Evening Star Newspaper, February 23, 1930, Page 29

Part 2—-8 Pages EDITORIAL SECTION he Sunday Star. WASHINGTON, D. C, SUNDAY MORNING, FEBRUARY 23, 1930. NAVAL CONFERENCE LACKS DOMINATING Robinson Is Most Conspicuous United | State Delegate, Is Most BY FRANK H. SIMONDS. ONDON.—When one compares the Naval Conference with prev- jous great international gather- ings, such as the Paris Peace Conference, the Washington as- sembly of 1921, and the Geneva session which admitted the Germans in 1926, n is more striking than the ab- sence of any dominating personality or, for that matter, personalities. At Paris all other men were over- shadowed by the famous Big Three— Clemenceau, Wilson, Lloyd George. Here, w] ‘Tardieu has certainly play- ed the most prominent role, thanks primarily to the strength of the French position, no one could for a moment suggest that in any respect he measured up to the old Tiger whose lieutenant he was in 1919. He has been an able, astute, clear-headed representative of France, by all odds the frankest, most approachable of all the principal dele- | gates. But that is all. Macdonald, for his part, recalls Wil- son much more than Tardieu does Clemenceau. but Wilson with many striking erences. To be sure. one must recognize the difficulties of the British premier’s position. For him the conference is but one of many problems. ler of a minority government in perpetual crisis and head of the gov- ernment of a nation wrestling with economic problems of incalculable magnitude, he has not been able to concentrate upon the Naval Conference &8 Wilson did on the Peace Congress. Lacks Wilson's Power. But this is by no means the whole story. Macdonald, for all his personal suggestions of the former American President, totally lacks his for t phrases, his power to the lism of millions for the undertak- ing which he had at hand. By con- trast, Macdonald is an able parliamen- tarian, a first-rate speaker, but at no time he given proof of moral or Liloyd e is e e, Lo, Semes i between one of the most picturesque and amazingly interesting figures of our vwn time and a man who is totally in all familiar *appeals to the m'/?-u Mm?eom had wit, humor, infinite ingenuity; Ramsay Macdonald has none of these. . to the Washington Confer- ence, which is more familiar to Amer- icans, no one would for a moment dream of ascribing to Col. Stimson any- lllln'!‘:l the role played by Gov. Hughes at earlier o In a certain sense Hughes was b conference. He dominated bhcanemnym secretly through the vate emleeneu.“‘ge l’mmmigf as much of a mystery man as Hughes was a central mreq Robinson Stands Out. Actually the most important in the American delegation has Senator Robinson. tisan consideration. Here, to be mnwhn was loyally sup- ported by Senator Reed, so that actu- the Senate was always present in deliberations of the delegation. But beyond this, slowly but surely, Senator Robinson’s personality has gone over. The British have found him the man in our delegation with whom it was most easy to talk business. His senatorial e: spared him a cer- tain lack of confidéence and hesitation noticeable in our other representatives. And along with this the press found him the one man who was ready to dis- cuss the business of the conference in the same manner he would at home have talked about a political conven- tion or a Senate struggle. On one or two critical occasions, too, notably over the battleship issue, Robinson instantly and naturally took the lead and his views were those which prevailed—rather because of their soundness, to be sure, than because of PERSONALITY While Morrow Active. | been the most acn‘xmd. from the | | point of negotiation. the man who has | done the most delicate tasks on our side. In the first stages Morrow’s job | | was patently to find out the French | state of mind, to examine difficulties | and seek means for dealing with both psychological and practical difficulties. And it was not 24 hours after Tardieu arrived before the French premier and the American Ambassador became measurably the diplomatic leaders of the drama. The first time I saw Tar- dieu he said to me, “I believe Morrow and I are going to do something.” And from that point onward Franco-Amer- ican relations became, as they have re- mained, wholly cordial, largely, I think, because Morrow convinced Tardieu that 50 far from opposition of French views he found sympathy in the American delegation. But the French difficulty was soon abolished. In point of fact, Tardieu's‘ success at The Hague. thanks to Brit- | ish support, had removed much ill will | created by the Snowden episode at the | first Hague conference. As a conse- | quence it was only a few days before | Morrow was drawing up proposals | which might compose Franco-Italian | difficulties. Thus if you say Robinson | was the political director and Morrow the diplomatic agent you give an ac- curate notion of the actual situation in the American delegation. Adams stood always ready to speak for his Navy, but limited his mission to this. Gibson was an invaluable adviser both in the mat ter of past conferences and present pei sonalities. Dawes was utterly in the background. But Robinson and Morrow were real forces. - Conference Lacks High Lights. And yet, compared with all the con- ferences I have ever known, this has been lacking in exactly the zhe‘ editors and columnists like to call high | lights and personalities. Will Rogers tried to find these, gave the task up and | fled home early. Mencken. followed a, little later and with equal disgust. | Rogers got the best laugh visiting Ber- | nard Shaw, not the conference, and Mencken was only moved when the Rotary Club message was read in the press conference. Act: there has been about the whole affair rather the character of a business conference, a meeting of experts and ates behind closed doors. To stir the pooular pulse cne t, to raise the public temperature one degree by recounting a desperate struggle between categorists and glob- ulars has been beyond the wers of the combined and assol writing g::éu of 40 ':atinm and 5 continents Tepresen More and more the main issue took the form of a business deal; reports of sessions resembled the information llect from a hurried glance at the stock ticker. Quotations in tonnages, fluctuations in submarines | and these were the daily Lar- | vest of news. ‘There never was but one sensation and that came when Stimson, wrengly informed that the Chicago Tribune had got hold of the secret of his cruiser program, hastily summoned the press to a night conference and announced his own figures. But this sensation, | which for a day provoked British and for three disturbed French temper, had no_consequence. | I suppose when all is said and done | the conference has been dull becauss | | nothing but a fight or series of fights | could make interesting a conference | actually concerned in mathematics. | | Moreover, because not only the d!l!-‘ | gates, but the whole worid, expected the conference to be enlivened by pic- | turesque clashes between indignant | statesmen, the absence of all such high | lights gave it a drab aspect of anti- | climax. | Dinner Instead of Duel. There was a moment when it seemed possible that Tardieu and Grandi might come into sharp collision, but instead of a duel there was a dinner, and all later differences had a pure pickwickian flavor. Sometimes there was a slight crackle of musketry fire between the national presses of the British and French and the French and Italian, but | invariably it died down withdut produc- | ing any grand attack. | Years ago some wag described one of the almost innumerable post-war inter- national gatherings as a conference to end conferences. In a certain sense this | has been the conference to do that trick. | It takes the suspense and drama which | belong only to issues of war and peace | | to give a conference real popular appeal | |or actual dramatic quality. And, praise | | heaven, that element has gone. Instead any appeal to Senate authority. Again |a lot of lawyers and business men have one must say in fairness that in much |sat down to deal with the adjustment that he did Senator Robinson was back- | of shipping tonnage, and have differed, ed by Reed, who played an important | argued and compromised. The captains role; vet, all in all, I think Robinson |and kings who made the earlier confer- | must be rated the most successful figure ences memorable have departed. And, | in our delegation. Morrow Most Active. 1f Robinson has been the most con- ous figure, however, no one can bt that Ambassador Morrow has /in a word, we have had for the first | | time not a peace conference but a con- | ference in peace. If there ever was any | | doubt as to the fact that the war is | over, this conference has demolished it. American Archeolog Eastern Kings Against “Chosen People” BY RALPH V. D. MAGOFFIN, . Ph B. LL D. Professor of Classics. For its size Palestine harbors more archeological expeditions than. any other country in the world; perhaps more than any other country, no mat- ter what size. The chief reasons are two—the interest that is certain to at- tach to the discovery of a long lost Biblical site and the fine co-operation shown by Great Britain to scientific archeological enterprise, ‘The American School at Jerusalem has a habit of sending its director and students on Spring trips over the coun- . ‘These trips are usually productive of results. The trip this last Spring is no exception. The occupation of Mount Ephraim by the “Cnosen People” has been a moot question for many years. ‘The mountain seems to have been heav- ly forested in ancient times and, there- fore, would have been occupied in the main by non-sedentary, or semi- lic shepherds until the time that forests were cut off by the Israel- Mount Ephraim Occupied. Excavations of a half-dozen sites within the last five years, however, show that a sedentary population set- on Mount Ephraim about 2000 B.C., it was interrupted about 1500 resettled about 1200 B.C. S l .-?g g g it i lets | are inside the edge of the desert Gilead. (Copyright, 1930.) ists Trace March of stroyed by the Philistine about 1050 B. The old Jewish site of Meiron (an- cient Merom) was studied also. Shreds belonging to the late bronze and early iron ages showed that Merom was oc- cupied at the time the Israelites con- quered Galilee, as told in Joshua. There seems to be no longer any doubt that it was here that Joshua defeated the coalition headed by King Jabin of Hazor (Tell-el-Oedah). Finds Battle Route of Kings. The expedition also found confirma- tory evidence of th: account in the fourteenth chapter of Genesis about the march of the kings of the east toward Mount Seir. The war was begun by Chedorlaomer of Elem with his Mesopo- tamian forces, to which were added the army of the Canaanite princes of the region near the Dead Sea. The argu- ment against the campaign has been that no route existed by which these armies could have come. But Albright's expedition established in Transjordania practically the entire length of the road. During the trip the Tell of Irbid was identified as the Beth-arbeel or Hosea 10:14; the modern village of Ham as the Ham of Genesis xiv (No. 118 on the list of Thutmose III, about 1480 B.C.). mound of Tell-el-Husn rmlmulv had been identified as Ramoth-Gilead. The identification was made by ex- amination and tabulation of a line of mounds or tells of the bronze age. ‘rhg Outside of the Jordan Valley there are no other bronze age sites in Gilead. The line, therefore, is the an- cient caravan route, as bed in Genesis xiv, and must have been the road followed by the -m? of Chedor- laomer. What Admiral Byrd Has Done Achievements of Antarctic Expedition Recapitulated—Many Mysteries of South Pole Cleared Up Longitude East Mt Terror 3, \ Mt Harmsworth Skelton I nlet Barne Inlet A loszs B "My Christehirch & LiND 4 180 Longitude o Mt. Longsta g West 170 Greenwich 160 Y Tl i i & I! 1 i 3 il i | iy ) My 18~ DISCOVERY INLE oy f;\\“ B oss™" 1€ DISCOVERY INLET AND BARRIER FLIGHT - ) Shackleton Inlet > = ~ SIS The Cloudmaker 3% LEXANDRA\ =% 5 S U. S. in W BY MARK SULLIVAN. ° i ©O short is memory, so rapidly has | one colorful figure followed an- | other in the last quarter century | of American history that few | persons estimate the height of | the drama in which Willlam H. Taft | played a part. ‘The climax of it may be said to have been on November 4, 1912, and that is | less than 18 years ago. The last act,| the closing curtain of it, may be said | to have been a reconciliation that oc- | curred between Taft and Theodore | Roosevelt in 1915, and that is less than 15 years ago. | Yet the excitement that accompanied | | that drama, the importance of its bear- | ing on American history, is forgotten or | unrealized—it was engulfed in the greater drama of America’s participa- tion in the World War. The story of Taft and Roosevelt was partly tragedy, partly comedy in the serious sense, and at spots high farce. About the whole of it one can say,| without exaggeration, that the rela-| | tions between two men—beginning with | intimate friendship, ending in strong | hostility—accounted for as much his- | tory in America as the relations of any two men who figure in Gibbon’s Rome or Macaulay's England accounted for | in ancient history. Because our Amer- | ican drama happened in our own times, | before out living eyes, and was record- |ed from day to day in penny newspa- | pers, most of us fail to realize how im- | portant it was, many of us lacking the | | imagination to recognize historical pageantry until it is presented to us in | books or on the stage. Ended in Mutual Affection. I have said that the relation “ended | in strong hostility.” But it did not. | & restoration of mutual affection which | It ended in a moving reconciliation and | Roosevelt urged Taft to 'TAFT-ROOSEVELT QUARREL MADE AMERICAN HISTORY |Feud Brought Wilson’s Election and Determined Participation of orld War. For many a sun has set and shone On the path we used to trudge, When I was a king in Was| And you were a circuit judge. I passed the lie and you passed it back; You said it was all untruth. I said that honesty was your ‘You said I'd nor reck nor ruth; You called me a megalomaniac— I called you a Serpent’s Tooth. Began Friendship Early. ‘William H. Taft and Theodore Roose- velt began their friendship very early, when both occupled subordinate Gov- ernment posts in Washington, from 1890 to 1892, sharing a zest for public service which Roosevelt expressed as civil service commissioner, Taft as solici~ tor general. They lived near each other, met frequently at the homes of each other and of mutual friends, walked to their offices together occasionally— passing the White House, then occupied by Benjamin Harrison, and turning un- consciously to glimpse its unfalling glamour (though it was Roosevelt alone of the two whose thrill was associated with a personal dream). After advance- ment in their careers separated them from Washington and from each other they Kept alive their friendship through correspondence and occasional - meet- ings. When Roosevelt succeeded to the presidency through the death of Me- Kinley in 1901, among the subordinates he inherited was Taft, usefully radiating good will in the important task of gov- erning our Far Eastern possession, the Philippines, Inside of a year Roosevelt made the first of three urgent efforts to bring Taft back to Was] and near to himself. Two of Roosevelt's efforts took the form of offers to Taft to make him a justice of the Supreme Court. The unusual phrasing of a letter in which on the | bench is intimate evidence of the strong |lasted_from the reconciliation in 1915 friendship between the two men at that | until Roosevelt’s death in 1919. Of all | time. " |the ‘tributes evoked by Roosevelt's| —“Dear Will,” Roosevelt wrote in Be- | death, and more elevated than formal | cember, 1902, to Taft, in Manila, “I am tributes, the spontaneous expressions of | awfully sorry, old man, but after faith- | deep, personal sorrow—none was more | ful effort to try to arrange matters on | appealing than Taft's. “Strong hos- | the basis you wanted I find that I shall tility” is an accurate characterization of | have to bring you home and put you | the phase that lasted about two years, | on the Supreme Court. I am very sorry. | from early 1912 until about 1914, but | I have the greatest confidence in your |1t was a hostility that arose outside the | judgment, but after all old fellow, i | two men, a hostility inherent in the po- | you will permit me to say so, I am Presi |litical situation and unescapable from |dent and see the whole field. . . . | the roles they filled as leaders and | After the most careful thought,- after | symbols of two powerfully antagonistic | the most earnest effort as to what you Christopher. ~yristopher .. Mt. Don Redro \Christoph mrod %o s 2\ 33— Mt. Helland H. N GEOLOGICAL PARTY IN THE MOUNTAINS From basic data and Interpretations supplied by the American Geographical Society of New York. THE AREAS OF ANTARCTICA EXPLORED BY THE BYRD EXPEDITION. THE FIVE MAJOR FLIGHTS, A THE The BY RUSSELL OWEN. Wireless to the New York Times. LITTLE AMERICA, ANTARCTICA. HE most important, accomplish- ments of the Byrd Antarctic e: pedition have been the explor: tion flights on which new moun- tain ranges have been found and a new land discovered, the geological sledging journey to the Queen Maud Range, which has yielded rich results in an entirely new fleld, and the aerial surveying by means of which the tangi- ble discoveries on the flights will be SEVEN OUTSTANDING brought back to civilization.. Important | meteorological, magnetic and other | work has also been done. 4 Admiral Byrd feels that the results of the flights and sledging journeys have been more than he had anticipat- ed. The finding of the new mountain range to the northeast on the last flight, while not entirely unexpected, was a much greater discovery than he had hoped for. As a matter of fact, one of the odd things about the flights has been that in areas where discoveries of ACHIEVEMENTS. shaded area on this map and the black area in the inset represent the extent of the territory explored and observed by Admiral Byrd and his asso- ciates. The outstanding achievements, in chronological order, are indicated by the numerals and are the following: January 27, 1929. 2—Discovery of Marie Byrd Land, February 18, 1929, 4—Discovery of new mountain range on flight to South Pole, November 28, 1929. of Barrier Inlet and vast coastal mountain range on flight to the northeast, Dece mber 5, 1929. resulting in the accumulation of much scientific data and the erasure of Amundsen’s Carmen La; 1—Discovery of the Rockefeller Mountains, 3—Discovery of Charles Bob Mountains on the depot-laying flight, November 18, 1929. 5—Conquest of the South Pole by airplane, November 29, 19 7—Route of geological party through the mountai nd from the chart of Antarctica. and where Admiral Byrd did not expect | tion, because of the efficiency of the to find much except ice-covered islands | airplane for this work. When added to and a low-lying coast a magnificent | this area is that included by the geo- mountain range popped out of the ice- | logical party to the east, the extent of rimmed sea. the operluor‘t‘sul;e'gomeu lndeedd !'n‘l;gea ‘The first were made the day e T e e e vy "eitb. | the Fairchild plane was tested Inst year mated at 150,000 square miles, and the |on January 15. On that day Admiral 6—Discovery , this journey Byrd made a short exploration flight area seen on the flights is probably much larger, for the camera was not used on all ‘the eastern flights of last year. That Is a huge territory, probably a much greater territory than was ever land were looked for nothing was found, | discovered or surveyed by one expedi- along the coast toward Discovery Inlet, on which he was able to see far into the interfor because of the excellent visi- bility. It w trict_into_which no t Third Page.) Greece’s Perennial Premier Venizelos, Who Has Again Arisén to Power, Took Over Reins First Time in 1910. BY COUNT CARLO SFORZA, Former Italian Minister for Foreign Affairs. ENIZELOS has been, and still is, the most beloved and the most hated man in cotemporary Greece. But I think it will be difficult for the sons of those who hate him still not to acknowledge some day—although in the Orient hatreds usually become family traditions—that Venizelos was, until the World War, an exceptionally fine servant of the Hejlenic nation. He served Greece well when, as a small lawyer in Crete—then still in the hands of the Turks—he succeeded in embod;ing all the hopes of the Christian Cretans and eventually in achieving the only possible solution—the annexation of Crete to the Hellenic Kingdom. He again served his country well when he took the reins of government in 1910, after the apparent success of the military regime, the pronuncia- mento, that was in reality a failure. The Military League had indeed represented all the hopes of a people disappointed by the bad administration of politicians. With that spirit that characterizes all those who believe in the wonders of a rule of s, the league had set to work with the most naive confidence— uhnulytoromurlwholflthu:: rything goes wrong because civilians are not eficlent—but it had failed miserably before the gravity of obstacles and s which those excellent colonels had not as much as imagined. His Promise to King. Impossible, as matters stood, to back to the discredited politicians of ol there was no one left n& Venizelos. | vatage I should ascribe it—that the heard from King George I of Greece himself, at Aix-les-Bains, that Venizelos told him at his first audience: “If your majesty accepts my program and allows me to cl my own means, I will give him in five years a Greece strengthened and new, capable of enjoying respect abroad.” Witty and good-natured as he was and with his common sense and his love of life, King George reminded me of King Edward of England, with this difference —and I do not know to whose ad- Englishman was very fond of his royal authority, and even of the outward ap- pearance of his royal authority, whereas the Dano-Hellenic put no bounds to his disenchanted skepticism. It thus was easy for the King of the Hellenes to ac- cept the ill-concealed dictatorship of the Cretan, who repaid him by giving back to the royal princes their rank in the army and the privileges of which the Military League had deprived them. ‘Venizelos was able to show King George only three years after he had made his promise a Greece that was, or seemed u;l beineomx;}fitcly renm{:;fd. lnBu: “1:‘; all, politics—especially ore! p:‘l_l“ ven ‘“seeming” is part of reality. Difficult also to deny that Venizelos again served Greece in the Balkan wars. It is perhaps not accurate to Rice of all the Balkan peopies agatnst ance o n peopl ‘Turkey, as most French wrif dog- matically assert. King Nicholas of Montenegro boasted of having had the idea first; others have said that the real promoter of the alliance was Bou- cher, the famous correspondent in the Balkans, The truth ieihat the ldea of 1| the Balkanic alliance in the air, was inevitable, from the moment that Italy had in 1911 declared war on Tur- key for the possession of Tripolitania and Cyrenaica. Venizelos Gave In. Venizelos was less well inspired in the peace that followed the short war | that Greeks, Serbians and Rumanians waged l,linll the Bulgarians about _the shares of the common spoils of the Bal- kan conflicts. -Undoubtedly the Bulga- rians had been guilty of having listened to advice from Vienna; but Bulgaria is a great living reality of the Balkans, and it would have been wise to granc her honorable terms even after her de- feat. It seems, truth to tell, that Veni- zelos at one time inclined to leave them Cavalla, a port that y_to Bulgaria and useless to Greece. But he soon gave in to the unbridled pas- sions of the populace. But those are minor mistakes that are easily explained by the prevailing atmosphere of the day. It was with the World War that Venizelos' most terrible time began. His defenders have sometimes main- tained that his decision to throw Greece, the majority of whose people were for into the maelstrom of the supreme moral reason—his loyalty to the treaty of alli- ance with Serbia, which had been at- tacked. From Pachich’'s own is, from him who might have the most to say against Greece—I learned the details of his exchange of ideas with Venizelos on this subject. Venizelos had left Athens by sea, bound for Belgium, whither he intended to go through Austria when on landing at Trieste he learned the Austrian ultimatum to In spite of this, Venizelos wanted to go on with his journey, and he did not turn back before he had reached Mun- chen, where he learned that Germany was_mobilizing. Austrian mobilization might mean an Austro-Serbian war, but German mobilization meant a European war, And that alone induced him to return to Athens. Pachich put some questions to him concerning the atti- tude of Greece. Venizelos answered as follows:' If Bulgaria was attacking Ser- bia, Greece would immediately grant her armed ass| ce. If it were Aus- tria and not Bulgaria that was attack- ing Serbia, he would go into the matter on his return to Athens. Urged Quick Intervention. Undoubtedly, as soon as the conflict became general, Venizelos did not hesi- tate for a moment. On the contrary, his one fear was, that he should come into the war too late. He even declared to his ministers, during a cabinet meet- ing: “We must make up our minds to intervene at once, for in three weeks the allies will be in Berlin.” How can one explain this blindness at the very time when in Italy men that | 5 ? The truth was that men of Bissolati's type might be either wrong or right, but at any rate they were thi European thought. While Ve for all his admirable intellectual on that occasion spoke a merely Levan- tine th t. He still had the concep- (Continued en Fourth Page.) | factions of the Republican party. | ‘The political feud was deadly one.| Literally deadly, for either the Repub- | lican_party under Taft had to die or | | the Progressive one under Roosevelt | must—and did. It was the knowledge of the contending political factions that it | was a lfe or death fight—it was that | that inevitably made Taft and Roosevelt | | antagonists; they were the respective I heads of the factions and could not | adequately live up to their obligations |to their followers without being an-| tagonists to each other. It i ful if Roosevelt ever really * very doubt- ated” Taft, and as for Taft it is certain that his| would not allow him to “hate" | | nature anybody. desired and thought best, I ha irrevocably, to the decision that ppoint you to the Supreme Court in the vacancy caused by Judge Shiras' resignation. . . what I am doing displeases you, but as 1 said, old man, this is one of the cases where the President, if he is fit for hi: position, must take the responsibility.” Reasons Are Too Complex. The reasons Tfat did not take Dlace that Roosevelt offered hifm on Supreme Court are too compléx to ! in so brief a space as this article. should say, however, that Taft wan to be on the Supreme bench more he ever wanted anything else—wan it to a greater degree and over a longe: e_come. I shall Should Have Known Roosevelt. It was a day, moreover when politics | was more robust—and more robustious —than now. is anything dramatic in the present Persons who think there | and more continuous period of time. But at this time, for reasons not to be stated here, he decided to remain in the Philippines. After Taft declined to come back to spiit of the Republicans in the. Senate, | WAshington as a justice of the Supreme should have known Roosevelt and his day, his fights—oh, his fights! With the Senate, with Congress altogether, with Harriman, with Standard Oll, with Pulitzer, with Tillman, with Bailey, with Taft. When Roosevelt fought, he fought! To charge an opponent with uttering a willful and deliberate false- hood” was one of the milder of Roose- | velt’s epithets—and sometimes he got | as good as he gave, and a little more. | When Bailey of Texas had occasion to question Roosevelt's veracity, Bailey ‘used no such tame euphemism as | “falsehood"—Bailey said, ‘“‘unqualified, deliberate and malicious liar,” and | thrice repeated it. There were, as the movies might put it—there were politics in them thar days, and Taft and Roosevelt, when their respective followers fell into rival camps, remained, personally—especially ‘Taft—decidedly above the current level of political controversy as then prac- ticed.. . Taft-Roosevelt Fight Determined Much. ‘The relation between Taft and Roose- | velt directly determined the Presidency |for 12 years. Their friendship deter- | mined that Taft should be made Presi- | dent in 1909, their hostility that Wilson }should become President in 1912, | By bringing about the election of | Wilson the quarrel between Taft and Roosevelt determined much more—de- termined the time and the manner of our participation in the Great War; determined, indeed, wheather we should enter the war or not, and if so on which side, for the history of the United States with respect to the Great ‘War was largely the history of the mind of Woodrow Wilson. The qurrel between Taft and Roose- velt—in its less momentous moments— threw the Republican party out of power and brought it s0 near to death that in the election of 1912 it carried only: two states—Vermont and Utah— it gave the Democrats the longest ten- ure of office they had had since the Civil War, and brought into existence thes most aggressive and most speedily formidable third party America has ever had. Accounted for Political History. In short, the human relations be- tween Willlam H. Taft and Theodore Roosevelt accounted for most of the political history of America during the epochal period, 1908-20. The upheavals it wrought in the channels of Amer- ican politics gave such modification of direction to the currents of our history Aas imagination can only speculate about. To those who were drawn into the emotional whirlwind it engendered— and practically every American was—it seemed national drama of epic dimen- slons. Literally, no American dreamed of greater drama that was destined to interrupt it, and to turn America's mind to more tragic events. The im- portance of the Taft-Roosevelt era and Court, Roosevelt, in 1903, finally suc- ceeded in bnn[ln& side and into his offic President, In those four words “Roosevelt made Taft President,” ob & good deal of history is condensed. ‘It is only de- sirable to say here that the ‘word “made” is used deliberately. Taft him- self would assent .to the word. Taft had not only an honest soul, but a | generous one; so long as the friendship lasted Taft lived loyally up to every ob%-flon'fir it. 2 th to the causes of the tem break between the two, W:&! fer, naturally, in their allocation of re- sponsibility. * It is not the purpose here to sift the evidence or analyze the causes. All that is attempted in this article are two brief contrasting pic- tures. The first, the period of intimacy between Taft and Roosevelt, is pictured in the passages above. .Break Not Merely Personal. We leap now, as the old-fashioned melodramas used to say, four years, to 1912, 1In skipping from 1908 to 1912 we omit the real substance of the drama, the causes of the break between the two men. It ought to be said clearly, however, that the break was not merely & personal one. The two men came to Tepresent and be the spokesmen of two contrasting philosophies of politics and government. Between the two schools there was, between 1908 and 1912, a head-on collision. Since one of the schools was headed by the man that Theodore Roosevelt was, it followed that the collision was no mere academic debate. Very far from that. The details, the fighting, are too much to teil in so brief a space. All the present article will attempt in the re- maining space is to give the other one of the two contras pictures—the picture of the relation between Taft and Roosevelt as it had become in 1912, Delivered Extraordinary Speech. On the night of April 25, 1912, Wil- liam Howard Taft stood on a platform in a public hall in Boston. He was now President of the United States—and he was delivering the most extraordinary speech ever made by a President aboud an_ex-President. For two hours Taft stood before his audience, denouncing with all the vigor of language he possessed “one whom in the past I have greatly admired and loved.” Following an unusually vehe- ment outburst he paused a moment his great kindly face quivering witl obviously sincere emotion, and then ex claimed: “This wrenches my soul!” He had been driven to his present cous he explained, by “the unjust, unfounds charges against me . . . that Mr. Roose~ "; had bled” his language, “misrepresented” his its events lived up, on the whole, to the tendency of that day to see it as something titanic, and justified the was recited at the time by America’s contemporary equivalent for any classic writer of light verse, namely, F. P. A., of the New York World. T.R. TO W. H. T. Or ever the knightly fight was on, The skirmish of smear and smudge, I was a king in Wi n And you were a it judge. I saw, I took, I made you &rnt, Priendly I called you “Will.” in nineteen hundred and eight, Out in Chicago, Il I made the convention fominate, And now—the terrible”chill, actions. All this and more to the extent of Taft charged, setting of Homeric epic in which 1t |t ‘Twenty-four hours later, and oniy 40 miles away, at Worcester, Mass., ex-Presiden Roosevelt struck back at President Taft. x-mgum in the papers the text of ghnunmmdmmtmh-‘ (Continued on Fourth Page..