Evening Star Newspaper, June 30, 1929, Page 28

'Story of America Now Being Cut in the Enduring Granite of the Black Hills-Country’s Father to Be Immor- talized as Warm and Human. BY GUTZON BORGLUM. T is a fitting thought that a colossal monument to” George Washingtoa should rise at a point exactly mid way between our East and West coasts. Standing with him_in the ternal_granite of the Black of South Dakota will also be the heroic flflunl of Jefferson, Lincoln and Roo: velt, the makers and preservers of the American Republic. The work of carving this monument, eriginally undertaken by South Dakota has now been backed by the Federal Government, and last March President Coolidge, as one of his final official acts. appointed a commission of twelve to undertake its direction. The commis- slon, called together by President Hoo- ver, met for the first time on June 6 and eompleted its organization. Mount Rushmore, whereon the heads of our four Presidents are being cut, is | an upthrust of solid granite lying about 315 miles west of Keystone and abou: 1,000 feet above the valley of that little } mining hamlet. The portraits of the four patriots will be more than 200 feet in height and will be visible for a dis- tance of more than 18 miles. The ris- ing sun will light the group and, until 4 o'clock, all the faces will be in full light. At that hour the sun begins tu drep into the west and only the profiles are visible, the light lingering longer on Washington's face, which rises far above the other figures. Each Individual Problem. Each of these four great men, whose mr\u and personalities we shall en- | vor to express, presents an in vidual problem. Roosevelt the man seems fairly to have leaped with life, o have kidnaped energy and carried it into the Nation's home. had to eatch him unaware in a moment of exhaustion, while in sleep. He re- | mains as yet undrawn: his spirit is still at large, uncaptured sculptor. But Lincoln, in contrast, walked long and alone through the quiet nights he pondered a Nation's illness. In his mmphuvu sorrow he has been an ecasier subject for the chisel and the ‘brush of the artist. Washington was 'ahe vl%flm o‘l‘ an age of Georgian wigs and powder, when cold and manner chilled the whole D of Heportament and sule. With the ment and rule. With the of the “Anthenaeum” portrait there is no record of him in my thinking, that shows this su- preme, well rounded man of the world as he really was—that displays the well lived, rich life, capable of unrestraint. which he confessed, capable of fun and humer, and filled with human under- No man in our country's history has the pulpit with so much food for virtuous reflection, and no man of human sympathy, charged with with a temper capable .of was needed, has been this same Washington. kind of personal familiarity, O::mh It’s less thl:’lll since he passed ti 4 time ago he rode thess, Death itself | by artist or | | the Western Continent. They came from | Boston, Philadelphia and Virginia | When I picture this scene, New York | Bay, its muddy shores, a half dozen little sail ships at anchor, and remembex that 10 miles an hour was express travel, and thet overtaxed Colonies | were 'honeycombed with foreign offi- cfals, epies and Tories, the enormity of Washington's task overwheims me. Re- | member, he was not an adventurer, not a tyrant nor a conqueror; he was acting upon the urging and at the request of | the better people, the thinking people | of his time. He was acting under their mandate as their representative. Had | his authority been his own_strength, had he with his own power, like a Caesar, Charlemagne or Napoleon, swept the populace into barracks and under | force of arms drilled them to meet his | or a common enemy. his task would hav | been easier and the result very different. Men of great physical courage, of | great mental and physical independ- | ence in private life. often become, when chosen by a peopie to lead, strangely | cautious, as if restrained by the au- | thority conferred. Washington had to | keep and did ke:p harmony between | warring factions across his cabinet table. | To me Washington. in his methods in statecraft, in his conduct in life and | his relations with men. his toleration, his fine arrogance when that was the thing, is strangely like Lincoln. Their aloneness, thrir disappointments and griefs, were strangely alike, and the | dangers they faced were much the same. Each of these superb souls would have given his body to have been quar- tered and each separate part separately hung, if by so doing the cause and the principles he had been elected to defend would prevail and the happiness of his people be seeured. In the National Memorial on Mount Rushmore, which we are now carving however. personalities except as they emphasize in themselves some crucial moment in | the Nation’s life. Held National Record. We are building the memorial as a | national record of the conception of ou liberty, the forming of our Federal Na. tion and its extension to the Pacific, its ple, and finally the completion of its economic structure by the cutting of the Panama Canal. The memorial was first conceived by the people of the Northwest, where the seeds of the Lou- istana claims were first planted at Fort Pilerre on the Upper Missouri River by France in 1742. ‘The great undertaking grew under the care of South Dakota until Presi- dent Coolidge, in 1927, dedicated the huge rock and himself undertook to in the mountains of the West, we are, | not dealing primarily with | preservation as conceived by the peo-| draft the inseription to be |it, recording chronologically preme moments in our national and | continental ~ development, _beginning | with the declaration of our aims in {1776, and continuing with the framing of the Constitution in 1787, the pur- chese of the Louisiana Territory in 11803, the cession of Florida in 18189, the admission of the Republic of Texas intn the Union in 1845, followed swifily by | Oregon and California and Alaska, un- |til in a generation Washington's Colo- | nial States had grown almost in a sin- gle leap to the Pacific Coast. It re- mained for Roosevelt to complete the' economic structure by cutting the Panama Canal. In the sculptured work we shall con- cede Jefferson &s the leading figure in | the Declaration of Independence. His, | position on the memorial is inevi able. | Washington, as the guiding genius from | the tjme of our national conception, ! completion of its Constitution, becomes , the central part of the great group. Tn these we will add Lincoln, who the Union they had created. Roosevelt. joins the great trio through the cutting of the Isthmus of Panama, fulfilling after 400 years the dream that led Co- lumbus westward on his quest for a way | to India. Rooseveit opened the passape | | to the East; he cut the continents apart. Will Be in Center. | We shall place the Father of the Re- | public in the center, somewhere above | the others, silent as the Sphinx, be- cause his selfless, far-seeing character suggests that. But we mean to give him feeling that will indicate his broad world purpose, a purpose broader than anything Europe ever conceived. It was because of these qualities that | he compelled the great about him—Jef- | ferson, Franklin, Mason and Hamilton | —tp build something that has in the | | brief life of less than 150 years frced a | world, changed the political philosophy | laced upon the su- |of eivilization and in the mean time |given a heaven to the homeless and |unwanted of the older world, where they and theif ehildren have built bet- ter than Washington and his great as- sociates ever dreamed. | I belleve—yes, I know—these rec- |ords which are' our Natiens records | {should be cut as we are earving ihem there, high. high above the clouds, there with the gods above the medcling hand of man, to remain for eons, where {wind and rain alone may wear them sway, sclence tells us, but an inch in & hundred thousand years. 8o our mes- 1age to posterity will linger in the gran- ite of the Rockies, in the backbone of our continent, for a million years and | more, and there bear witness that here assed the sons of the Old World, that ere they sought and found freedom and happiness, that here they peopled & continent and that their leader was ! Washington. _Third P streets of our National Capital, with |~ it and Jeff: , laying out the lines in what was then a wilder- and what is still today but a vil- among America’s great cities. than four generations—three might touch, reaching back into find _his—sin he ce ots, listened to and hearing, lai fe and did not hesitate blunders became in- | igg T b of ‘when .;; can't imagine that he swore as I have some of our Presidents swear. Washifigton's anger was real honest-to-God anger. And with it came & accompaniment that the mulm have heeded. Lashiag of Gen. Lee. T never have heard anything about | Wi that endeared him more to | me than the reported lashing of Gen. Charles Lee, at Monmouth, when, upon | finding that Lee had failed to push an etreating Brit- | amned pol- | i keen sense of capable of real 58, residing at the Constitutional Convention some one that there should never bea mprwa:.d army of more than 10,000. He whi to a_membe: resolution that no foreign enemy shall ever invade the United States with more than 3,000.” ‘When he was elected Commander-in- Chief the Continental Congress, he turned to Patrick Henry and whispered: “This will be the commencement of the decline of my reputation. For 15 years preceding this time he had led the life of a country gentleman. He was fond of good horses, owned and bred them, sported fine livery, was a good rider himself and rode to the hounds in the manner and dress of the ns of day. He was not a famous blade; and shooting, be- eause of the flintlock, was not yet a fine art, and the bore was {oo great for accurate work. But somewhere I have read that he could lift 1,200 pounds deadweight. Jefferson, a slighter and thinner man, lifted 800; and Lineoln, with his 6 feet 4 inches, never weighing over 178, did the same, three men were all giants in height. Washington alone carried weight that belonged naturally to his length. Enjoyed His Leisure. He enjoyed his leisure, was_fond of sports and a great dancer. It is re- corded that he danced for three hours | on end with the same lady and did not take a seat during that time. What a sport she must have been! Du; the Continental Congress he was chairman of every committee that had to do with military matters. When war did come he became the ’}Tufluw tion iy ties and friendships of this, but when the w when the task of framing a Constitu- tion that was to build the separate States into a union was to be consid- ered, with so mln?‘ men held in esteem in civil and judicial matters, why was ‘Washington chosen to preside? The reason seems very clear. Washington had become the Arthur in this galaxy of knights errant, and they all con- ceded that he had pre-eminently the selfiess interest the task demanded. Our later histories are trying to in- ject more of humanity and impulse into the bloodless pictures of Wash- ington—to let a little rose color creep over the pale engraved cheek. ‘The fact is that he was foo big for the mass of his time to understand. ;h \lm in a dreadful :‘emlflul'el;‘)l i ignorance and bigotry the vg'l,a over, an age that had hardly emerged from piracy and wholesale e had about him the | buceaneering. adventurers of the world, the drift of mankind. was in revolution: new forces were appearing over the horizon with new political philosophies. Our parents had run away from their homes in the fatherland for the good of lves, ourselves and the father- . A man with a lantern on agstick and a candle in the lantern, a flintlock on his shoulder, tram the streets at night and called the hours; there were ne police, no schools, no newspapers as understand them today: only the horse-drawn eoach to carry us from vil- village, if we were im) int go beyond walking distance ‘where we were born, ery toe of Manhattem, below city hall, met the masters of hed at | when she left Dunedin, and when she arrived at the Barrier she had as much coal as when she left port. This was the first time such a thing had been accomplished, for nearly every expedi- tion which has come to the Antarctic has come dangerously close to running York ted up 3 staysail, in the ice bay near the Lar- sen. A whale was harpooned near by and many whales were brought side during that time and haule be cut up and the blubber rendered. The New York stayed to windward as much as possible, for the Larsen does not smell sweet during these opera- New and while there .a hundred-foot blue whale was hauled aboard and cut up. It took a little more than an hour and a half until the last piece of the 90-ton leviathan had been pushed into the boilers through holes in the deck. ‘When the Larsen had caught all the whales in the neighborhood she took the New York in tow and started through the pack. That was the 14th of December, the anniversary of the day years before when Amundsen had reached the South Pole. For seven and a half days the big ship forced its way through the pack, ramming and back- ing, twisting and turning to find the easiest path. And the stout New York, yanked along on the end of a tow-line, Was banged up against corners, partly hauled over big cakes, pulled through leads at a speed of 10 knots and treated as roughly as any ship which ever came down here. She quivered until the masts shook, her timbers groaned, and sometimes it seemed that the hawser would tear out the bow, but still she held together and went southward. On the 23d the open water of the Ross Sea was reached and the towing was over. For 1.750 miles, 1,500 to the ice pack and 250 through it, the New York had been towed. saving precious coal and making speed. It was a record in Antarctic towing and solved the diffi- cult fuel problem. Arrival at the Barrier. Farewell visits between the two ships were made, and then the New York, with a mild wind and the sun shining warmly overhead the whole twenty-four hours, turned south for the Barrier. Two days later, just as Christmas din- ner was finished, that great ice rampart was sighted from the crow's-nest, and before midnight the ship was cruising along it, those aboard marveling at its impregnable cliffs. The course had been kept perfectly, due to the use of the sun compass and radio bearings. ‘The New York turned eastward and 1 the morning of the 26th sailed be- tween the Barrier and a high cape of ice into Discovery Inlet and anchored to the ice near the southern side, only 100 yards from the Barrier. No sooner did the ship touch than men swarmed overside, eager to put their feet on the doorstep of the Antarctic Continent, and for hours there was all the excite- ment of a new adventure. Penguins wers rounded up, and it was soon learned that they were as spunky as they were curious. after seals for the dogs and Comd | Byrd went ashore to look for a landi field for future operations and to e: plore the bottom of the bay, which he found to be much deeper than he had supposed from the chart. It turned southward for many miles and ran into A pressure ridge and crevasses, which continued on to the south. After a day at the inlet the New York put out again and sailed east to the Bay of Whales, which was reached on December 28, more than two weeks before Amundsen arrived here. Th bay was full of ice, which was to be ex- pected, but for some reason this year a very small part of it went out. Comdr, Byrd went ashore with a dog team to look for a base and found one a fcw t the bottom gentle slops It _seemed | miles north of Framheim, |of a small inlet where rese to the Barrier surfas an ideal place for a base, and his judg- ment has been confirmed by events. It | is now firmly established and as safe a; i any base could be on a barrier, probably | attached to the maintand. | Unloading Operations. The freight sledging in connection | with unloading the ships was really n \remlrklblf achievement. Because the bay ice did not go out, it was neces- sary to haul the cargoes of both shi an average distance of about 8 miles from the New York and 5 miles from ‘where the Bolll was unloaded. In- stead of being only 2}z miles from her Byrd's First Season at Pole Active, With Much Scientific Work to Credit! ng- | d in to | tions. A visit was paid to her one day | A party went off | , the New from the This distance was gradually de- creased but never became less than § miles. The trip back was, of course, without a load, but the dogs trotted all the way and had no time to rest. The drivers ran beside the sleds when they were loaded and rode when they were | empty. Despite the heavy work all the | dogs. except those injured in fights, are in perfect condition. 4 There were 225 tons of materials hauled from the New York to the base and 440 tons from the Bolling, a total of 665 tons. leds averaged 30 statute miles a day from the New York, | making in all a total of 6300 statute miles, and the mileage in hauling the Bolling’s cargo was 6,000 miles, prob- ably , an underestimate. The total mileage of the sleds is 12,500 miles, or more than two round trips for one sled | between New York and San Fran- | An average of scven tons a day was hauled. The heaviest load was 2,200 pounds on two sleds hitched together and pulled by nine dogs, an average of 245 pounds per dog. Most of the neavy work was done with two double-ended freight sleds joined by chains. The load per dog was 160 pounds. ‘There s 10 teams operating, using from five to nine dogs, and the average number of dogs in use during the en- tire period was 176. The mileage on two trail journeys for laying the first bases, one to the south and:the other to the east, was 225 statute miles, and the average load on the trall was 950 pounds to A team, making an average of about 100 pounds per dog, a comparatively light load. It was on the return trip from the eastern base-laying trip that the teams made 63 statute miles in| 13}z hours. Careful Check on Loads. The work of unloading began on December 31, When the trall was 8t its best the teams were making two round trips, or traveling more than 30 miles a day, sled-hauling loads up to a ton. Boxes and barrels were slid down planks from the rail to the snow and piled on sleds, and with a crack of the whip and eries from the drivers the teams would start off inland and disappear long before they reached the “cape, behind which they turned | mto the inlet where the base was| located. A careful check was in effect as soon as the unloading began. Every- thing was checked out of the ship and checked in again at Little America. | When a sled left the ships, its load, the name of the driver, the number of dogs, the weather conditions and the time it left were recorded. A man in the crow’s nest kept watch, until they disappeared, and the arrival at camp was reported by radio. This same check was made on the return trip. Fn this way it was known not only Jjust what the load had and how much it weighed, but, if a sudden storm came up, as is only too common here, it would be known who were on the ice and about where they were, and a search would be made for them. Pleces of the bay ice were continually breaking off, and there was some dan- ger of & man getting on one of these | in a storm and drifting out to sea., Fortunately, the weather was good during the first part of the sledging, and when storms did come the drivers | were so familiar with the trail that they seldom got lost and were always able to find their way either to the ship or the base. It is interesting that half of these drivers had never driven dogs before coming down here, Soft Yee, Slushy Snow. As the work progressed, the ice be- came softer and was often covered witi slushy snow. Men broke through some- times up to their shoulders and sledges sank with their loads. It often occurred that the ship would be moved to a new berth and there was hardly a place along the face of the bay ice between the two Barrier walls where the shi was not at some time made fast. The last berths were far to the east in a sort of bight between the bay ice and the Barrier, where the ice had gone out faster than anywhere else and where the sledging distance was cut down to about 5 miles. ‘When the unloading there had prac- tically been finished the Bolling arrive after & dangerous trip through ths broken pack. The day she came in a way was cut by the ships up to a low place at the barrier, making a sort of dock, and the Bolling | up there with the New York outside of ner. Gutzos n Borglum's model of the Rushmore Memarial. Washington will occupy the central and dominating position. In the campleted work This was on Jenuary 27, the day Comdr. Byrd made his first long flight of ex- ploratjon. The bay ice had begun io g0 out and left a lead of open water outside the ships. Cargo was swung Qverside 1o the leé dock and hauled up to the top of the barrier. So expedi- tious was the method that a great deal had been aecomplished and parts of the | Ford plane were unloaded when the rock broke, on January 29. By great exertion and good fortune none of the material was lost and nobody went over- board, although there ware several nar- Tow escapes. The unloading problem then became | more serious, as it was necessary to tie the Bolling to the barrier with the New York lashed alongside. The bay ic had become soft for unioading heav. material. The barrier at this point was about 30 feet high, level with the Boll- ing's bridge. With the booms, cargo 785 slung to the top of the barrier and . auled by the dogs to a safe position. he danger was fully realized and the work rushed night and day. Men worked with ropes about their waists. Barrier Sheds a Piece. The big Ford was safely ashore and most of the heavy stores had been un- loaded when on February 1 this part of the barrier broke off and swung vio- lently, eareening as if about to capsize, and the New York also reeled as the two ships were thrust outward with terrific force. One man went into the sea from the barrier, and another fell to the ice below. The latter dragged himself part way up by means of a rope. swinging there for several minutes befere being rescued. Comdr. Byrd dived overboard into the jey water after the other man, who, weighted down by his heavy boots and elothing, was in a desperate situation, but was cut off by ice and forced to swim back to the ship after more than 10 minutes in the chilly water. A boat meanwhile was put over, and the man in the water and another on a cake of jee were rescued. The whole thing was over in 20 minutes, although it seemed hours. As if by a miracle, nobody was drowned and nobody injured. Even the | shock of submersion soon wore off, and in a short time every one was again on deck. The two ships drifted out to open water, where the remainder of the Boll- ing's cargo, mostly coal. was transferred to the New York, later being taken ashore over the bay ice. The material unloaded on the barrier was moved to a cachs about a mile back from the edge of the ice, from which, as the weather permitted, it was later hauled to caches within a short distance from camp. This over, the Bolling returned to New Zealand. A second trip was prevented by the freezing of the Ross Sea, the Bay of Whales and a thick pack which came out of the east and blocked the course about a hundred miles from the bay. With the final bit of eargo put ashore and the personal effects of the men who were to stay on the ice unloaded. the New York put o sea on February 22 and started her return trip to New Zealand, a trip on which she met with such storms that she was nearly lost. First Antarctic Airplane. THe first plane ever flown over the Antarctic Continent proper was the Fairchild brought down on the City of New York. It was unloaded on the bay ice alongside the ship and set up and the engine tuned up on January 14. The next day it was taken up for a test flight and performed perfectly Seven hts were made that day, the last being an ewdloration flight by Comdr. Byrd to the west toward Dis- covery Inlet, on which he saw 1,200 miles of virgin territory and found a new and deep inlet in the barrier. This flight, short as it was, proved undeniably the great value of the air- plane as a means of exploration because of the distance covered in a short time and the exeellent visibllity. It con- firmed Comdr. Byrd in his belief that under favorable conditions, which could be expected at certain intervals, th> ajrplane was the best method of explor- ing the Antarctic. Such an opportunity came on the day the Bolling arrived at the barrier, and the commander took immediate ad- vantage of it. The weather cleared in such a way that he was assured of clear weather far to the east and he took off for a flight to King Edward Land. His original objective was the land which he believed lay to the north and held fast the great ice sheet which barred the progress of ships to the eastward, but after passing the Scott nunatak, which he hit squarely on the course, low clouds cut off his passage to the east. and he returned to the nunatak and went south in a direction in which he thought land existed, from an indica | tion reen on the first part of the fligh Discovers a Mountain Range. His judgment and eyesight both found quick support in the discovery of a mountain range, which began about 50 miles south of the nunatak, which is a ptak in the Alexandra Mountains. This range, since named after John D. Rock- efeller, jr.. extended in the general di- rection of south and west, forming a curve. Byyd passed over the whole ex- tent of the range, taking some pictura of it, and then turned west toward Little America, which he reached on the course sct when leaving the mountains. The flight had lasted five hours and more than 10,000 square miles of new territory had been seen, due to the height at which the plane flew and the excellent visibility. This flight indicated the important geographical discoveries which might be made to the east of the Bay of Whales, and on January 18 Comdr. Byrd started on another flight, on which he hoped to penetrate further tn the east, where he thought he had seen a high mountain capped with clouds, d also go northeast past King Ed- Land. By this time the second plane, the Fokker, later lost in the Rockefeller Mountains, had been as- sembled, and the planes flew together. Again he headed for the Scott Nuna- tak, but was headed off after an hour's flight by low clouds. With one objec- tive parried, he turned south toward th> Rockefeller Mountains in the hope of seeing the big peak. He did see it, and he alzo saw another mountain and in- dications of land rising in the east to- ward what may be a t plateau. Keeping on to the south far beyond the | point reached on the other flight, he | | saw land near the position where Amundsen recorded “the appearance of land.? A course was then set for Little America and the planes returned safely after 4 hours and 15 minutes of flying, during which the course had been fre- quently changed. This flight was no_sooner over than Capt. Ashley C. McKinley set off to map the Rockefeller Mountains. He | secured a photographic survey of the entire mountain area and then, return- ing to the coast, mepped the Barrier edge between the Bay of Wales and a point about 60 mies to the northeast. Signs of a Vast Territory. On this flight also the high peak which the commander had previously seen was clearly observed because of better visibility and it was learned that a range of mountains ran from it to- ward the southeast, disappearing over the horizon. This was confirmation of the belief that a vast territory existed there. It was claimed for the United States and to it has been given the name of Marie Byrd Land in honor of Mrs. Byrd. It will be one object of the flights next year to extend the know- ledge of this territory. The land be- tween King Edward Land and 80 degrees 30 minutes south latitude and west of the 150th meridian has been named Scott Land by Comdr. Byrd in memory of the famous British explorer. ‘The final flights of the, year were in connection with the trip to the Rocke- feller Mountains to enable Prof. Laur- ence M. Gould to study their geological formation. He flew over with two com- panions on March 7 and, after taking sights which established the position of the mountains and obtaining geological specimens, was cut off by storms, which eventually wrecked the plane and stopped wireless communication with the base. On the eighteenth, after days of silence, Comdr. Byrd flew to the rescue and sent Gould's eompanions back, remaining himself for another trip. He came back on the twenty- second and flying was ended for the rear. y ‘The value of the airplane in the Antarctic was firmly established by these preliminary flights, but experi- ence indicated that planes for use at a distance from the base, where they may be hit by strong winds while on the ground, should have folding wi and that some better method of anchoring them should be found. When the weather is good flying conditions are excellent, as landing places are always within reach, and when visibllity is good it is possi to see nearly 150 miles. The new types of skis and land- ing gear worked perfectly on the hard, rough surfaces and no difficulty was ex- perienced in taking off, except when the snow was unusually bumpy. Even then take-offs and landings were made safely. The big Ford has been only partly assembled and will not be flown until good weather arrives next season. Scientific Work. Observation of the weather was bc- gun a day or two after leaving Dun- edin. A barograph was installed in the chartroom of the City of New York and a thermograph on top of it, and a con- tinuous record has been kept ever since. These instruments, with maxi- mum and minimum thermometers and a hygrometer, are now installed in or near the main building and since the meteorologists have been ashare a eon- stant record of wind velocities by means of a station meteorograph has also be:n obtained. Upper-air currents have been studied by means of balloon runs since January 15 and 125 runs have been made, disclosing a surprising variability in_upper-air currents. The geological studies made at the Rockefeller Mountains' have been the only possible work in this field this season, but they have led to important conclusions, one of which is that that section of the continent has no geo- graphical relationship to the mountai on the western side of the barrier and that the mountains discovered by Byrd are of great age. Magnetic observations are being con- dueted, and the aurora is being studied, particularly with respect to its possible effect on radio waves. Radio experi- ments of many kinds are being made with interesting results. Studies of bar- rier structure and iee crystals are being carried on, and an attempt will be made to determine by soundings whether land exists under this part of the barrier. Soundings from New Zealand to the barrier and in the Bay of Wales and to- ward King Edward Land were obtained. ‘The camp site and its relation to the bay have been surveyed. Biological and dietitic work has been carried on. In spite of rigid dietary limitations and in an environment of cold and darkness, vigorous health of our entire personnel has been main- tained. This has necessitated almost constant experimentation by Comdr. Byrd and others in many lines and has refulted in the collection of important data. Building the Camp. As soon as supplies were sent ashore to the camp site they were sorted and stacked, and when building parts ar- rived the actual construction of the camp was begun. This has involved digging holes for the houses, hangars for the planes and tunnels for the men and dogs. Because of storms, some of these excavations were shoveled out several times, and when the material unloaded on the barrier was uncov- ered an apalling amoynt of snow had to be moved. It has been conserva- tively estimated that 100,000 cubic feet of barrier snow has been excavated. As one cubic foot of barrier snow has been found to weigh 25 pounds, a total of 2,500,000 pounds has been moved. So it can be seen with what horror a snow shovel is regarded in Little America. ‘The men’s hall, the Roswell Barrett House, was the first to be erected. Be- hind_this the Norwegian house called the Biltmore was put up and between the two a machine shop was built. Then the radio towers were erected and guyed and the antennae put into place. The main house, the Edgar Barrett House, was then set up and a connecting tunnel was dug. A small hou: or two men was made airpl crates, dio workrooms other necessary were d (Continued on Sixth Page.) IDA GILBERT MYERS, THE OUTPOST OF THE LOST: An Arctiz Adventure. By David L. Brainard, Brigadier General, U.S. A. Edited by Bessie Rowland James. Indianapolis: The Bobbs-Merrill Co. ORTY years ago! The radio not | F even a dream. The flying ma- by the wholly mythical Darius Green. The automobile, a crazy ' contraption, wobbling along ‘the road- | way to the terror of both horse and man. A long time ago, 40 years—several hundred years in effect. Today everybody is on wheels—rich man, poor man, beggar man, thief. Ships sail the air, today, rounding the eal from side to side, from top to bottom. The radio brings immediate world-wide contacts, even from the far Antarctica itself, as if this were but a suburb of the vast continental masses to the north of it. Truly exploration is not what it used to be, not what it was only a half century ago. Surely, one would not if he could take away from the high glory of the Byrds and the Bennetts, from the Pearys and Scotts and Amundsens and the rest. Yet, these are serving but to round to climax the long, long story that began with the old Greek navi- gator, Pytheas, sailing northward in quest of ths beckoning, and retreating. Ultima Thule. A thousand Argonauts have sailed since then upon the same quest and hundreds of Jasons have perished in_their common challenge to the frozen Poles. The Poles—north and south—have unrolled the most gorgeous pageant of adventure, the most auda- cious odyssey of heroism that the earth has, so far, been able to lure mere man into under the promise of achievement and glory through exploration and discovery. “The Outpost of the Lost" is one of whe innumerable chapters in the long record of northern exploration. Forty years ago, or thereabout, this expedition headed northward under Gen. A. W. Greely. Today, but two survive that experfence. One of these is Gen. Greely himself. The other is Gen. David Brainard and it is he who here goes back over the hard months of suffering and uneertainty of that time in a very definite and valuable contribution to the surpassing theme of Polar explora- tion. Here is a personal record of actual experience. Its keynote is a jstark simplicity. Here is a thing that Needs no embellishment. It, in itself, is packed with substance of depth, with interest that calls for no artificial spur. 8o, in rug fashion, Gen. rainard goes back over the hard months, over the desolate outlook. And all those black days this young Brain- ard, sergeant, 2d Cavalry, kept a diary. Stubs of pencil, scraps, odds and ends of paper served the purpose of setting down scrawls about hard work and hunger, about sleepless nights, about days lgem in trying to make some slight headway against the implacable cold and ice. The daily record tells of the scanty advance, the certain re- treat. It tells of starvation, of dea not for a day, not for a month, but for months on end, with the hopes of res- cue fading away in despair and desper- ation. But—rescue did come, finally, to the mere handful of those who sur- vived. And, gathering up. those notes, 40 years old, Gen. Brainard bequeaths them to readers as an authentic report in the great business of northern dis- covery. There is no more pol int part to this record than the map that lines the lids of the book. Here one sees the course of the advances and retreats that were made. One sees also legends of this sort: “Thirty-four days adrift on floating ice,” “first year relief ship turned back,” ht months en two months’ ration, 18 dead—Pvt. Henry executed for stealing food,” second year rescue ship turned back” and so on from point to point throughout the map. “Third rescue ship found Lieut. Greely and six men alive eating their shoes.” A gruesome map, yet one of th> most vivid parts of the story as a whole. A list of the members of the expedition shows them to have been drawn from the Signal Corps, the Cav- alry. the Artillery, the Infantry, the | eneral service. A surgeon and the Es- imo dog drivers complete the man power of the expedition. A warm “salu- tation” by Gen. Greely to Gen. Brain- ard opens this remarkable story of per- sonal heroism on the part of this as it indicates also the high 3“! the story itself in its rugged ‘drama, in its unpretentious delivery of a really great matter. This record has a very definite place as one of the approaches to the work of exploration that is being done today along the outposts of the earth itself, y of * ¥ k% PRECIOUS BANE. By Mary Webb, author of “Armour Wherein He ‘Trusted.” etc. New York: E. P. Dut. ton & Co. A NOVEL of ineffable beauty where- in nothing at all happens, wherein, nevertheless, the whole of life lies. 8o if to you action, change, more action and more change are the measure of the story do not stop here. There is nothing for you here. If, on the other hand, you open out toward the wistful reminiscent loveliness of old places steeped in a thousand elusive mean- ings and Iimpressions—why, in that t down beside this “Precious Only the daily things of & country corner of England come out before you here. Old thi , forgotten things, soaked for centuries into the soil, reappearing to give glamour to the sunlight, to soften the passing day to the low murmur of many pasts—only these are here, only these and the com- mon life of the simple people round- about. “To conjure even for a moment the wistfulness which is the past is like trying to gather in one's arms the hy- acinthine color of the distance, But if it is once achieved, what sweetness! The vivid present, how faint it grows! We are tomorrow's past. . . . Shrop- shire is a_county where the dignity and beauty of ancient things linger long, and I have been fortunate not only in being born and brought ug in its m: ical atmosphere but in having many friends in farm and cottage”—and it is of these, “in farm and cottage.” that “Precious Bane” has to do. Yet, it is inot the story, not so much the story. It is the mood of beauty in which the |story is steeped that counts with the | reader—that counts with the reader, | provided only that his own spirit is | open and in tune to the deep personal probings that lie in this revelation of the spirit of Shropshire. “I thank you a thousand times for it"—this the cf ing word of Hon. Stanley Baldwin in letter to Mary Webb for her re-crea- tion of his own old quarter of England in so much of love and intimacy and sheer artistry. * ok ok % A TALE OF BRITTANY. By Plerre Loti, author of “The Iceland Fish- erman,” etc. Translated by W. P. New York: Prederick A. |HAVXNG finished “A Tale of Brit- tany” (“Mon Frere Yves"), Plerre Loti sat down and wrote a letter to his friend Alphonse Daudet. And here is the letter: “Here is a little tale which I wish to dedicate to you. Accept it, I pray, with my affection. “It has been urged against my books that there is always in them too much of the trouble of love. This time there is only a little love, and that honest love, and it comes only toward the end. “It was you who gave me the idea of writing the life story of a sailor and of putting it into the immense monotony of the sea. “It may be that this book will make me enemies, aithough 1 have touched chine but a made-up adventure | as lightly as possible on the regulations of the service, but you who love every- | thing connected with the sea, even the | wind and the fog and the great waves—yes, and the brave and simple sailors—you assuredly will understand | me. And in that I shall find my recom- | pense—Pierre Loti.” Simple, natural, devoted as a child is devoted to this one or that, possessed of | a passion for nature, especially the na- | ture of the sea, the letter tells beiter | than pages of mediocre appraisal could tell of the sheer charm of Pierre Loti. In this plain tale the moods of Brit- tany follow each other as do the moods | of Loti himself. Poetry, touching and lovely, command this writer and the corner of France with which he is here 50 deeply in love. A 'm to cherish for many readings, this “Mon Frere Yves.” * ¥ * ¥ GOOD CONSCIENCE. By Olav Duun.l Translated from the Norwegian by Edwin Bjorkman. New York: Har- per & Bros. UNA!LE‘ yet, to define it in any measure of exactitude, Americans are, nevertheless, coming to realize the stirring effect of the Norwegian novel. | Simplicity of life, Perfect clarity of projection. These two, it seems to me, are the basic qualities of the novel of pure Nordic source. A case in point— 5, Consclence.” As the title im- plies, the theme is that of the workings of the “inner monitor,” possessed by all the sons of men, so we are told, yet be- having variously under the diverse in- fluences of time and place. Two families face each other here across a narrow waterway of separation. Here they live in the common agreements, and dis- agreements, of their individual interests and perferences. Substantial, solid folks, a trifie heavy on the whole. Each one struggling in his outer behaviors with | his inner guide toward righteousness against sin. But, one takes a dishonest mm. to his lasting unhappiness. One no conscience at all, yet here is the most Jovable and kindly of men. A girl is tricked out of her lover. e marries the trickster and remains faithful to him, even under disclosure of his act. And so the st runs, much as it runs wherever men live together. Quite the usual account of man's fight with him- self. It is the austere beauty of the words, marching in measures of light and song, it is this that carries the charm of the book. Oh, to be sure, there is a moral, definite and emphatic. One wonders about these morals to stories. Three generations of natural llving—rllhl and wrong blended—make up the substance of the matter. Then the peaceful and triumphant climax. Still, the new generation has to carry on, and will—largely in the footprints of the forbears. So, why impose a reeti- tude u&nn it which it can hardly su: tain? However, readers appear to crave a happy ending to their storles. And writing is, as yet, carried on with read- ers nnm close to the writing hand of the author. * ok ¥ GUESS. THE SECOND Philadelphia Brown. eott Co. A NEW strain is at work here. Time, too, that a touch of originality should be manifest in the current story of crime and its punishment. The suave, super-detective been sadly over- worked. The fellow is tired. Needs a Yacation. Moreover, the riot of false trails, so obviously false to even the mosi uncritical of readers, is losing its first savors of interest. And here is something different. To be sure, the drama with murder. But this is the unnatural taking off of a noted gmblar. From this point of departure. 'n-&-.r Brown, ;uthor. betakes himself person of young Hai , mMost. matter-of-fact detective, to mlh’:‘under- world itself. Here, in a tense and absorbing pursuit of the eriminal mind, #s well as in an unspeetacular trailing of certain definite hints and clues, this writer rounds up a story of such sub- stance as to command immediate inter- est. One, by n{ of it, sees something of the criminal psychology, catches glimpses of the erimindl's mlwk upon the other side of the world, sits in at some of the characteristic contacts of this order, watches the formation of their plans, follows the success or the defeat of these. Then, above ground so to speak, many interesting things go on in the usual pattern of life. Yet all of thess converge in a gradual and natu- ral movement upon the center of in- terest, that of finally drawing together the many lines of self-interest that culminated in the murder of “Sweep- stake” Mason, gambler. Excellent in conception, adroit and understanding in development. Most interesting to the reader, I say. By Walter : J. B. Lippin: * ok okx BEG PARDON, SIR! Wright Kauffman, “Seventy-Six!” etc. Philadeiphia: The Penn Publishing Co. LONDON. Ridgeley’s. Gone now. 8o the story goes back a bit to catch the flavors of this old hostel. A murder. Rich man from Melborne. Mysterious lady in black. The arrival of another an who declares himself to be the an from Melbourne.” From this point of mere inventory, it is best for a reader to hunt out the book for him- self. For such a motley of performance, on the one hand calculated to make open revelation and, on the other, equally intended to deepen the ob- scurity and mystery—such a riot of ac- tivity the reader will not be likely to find in many a day outside this crime story. Reginald Wright Kauffman is taking a day off for rest and recreation. “Beg Pardon, Sir!” is his way of doing this. Better long. For without doubt this writer will not hold this playtime mood for long. He'll be passing out another serious novel soon. 80, catch on for a half hour of amuse- ment inside this book. By Reginald author of SHACKLES OF THE FREE. By Mary Grace Ashton, author of “Race.”| New York: Frederick A. Stokes Co. DOWNFALL. By Harold W. Brecht.| New York: Harper & Brothers. MAYPOLES AND MORALS. By Fred- eric Arnold Kummer. author of | “Ladies in Hades.” New York: J.| H. Sears & Co. MASTER SEA STORIES: Famous Stories by Russell, Jacobs, Bullen, Becke and others. New York: Ed- ward J. Clode, Inc. DR. ARTZ. By Robert Hichens. New t\::l'k: Cosmopolitan Book Corpora- n. LIVING WILD, or Our Pioneer Chil- dren of Montana. By A{nea B. Chowen. Illustrated by Erick Berry. New York: E.P. Dutton & Co., Inc. JOSCELYN OF THE FORTS. By Ger- trude Crownfield, author of “The Feast of Noel.” etc. Decorations by | George M. Richards. New York: E. P. Dutton & Co., Ine. THE BLUE JOHN DIAMOND. By | E. R. Punshon. New York: Edward | J. Clode, Inc. THE STOKE SILVER CASE. By Lynn | Brock. New York: Harper & Bros. | HINDU FABLES FOR LITTLE CHIL- DREN. By Dhan Gopal Mukerii, author of “Gay Neck, ete. Illus- CREATIVE WRITING: a Guide for Those Who Aspire to Authorship. | By Willlam Wei Ellsworth, a thor of “A Golden Age of Authors.” | gc. New York: Funk & Wllnl\l:,‘l 0. SPARTACUS. By Max Kransthor.| g Sy | enable them to serve. REVIEWS OF SUMMER BOOKS An Arctic Adventure of Forty Years Ago Written by One of the Two Survivors—Fiction From Other Lands and American Novels. Boston : ing House WINDS OF DESIRE. Gerard. New York: lay Co. MIMI BLUETTE. By Guido Da Ve- rona, author of “Life Begins To- morrow,” etc. New York: E. P. Dutton & Co.. Ine. FATHER WILLIAM: a_ Comedy of Father & Son. By Donald Ogden Stewart, author of “Mr. and Mrs. Haddoek Abroad,” etc. Drawings by Eldon Kelley. New York: Har- per & Bros. THE BAGSHOT MYSTERY. By Oscar g;ly. New York: The Macaulay The Christopher Publish- By - Louise The Macau- THE ROBBERY AT RUDWICK HOUSE. By Victor L. Whitechurch, author of “Shot on the Downs,” etc. New York: Duffield & Co. THE_WOMAN WHO KNOWS HER- SELF. By Elizabeth Sloan Chesser, M. D, author of “Youth,” etc. New York: E. P. Dutton & Co., Inc. IN THE LAND OF COCKAIGNE. By Heinrich Mann. Translated from the German by Axton D. B. Clark. New York: The. Macaulay Co. ROUND-UP; the Stories of Ring W. Lardner. New York: Charles Serib- ner's Sons. BIRD IN HAND; a Play in Three Acts. By John Drinkwater. Bos- ton: Houghton, Miffiin Company. CAVENDER HOUSE. By Edwin Ar- lington Robinson. New York: The MacMillan Company. THE FIERCE DISPUTE. B Hoover Santmyer, author of and Apples.” Boston: Miffiin Company. Helen “Herbs n, THE PUBLIC LIBRARY Recent accessions at the Publie Library and lists of recommended reading will appear in this column each Sunday. Travel. Bowen, Marjorie, pseud. Holland. G467.B673. Ghent, W. J. The Road to Oregon. G94.G34. Goldring, Douglas. Peoples and Places. G12.G565p. McCormick, Mrs. A. O. The Hammer and the Scythe. G54.M136h. The Call of England. ge. hoonmaker, Frank. Come With Me ‘Through l'.ll;’u G:35.Schs6. H. B. Pieturesque Old France. Music and Musical Instruments. Cremin, A. T. Graded Tenor Banjo Method. V. 1. VXBAN.C86. Glddings, T. P. and others.; Ele- mentary Music and 'wo-part Music. VZV.G363e. Hussey, Dyneley. Eurydice; the Nature of e v;rg:m 1. Mason, D. G. lemma of Ameri- can Music. vvun.mm Newman, Ernest. Stories of the Great Operas. V. 1. VVIoN465. Stoeving, Paul. The Violin. VXU. Stessy. Swisher, W. 8. Psychology for the Music Teacher. 1927. VWC.Sw67. Thorn, A. G. Music for. Young Chil- dren. VWX.T396m. Wier, A. E. ed. Sacred Music the ‘World Loves. 1916, VYR, W633s. Stocks and Bonds. Bond, F. D. Stock Movements and Speculation. HR.Bé4s. Butler, J. J. Suceessful Stock Specula- tion. HR.B97s. Cragg, Alliston. Understanding the St &k.'l'n‘hln“fl'i‘hm'c““' - Duran . ‘The New Techni Uncovering Security mm.n- D936n. Riordan, D. J. Stocks. HR.RATS. Wildman, J. R., and Powell, Weldon. mlm Stock Without Par Value. . We4se. Literary Criticism. Adeock, A. 8. J. The Glori' That Was Grub Street. ZY.Ad 13gl. Babbitt, Irving. Prench Literature. ZY39.B112f. A Estimates. . C., and Agar, Herbert. The Garment of Praise. ZYP.C435. Crawford, J. R. What to Read in Eng- lish Literature, ZY.C854w. Foerster, Norman, ed. The Reinterpre- tation of American Literature. ZYB83.F683r. Hueffer, F. M. The English Novel. ZY . HaT4e. Jones, H, M. Contemporary Southern Literature. ZY83.J71. Leisy, E. E. American Literature; an Interpretative Survey. 2Y83.L537. wxcm;u, Harvey. The Impuritans. ZY! l Plays. Anderson, Lee. Ten One-act Plays. YD.An22. Barry, Philip. Paris Bound. YD.B279p. De La Roche, Mazo. Low Life. the Emigrant. Dickens, Charles. Scen: 1923 YD.D556s. Mine, A. A. Toad of Toad Hall YD M636t. Racine, Jean. Biblical Masterpieces, Esther and Athalie. Y39DR 1l e. Rice, E. L. The Subway. YD.R384s. Wilde, Percival. Three Minute Plays. 1937, YD.Wed43t. Hawaiian Women Want To Serve on Juries Vigorous demands that Hawaiian women be allowed to serve on iuflu are being heard from all parts of this Territory. Though women have voted here since the passage of the suffragz amendment, they are still debarred from jury duty and an act of the Ter- ritorfal Legislature will be required to Various femi- nine organizations are campaigning for the passage of such an act, particular- ly because they feel that crimes against women and girls will be more severely punished if women are on the jurfes. M | LIBRARY) ENTS “the book you want when you wantit,” if newand lar. You pay a s rental fee the book is in your possession. You start and stop when you choose. Womrath’s buys to meet the de- mands of the moment. The service is prompt and ple » the books are clean and-inviting. in at our | library: trained, courteous a ants will make your visit enjoyable. WOMRATH'S isaan 1219 ¥ Sweet, 3046 14eh Swret, N. W. JANE BARTLETT, 1603 Connectiowt Ave., N. W,