Evening Star Newspaper, May 26, 1929, Page 67

PROBE SHORT-WAVE | - “SKIP DISTANCE" So-Called Kennelly-Heaviside Layer Blamed for Phenomena. SOUTH DARTMOUTH, Mass. (A)— ‘The mysteries of “skip distance” in short-wave radio transmission are be- ing Investigated by rescarch workers at the Massachusetts Institute of Tech- ;u};)gy field station WiXV, at Round i1 From the experiments some data have been compiled as to the cause of the troubles which short-wave opera- tors have experienced in communicat- ing with other stations comparatively close at hand, while at the same time they have had no difficulty in speeking to other stations much farther away. It is hoped through co-operation among stations scattered throughout the ‘world to work out a solution. At WIXV the “skip distance” effect is shown in the fact that while trans- mitting on 40 meters at night it is impossible to communicate with Bos- ton or New York, although Chicago, San Francisco and even Austrailia can be picked up with ease. Blame Kennelly-Heaviside The so-called Kennelly-Heaviside layer is blamed for the phenomena. ‘This layer, which is possibly 25 to 50 miles above the earth and from 30 to 100 miles thick, is ionized to va- rious degrees, depending upon condi- tions, and has the property of refract- ing & radio ray. The angle at which a ray from one station hits the layer is believed to determine the point at which it is reflected back to the earth. If a series of rays is sent out from the local station the range varies with the sharpness of the angle. For in- stance, a ray, “A” leaving the trans- mitting antenna in a horizontal direc- tion, tangent to the earth's surface, travels in a straight line until it enters the -lower edge of the refracting layer. It then is slowly bent and turned back to the earth, possibly at San Francisco. From increasing angles of trans- than his mail, for it registers with the precision of a barom- eter the taste and temper of his public. Many of the letters I re- ceive, chiefly as a result of these articles, contain questions. Since some of them may be of general interest, it occurred to me to publish them, an- swered to the best of my ability. My first_attempt appears today. When I read in the papers again the other day about radio chess games I began to check up on sports, indoor and outdoor, which have been broad- cast. It seems that golf and yachting are about the only important pastimes to which radio has not turned its atten- tion. I have been asked several times why golf has never been broadcast. The answer is obvious, and I am confirmed in this by golfing authorities. Golfers wouldn't like radio announcers littering up the course and perhaps standing near the tee and describing the stance and the stroke. Any one who has been indiscreet enough to speak above a whisper just at the eritical moment of his friend’s drive knows all about this. Wigwag System Possible. Mechanically, $he broadcasting of golf would be by no means impossible, and I have heard recent discussions which lead me to believe that it may yet be done. As shown in covering aviation meets, considerable mobility is now pos- sible with microphones placed on trucks, and I am sure it would be quite easy to devise a means .of announcing golf matches without interfering with the players. As a matter of fact, it would be easily possible for a person following in the gallery to wigwag descriptions of shots to a person placed next to a microphone on some elevation in view from the course. This would not in- volve a complicated signal code; in fact, any Signal Corps man, with one of his mates on the receiving end, could do it easily. I have often thought I should like to broadcast an important golf match. Golf has a- world of color and picturesque detail. Naturally, since it is one of the most conservative of sports, it is one of the last to look toward broadcasting. However, I believe that it will eventually be done. OTHING is more interesting in the life of a radio broadcaster mission the range is decreased, so that ray “B” may return to earth at Den- ver, ray “C” at Chicago and “D” at Buffalo. The range decreases rapidly at first as the angle is increased and then more slowly until the minimum is reached. Higher Angles Increase Range If higher angles of transmission are considered, the range increases as these rays travel a great distance before they are curved sufficlently to return to earth and at high _angles may travel around the earth. For angles near the wvertical, rays are bent little and pass through the layer and into space. Conditions in the refracting layer may affect the return of the rays to the . The height, thickness, joni- zation density and other characteristics are believed to vary and as they change the point at which the ray strikes the earth moves. Thus a station may sud- denly lose communication with another as the ray shifts and by a change in the wave of the transmitter, with a resulting change in the angle of the ray, bring back the lost station. POLITICAL FEATURE TERMINATES JUNE 4 But “Voters’ Service” Broadcast Probably Will Be Resumed Early in Winter, ... ‘The second series of the “voters ser- vice,” a weekly pclitical educational feature broadcast under the auspices of the National of Women Vot- ers, will terminate June 4. The service robably will be resumed in the early league leaders of the value of non-par- tisan presentation of important issues to the radio listeners, says Miss Kathe- rine Ludington, radio--e) o With the exception of two months, program “to present all sides, to promoteé mone™ has been on the air every Tuesday since January, 1928 ‘There have been 63 programs and 147 speakers, v “The exper#ment indicated two things,” said- Miss Ludington, “first, that technique of presentation, program making and accompanying educational methods are in their infancy and re- quire the most intelligent thought and inquiry; second, that the scientific de- ‘velopment of education by radio s con- ditional on a far more accurate knowl- edge of the radio audience itself, :ts needs, habits, preferences and make- up.” GERMANS LEAD IN BRAZIL Three Southern States Are Domi- nated by Teutons. RIO DE JANEIRO (#).—The observ- ance of Curytiba in the state of Parana late in April of the centenary of Ger- man landing there called attention again to the part that Teutons have played in Brazilian development. The three states where German influence have Pen most felt are Parana, Santa Cath#a and Rio Grande do Sul, ‘where out of a population of 4,600,000 30 per cent are of German origin. German is taught in the schools and spoken on the streets of many towns. The German immigrant-farmer early bullt roads, and one-fourth of the en- tire roads and highways of Brazil are in the three southern states with mark- ed German populations. So strong is German influence in those states that men called to the colors in Rio during the World War could not understand Portuguese. ONE TERM TO PRESIDENT.| BEIRUT, Syria (#).—The term of the g;@sld?nl of the Republic of Lebanon s been fixed at six years and the incumbent will not be re-eligible under @ recent revision of the constitution. The right to dissolve the legislature, provided & majority of the council of ministers favors the measure, was also added to the prerogatives of the presi- dent. Modern Turks Ask That Old Music Be Replaced by Jazz ANGORA, Turkey P).—The effect of radio on Turkey's repu- tation is getting much space in the newspapers here. Modern Turks are demanding that Turk- ish music, which forms the major part_of the Turkish redio com- pany’s programs, be replaced with jazz and European music. The plaintive, primitive native girs are all right, it is argued, when kept at home. But it is contended that a foreign listener, tuning in on Stamboul or An- gora and hearing nothing but weird sobbing sounds, gets & wrong impression. The ghazi himself has repeat- == EMIGRATION TIDE Races Are “Top Hole.” Last week I was at the Derby at Louisville, at beautiful Churchill Downs, on the banks of the Ohio. Here we are now at Indianapolis for the automobile races. For broadcasting purposes they are top-hole affairs, both of widespread national interest, but of vastly different appeal. I get two entirely different thrills out of these events, and it is hard to tell which makes my blood. beat faster. The great horse-racing classic is, of course, richer in associations. T remember when I was a boy and saw the old melodrama “The Sporting Duchess,” or something like that, there was an ecstasy never found again when the brown mare, Daisy, won the race in the third act and thwarted the rich money-lender and lifted the mortgage off the family estates. To the average American this boyish elation lurks in the background of horse racing. On the way to the stands I find my- self fairl» pop-eyed with excitement over little odds and ends which it is impossible to crowd into a microphone with a heavy traffic of more important details. Here is an old railbird named Jake Pemberton. You could take any horse you please, blanket him from his hoofs to his ears and lead him out in a fog in dim, early morning light, and let Jake watch him take about four paces, and Jake will tell you everything there is to be known about him. Here are clockers and fouts—you will find the same crews always at Louisville, Bowie, New Orleans, Tia Juana or Havre de Grace—who carry more minute sta- tistics in their heads than the president of the European Reparations Commis- e e i Of course, this rush and roar of rac- ing automobiles is about the most breathtaking spectacle which our ma- fifi inhaling and chine age has ever staged, and I find plenty of excitement in these great meets. It seems to me that the main difference between this and horse rac- ing is that this is an overwhelming spectacle of the moment, while horse racing touches off a long chain of mem- ories and_associations, rooted in senti- ment and grounded perhaps in early experiences and desires. The two forms of sport represent widely separated fields of American interest. I love them both, and am happy to see them both prospering. Adolph Weissman, 232 Keap street, Brooklyn, writes me, raising some ques- tions as to how candidates for office can make the best use of the radio. “Do you regard it as more beneficial for the candidate to make personal speeches to the country and let his su porters use the radio?” asks Mr. Wel man; “or should he use the radio him self, and thus reach the ‘unseen audi- ence'?” I have met persons who insisted that both President Hoover and ex-Gov. Smith made a mistake by personal broadcasting during the presidential campaign, but these objectors are rare, The overwhelming verdict seemed to be that the last campaign marked the beginning of a new epoch, with the two leading candidates campaigning by ra- dio, and that this custom has come to stay. Holds Same View. This also is my personal view. Nat- urally the leading candidate can obtain a much larger radio audience and much greater interest than any of his sup- porters or subordinate candidates, It seems to me that the possibility of millions of persons—in fact, virtually the entire electorate—being able to hear presidential candidates on the radio is one of the most important political events of the last century, particularly in its bearing on political -education. Educators have told me they believe the radio campaign of last Fall was of tremendous educational value. Many persons are of auditory rather than vis- ual memory, and their attention and interest is caught through the air. Cer- tainly, as reflected in the vote and in public discussion generally, there was some kind of subsoiling of the national mind going on last year. I believe that this was due to radio, and that it would not have been half so effective had not the two leading candidates engaged in ‘what really amounted to a radio debate. I McNamee's Question Box. | Graham McNamee receives a great deal of mail, but each week he will publish the answers to those questions holding t greatest amount of general interest. questions _should be accompanied stamped, gelf-addressed en: dressed o Graham McNamee, nue, New York City, or in care of this news. paper. Please make your questions brief. F. J. S—The first radio broadcasting of a prize fight was by Maj. J, Andrew White at Boyles Thirty Acres in July, 1921, at the Dempsey-Carpentier fight. —Yes, radio broadcasters are prompted, using the “short particularly at foot ball games. An associate is stationed 4 or 5 feet away, telephoning to the broad- caster, speaking softly so his voice will not be caught by the microphone. E. C. D—You are both wrong. Neither the Democratic convention in 1920 nor 1924 was the first to be broad- cast. The first was the Republican convention at Cleveland in the Sum- mer of 1924. L. R—A “sponsored” program is one which is put on by an advertising con- uu];x;. s‘t‘ (;'isu.stsmmg" program is a reg- udlo program offered by the broadcasting company. 4 B. C.—In singing you should expand the diaphragm when inhaling and md the diaphragm steady during a whole e, and e diaphragm ually expand it. E. R. P—Reinald Werrenrath is an lA:!x;Hcln. and was born in Brooklyn in : (Copyright, 1929.) INVOLVES BRAZIL Trend Changes From U. S., FRATERNITIE! | (Continued From Twentieth Page.) son, guard captain; M. V. Hedgepeth, guard lieutenant; Stanley Selby, junior deputy. E.J. Newcomb was appointed deputy supreme minister of records. Masters Perry Morton and John Mur- phy were appointed a committee to With South America Now Holding Lure. By the Associated Press. RIO DE JANEIRO, May 25.—The tide of emigration which for decades flowed westward across the Atlantic to New York and other American ports has definitely set in a southwesterly di- rection. European steamship companies are operating larger 2ad faster steamers to South America than were the pre-war emigrant carriers of the North Atlantic, with much better accommodations. Under these conditions, Brazilians be- lieve that their country is on the verge of a great increase in population, with consequent agricultural development. Brazil Offers Lure. Brazilian officlals argue that by its climate, its nearness to European mar- kets and its vast undeveloped resources Brazil today offers to the immigrant the E:flmwe offered by the United States 1f a century ago, During the century 1820 to 1920 there were 3,648,382 immi- grants received in Brazil, of whom Ital- ians numbered 1,388,881, Portuguese 1,- 055,154, Spaniards 510,514 and Germans 131,441. Since 1900 the largest immi- gration year was 1913, when 192,683 newcomers entered Brazil. The southern states, especially Sao Paulo, Minas Geraes, Parana, Santa Catharina and Rio Grande do Sul, offer to the European climatic conditions similar to his own country. ‘The federal government does not as- sist immigration at present, but there is an Ellis Island in the harbor of Rio—Ilha das Flores—where the new- comer is held until his final destination is decided. Men of able bodies and with set de- sires to become successful farmers are especially desired by Brazil. The im- migrants of this type are welcome whether they be 16 or 60 years of age. Homesteads Are Made Available. They will find inducements offered by the states of Rio Grande do Sul and Sao Paulo for settlement on unoccupied ag- ricultural lands in those sections. Both state governments have sct aside large tracts for homesteading. The price per acre s low and the states are willing to sell on long-term payments. Another factor in the general move- ment is the chsence of a literacy test. Brazil is less concerned with the fact that immigrants may not be able to read or write than with the fact that their muscles are well developed, that they are free from disabling or conta- glous disease and that they have the will to work. ‘This willingness to receive unedu- cated persons has, however, no applica- tion to Portuguese, the second most nu- merous nationality among newcomers. The government of Portugal itself is re- sponsible for this state of affairs, it having recently decreed that no illit- erates may leave the home shores. edly urged his people to re- nounce “uncivilized” music of the old days. Northern Ireland now has nearly 40,- 000 unemployed. arrange for an entertainment to flke'? S‘ltu}:‘;‘y evening. 5 b e meeting of Syracusians Lodge the knight rank was yoronferred. the degree team being in charge of Past Grand Chancelior George Heisley. Calanthe Lodge will meet tomorrow evening, Webster and Capitol Lodges, Tuesday evening; Mount Vernon Lodge, ‘Wednesday evening; Syracusians Lodge, Friday evening, and the ways and means committee, Saturday evening. Edward Dunn Palace, Princes of Syra- cuse, will meet in the temple every Saturday evening at 8 o'clock. The board of directors of the Knights of Pythias Hall Association will meet June 10. The grand chancellor, accompanied by the other officers of the Grand Lodge, paid a fraternal visit to Amaranthe Lodge last Monday evening. Friendship Temple, Pythian Sisters, met May 15, Mrs. C. Banks, most ex- cellent chief, presiding. Mrs. Helen Murphy, Mrs. Grayce Martin and Mrs. Anna Parsons were initiated. A Moth- er's day program was rendered by Mrs, Del Sale, Prof. Suthard and members of the temple. The next meeting of the drill staff will be held at the home of Mrs. G. Wilson, 1121 E street north- east, June 4. Friendship Temple meets every Wednesday evening at Pythian ‘Temple. Rathbone Temple, Pythian Sisters, held its thirty-eighth birthday party May 17, also the grand chief, Mrs. Dannehell, and her~ associate officers paid her official visit and Grand Chan- cellor Woody and his associate officers paid a fraternal visit. A rainbow sketch was given by Mrs. Hooper, Mrs. Baum, Mrs. Marks, Mrs. Etting, Mrs, Kraemer, Mrs. Simmons, Mrs. Trunnell, Mrs. Kirby, Mrs. Motyka, and Miss Marks. Gifis were presented as follows: silver steak set for the grand chief and gob- lets and sherbets for the grand chan- cellor, Mrs. Motyka, Mrs. Marks and I'Ml’s. Hooper also received gifts. Songs were sung in behalf of the grand chief and grand chancellor. Little Doris Kirby recited a poem. Prof. Southard rendered a piano selection. Mrs. Sim- mons, Mrs. Trunnell, Mrs. Berg and Miss Marks sang a welcome song. Most excellent chief of Friendship Temple, Mrs. Banks, presented the most excel- lent chief of Rathbone Temple, Mrs. Berg, a birthday present for the temple, Mrs. Berg presented Mrs. Marks and Miss Marks gold pieces as gifts of ap- preciation. Many out-of-town members were present, ‘The Mother's day celebration was held May 10. Thornton _repre- Mrs. Hooper re- d “Mother,” and Mrs. Laura Trunnell sang. Mrs. Schip- pel was initiated into the order. SR SR Music in the Ant Hill. Perhaps it requires a stretch of the imagination to picture an ant playing the violin. Yet certain varieties of the tiny creatures come close to doing that very thing. Nor do they have to manu- facture the music-producing instru- ment. Nature has provided them with a finely-cdged lute fastened to the abdomen and a plectrum, or sounding board, so conveniently placed that by rasping the surface the ants can pro- duce exceedingly delicate and high~ pitched musical notes. A SIGN OF QUALITY#VALUE to thousands of satisfied USED CAR BUYERS Jor Econemical Transportation, Here are a few examples to be found in today’s classified col- umns advertised “with an OK that Counts’’ by the dealers listed CHEVROLET COUPE, $325. Car in perfect condition. ~ Will accept terms or trade on smaller ca WITH AN OK THAT UNTS below. 1927 CHEVROLET TOURING. Ex- cellent condition throughout; just the car for Spring; $240. WITH AN OK THAT COUNTS CHEVROLET SEDAN, 1927. Very good condition throughout, Terms or trade, / THAT COUNTS COACH, 1928. Looks runs like new. Good tires. Terms or trade. WITH AN OK THAT COUNTS FORD TUDOR, 1926 Very good condition throughout and priced right. Terms or trade. WITH AN OK THAT COUNTS _ CHEVROLET ROADSTER, 1927. In_excellent condition throughout. 275 WITH AN OK THAT COUNTS HAUPMOBILE SEDAN, 1925, _$450. In very good condition throughout. W ITH AN OK THAT COUNTS STUDEBAKER COACH, 1925. $375. In excellent condition. WITH AN OK THAT COUNTS CHEVROLET COACH, 1927. $335. Tires, paint and motor in good con- dition. WITH AN OK THAT COUNTS _ CHEVROLET COUPE, 1928. Good condition. Good rubber, $395. _WITH AN OK THAT COUNTS CHEVROLET COUPES, two 1927's, both in A-1 condition. Only $300 each. Terms. WITH AN OK THAT COUNTS CHEVROLET 1927 IMPERIAL LANDAU... A-1 condition. . .Good rubber, $375. Terms. WITH AN OK THAT COUNTS ESSEX COACH, 1926. Only $150 and well worth the money. WITH AN OK THAT COUNTS DODGE ROADSTER, snappy job. Only $115. _WITH AN OK THAT COUNTS CHEVROLET COACH, 1928. Looks like new, $425. WITH AN OK THAT COUNTS FORD 1927 COUPE. W, cels, new tires and in excellent mechanical condition. WIiTH AN OK THAT COUNTS CHEVROL 1928 COA Excel- lent .condition, fully equipped. A bargain at $445. - WITH AN OK THAT COUNTS _ CHEVROLET ROADSTER, 1928 This car is equal to new, including tires and finish. A ride will convince you. WITH AN OK THAT COUNTS 1928 CHEVROLET ROADSTER. In excellent condition in every detail; see it today. $385. WITH AN OK THAT COUNTS H-B CHEVROLET SALES, Inc. 1209 Wisconsin Ave. N.\W. WOLFE MOTOR Silver Spring, Md. 610 H St. N.E. 13th St. and Good Hope Rd. S.E. 1828 CHEVROLET COUPE (Late). One of the few being offered in simi- lar condition; has bumpers, spare tire and other extras. Priced special at $460, and guaranteed. WITH AN OK THAT CQUNTS FORD TUDOR, 1927. Beautiful dark blue Duco_finish. - Wire wheels, lock wheel and many other extras. 5 balloon tires. WITH AN OK THAT COUNTS CHEVROLET COUPE, 19%6. New Duco_finish. 5 balloon tires, shock absorbers, and other extras. Me- chanically A-1. A real bargain. WITH AN OK THAT COUNTS CHEVROLET COUPE, 1928. A very late one, driven by a careful owner, finish and tires like new. We vin- vite your inspection. WITH AN OK THAT COUNTS CHEVROLET LANDAU SEDA! 1926. Fully equipped. Motor in p fect condition. Our price only $285. Liberal terms arranged. WITH AN OK THAT COUNTS CHEVROLET LANDAU SEDAN, 1926. Motor completely overhauled in our shop; paint, tires and up- holstery far above average; $260. Liberal terms arranged. WITH AN OK THAT COUNTS CHEVROLET TOURING, 1925. In dandy mechanical condition; refin- ished in new Duco; $125. Terms ar-, ranged. WITH AN OK THAT COUNTS CHEVROLET TOURING, 1927. In wonderful condition. Two nearly, new tires; full equipment; $250. Lib- eral terms. WITH AN OK THAT COUNTS 1928 CHEVROLET CABRIOLET. Convertible top, rumble seat, fully equipped, including Balcrank bump- ers, looks like new and mechanically perfect. Priced right. WITH AN OK THAT COUNTS 1928 CHEVROLET IMPERIAL SE- DAN. Latest color, fully equipped; Balcrank bumpers, this car is equal to new and priced for immediate sale. WITH AN OK THAT COUNTS 1928 CHEVROLET (red) CABRIO- LET. Convertible top, rumble seat and numerous extras. Original paint and tires like new. See this one today. WITH AN OK THAT COUNTS 1927 CHEVROLET COACH. Paint, tires and mechanical condition OK. Slip covers and other extras. Low price. WITH AN OK THAT COUNTS CO. Anacostia, D. C. BARRY-PATE MOTOR CO. 1218 Connecticut Ave. 2525 Sherman Ave. CAMP SPRINGS GARAGE Camp Springs, Md. ' OWENS MOTOR CO. 6323 Georgia Ave. OURISMAN CHEVROLET SALES cO. R.L.TAYLOR MOTOR CO. 14th and T Sts. NN\W. BETHESDA MOTOR CO. Bethesda, Md. COALE SANSBURY CHEVROLET SALES Upper Marlbo}‘o, Md. This Red Tag “With an OK that Counts” is Your Assurance of Honest Used Car Values You can have perfect confidence in your pur~ chase of a used car that has attached to its radiator cap the Chevrolet red “O. K. that Counts’’ tag. This tag, used exclusively by Chevrolet deal- ers, is attached only to those cars that have been thoroughly reconditioned and checked “0.K.” by expert Chevrolet mechanics. To thousands of satisfied used car buyers this tag has proved a sign of outstanding quality and value. We now have on hand a wide selection of these fine “O. K.”’ used cars. They are priced for quick sale—with small down payments and exceptionally easy terms. Come in and make your selection today—while our stocks are complete. MONTGOMERY COUNTY MOTOR CO., Inc. Rockville, Md. BOYER MOTOR SALES Capitol Heights, Md. AERO AUTO CLUB 1101 King St., Alexandria, Va. Wilson Blvd. and Holly St. Clarendon, Va. LUSTINE-NICHOLSON MOTOR CO. Hyattsville, Md. wfith an OK that counts”