor tour- ing over the Qood roads of the country, with most of the American families looking forward to a trip to Wasl during the bicentennial celebration in 1932, it is timely to realize that George ‘Washington, hiniself, was the pioneer of our great Federal highway system, and that many of the visitors will ac- tually travel over a great highway which he projected. Thomas H. MacDonald, chief of the Federal Bureau of Public Roads and chairman of the Highway Education Board, es us that authentic informa- for other tnan riiiary purposes began or other military purposes n with the ‘National Pike’' or ‘Cumber- land Road’ said to have been the original conception of Gen. Washing- ton. On March 28, 1806, President Jefferson signed the bill approp! $30,000 for a preliminary survey, a actual work was begun not long % * x k% Some time ago at the of Newton D. Baker, war-time Secretary ] w"'c Virgini ho is Moore of ia, wi an authority on historic started an inquiry as to the the name of the Wakefield place in ‘Westmoreland County, Va., where Gen. ‘Washington was born, and which is now being restored in preparation for the bicentennial celebration in 1932 ‘Washington’s birth. PFinding that within a few miles of Sulgrave Manor there is a “Wakefleld House” in the village of Grafton, he believed that the name might have been taken from that. But correspondence considered Vi ia, of with the Rev. Isham Longdon of the |1 county in which Sulgrave Manor is located, and who is author of & book on the ancestors of Washington, satisfied him that that idea is untenable. Representative Moore now has a letter from C. A. Hoppin, who has written & great deal on the con- ‘ashingtons, curring in the conjecture contained in | sa; Sawyer’s blography of Washington, that the name of Wakefleld was adopted following publicati of Goldsmith's “Vicar of Wakefleld.” Wakefield was built by A e Washington, 1718-20, and was burned 1780. Mr. Hoppin wrote Representative Neeusiing Wahingion. son snd neir of Auj e , son and heir of George Washington's half-brother, Au- gustine Washington, jr., named the lace Wakefiéld after Oliver Goldsmith's k, ‘The Vicar of Wakefield,' which became circulated in America at about the time that William Augustine Wash- jon that the estate was ever called ‘Wakefleld® until after Gold- smith’s work became read in Vi ia. 'mm:l awmhm named ?‘thgl ::m : of ‘Haywood,’ and ° " while other sections were called “Whit- ley, ‘Laurel Grove’ ‘Duck Hall' and ‘Bleak Hall’” * ok ok * An interesting ceremony occurred last week, when the residence, at 1801 F street_northwest, of Representative Robert Bacon of New York, whose ‘brother, Gaspar Bacon, is president of the Massachusetts State Senate, was marked with a tablet eummmon:;:: the fact that this house was occul by the famous chief justice, John Mar- shall. Many of Marshall’s descendants attended the ceremony, which was con- cted the District of Columbia Chapter, Daughters of the American Revolution. The program included the ceremony of unveiling the marker by es H. Wi , C. A. R, an John Augustine Washington, C. A. R., greatgrandchildren of John Marshall. The marker was presented by Mrs. Harry Colfax Grove, State historian; Mrs. David D Caldwell, State regent. The acceptance of the marker was by Mrs. Flora Myers Gillentine, historian general of the national soclety, D. A. R. A tribute to Chief J was given former Stanley of Kentucky, and from the State of Vi , where Mar- shall was , was paid by Representa- tive R. Walton Moore of Virginia. Jus Senator A. O. a tribute Representative R. Walton |, ecessary f | m ven only as a re- the British | & the world. Wheat has attention in this country, the Federal Farm Board having spent millions of dollars in trying to support the mar- ket, to no apparent avail. But eotton has not been materially more fortunate. Raubber, silk, wool, jute, coffee, such re- t growers have alarm and some into bankruptey. ‘There are two %ma of thought as to what un are responsible for the One holds that a shortage of developed. It is true that last 10 years the annual output precious metal has been $78,000,0 year below the 1907-1916 average. world now is on the gold stan for currency. ‘The banks the world must have gold to their issu reserves. As note to meet the demands of and more gold must be put k' As prices rise more and money required as a medium of exchange. s concurrence of Spain was neces- explana/ i vastly overproduced. anomaly, but if this view Half just slowly finishing the big tridej Slow Building Appropriations. t ng time to come. ing in The Star of Aj that a somewhat valled in Congress pul constructions than that which is now effecting the transformation of the Capital: ““The action of the House appropria- tions committee in umnn"?m- the immediate deficiency bill the tion to ennvlet: afixm ni s ‘The 132, erent Tegare Congress Slacks on on the part of Increase of Police. 0! proper policing of the Caj , but the first flurry of agitation the matter lapsed. The Star of April 14, 1880, ys: “The zeal with which Congress took hold of the ition to increase District police force to have died out and the subject seems now to be led almost with indifference. The necessity for a larger police is as great now as when the Hirth murder posed increase, but thep were of or importance and neither side manifested + ition to be unreasonable upon the subject. These questions could be adjusted in a short time by a confer- ence, the House committee thought 100 men should be added to the force, while the Senate committee held the opinion that 50 would be sufficient. Then as to increasing the number of officers, the Senate committee was opposed that. With regard to the of the lice, the House was e more liberal, but this question would not cause any dispute. The risks and exposures incident to a policeman’s life should be considered in fixing his pay, together with the importance of securing good men. When upon the | subject of pay, the Senate committee tacitly agreed that they were willing to be governed by the District Commis- sioners to a considerable extent uj that point. indicates the bill would be without any difficulty if an attempt were made.” * * % A craze for investment or speculation in mining shares prevailed 50 years Small Profits in 8. g g tice Marshall | Undergroun: Hemuhfln Bacon, as master of historic house, also spoke of Marshail’s | the facts and place in history. drawn machinery, such as the McCor- ‘mick reaper and binder, first was intro- duced, agriculture lull':ed. Because ns could raise larger erops wed a period of depression, whlch‘;flrcwd mhl‘;thi farmers, b!h- cause the huge volume of crops brought down their prices. Next it affected tradesmen the purchasing pow- er of the farmers was lowered. To s considerable extent a similar sif has been produced by the ap- plication of motor-driven machinery to farm production. Even more than in the case of horse-drawn farming impie- ments, the tractor and the many other modern engines now so widely used on farms throughout the world have re- 1 labor, has meant that by accepting the progress represent- ed by thege inventions the farmers have worked themselves out of jobs. The disproportion is very great. Actually, by employment of some of the farming machinery, two or three men can do what & hundred were required to do not % many years ago. Large Crops and Machine Labor, The farm distress has resulted be- ulation out of the land. production has the inevitable As the result of the World War crops was tremendously stimulated. Even in England, which had practically ceased to be anything but ch | 80 industrial hive, every available acre Wwas put to cultivation. Vi were plowed up and crops raised on courts. ice was no differeat. L T o , in response, not merely home countries in Europe, but every country began raising food. The Ameri- can farmers luced vastly. South American coun! planted as never be- fore. It was & profitable business at the illage greens seRRe, zaglég g Chicago Plays Cat and Mouse With Criminals BY OLIVER SHERWOOD, CHICAGO, April 19.—Although striv- world as a model s to sell local officials lfllldu’l be re- |Of “Stalk the criminal day and ht. mehlm!mmhwn’amm:‘:’:‘he Nieke the dincintive gy e just, but £ 3 S DR o ing with hwgmnn Let m'l enforce- ment gh‘“ be rvhn'.leul and remorse- less. pense mercy only to the man Who has learned his lesson and gives substantial evidence of his desire to go t. “You don't hear of many robberies i Delaware where they have the whipping post, or in Canada or England :Eer' they, catch the criminal and punish In seeking to drive out and to punish the criminal, the Crime Commission ‘mach! guns. law against the criminals a independent criminal court is % There is tangible evidence that the Cl police are getting results in their fight against the gunmen who play the hl)lAi-lSl profession. Chicago courts, too, are showing r effectiveness and in handling cases. But those produced cost about five times as its real value. Silver min- o better results, accord- gold uch