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32 SWALL SHIPS BEST FOR USE IN ARCTIC Flexibility of All-Wood Boats and Light Draft Are Cited. BY DONALD B. MACMILLAN. her previous de- rtures. “She p:l‘].l never come back. heklfi far too small for such hazardous The average man being ignorant of the details of Arctic work does not realize that smallness coupled with sturdiness are the two main requisites for a successful struggle with the Arctic pack, for the navigation of uncharted | waters where safety depends entirely upon the sounding lead and a careful study of tide rips and the color of the sea. The strongest, the biggest and the best have been crushed and ground into bits, and they will continue fo be as | 1 as ships are built. Arctic history is | of such disasters. He who calls the Arctic “friendly” has never done real Arctic work. frlcflcflly the whole Dundee g fleet, captained by grizzled fighters of the North, was destroyed, and this in spite of their wide and varied experience. One ship, called the Race Horse, was literally turned in- | side out, her keel bursting through her u\'d“ and her masts falling over her side. Prey of Relentless Pack. ‘The S. S. Jeannette, strengthened and reinforced for her arduous work by the United States Government, was crushed as flat as the proverbial pan- cake, leaving Lieut. De Long and his men to fight their way over the pack to the distant and inhospitable shores of Siberia, where a frozen hand was found projecting from the snow, mark- the spot where one of them died of cold and starvation. The 8. 8. Polaris, made as strong as United States engineers and naval architects could make her, steamed farther north than any ship ever steamed, but when gripped by the re- lentless pack the next year she suc- | cuml to a pressure of millions of pounds and gave up the fight, leaving her men marooned upon what they found to be a barran sand spit in the morthwest coast of Greenland. Nineteen of the crew, including two Eskimo women, one with a baby a month old. sought the safety of the floe, and drifted through the long Arc- tic night down through Baffin Bay to | the Labrador Coast, a distance of 1,800 miles, to be received by the S. 8. Ti- gress, in May, 1874, The Proteus, chartered by the United States Government for the relief of the Greely expedition, was nipped in the pack 6 miles north of Cape Sabine. ‘The pressure was so terrific that blocks of ice were forted through her side and came tumbling into the engine room. Recalls Peary’s Adventure. The S. S. Roosevelt was so squeezed and jammed and tossed about in her | fight to place Peary in striking dis- | tance of the Pole that she staggered | southward like a drunken man. Had it not been for the sterling seamanship of that peerless ice fighter, Capt. Bob | Bartlett, she never would have reached e. And so we might go on enumerating ship after ship which started out with | high hopes and flying colors, but which a:'»- Tests on the bottom in high lati- | des. | The Bowdoin is double timbered and planked with three and a quarter-inch m‘l'glfi ‘flt, l;ell{lf:‘l’fld by an en- lve-foof greenheart to take the brunt of the battle. Molded to | her bow there is an 1,800-pound plate | of steel to smash into and split ice, a | very essential feature of the construc- tion of any Arctic ship. Bowdoin of Wood Construction. Necessarily she is of wooden con- struction, for such is elastic, resilient, and comparatively non-con- to cold when exposed to ex- treme temperatures of the Arctic night. To live in a steel box at 60 degrees below zero would result in two many discomforts to set forth in this article. Every Arctic ship should have two means of , for distances in that desolate region are long and help is remote. Welnlollnfl\eltnn\lhlpl lanes, where help may come within a few hours. A good suit of sails and a reliable engine are absolutely necessary, the best guaranty of a return home. Danger to propeller from floating ice and breaking of shaft due to concus- sion are always imminent, the one thing which we know may happen any minute when navigating through the pack. The salls are a comfort; we know they will bring us home. But why so small? I admit that comfort depends upon size, but not so with that far more important qualifica- tion, safety, which is reasonably as- sured by model and strength of con- struction. It should be remembered ! that boats only 19 feet in length have crossed the stormy waters of the North Atlantic. That hardy mariner, Capt. Joshua Slocum, cruised around the world in his home-built Spray, which measured about 40 feet. Out of Gloucester. Boston and Lu- nenberg we have, I believe, the ablest ships in the world. which ride the waves of our off-shore fishing banks at all seasons of the year and with dry decks, when big ships are awash and calling for help. Not one is more than 130 feet in length. They are marvels of marine architecture. Advantages of Small Craft. My little craft is only 88 feet long and 20 feet wide. and registered as 15 tons net, a compact block of oak, so light that when squeezed she rises up THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON, D. ¢, DECEMBER 22, out of the ice, which a heavier boat would not do; and with such small f-draft that when in danger of an ap- proaching field of ice she can be tucked away behind a ledge of rock, or in the lee of a small island, or even on shoal fmund. where heavy ice grounds be- ore reaching the ship. I have resorted to this defense upon several occasions during the last eight years. Such are the advantages of the small auxiliary schooner over the steel opinion of the layman must be the type for Arctic work. In 1921-'22 she was frozen in the ice for 286 days. In 1823-'24 she was em- the North Pole for 320 days. Some- times she has crossed the so-called “dreaded Melville Bay” and today is as good as new, not out of line a sixty- fourth of an inch, every line in her hull true, a credit to her designer and her builders. Purpose of 1929 Mission. What was there left in Countess of Warwick Sound to mark the site of a planned colonization in the New World 351 years ago, only 10 years following the settlement of St. Augustine? To answer this question was one of the two primary objects of the 1929 cruise of the Bowdoln, an historical mission. Our other objective was a study of the ice caps of Baffin Island, an in- LANSBURGH &BRrO 7th, 8th and E The $95 59 The midget New the small' apart Latest shuttle specially Christmas. reduced $5 S E W I N G M A C H I N E G 1 F T S Sts.—National 9800 $60 New Willard Portable Electric *477.50 Gratify her oft-expressed wish and surprise her Christmas morning with a shiny new elec- tric—a portable machine she can carry wher- ever it's most convenient! ism, a dependable motor, full set of attach- ments and a walnut finish base and cover! Splendid mechan- Table Model Electric Sewing Machine Wil- lard—just the right size to be inconspicuous in ment. model, for $35 Christmas Allowance Regardless of make, age or condition, we will allow you $35 tomorrow on your old ma- chine toward a Domestic Rotary model. ~—The Balance Monthly DOWN Sewing Machines—Third Fleor We'll Deliver Monday or Tuesday PIANOS Your Selection of Knabe Fischer Foster Cable-Nelson Starr The Ampico ! tensely interesting quest, since one of | steamship of great size, which in the! bedded in the ice at 11 degrees from | these, that which lies upon the back of old Meta Incognita, the peninsula which is situated between Hudson Straits and Frobisher Bay, is belleved by scientists to be the last of the great North American ice sheet which had its origin in the Laurentian Highlands and swept north, east, south and west, covering an area of about 4,000,000 square miles, reaching as far south as the city of New York and one lobe | even to the State of Kentucky. ‘While sailing up and down that northern ccast during the last 21 years, we often have seen this glistening white ice cap from afar and wondered at its size, its height, its decrease or its in- crease. No wiite man had studied it, | no white man, as far as I can learn,| had ever stepped foot upon it. Carries Staff of Scientists. Dr. William C. Kendall of the United States Bureau of Fisheries, a widely recognized authority on salmon and trout, was a member of my scientific staff, as was Dr. Samuel C. Palmer, professor of botany of Swarthmore Col- lege. Both men brought back very| valuable results, but much remains to be done before the work is complete. Accompanied by th> new Maravel, | 1 as well as most appropriate. Navy blue or with lingerie neck- line, $7.84. Slippers of Leatherette *1 Finished like the higher priced kinds with padded soles, Cuban heels and shiny satin lining. In red, blue and black; sizes 3 to 8. Women’s 69c the Grenfell Mission boat, our trip across the Bay of Fundy and down the Nova Scotia coast was without special incident. The beautiful Bras D'Or Lakes, right through the heart of the Island of Cape Breton, are always of interest, for they are of rare beauty, closely bordered by evergreens and farms on sloping hillsides, apparently as smooth as velvet, the home of the Scotch, the MacDonalds, MacKenzies, MacLeods, MacMillans, Mathesons, Kemps and a host of others. At Sidney, N. S., a port which 20 years ago we called the “jumping off full supply of fuel oil and fresh pro- visions, although radishes and rhubarb can be obtained In Labrador and even in_Greenland. On Wednesday, July 3, w> were away from the oil pler at 11 am., and as we proceeded down the harbor my mind dwelt upon that same occurence 21 years before, when as a member of the Peary polar expedition I stood upon the deck of the sturdy Roosevelt, headed north for the Pole. Encounter Heavy Squalls, From the bell-buoy outside the har- bor we headed across to Cape Anguille on the N-wfoundland coast on a course 1929—PART ONE. of 42 degrees, with the day so beauti- fully clear that by 6 o'clock in the eve- ning we could see the distant blue hills of Newfoundland. At 7:30 the next morning we were off Cape St. George, with “everything on her” (all sails set), driving before a strong southwest wind, and at 2 o'clock we were scudding past the lighthouse at the entrance to the Bay of Islands, the crests of th: waves being lifted and whirled like dust high into the air by heavy squalls from the high hills bordering the harbor. ‘We anchored in Lark Harbor, one of |t 2 thy y slands, 0 THie Sroni CIVILAREONT" we! (0K GhAM| o ey o L BeY o T await ou: consort, the Maravel, whicn had_gone on up the bay to pick up Sir Wilfred Grenfell. She was back at 5:20 am, with Dr. Grenfell on board. He waved us a cheery greeting, happy. supremely so, to be at sea again, for blue water is the source of a large part | of this man’s pleasure in life. “Thicker than mud” is a common expression of the steaman, denoting a thick fcg. And it certainly was thick that morning when we headed north- | ward. With no log out, I ran by time and round, that is. with engine at full speed. The Bowdoin could be depended upon to go so many miles in so many minutes; and upon our arrival at the breaking ledges we should hear the Other shades are bright blue, dahlia, crepe, Crying aby Doll — Dressed nile, tan and rust; black and brown. Canton crepe, flat crepe, satin, georgette and wool—sizes 14 to 20; 36 to 50. Three Smart Styles Sketched at Left: Brick red or black silk crepe green or red flat crepe, $7.84. + English green flat contrasting trimming, $7.84. Infa Holl breaking of the surf, which was the turning point out of the bay. We often resorted to this method upon a bold shore where there is little danger of running ashore. Head for Open Sea. Almost to the minute, we heard the | surf on both starboard and port, and we confidently headed between for the open sea. One night at Port Saunders we parted company with the Maravel, and headed then nerthward through the Straits of Belle Isle, which two weeks before were blocked with ice and now were buried in fog as they usually are, altogether a dangerous stretch of water. Very rarely do we ever pass Red Bay, the Hable de Balleine of 400 years ago, once a favorite resort of the American fishermen, and in later years crowded with schooners and small boats. Its population has dwindled to u mere handful, typical of hundreds of fishing ports in the Labrador. To the American public Battle Har- bor is best known through the work of Sir Wilfred Grenfell, the Labrador and Newfoundland missionary. The story of this man's humanitarian and philanthropic work among the fisher- men and poor whitts on this coast would fill volumes. I have talked with Last Pre-Christmas Purchase of Fashionable New Holiday DRESSES Only o 134 Choose Your Holiday Frocks Now From Among These At Distinctive Savings Make your Christmas calls in a smart new frock! Wear a shade as bright as the holiday—lipstick red and bright green are smart Dolls nt wood Imps 1.49 How she will love this adorable creature—with its dear little crying voice! All dressed, too, with a cunning pink, blue or white frock and bonnet to match. ‘Women’s Rayon Crepe Gowns, appli- que and lace trimmed, with lace yokes, and roungds of rosebuds; or- chid, nile, maise and flesh... 52‘29 Women's Rayon Pajamas, for misses and small \'»m’flengI Vedry frivolous lace ones, and smart tailored ones. Pastel shades $l '49 ‘Men’s Broadcloth Shirts, in plain tan, lavender, grey and fancy pat- terns; sizes 14!, to 17. Slightly 59c sofled . ceereans Boys’ Navy Blue Overcoats, all-wool cheviots with ';Ailar; :le;v'e; and brass buttons; sizes 6. Special .. i 9 $2.95 89c Like real babies these infant dolls cry for someone to cuddle them! The hollywood imps don’t care—such pert little lads and lasses dressed like modern Wash- ington Kiddies. Boys’ Warm Lumberjacks, in fancy plaids and stripes, with convertible col- lar and knit waistband. 5 sl.oo Pull-over Sweaters, close knit cotton and rayon, in bright colors. @@ ¢ Sizes 8 to 11. Special..... o Boys' Long Overcoats, of dark brown and grey overcoating, warmly lined. $3 Sizes 14 to 17. Special...veeevinns Boys' Corduroy Knickers, sizes S0l . s g 59¢ Boys’ Wash Suits, in_cunning styles of broadeloth, rayon, and chambray; fast 3 to 5. spe- 2 for $1 Boys' clal alling enemies even today. According to its historian, Goshing, however, the name Batal was found on maps 200 years before the date of the supposed fight and is the Portuguese word for boat. Enters Battle Harbor. ‘That it was a well known and pros- perous fishing port years ago is evi- denced by the fact that an American privateer entered the harbor and com- mitted depredations during our Revo- lutionary War. We were royally entertained at Bat- tle. We always are, for here we find American college girls and coilege boys giving generously of their services to the Grenfell Mission, doing what they | can to help Dr. Grenfell. ‘We salled northward on the 9th, | along a& rugged coast lterally cut into | pleces by the great Labrador ice sheet | which swept down from the interior about 25,000 years ago, burying, de- stroying, crushing, molding, carving everything in sight. Barren almost beyond description, but yet attractive in its appeal to the imagination and in its remarkable his- tory. for here, undoubtedly, was the first landing place of the discoverers of (Continued on Thirty-third Page. 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