Evening Star Newspaper, June 30, 1929, Page 27

GUGGENHEIM GIFT BUILDS | SOLIDLY FOR GOOD WILL! Greater Intellectual Exchange Between Americas Is Made Possible by New Foundation. BY GASTON NIRVAL, Authority on Latin American Affairs. IMON GUGGENHEIM, _former United States Senator, has just given a fund of $1,000,000 for the tablis’ ment of exchange schol- arships for students of the United States and of Latin America. The full significance of this foundation in the development of intellectual relations between the Americas, a necessity for the success of the Pan-American ideals of our present day, is not easily real- | ized by persons accustomed to hear cas- | ual discussions of donations such as| this or larger ones for divers charitable | or cultural purposes. Nevertheless, al- though the donation has received but passing notice from the American news- papers, it is destined to have enormous importance in the future development of_inter-American relations. The weakest point in the Pan-Amer- fcan cause has always been the lack of real knowledge of each other among the peoples of Latin and of Saxon | America. To this lack can be attributed | all the misunderstandings and all the | mistakes which have Dbeen hindering | franker and closer relations between the peoples of the South and those of the North. The ignorance which exists | here as to the ways of life and mode of thought of the Latins is as great as that of the latter as to the true ideals and aspirations held in_ this country, of which they see only the material or economic aspects or its eccentricities. There is absolute ignorance on both | , sides, preventin~ an_understanding of | the purposes, thought and efforts of | each. Anything which may aid in changing this condition of affairs will do more for Pan-Americanism than all the “good-will” missions. Deeper Understanding Needed. Peoples who do not know each other | cannot understand each other. It is| the same with nations as with indi- viduals—a mere superficial acquaint. ance cannot form the basis of a deep and sincere friendship. Intimate knowl- edge, and, above all, a spiritual under- standing, is necessary for true friend- . ships. And now in the Americas there | 15 not only ignorance of higher things ! but also of mere geography. | Not long ago a young man from Peru | | went to studv in Columbia University, | | and protested against the prevalent ignorance of things Latin American | which he had encountered. He re-| marked indignantly: “It is incredible | that in the schools of this country they | do not take the trouble to teach even ! the o - of Latin America. I have heard it stated here that Para- fil‘y is a province of Argentina, that 1 ienos Aires is the capital of Brazil, that Colombia is the capital of Vene- zuela. On the other hand, I myself have always known that New York is the capital of the United States Speaking generally, all that the Lat'n Amerjcans know about their Saxon ican neighbors is what they read in the daily cable news. This rarely contains more than mention of the newest skyscrapers in New York, the latest sporting events, boxing matches, , crimes, exploits of Chicago bandits, condition of the stock markets or the + latest films being made in Hollywood. ‘The news agencies take little trouble to make known in Latin America anything about. the intellectual movements, the cultural activities or artistic achieve- ments, or even the political ideals of the United States. Ignorance Is Two-Sided. And in the same way when the American dailies mention a country of South or Central America it is because some civil rebellion has broken out, some comme failure is feared, or because it has been discovered that in =ome place or other some Indians are still living in & state of savagery. Little or nothing is known here of the cul- tural activities and achievements of the Latin Americans, nor of the ideals that inspire the Latin leaders who are working day by day for the material and spiritual progress of their nstions. ‘There are, of course, notable exceptions on both sides, and these exceptions go to form the bases o.. which tomorrow ‘will rise the structure of New World {fraternity. Senator Guggenheim, who is promoting this interchange of stu- dents, is one of the notable exceptions. Heretofore whenever a North Ameri- can has shown interest in learning about things Latin American it has almost invariably been because he had in mind some great financial or com- mercial project. Hence, of course, the Latin has become accustomed to regard the men of the North as capitalists, merchants, business men—nothing else. In the same way the Latin is regarded here usually as a person with little lik- ing for work, careless, a drcamer, a poet or a good tango dancer. And | . heither the one nor the other takes ' much iInterest in the intellectual | achievements of his neighbor or in fol- lowing their examples in any way. Intellectuality Neglected. Of the three factors upon which de- vend the success of the Pan-American movement none has been so neglected as the intellectual phase. The two others—the political and economic fac- tors—have gained much ground in the past few years. The strengthening of official and diplomatic relations be- tween the United States and each of the Latin American republics has pro- gressed notably. Efforts have been made to avold. the rcefs which had hereto- fore obstructed or which still hinder the establishment of really close rela- tions, and everything has been done to win the good will of the nations south of the Rio Grande. That no more has ‘been accomplished is due precisely to that lack of mutual understanding be- tween the parties. As to the economic phase, it is needless to repeat here sta- iistics on the extraordinary increase in the commercial relations between this country and those of Iberian America. During the past 10 years the totals of exports and imports have doubled, and the interest of business men in estab- lishing trade with the Latins has in- creased a hundred fold. The increase of capital invested by United States | firms and individuals in the various | Latin countries of the Americas has also reached high totals. Politically and economically all seems to be going swimmingly. Nevertheless, no matter how close the economic relations nor how many the official missions between the countries of the Americas, the work of Pan- Americanism will never be complete 50 long as the intellectual is not consid- ered. This can only be accomplished through intellectual interchange and ‘better mutual understanding among the peoples. A First Step. ‘The Guggenheim Foundation is the first official step in this direction, in creating an exchange of students be- tween the universities of Latin America and those of the United States. These students, when they have completed their studies, will receive their profes- sional diplomas and return to their mother countries to teach the new gen- erations. Knowing the characteristics and the soul of the nation in which they lived and studied, they will teach the truth about it, and will take an interest in passing their knowledge on to others, From this constant intel- Jectual exchange there will be formed in time a new fund of international background in this hemisphere, since through knowing each other peoples come to understand each other and to love each other. At present there are, of course, nu- 1 merous Latin American students in the colleges and universities of this coun- try, but the Guggenheim Foundation . _offers the first material aid of real im- « iportance -in -this respect. Statistics THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C., JUNE - 30, 1929—PART 2.’ Byrd’s First Season Active Much Scientific Work Accomplished in Five and a Half Months | show that in 1928 there were 750 nu-l dents from Latin America in students increases yearly. On the other | through the Panama Canal to study in Cuba. Henceforth the Guggenheim scholarships will afford students of this country all necessary facllities for con- | tinuing their studies in the Argentine, in Chile, in Bolivia, in Colombia, or in any other of the southern republics. In the same way young men and women of‘each of the Latin republics may come to American universities. This change is to be begun gradually, the | first appointments to take effect in | Mexico City next January. ! A European Foundation. Since its establishment in 1925 the ! Guggenheim Foundation has been con- +tributing liberally to this sort of intel- | lectual interchange with European | countries. When Mr. Guggenheim an- | nounced that he was setting aside a| fund of $3,500,000 to create the Foun- | dation he stated that its object would be to “promote the advancemert ana diffusion of knowledge and understand- ing and the appreciation of beauty by aiding, without distinction on account of race, color or creed, scholars, scien- tists and artists of either sex in the prosecution of their labors.” Since the establishment of the Foundation 230 scholarships have been granted to American students and _teachers for foreign study. Now, realizing the in- creasing importance of relations with Latin America, Senator Guggenhelm extends the benefits of the Foundation to the Latin peoples of our hemispa~re by this $1,000,000 donation. Accordung to the official announcement, schofar- ships will be offered first to students af Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Cnlle, Mexico, Peru and Uruguay, snd the same privileges will be extended later to m&m of the other nations. Each scholarship, in addition to traveling ex- penses, gives the student $2,500 {r one year. ' The term may possibly be ex- tended. A knowledge of English will not be an indispensable requisite for Latin American students: they will be given, if necessary, an extra period of six or eight months, so that they m: familiarize themselves with the English language. Students May Choose School. It is hoped that the candidates for scholarships will be, as a rule, gradu- ates of universities, professional schools, or persons who have special in some branch of learning, science or art. Students will be free to choose the institution in which they study. Ct didates for scholarships should present with their application a definite plan for the work they desire to accomplish. In making this last donation, Sena- tor Guggenheim said: My brothers and I have long been engaged in com- merce with many of the republics south of the United States, and we know that there are no longer any important fac- tors of economic 1solation- separating us. But a similar commerce of things of the mind, of spiritual value, 1s yet to be accomplished. It is Mrs. Guggen- heim’s and my hope that this new fund will assist in supplying that great need.” Senator Guggenheim .goes on to state that it is his conviction that “‘we have much to learn from those countries, our elder brothers in American civili- zation, and much also to show their scholars and their artis The philanthropist is right. Much has been done to eliminate the politi- cal differences which separated the peo- ple of Latin and of Saxon America, and more has been done to strengthen economic ties between them, but little or nothing has been accomplished in promoting an intellectual and cultural interchange among the peoples of the hemisphere. And it is only through such an interchange of the things of the mind and of the soul that there is hope for the reign of that sincere spirit of international friendship which men of good will are seeking today and which will be the basis of perpetual peace in this region of the world. Economic ties, like political bonds, are artificial, the work of men’s hands, created for private or national benefit, or for that of an international com: munity. Being artificial, they are frag. ile, as are all material creations of hu- man ingenuity or effort. Only bonds of the brain and of the soul endure. They are the higher, the invisible tles that unite souls through sentiments and things of the spirit, and they lie beyond the realm of created interests or of hu- man intrigue. To reach this true un- derstanding between the two races of differing origin. there is but one road: that of mutual knowledge of each other. If we wish to make real in the New World the plea of the Creator “Love ye one another,” we must first teach “Know ye one angther.” | Many Noted Cana(iians Claimed by Death Death has made Canada the poorer by a shockingly long list of distin- guished Canadians. The list already includes the names of BSir Vincent Meredith, financler; Sir James Aikins, former lieutenant governor of Mani- toba; Sir Hugh John Macdonald, son of the great Sir John A. and an emi- nent citizen of his own account: Sir Lomer Gouin, for years a power in Quebec; Sir Clifford Sifton, nation- builder and financier; and Hon. Dr. J. W. Edwards, former federal cabi- net minister and a leading conserva- tive member of Parliament. The pass- ing of five titled Canadians in this short period is a remarkable circum- stance and calls attention to the steady diminution of the Dominion’s knight- hood ranks. No titles have been grant- ed for 10 years, and it is improbable that the present rule will be altered, which means that in a few years the only titled Canadians resident in Can- ada Will be the holders of the very few hereditary honors, Already, it is inter- esting to note, no Canadian cabinet, federal or provincial, contains a title. None of the nine lieutenant governors holds a title, nor any member of a provincial legislature. ght Bulb Called Moon by Eskimos ‘The electric light is the latest toy of Canada’s arctic Eskimo, according to the annual report of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, which states that the “Children of Twilight” say “Push button and moon comes into room.” The radio and airplane are two other modern devices to reach the denizens of the Arctic, who are also accustomed to the phonograph and who are said to have a decided preference for jazz and Harry Lauder’s selections. Patrols in the depths of Arctic Win- ter in lashing blizzards, hazards of travel over the ice, cold so intense that it froze coal oil and rendered primus lamps useless, peril of glaciers, the | higher educational institutions of the | | United States, and the number of these | | hand, few young North Americans go | any of the South American universi- | ties. At most, a few go to Mexico and v FROM This summary and review of the accom- s correspondent with the expedition. since the explorers went into Winter quarters early Tt has been sent in sections, by less. and is here gathered into one com- prehensive article. BY RUSSELL OWEN. LITTLE AMERICA, Antarctica.—The first season of the Byrd Antarctic Ex- pedition has ended and the amount of work done has exceeded Comdr. Byrd's expectations. Five and a half months have elapsed since the expedition left Dunedin. In that time a heavy task of unloading has been accomplished, the largest base in the Antarctic has been built, three exploration flights, covering 20,000 square miles, have been made | and there has been a creditable amount of sclentific work. A vast territory has | been claimed for the United States east | of the Ross Dependency. The three exploration flights made by Comdr. Byrd were supplemented by a photographic flight, in which the Rockefeller Mountains, discovered by him, were mapped by aerial camera, as was the coast of the barrier northeast of the Bay of Wales and the bay itself. Another ‘mountain range, peaks of Which were first seen by the command- er, was found on this flight to extend far to the southeast. Land has also been seen to the south between King Edward Land and Carmen Land. A geological trip was made to the Rockefeller Mountains, and they were found to be of a very old formation not allied with the land on their side of the barrier. The range was surveyed and its position located. Meteorological observations, including 125 balloon runs, have been made, the aurora and its pos. sible connection with radio is being studied, radio experimental work is be- ing done, magnetic observations carried on and also studies of the barrier struc- ture, especially in relation to crevasses and ice cvystallography. A good deal of other work is being done this Winter, including dietetic and biological studies During this time tihere have been bullt three main houses, one small liv- ing house and one tiny hut made of THE GREAT ICE BARRIER S| boxes, in which a man will attempt to live all Winter as an experiment; a photographic - laboratory, three main storerooms, dug out of the snow, radio and airplane workrooms and a machine | shop, two snow hangars for the planes, one-half mile of turnels for the dogs and men, a magnetic observatory, a meteorological observatory, a meteoro- logical workroom, a zoological workroom and a_gymnasium big enough for box- ing. Three radio towers 60 feet high have been erected and equipped with various types of antennae and two long auxiliary antennae have been strung on poles above ground. An entire system in duplication for generating electricity for radio and electric lights has been set up. Two sledging journeys have been made, one to the south and one to the east, in the directions flights will be made next year, and main bases of food, fuel and other supplies estab- lished. A food cache, a fuel cache and an oil cache have also been placed some distance from camp in anticipation of a possible emergency, and a cache lald down at the Rockefeller Mountains. Dangerous material, such as acetylene, which explodes at low temperatures, and blasting powder has been cached far awav. In addition to all this, enough seals for food for dogs and some for men have been obtained. There is sufficient food and coal here to last much longer than the expedition will remain here, giving an ample margin of safety. Three attempts were made with the City of New York to penetrate by sea to King Edward Land, but were de- feated by storms and drifting ice pack. On one of these water froze so thickly on the ship that the rudder had to be chopped free before the ship could be maneuvered. An effort to find Fram- | heim, Amundsen’s old base to the south, has also been made and will be con- | tinued when the sun returns. Voyage to the Ice Barrier. ‘The City of New York left Dunedin, | New Zealand, on December 2, 1928, and after getting to sea was taken in tow by the Eleanor Bolling for the 1,500- mile run to the edge of the pack ice, where the was to meet the whaler Lar- HOWING THE BYRD SHIPS WH ICH GIVES SOME IDEA OF THE GREAT HEIGHT OF THE WALL OF ICE. (Copyright, 1929, by the New York Times Co. and the St. Louls Post Dispatch.) sen. Much depended on that meeting, and it had been planned that as’ little | time as possible would be wasted at the | edge of the pack, burning valuable coal. Comdr. Byrd did not want to get there too soon, and at the same time he wanted to be sure to meet the Larsen, so that the big ship could take the New York in tow and pull her through the pack quicker than the smaller ship could force a way with her own en- gines. ~Being towed by the Bolling en- abled him to time his arrival with more exactitude and also to recoal the New York. The weather was favorable until just before the pack was reached. There were strong following or westerly winds most_of the way, once or twice rising to gale force and kicking up a high sea, but the two ships rode it with ease and the hawser held, despite some anxious moments, until the 8th, when it parted near the taffrail of the Bolling. It was | made fast again after some clever ma- | neuvering. ‘The first icebergs were seen on the 9th, huge tablelands of white, with the seas breaking against their sides and shooting 50 feet into the air. Naviga- tion was beginning to become difficult. although, because the compasses were affected by proximity to the magnetic pole. It was a great aid to obtain radio bearings from the whalers and cross them with position lines obtained by cbservation. The radio compass also gave a bearing on the Larsen, so that even without sighting her during the las¥ day or two, when the weather was becoming increasingly thick, it was pos- sible to lay a straight course for the big ship. 3 Sighting of Scott Island. The whalers had reported that Scott | Island, two lonely rocks rising from the midst of this icy, wind-swept sea, did not exist; that they had sailed over the | position without seeing any sign of land. So there was some excite.nent when on the 9th the two peaks were | seen rising to the right of the course. | | They were the dreariest bits of land | man ever - looked upon, covered with | snow and a reddish brown lichen, | mong which some birds were nesting. | The waves crashed against the basaltic columns and broke into spray. Th» ship passed to the west of the islands, photographs were taken and the po- | sition fixed by observation and found to_correspond with Scott’s. No sooner had these islands been passed than the edge of the pack was seen ahead, and in a short time the two ships were feeling their way be- tween pieces of pack and heading to the eastward to get around ice which lay between them and the Larsen. It became foggy and snow fell, so that speed had to be reduced, to avoid hit- ting some of the small bergs and huge cakes which loomed out of the dusk ahead. It was the most dangerous part of the entire trip south and was com- plicated by navigational difficulties. so that for two days Comdr. Byrd seldom went to his bunk to rest and never to sleep. In the midst of the thick weather, when it was almost impossible to_ see the Bolling ahead and the two ships were crawling between the main ice fleld and a huge flow of heavy pack, the steel hawser snapped near the New York and trailed behind the Bolling. A winch was started to get it aboard, but after a part of it had been coiled on the after deck it slipped on the winch drum and went fiving over the stern, nearly carrying three, men with it. After that the two ships cruised along: in company until over an ice flow ahead could be seen a trail of smoke, and presently a tiny whaling chaser, on which was Capt. Nilsen of the Larsen, came along, lifting and dlpq_l‘:g over the long Antarctic swells. ey sa- luted and went by after a whale. Ships Lashed Together. Once around the corner of the flow the ships were in a huge ice bay, and in the distance could be seen the bulk of the Larsen. Near her, as soon as the sea went down a little, the expedition ships were lashed together, and the Bolling began unloading coal to the New York. Eighty-seven tons were taken aboard, so that when the Bolling finally cast off and started back to New Zealand the New York had moi coal in her bunkers and on deck thi (Continued on Fourth Page.) n The Story the Week Has Told BY HENRY W. BUNN. HE following is a brief summary | of the most important news of | the world for the seven days| ended June 29. * x % /2 GREAT BRITAIN.—The new West- | minster Parliament assembled on June | 25. | Sidney Webb, the new secretary of | state for ‘the colonies and dominions and greatest of living literary exponents of socialistic theory, has been elevated | to the peerage as Baron Passfield of Passfield Corner, Passfield Corner being his country residence near Southamp- | ton. Sir John Sankey, the new lord | chancellor, has been created Lord | Sankey of Moreton. A very able judi- | cial officer, he acquired much fame as | head of a commission of some years back which recommended nationaliza- tion of the mines. He is reputed a non- party man. Ben Smith, member of Par- liament and former taxi driver, has been | appolnted treasurer of the royal house- | 0] The present indication is that Premier | MacDonald's projected visit to Wash- ington will not take place as soon as first. rumors indicated; that it may not be till next year. Indeed, one need not be surprised if it never takes place. Perhaps permanent pacific results will not be prejudiced (conceivably, indeed, the contrary- might be true) should a certain charming impulsiveness subside. One should discreetly try to expedite, but it may be a mistake to rush, the millennium. We are told that Premier MacDonald intends to announce in the League of Great Britain accepts the clause of the World Court statutes; to be precise, article 36 of the statutes.of the Permanent Court of International Justice. This is expected notably to advance the Kellogg pact in its teething. Indeed, Mr. MacDonald regards the World Court as the best exisiting ma- chinery for “implementing” the Kel- logg pact. The “optional clause” pro- vides that a state adhering to it ac- cepts as compulsory the jurisdiction of the World Court in all disputes having regard to: (a) Interpretation of the Versailles treaty: (b) any question of international la: (c) “the existence of any fact which. if established, would constitute a breach of international ob- ligation'’ (d) the nature and extent of the reparation to be made in any specific case for a breach of interna- tional obligation. Elihu Root wrote the clause in 1920. Should Mr. MacDonald act at Geneva as we are told he will, and should his action be ratified by the Westminster Parliament, such action would not bind Great Britain's sisters of the British commonwealth of nations, whose adhe- sion will or will not be individually iven. Moreover, it is hinted .that Mr. acDonald may make some reserva- tions, as that, until the “freedom of the seas” issue has been settled, rulings of British prize courts in.time of war must be protected. Presumably, should we at last adhere to the World Court, we will reserve against article 36; very interesting, of course, in view of the fact that the out- standing champions of its provisions have been Americans. All of the great wers which have adhered to the court ave accepted the optional claus: cept Great Britain, JIE,II'A and Italy (France's acceptance lacks the consum- mation of formality, but she has prac- tically accepted). It is generally thought threats of starvation in the barren lands and & host of otber rigorous e: periences are also chronicled in the Te- port. In addition to the long patrols which have become a tradition of the scarlet and gold, the police report is replete with interesting details about the Eskimo and pictures of the rapid invasion of the Arctic Circle by twen- tieth century civilization, that, should Great Britain accept, Japan | and Italy (1. e, Mussolini) will trail along. ‘The National Trust for Scotland pro- to acquire for a national reserva- tion a tract in the highlands of not less than 100 square miles, perhaps as great as 200, comprising the most picturesque part of the Grampians. Such a pro- “My heart's in the highlands, my heart is not here; “My heart’s in the highlands, a-chasing the deer.” o e FRANCE.—It will be recalled that just prior to recessing the House and Senate passed a resolution providing for postponement from August 1, 1929, to May 1, 1930, of the due date of the debt of about $400,000,000 owing our Government from the French govern- ment upon the account of the war stocks left by us in France and pur- chased by France, on condition that prior to August 1, 1929, the French Parliament should ratify the Mellon- Berenger agreement. To be sure, the resolution did not become law, owing to the neglect of the Vice President and the Speaker of the House to sign it prior to the recess, but the President has stated the ‘Intention to honor the expressed intent of the Congress. But, notwithstanding the sensible decision of the President, the little difficulty of the war stocks. debt is not settled. For the French Parliament does not wish to ratify the Berenger agreement prior to ratification of the Young plan by all the governments concerned, and it is highly improbable that such ratifiation will be effected prior to August 1. On June 27, accord- ingly, the French Parliament passed the following resolution: “Before opening the discussion rela- Epit BY BRUCE BARTON. N Ashland, Ohio, nt bears this tion: a monu- inserip- In Memory of Ashland County’s Piol Including Johnny Apple: JOHN CHAPMAN An Ohjo Hero, Patron Saint Of American Orchards and Soldier of Peace. Wheo was John Chapman? A simple man like you and me. Born in New England, he roamed to Ohio. He held no public office; he accumulated no fortune. But everywhere he went he carried a pocketful of apple ds. He dropped them into the rich Ohio soil, along the road- ways. At his home he reared one apple orchard after another, i freely to a hundred widely ns of Ohio, the Today, in scattered and the children eat of the fruit—because Johnny Appleseed once passed that way. Have you ever heard the legend of how the Mosque of St. Sopl got its name? The Emperor Justinian built it. It was to be monument, to bear his name forever. He paid for everything and supervised willing to divide the credit for it with any other living soul. The crowds gathered for the unveiling.” Tha Emperor od forward and tore away the veil— posal makes the heart leap: X (Copyrig | tive to the ratification of the interna- tional debts, and because of the limited time before payment of the war-stocks debts is due, the chamber, desiring to proceed with a thorough examination of the text of the accord with Wash- ington, and in view of the new ex- | perts’ plan (the Young plan), notes the government’s declaration that it agrees to open new negotiations with | the United States Jooking to the post- ponement until December 31 of the pay- ment for Army stocks.” Premier Poincare is to undertake the-| hegotiations indicated. But what an- swer is to be expected from Washing- ton other than that the unconditional postponement requested could only be granted by the American Congress, and that the Congress has recessed to Sep- tember 23. Apparently, then, the Ber- enger agreement must be ratified be- ore August 1, or the war-stocks debt must be paid before that date. The developments in this business will be watched with great interest. In the first three months of this year deaths exceeded births in France by | 70,205, v'hereas in the corresponding period of 1928 births exceeded deaths by 7,333. A plausible explanation of the melancholy figures is the excep- tionally severe Winter, causing high mortality, especially among infants. * K K * GERMANY.—On June 27 the Reichs- | I | aphs then drew back, hast. For on the tablet where he had ordered his name inscribed was found the name Sophia. Angrily, the Emperor ordered the city searched. Let them di cover the culprit who had displaced his. The secorid day they brought to him a poor, cringing wi woman, who lived in a hovel near the wharves. Trembling and tearful, she confessed She knew the decree that no one should contribute anything to the building of the temple but Justinian alone. Neverth she had coveted a little shar Having nothing to give, she had torn the straw from her mattress and held it out to the their heavy loads of stone to the hilltop. The angels, witne: and carved the ni stead. Johnny Appleseed - and St Sophia both remind us that the humblest human being can con- tribute something if he only will. H epitaphs of average human beings 1. Here lies a man who estab- grocery store and s monument. 2. Here lies a woman who gave three sons to the world, all decent, all with a little better start than she had. 3. Here lies John Jones, who held a succession of jobs, all of which he hated, and who died from heart failure while hurry- ing away from his werk. ht. 1929 left it as tag falled to provide the two-thirds majority necessary to renewal of the famous “law for the protection of the republic,” the most striking clause of which in effect forbids residence in Ger- many of the former Kaiser. Renewal was voted 263 to 166, just short of the required two-thirds. Having so acted, the Reichstag recessed to July 20. Unless renewed, the law lapses on July 22. The government announces that it will submit a new bill of the same complexion as the present law. Con- ceivably its enactment will depend on satisfaction of Germany's pressing de- mands upon the allies on several heads. That was an interesting observation made by Dr. Stresemann, the German fore'gn minister, the other day, in the course of a debate in the Reichstag. Count Westarp, the ferocious leader of the Nationalists, had in his dainty way declared that Germany was becoming a colony of France and of Great Britain, “No,” replied Stresemann, “we are not a colony of Frenchmen and English- men. To me it seems doubtful whether all Europe is not in danger of becom- ing a colony of those who are luckier than we. The fact that the colonists sat down together to work out ameliora- tion for each other because others did not give them amelioration—that is something that cannot be removed from the history of the Paris negotiations.” Dr. Hilferding, German finance min- ister, declared the other day that for 1929 Germany stands to liquidate a burden entailed by the war of about 4,500,000,000 marks (about $1,080,000,- 000); 2,500,000,000 for reparations, the rest for pensions, care of wounded soldlers, ete. * % ok % CHINA.—So the difficulty between Chiang Kai-Shek and Feng Yu-Hsiang has been composed.” Evidently Feng decided that the odds against him were too great, despite the benevolence of Moscow. But Chiang is magnanimous, he allgws his rival to save his face. The latter is not merely permitted to travel abroad for his health, according to the delightful Celestial formula, but he is invited to serve his country still in an important capacity. He is to be named “speclal investigation commissioner of foreign economic affairs for the Nan- king government,” and he is to be allowed a magnificent sum for traveling expenses and by way of douceur. In some ways, indeed, China retains the grand style, * K K ok UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.—- The victory of the Columbia Varsity eight at Poughkeepsie on June 24 in the most fantastic of boat races was well earned by superb watermanship. Ow- ing to sundry delays the crews did not get away until it was almost completely dark, and in the course of the race four crews (those of California, Syracuse, Cornell and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology) were swamped and the oarsmen had to swim for their lives. Columbia thus crowned what was per- haps the most glorious season’s record on the water ever made by the Ameri- can college. On June 23 the Columbla 150-pound crew won the Harlow eight's challenge cup on the English Thames, and its prospects look good for winning the grand challenge cup at Henley. Merger is announced of the Wright Aeronautical Corporation, the Curtiss Aeroplane Motor Co. and the Keystone Alrcraft Co.—a tremendous affair. The Department of Commerce e: mates that American tourists spent over $500,000,000 in foreign countries last year. We received in war-debt ments of 1928 something over $200, - 000. But to juxtapose these figures, as people are doing, is silly. A sensible comparison would be between the total net profit to Europe for our tourists’ expenditures and the total paid on war debt acceptances. Our tourists get ap- proximate valye for their money; COMPLEXiON Estimate by Diarist Group Came BY CAESAR SAERCHINGER. | N estimating the political eomplexion | of the new British government the | diarist of the Evening Standard says that it consists of “two ex- members of the I. L. P. and two | present members, two Fabians, six ex- , Liberals, two ex-Conservaiives, eight | | representatives of trade unions and one | | member of the Co-operative party.” It | might be said, on this evidence, that it | | runs from red through all the shades of | pink to faded blue. ‘Chere are, of course, other ways of &zing up the group of men who have undertaken to rule the world’s biggest commonwealth for the next two years or more. As the avowed representa- tives of the working class they are perhaps not as “proletarian” as one might expect. In fact, only 6 out of 27 are or have been out-and-out working men. Six more belong to the whits collar brigade of clerking, shop-keeping and small officialdom, and one is a working journalist. The rest are defi- nitely what the Englishman does not mind calling “upper class.” Four of thess are lawyers, four are professional economists and scholars, one an ex-general. The remainder are sons of “gentlemen” who have devoted themselves to politics. - One hesitates to call them professional politicians, since that is a_term of deprecation in America. not people who make a living out of politics but those who can afford to spend money on it. “They are in the majority in any government -consti- tuted by the Conservative or Liberal parties, but even among the r party there are such “swells” as Lord Arnold, Sir Oswald Mosley, Sir Charles P. Trevelyan, Capt. Wedgwood Benn and Noel Buxton, whose ancestors have labored so - that they might devote themselves to the gratifying and orna- mental career of public life. The Big Five. The cleavage between the English classes is fixed in school and it sticks all through life, irrespective of success, position and power. members of the new government are almost_equally divided into upper and lower class. Fifteen of them have bzen educated in upper class schools and universities, 12 others have had to be content with a common school educa- tion, or no schooling at all. These 12, however, comprise most of the important members of the cabinet, the core of which is made up of Labor's “big_five.” These five men—Ramsay MacDonald, Philip Snowden, Arthur Henderson, J. H. Thomas and J. R. Clynes—are all sons of laborers, and most of them have labored with their own hands at the manual trades. Hen- derson was an iron molder, Thomas an engine driver, Clynes a textile worker, and so was Tom Shaw, the minister for war. William Adamson was a er's son and himself went down the shaft when he was 11. P. O. Roberts, the new minister of pensions, was & com- positor and later an official of the Typo- graphical Union. Ramsay MacDonald himself started life as a farm lad, became a pupil teacher at 12, and after coming to Lon~ don made his living as an invoice clerk, | getting $3.75 a week. In spite of his | humble beginning, he is recognized to- jday as one of the intellectuals of the party, the greatest idealist and its logical head. More than any of his working class colleagues, he has stripved off the work- ing class manner and become one of the most polished and diplomatic_men in public life. His ‘personal charm must have been a great factor in his success, and if he is an idealist he is also ambitious and autocratic. When he was 30 he married a niece of Lord Kelvin, and for 17 years his wife helped to groom him for the great position he would one day occupy. Even America can show no more striking case of the self-made man. The Snowdens. Philip Snowden, the chancellor . of the exchequer, is ‘a Yor! weave- er’s son, and by dint of his great head for figures got into the civil service, where he spent seven years. There he studied economics and became a Social- ist. Snowden is all head and no body. A little man, he about on two sticks, having been crippled in a bicycle {sccident many years ago. His brain bristles with figures and facts. In spite of being a Socialist, he is a personal friend of Lloyd George and has in common with him a fondness for musiz. This is shared by his wife, who has the reputation of being one of London's musical hostesses. Culture, indeed,, is by no means ab- sent from the Labor cabinet, for Mac- !Donald is credited with considerable understanding of art. Clynes shares the Snowdens' enthusiasm for music, and P. O. Roberts is an amateur vio- linist who doesn't mind sporting his | musical gift in public. A surprising number of the Socialist cabinet are active churchmen. Hen- derson is a stanch Methodist, and | war debt payments are for shells ex- ploded over a decade ago. The reindeer industry of Alaska thrives mightily. The total number of animals is estimated at a million. It is the indispensable animal, “the camel of the Arctic’; as on long trek the camel lives on its hump, so on lNke employ the reindeer lives on its accu- mulated fat. It furnishes food and clothing to the natives, and the expori of reindeer meat to the States steadily increases. In 1928 two million pounds was exported. It is superior to the dog for long-distance transport. ‘Prior to 1921 there were no reindeer glnAll.!k.l. It was in that year that the the “from the primitive to the pastoral stage.” Up-to-date storage plants and abattoirs have been constructed at seven points along the coast. Cold-stor- age plants are excavated from natural walls of solid ice. It has been esti- mated that the 200,000 BTIII’: miles of Alaskan land covered with dry moss can furnish adequate grazing to 10,000,- 000 reindeer. < The council of the American Chemi- cal Society recommends that Josiah Willard Ol‘b& be honored among other illustrious Americans in the Hall of Fame. How astonishing, how vividly il- lustrative of the continuing crudeness of our gtnenl sense of values, that Gibbs should not have been among the first half dozen so honored! For it has long been recognized by the most competent J':cslfies. not merely that Gibbs ranks easily first among American scientists, but that he is in the very first rank of scientific genius. British and German . pundits are apt to class him with New- ton and Leibnitz. His paper on “The Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Sub- stances” was as epoch-making as Fara- ok e onlie. Begetier of physical was the r” chemistry. To it the sent face of the world is very largely beholden, for from physical chemistry derive those special steels and sundry alloys without which where would be our automobile and radio industries, etc, etc.? Yes, it's about time Willard Gibbs found recogni- tion in the Hall of Fame. Gibbs was all his life an obscure pro- fessor at Yale. Perhaps, now that Yale has lost her supremacy in foot ball and rowing, she would be well advised to change her name to Gibbs University, content to base her reputation hence- forth, not on athletic prowess, but on the achievements of her sons in intel- lectual fields. kX NOTE.—A settlement between the Mexican government and the Roman Catholic Church in Mexico is officially announced. In England politicians are | pri By this token the o 3 OF BRITISH GOVERNMENT MANY-HUED Shows Members of From Every Walk of Life. Lansburr the pinkest of the party’s flaming left. g reds, is .a& faithful Anglican and a former church warden. Both are teetotalers. Lord Parmoor has a long career as an eccle- siastical lawyer, was vicar general to the Church of Engiand, as well as attorney general to the Prince of Wales. rd Justice Sankey, the new lord chan- cellor, fought against the disestablish- ment of the Church of Wales and wrote the constitution of the church when disestablishment came. And o W Alexander, who has been placed at the head of the admiralty as a heavy-weight pacifist to hold the admirals down, i a former Baptist lay preacher. A Colorful Lot. If the Conservative government, ex- cept for the mercurial Winston, the re- George | doubtable Jix and Chamberlain’s mon- ocle, was rather drab, there seems to be no dearth of “characters” in the Socialist one. There is, to begin with, Thomas, whose blatantly plebeian out- lines, unconcealed by the inevitable dress suit, are to the cartoonist an in- exhaustible source of mirth. Thomas, who is said to have told an after-ainner audience how the policeman on dtty in. Downing street took him for a plumber instead of his majesty’s home secretary, appears even funnier now, decked out with feudal title of lord vy seal. He is, incidentally, one of the bast after-dinner story tellers in England, and_at his best when the laugh is on himself. The expensive cigar is as much of a trade mark with him as the homely pipe is with Bald- win, He doesn't mind being taken for a nlutocrat or even a parvenu. Clynes is_the opposite type of self- made man—the class confclous tvpe. ‘This little man. white haired and white mustached, bristles with importance and with zeal for his own kind. He was one of seven children of an Irish laborer in the Oldham slums, and the outstanding memory of his youth is how he spent six cents a week on can- dles learning words out of the dic- nary. He organized the Lancashire Gas Workers’ Union and is still president of the National Union of Municipal Work- ers. He is fond of uttering weighty epigrams like “Life is higher than con- stitutions and constitutions must be to p, has earned him the undying gratitude of the party. Not a Conjurer. Tom Shaw. the new secretary for , but he has an international outlook and is a favorite in the House. ‘When he ‘'was Labor minister in the last ., and aw- yer and 'a judge all his life. He never bothered about politics and spends his spare time tramping over the Dunwhm, of which he mow: but always on time. national prominence as of the national coal commission of 1919 aem.i'"‘ 3 minority eport sighed only b7 mi y report s himself. It advocated the mumn- tion of the mines. A Leader of the Bar. In violent contrast to him is that other recruit to socialism, W. A. Jowitt, the new attorney general. At 44 Jowitt is not only ths acknowledged leader of the English bar, but it's handsomest ornament. He is one of those creatures on whom the gods shower all their ‘“’}‘.fie beauty, wisdom and wealth. as the crown’s chief advocate is-a very popular move. Incidentally, he will the Tory debaters in the House their money’s worth. ‘The oldest member of the new gov- ernment is Sidney Webb. one of the ploneers of English socialism and the party’s great theorist. He and his wife, Beatrice Webb, the “ideal couple” of politics, who already figured promi- nently in H. G. Wells’ novel, “The New Machiavelli,” personify the in tual side of England’s radical movements during the last 50 years. They are 5o inseparable that somebody sug- gested that Webb's title, when raised to the peerage (as he will be), should be Lord Sidney of Beatrice. The seat, at any rate, be occupled ' by “the ‘Webbs.” A Couple of Bloods. ‘The two “swells” of the government who carry their past most lightly—al- ‘most flippantly—are Lord Thomson Sir Oswald Mosley, husband of Lady Cynthia and one of the richest men in the House. Lord Thomson was a brig- adier general, and his father was a prominent soldier before him. Heé comes of died-in-the-wool Tory stock and finds zest in living it down. He smiles—or winks—whenever he is ad- dressed as “my lord” and takes par- ticular pleasure in telling about the snobs who simply won't un that “I'm no blooming, bloody Oswald Mosley, who once said he wouldn’t use his title when he got it, is now always ostentatiously referred to as “Sir Oswald Mosley, Bart.” With his 32 years, his slender figure and fetching little mustache, he is sure to be one of the brightest ornaments of the front bench, and in the ornamental office of Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster he is not likely to have to stand much cross-fire from the Tory questioners. Not that he couldn't. - He and Lady Cynthia will be the cleverest as well as the handsomest couple in Parliament. The first and only woman in the cabi- net, Miss Margaret Bondfield, a kindly, motherly looking woman of 56, is sure to come in for a lot of this criticism and questioning, and it will be difficuit for cartoonists to resist the jibes that the un recedu:ua ”“Kf ofa privy councilor suggests. Already they are busy a female llndorm ‘which will be in line with the traditional Britain as labor delegate to the vnlta States, France and Russia. Of all the at the Labor ministry she knows wl Jabor is. A simple, shy, homely, busi- nessiike woman, she gives no the fact that the eyes of ail the femi- nists of the world are upon her, the first woman cabinet ministér of a great power A