Evening Star Newspaper, July 11, 1929, Page 30

GLIMP ING THE FAR EAST By GIDEON A. LYON, Member of American Journalists’ Party Now Touring Orlent as Guests of Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. MUKDEN, Manchuria, June 14. HOUGH 1 am generally quite averse to letting any one else write my reports for me, I am so enamored of .he history of Man- churia contained in my beloved the Liaotung Peninsula and the rail- way to a total period of 99 years, which |is the term usually stipulated in most foreign concessions in China.’ Situation Complicated. in a brief compass, is the ‘There, Iittle red guide book that has been MY | pacpground of Japan's position in Man- constant friend on this travel that I am going to let its author tell in his own English the story of this land, scene of one of the strangest complexes of sov- ereignty and authority tne world has ever known. I give if,-as usual, liter- ally and beg of the printer to present it without change in any degree, for the full preservation of its naivete: “It was in the beginning of the 10th | century that Manchuria came out to take our notice in the historical pages. Before that day these regions wéte } given up as the | lands of savage % trives. The trives of the Tungueses living in the west of the river Liao were united under an Emperor in 907. All of the Man- churia and alo nearly the whole of North China were absorbed in the % i Empire. | “When the Liao authority began to decline a Chief of the Nuchen Trive declared their in- dependence from the Liao and used | himself the Imperial Title in 1115. In | the 13th Century the Mongol Trive | rose to power under Genghis han. He | conquered the Kin State and founded the Chinese Empire in 1206. After that | day Manchuria became one province of | tHe Chinese Empire. In 1623 he captur- ed Sheynang, the present Mukden, and he transferred his capital to this town. His son Taitsung conquered Korea and wrested South Manchuria frem °the Mings, and in 1634 he gave to his dy- nasty the new nzme of Chin. His grandson Shitsu overthrew the Mings Dynasty and transferre Peking in 1644, “In 1894 the Sino-Japanese war was fought in Manchuria, and by the Shi- monoseki treaty of 1895 China ceded 10 Japan all the territory of Manchuria. Russia, Germany and France, however, | aavised Japan “n a spirit of cordial friendship to give up th's concession which it was contended would jeopardize the peace of the Far East.” Japan com- | plied with their kind advice. { | Russia Demanded Price. “Russia demanded, however, a heavy prince for her aid to China, and ob- tained in 1896 the concession to build | the Chinese Eastern Railway across | North Manchuria to Viadivostock. In | 1897 Germany seized Kiaochow, and in 1898 Russia obtained the se of the Liaotung Peninsula for 25 years to build | the branch line from Harbin to Port Arthur, and her mining rights were | assured | “Russia took advantage of the Boxer | Trouble, in 1900, by placing huge troops throughout Manchuria. The forming f of the Anglo-Japanese alliance served ia somewhat and in the signed a ‘Convention h China, by which she draw her troops within cighteen months. This was not carried out and another additional troops were sent in, while fresh demands were made on Peking which virtually excluded all foreigners from trade in Manchuria to assure the right of Russia. At the same time Russian influence had increased in Korea, since 1896, especially with the army, and continued pressure was exer- Mr. Lyon. cised on the Korean Government for | control of taxation and the customs. “Japan has always been aware of the danger of Korea being used by any | enemy a bridge by means of which she may be attacked, and she had long fol- lowed a policy of demanding that Russia give up to her treaty agreement in re- spect to Manchuria, and she approached the Russian Government for an under- standing on Manchurian and Korean affairs. Russia, however, could not be brought to agrée to Jepan's proposals, and declared war on Feb. 10, 1904. “Port Arthur fell on New Year's day, 1905. The Russian army at Mukden was defeated on March 10th of the same year. In the battles of everywhere the Russian armies under General Kuropat- kin were driven northword. “The peace conference was held at Portsmouth, New Hampshire, on Sep- tember 5th, 1905, by which Russia trans- ferred to Japan her lease of the Liao- tung Peninsula and the railway as far north as Kwangchentzu, as well as her various rights. This agreement was confirmed by China in December, 1905. In 1910 Japan and Russia signed an agreement to cooperate in the develop- ment of, the railway lines. Sunsequently the Tredty of 1015, between Japan and China, extended the former’s lease of !litical and business necessity But, while the | two different persons closely connected d the capital to | [] churia. But the situation which we find hete, on arrival in this ancient city with its new part and its old part, the latter still walled, is too complicated to be briefly explained er easily understood. We had not been here more than eight hours than. we were given a party by American residents of Mukden, at which the after-dmner talk revealed a com- plete confusfon of understanding and a wide variation of sympathy on the part of our hosts, many of whom have re- sided here, or hereabouts, for years. In the simplest possible terms, Japan is in South Manchuria because of po- China is the sovereign power. Chinese g ‘nment at Nankin, headed [o[———=[o]lc——lal——2lal———2 o | by Chiang Kal thority, the real wielded by the “Young General," residents call the son of late Chiang Hsleu Lin, who was assassi- nated some months ago by the blowing up of the rallway train in which he was traveling. The “Young General,” who is about 28 years of age, has an army. Nankin-China, to employ as nearly descriptive a term as it is possible to use regarding this strange complication, has no army here. Nankin-China de- pends upon “Young General” for police work in Manchuria. As far as Manchuria is concerned this arrangement between Nankin and “Young General” works out well enough, it would seem. But no one knows how long “Young General” is going to be content with acting merely as Nankin's chief of police in this part of the country. Nor really does any one know how long he is going to have an army. For the Chlvese “war lords” in these days quite often have found their armies suddenly melting away, or passing over to another leader. Japanese Troops in Country. Under the terms of the contract witl China, Japan has the right to main- tain 15,000. troops of her own here in South Manchuria, to protect the railway lines. I was told yesterday by Shek, is the titular au- 1 Chinese rer 18 vith the Japanese organization here WhyNot Try Your Own 2 Hand at Redecorating F —the porch chairs, breakfast room suite and other furniture that needs “dres sing up?” It's not much of a task with the new quick-drying ENAMELS and LLACQUERS vou'll find Ask us for the right finish for the job here. you contemplate. Specially Low Prices —ON DEPENDABLE PAINT SUPPLIES for every Also on Brushes, Waxers, etc., etc. purpose. *“Duco” for Autos and Furniture HUGH REILLY CO. PAINTS & GLASS 1334 New York Ave.—Phone Natl. 1703 e e B ) Floor Wax & Polishing Brushes Du Pont Stains and Varnishes To Identi Genuine Aspirin 3 HE increasing use of Bayer Aspirin every year is proof . that it has no ill effects. It is the accepted antidote for pain. It always helps; it never harms. Quick relief when you've a headache, or cold; or are suffering from neu- ralgia or neuritis. Rheumatic pains yield, too, if you'll only give these tablets a chance. But you want genuine Aspirin, so look for the Bayer Cross on every tablet. The box always bears the name Bayer and the word “‘genuine’’ printed in red. Proven directions inside. Aspirin is the trade mark Monoaceticacidester of Bayer Manufacture of of Salicylicactd Don’t give your home over to bugs and flies! spray ethol - DETHOL rids your home of these pests, and makes short work of it. No bug escapes! Once they breathe the deadly mist they’re done. And not until they are dead can your home really be clean. For vermin—Iloathsome, disease-carry- ing as they are—bring only dirt and filth with them. z Dethol is easy to use, too. Just spray in hiding places—cracks, crevices, mouldings. No fuss. No bother. Every roach, bedbug, ant, flea, moth, fly, mos- quito—all pests, both crawling and fly- !'ng—-find Dethol certain death. Dethol is quick, sure, and easy to use. Dethol is guaranteed to work. Your money back if it fails to meet our claims. We mean it! Dethol Manufacturing Co., Ing., Richmond, Va, as the | e e el el ) that at present there are about half that number of troops in the country. Hint was given later that the number would perhaps be increased soon. Riding upsfrom An-Tung, which is the first town on the Manchurian side of the Yalu River, we could see evidence of Japanese military occupation’ of the railroad strip, which is marked by a line of white stones set in the fields on each side of the track, making a space about 100 feet wide. This space varies, I understand, according to the terrain. The right of way, furthermore, widens into considerable spaces at terminals. All through this space Japanese troops were observable. And it was observed by one of the members of our party, with special knowledge of the situation, that it was hinted that the railroad force itself is a po- tential military organization, to be transformed and used as such in case of emergency. At every “bridge-head”: along the line is a concrete circular blockhouse, situated at the strategic point for de- fense of the line. I noticed such *pill- boxes” also at a couple of tunnels. There are more than 20 tunnels on this branch of the South Manchurian Rail- way in the'run from An-Tung. This line was originally built by Japan as a military road during the Russian War. Later, when it was desired to transform it into a peace-time railway, the Chinese wished Japan to continue to follow the meandering mountain -course which had of necessity been ldn%d in hasty construction. Japan insisted, however, on a more direct route, involving the cutting of the tunnels. It took a long period of negotiation to bring about adoption of the latter route, now fol- lowed. Hence the “piliboxes.” At one point yesterday, where some reconstruc- tion work is in progress at a bridge, I noted a Japanese soldier with his gun standing watchfully on the top of one of these concrete forts. Banditry Is Practiced. Banditry is practiced constantly in this area, I am told. Sometimes it takes the form of attempts to block the railroad line by the derailment of trains. ‘These bandits are not political- ly minded. They may be soldiers who have become tired of waiting for their pay, or famished for lack of rations, or they may be peaceakle farmers between raids. They are always Chinese, never Japanese. This condition naturally calls for a peace-keeping police force, call it army or what not. In the background of this complex is Russia, once master here in the old czarist days, then challenged by Japan, beaten in a war that changed the po- litical situation in the Far East, and subsequently suffering revojution that has changed only the methods of acqui- CRUISE TO CALIFORNIA A FewFirst-Class cabins are avail- abletoCalifornia on Dollar Liners entering Boston, New York and bound Round the World. Fortnightly sailings, via gay Havana and the Panama Canal. Make your reservation at the earliest possible date . . . and be one of- those fortunate enough to join a smart coterie of world- travelers on your cruise to Califrrnia! (Every cabin an outside room with real beds.) Free Parlor Car with the world- . “, traveling 400" Bus service from Herald Square, New York City, to the Liner. PRIy Special summer roundtrip fare: to California on Dollar ‘World-Liner, return by any direct rail route—$350. Open until Nov. 30, 1929. DOLLAR STEAMSHIP LIN 604 Fifth Avenue, New York BRYant 5900 25 and 32 Broadway, New York Bowling Green 3144 or Digby 7394 NOW your kind of radio in your kind of cabinet, like your kind of picture in your kind of frame! Atwater Kent, leading specialist in radio, is cooperating with the leading specialists in furni- ture to give you a complete Atwater Kent cabi- net set of supreme beauty as well as efficiency. No one radio maker—not even Atwater Kent, with the largest world, now enlarged to radio factory in the 32 acres, now doubly the largest—aould begin to supply enough cabi- nets in the variety required by Atwater Kent Screen-Grid Radio. No one cabinet maker could do it. But many cabinet makers can. Now you can have any kind of fine cabinet . you like—from the simplest to the most elabo- rate, from modern compactness to the great historic periods of craftsmanship in wood. Now you can have an Atwater Kent just like your neighbor’s, or one that expresses your own individual good taste. The price varies with the cabinet you choose. ‘Whatever you pay, you get the biggest value for your dollar that you can find in the whole world of radio. And—remember—the radio within the cabinet is the Screen-Grid Atwater Kent, the biggest advance in radio since the ‘advent of house-current sets. | Xa sition. Russians are observable eves where, in the streets and the hnt:{! Old Russian droshkies, ramshackle ve. hicles that are ready to collapse, are drawn about by single and double horse- power, the most decrepit imaginable creatures. The drivers are usually Chinese, tattered and rough in appear- ance. These go-abouts and the ricki- | tl shaws and the modern motors make a strange confusion of implications in the streets of this queer town. Nobody seems to take Russia seriously as a factor in the, poiitical situation here. Everybody accepts the Japanese prescnce as a mater of course. What reopxe with interests at stake would ke chiefly to know is whether Japan is going to try to extend its power in South Manchuria and whether China is going to be strong enough, in her di- vided condition, to resist any such at- tempt at extension, if it ‘s made. Soft gs gld Linen coflissut The'abé;l-bent o " white Toilet peP Seot Paper Company 1009 Ghester R IN CABINETS Thebestof American cabinet makers—famous for sound design and sincers workmanahip —are cooperating to mest the demand for Atwater Kent Screen-Grid Radio in fins ©On the Air sneere™ "¢ The foreigners meet at the club in town and on the golf links and dis- cuss these matters quite as routine af- fairs. There arc partisans Yer both sides in the business ranks.. There are violent arguments on the relative merits of the two governments and the merits of individuals of the two sides. And confusion of tongues prevails mean- while as at the Tower of Babel. For | here is where the world meets and talks and wrangle Full Dress for Flyers. NEWARK, N. J., July 11 (P)-—Air- | plane pilots in full evening dress and |silic hats will take folks similarly at- | tired over New York City tonight. The | flights will be after ceremonies chris- tening & new bipiane of Mrs. George F. Kunz, wife of the vice. president of Tiffany & Co. She herself is a flyer. WIVES ASK ALIMONY. ABLE-X WL Limited Divorce Petitions ‘ Filed by Two Women. 1 Limited divorce and alimony asked in a suit filed by Marion V. |Chamberlin, 917 Fifteenth stree| against Pierre Chamberlin, 710 Fou teenth street. They were married 4 Upper Marlboro September 24, 1921 Attorneys Crandal Mackey and Argy! Mackey appear for the wife. | Mrs. Anna M. Moulton, 1400 Girar | street, wants a limited divorce fro; Arthur E. Movlton, 3514 Garfiel | street. They were married Septembe] 29, 1914. The wife charges cruelty an desertion. She is represented by At | torney J. L. Krupsaw. A BE SAFE! always choose these Scott Processed Toilet Tissues HREE qualities toilet tissue must have 10 be safe, doctors say. Softness . . . satisfy medical soft S¥aons absorbency... chemical purity. Yetmuch paper sold for bathroom use today is neither soft -~ mor absorbent . . . nor chemically pure. ScotTissue and Waldorf are specially pro- cessed bathroom tissues. In every respect they requirements. They are un- usually soft and cloth-like. So absorbent they sink in water almost instantly. And absolutely safe~made from finest, fresh materials, Why take chances with this bathroom es- sential. Always ask for ScotTissue or Waldorf. Largest Selling Brands in the World Fit the standard built-in fixtures © 1929, Scott Faper Company 000 Radio, youngest industry, joins with furniture, one of the oldest, to give you cabinet sets of beauty 4137 . Atwater Kent Radio Hour Sunday evenings, 9:15 (Eastern Daylight Time) WEAF network of N. B.C. Atwater Kent Mid-Week Program Thursday evenings, 10:00 (Eastern Daylight Time) ‘WJZnetwork of N. B. C. ATWATER KE! 4700 Wissahickon Ave. NT MANUFACTURING COMPANY A. Atwater Kent, Pres. and variety Philadelphia, Pa. creEN-Grip Rapio