Evening Star Newspaper, May 12, 1929, Page 95

THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C, MAY 12, 1929—PART (0 5 Fredericksburg of Heroic Past Is Theme of Pictorial Exhibi® wi's Heritage Is Subject of First Comprehensive Art Photographic Study Ever Made of an American Community—Famous Homes Are Conspicuous in Carryir- BY CHESTER B. GOOLRICK. REDERICKSBURG, Va, was early 100 y d when George ashingto i in its tree- lined stree tle boy. Much of its c heritage from the p served, but, har; e deal of this is frretreivabl gone, No record of all of this exists, and the records which are mis: as truly a thing of the past which can- not be s the smoke from which burned re of Columbus, ! what remains of e of the days gone rved through the generosity of one of its Tesidents in what is believed to be the first compre- hensive art photographic study ever made of an American community. These photographs of Fredericksburg are now on exhibit in the assembly room of the old Town Hall, and consti- tute the most remarkable collection of photographs of a community ever ex- hibited at one time. They are 10 by 14 enlargements of * originals, and later will be presented to the Wallace Li- brary, one of the two public institutions of this kind of which the town boasts. The original negatives will be available for copying. It is to Mrs. Daniel B. Devore of Chatham, one of the loveliest old | places in Fredericksburg, that the com- | munity is indebted for this carrying-out | of her dream. Chatham itself was | bullt in 1728 from plans, according to | tradition, which were brought from | England. The rose garden here was especially famous. The site of the gar- den was terraced to the river, and it is | supposed to have been_sssociated with the courtship of Gen. Lec through the fact that under the shade of an old elm tree overlooking the Rappahannock Mary Custis promised to be his wife. ‘There is an old story that Lee refused to allow his troops to fire on Chatham while it was occupied by Union troops. So through love for the place of so many happy memories it was saved. Lincoln stayed at Chatham when he reviewed the troops, and many coun- cils of war were held in its paneled rooms. From the time of Madison and Monroe nearly all the Presidents have been entertained here, and through the | loving care of its present owner, Mrs. Devore, its youth has been renewed. In the old Town Hall, where Lafay- ette once was received with great pomp | and ceremony, there are 200 or more prints adorning the walls. They show | those portions of the town which had their being prior to 1830. From an architectural point of view also it is| most interesting, as it includes the pho- | tographs of the historic mansions of | the olden days, as well as the old and rickety shacks that housed the less for- turate ones of the community. * N this exhibit are mpses of Ken- more, the home of Betty Lewis, only sister of George Washingtcn, the place | which was rescued a few years ago by Yhe ladies of Fredericksburg and is now being restored to its pre-Revolutionary | heauty by them. It was at Kenmore that Gen. Wash- #gion, attended by the elegant Mar- | guis de Lafayette, the French generals es well ered to ton’s * as his American officers, gath- | receive the people of Washing- | at the conclusion of | War. There is also, | to this lovely place, a pic-| brick abode of “Gov.” man | name of John Paul Jones ¢ adventurous side of | for is there a more | Out of Dream in Which Tradition Is Made Vivid—Chatham Has Great Charm and Associations With Leaders. The law office of James Monroe. |in this exhibit, with an nteresting view | of the shaky back stairs which he must | have climbed many times while living here. | "His brother, Willlam Paul, kept a gro- [ cery store in 'the front of the housc in {which they lived. He assumed the ©-|name of Jones, calling himself John and was appointed first |lieutenant in the American Navy in and 1775, Later Benjamin Franklin advised | | the Prench government to prepare a fleet of seven vessels, and suggested that the command of this fleet be given to John Paul Jones. The order was carried out, and when Jones was put in | command he named his own ship the Bonhomme _ Rich: for Benjamin | Franklin. It was while in command |of this ship that he won the greatest | naval engagement in history, which re- | sulted in the surrender to him of the | Serapis. _Several days later the Bon- | homme Richard -sank, and his record |from then on to his death is very | colorful. |in Paris in 1792. The house in which [he lived is marked, or was the last| |time the writer saw it, with a small | painted tin sign. | ._One print shows the long, low build- |ing where, before Washington's time, | “Sukey” Livingston kept a coffee housc end entertained many notables, among | them Col. Byrd of Rickmond when he | |came to call on Col. Willis, “top. man of the town.” According to local tra- dition, over the door there hung a sign which read: *“Walk in, gentlemen, sit at your ease; pay for what you call for, and call for what you please.” Col. Byrd’s diaries speak very highly of Mistress Livingston as tavern keeper and “doctress,” and states that she “has other professions.” The Doggett house has interesting doorways, cclumned porches, and quar- ters in the yard, as well as an unusual interjor, showing scenic wallpaper more than 150 years old, a beautifully carved mantel, wide floor boards and lovely paneling. * ¥ K ¥ CLOEE by these pictures is one of the old ferry landing used by George Washington on his daily jour- ney to Fredericksburg to attend school, with a distant view across the muddy Rappahannock of the farm where the first President lived as a boy and which was commonly called Ferry Farm. It was to Ferry Farm that the Washing- tons moved when Wakefleld was burned in 1735, and it was here, if anywhere, that George Washington cut down the cherry tree, broke the neck of his mother’s favorite colt, and tossed the Spanish dollar from shore to shore. George Washington was 11 years cld when Augustine Washington died, and it was at this age that he assumed the responsibility of having grace and family prayers in his home. The Washingtons lived at Ferry Farm until after the battle of Bunker Hill, when George Washington nersuaded his mother to move to Fredericksburg and live in a small house which he had bought, as he had to leave to take com- mand of the troops. This house still stands in Prederick-burg, and flowers seid to have been planted by Mary Washington still bloom in its garden. It was between this house and Ken- more that Washington on one of his visits to his mother planted 13 horse chestnut trees along the walk. It was to this house of Mary Washington in Fredericksburg that Gen. Washington went after the surrender of Yorktown, when he was on his way to Philadel- phia with his staff of French and American officers. It was to this house in 1784 that Lafayette came for the purpose of paying his respects to Wash- ingion’s mother, He came unan- er in naval history nounced through a side gate and found He was an officer in the| | Prench navy and later became a rear | | admiral in the Russian navy. He died | A rear view of the house where John Paul Jones lived when he was a tailor’s apprentice in Fredericksburg. His brother, William Paul, was the proprietor of a grocery store in’the front of the building. The Doggett House, one of the old homes of Fredericksburg, standing on the property once owned by Gen. Hugh Mercer, who was an Rear iew of the town hall and a small sec- tion of the market space. Fredericks- burg children once gathered here to greet Gen. Washington. Rising Sun Tavern, where Washington, Jefferson, the Lees, Patrick Henry, young James Monroe and other notables gathered. e Sukey Livingston’s Coffee House. Mrs. Ebbet’s cottage and short section of the stone wall at Sunken road. Near this spot Dick Kirtland, Confederate soldier, crawled over the wall and gave water to dying Union fighters. . in this story, but not least, Mrs. Eb- betts’ cottage and a short section of the stone wall at the Sunken road, close to the spot where Dick Kirkland, young Confederate soldier, crawled over the | firing stopped in that section and late: fence in the face of deadly fire to give | placed a tablet to his memory on the water to the dying soldiers of the en-|walls of the Church of the Prince of emy. The enemy saw him and had|Peace at Gettysburg. intimate friend of Washington, of a Scotch gardener | Mrs. Washington raking leaves in her me to America in| e in Frederiscks- | ticed to a| house in | time is pictured 1773 and burg. tailor which h garden. She dropped the rake, took beth of his hands in hers, and he nat- urally bowed low. Later in speaking of her he said: “I have seen the only ‘To this houte also came George | Washington to see his mother after receiving notice of his election to the Roman mother living today.” presidency of the United States. Real- BY JOUN C. APPLEGATE. | RESIDENT MACHADO of Cuba as- | imes, on , the executive r term. His | in pover §s largely due to | the fulfillment of his nationalistic pol- dcy, which he hed with the | full co oport of his | people ge part of his political | program the execution of the vari- | ous_improven in his first | hich are the | ellishment of of industrial | the enlarge- upply s which tend island re- | n every evidence to | is deep and warm to the form but to of the constitution. . who had government of the inte was able to learn the s the office of L that office him- self, he has endeavored to avoid past errors. The Preside able personality comes from an old the Province of himself, w of colonel in the Ten Years' War while his son i is a man of remark- y and magnetism. He amily His father, - | of extracrdinary physique and is able He always finds | morey Eufié’s President Starts In reading his biography, one feels | the strange power of this foremost ~ ~tin | American statesman and ruler of men. He is well known to every one as a soldier and businers man. Santa Clara, his native province, was perhaps one of the most conspicuous and active revolu- tionary centers. Therefore, sinte his childhood he has had constant thoughts of a free Cuba. He was born in 1871, 50 he was but 23 years of age when he joined the forces of Juan Bruno Zayas. In the battle of Vega Alta he was cited | for extraordinary valor. In the battle | of Oliver he was seriously wounded while serving as captain on the stafl of Gen. Manuel Suarez. This won for him the promotion to colonel, but al- most cost his life. Peace secured, he diverted his energies and activities to | the development of several enterprises of importance, such as the electric light and refrigerating plants and sugar | plantations, Soon after, he was elected mayor of his native town. During Gen. | Wood's provisional regime he was se- |lected to reorganize the rural guard, which he accomplished so successfully | that later he became inspector general | of the Cuban Army. | President Machado 1s as optimistic of the future of his country as he was in | the revolutionary days when independ- ence was attained. He is an advocate of liberty; freedom to him is synonymous with economic _independence. Po- I'tically, he is what Americans call a full-fledged progressive. He is a man New Term time to solve personally whatever prob- lem may be brought to his attention. President Machado has a deep respect for the constitution and true regard for law and order. Among his ablest col- laborators is the present secretary of state, Dr. Rafael Martinez Ortiz, states- man, publicist and diplomat, who has been' identified with the President for the past 30 or 35 years. Another is the | eminent representative of Cuba in the United States, Ambassador Dr. Orestes Ferrara, able lawyer, scholar and statesman, e EN Salt Production. THE expression “cheap as salt” seems to be founded upon a real condi- tion, figures on salt production in the United States, just announced by the Department of Commerce, indicate. The reports for production during | " 1928, drawn up by the Bureau of Mines in co-operation with the Geologlcal Surveys of Kansas, Michigan, New | York, Oklahoma, Texas and Virginia, | shows a total of 047,700 short tons yielded by the salt refineries of the country and the total value is set at only $26772,568. This, of course, is only slightly in excess of $3 & ton. The by-products of bromine and the calcium chloride salt helped to swell the income of the producers, however. Bromin: at zbout three and a half pounds to the dollar nctted $649,475, while calcium chloride, at about $20 to work incessantly. to the ton, brought in nearly $2,000,009 izing that it was necessary for him to go to New York, he galloped from Mount Vernon to spend an hour or two with her, and it was the last time he rambling brick building he practiced law, and to his descendants we are in- debted for its restoration. With its old garden in the rear filled with flowers saw her, as she died about a month|so dear to the hearts of the people of later, and it took a_special post rider {one week to reach New York to give the news to President Washington. The old stone wall surrounding the Masonic Cemetery holds within its ounds the making of many romantic stories, for here sleeps Lewis Littlepage, another adventurer, who from a Vir- ginia farmer boy became the adviser of a king, He is sald to be the only citi- zen of the United States who ever served in the cabinet of a king. For 12 years he was chamberlain and confi- dentiel adviser to the ill-fated Stanis- lous Augustus of Poland. Near his grave is that of Robert Lewis, nephew of George Washington and one of his secretaries during the Revolution and both terms as President. * ok ok K NE of the most interesting build- ings pictured is the law office of President James Monroe, the fifth Pres. ident of the Un long ago, it is one of the most charm- | ing places to visit. It contains many priceless Monroe belongings, as well as other historical things, among them be- ing the desk on which the Monroe doc- trine was written. There are views across lawns of double-chimneyed gables, of the portico of Brompton, on Marye's Heights, which Meagher’s Irish Brigade charged seven time in gallant defeat; of crumbling brick cottages with quaint dormer win=| dows, tottering poyches, doorway de-! tails, short stretches of mellow brick { walls partly covered with ivy, and a rear view from the market space of the Town Hall, with its lovely old arches, now bricked in. It was in this market space that the school children were assembled to greet Gen. Washington, receiving a “pat on | the head” from the general and “each a drink of rum in his honor.” There |are also pictures of old gates, portions of fences and room paneling, and last | CANINE RADIO FAN. 'HIS is the story of the dog which turned radio fan. for by a ranger attached to the Belly River ranger station, in Glacier Na- tional Park. During the long Winter months the ranger spent his evenings listening to the programs bringing his isolated quarters to the dining room or ball- room of some hotel or to the concert hall and opera house. His set, de- pendent upon ear phones for repro- duction, fascinated his dog, and one evening he put the phones on the dog's head. ‘The dog sat enraptured as the strains an orchestra came over the Leaving the phones adjusted, the ranger It is vouchod§sccurcd another pair for himself, All went well until one day the dog, impatient, managed to knock a pair of phones to the floor. Placing her ear near them, she sought to listen, but the set had not been turned on. Ths ranger watched awhile and then turned the switch. Almost immediately the dog jumped back with a snarl and then leaped at the phones and sought to chew them up. Rescuing the phones, the ranger | |iistened to see what had caused the outbreak and, eccording (o him, over | the air was coming a duet by a pair of trained Modern Turkish Capital Boom City IT'S a long time beiween booms at Angora, capital of the Turkish Re- public. In fact, to bz specific, it has been just 1,900 years from the boom of the beginning of the Christian era to the present boom. The first was in 25 AD, and the second got under way in 1925, when the Turkish Republic r\nf founded, with Angora as the cap- tal. Caleb Frank Gates, president of Robert College in Constantinople, the oldest American college in the Near East, in a letter to his board of trustees in New York, declared, “I was astound- ed at the development which has taken place within the past fomr years. The streets are well paved, and the various minisiries of the government are housed in fine buildings. “The Business Bank is putting up an office building of six stories or more tn cost about a million Turkish pounds. There are fine, large school buildings, apartment hotels have been erected and a very fine hotel called ‘the Angora Palace’ has been constructed which will compare favorably with the best hotels of Eurcpe.” Angora, after its period of expansion in the first century, had gradually de- clined so that when Dr. Gates first vis- ited the city, 30 years ago, it was a sleepy, primitive mud village. Tne houses were made of sun-dried bricks and life was much the same as it been for many centuries. “The development of Turkey centers in Angora and it is there that one can feel the pulse beats of the new life in this country,” says Dr. Gates. “Great progress has been made in the build- ing of highways and railroads. The road tax, which formerly was collected in the interior, sent to Constantinople and cften dissipated, is now expended in the provinces where it is collected for the development of local roads, with the result that one can travel widely jin Asia Minor by automobile at the present time. Railroa 0, are being built in various directions as fast as { money can be found to defray the cost “Another feature of the development | of Turkey is what I would call the | ‘reign of law.’ ~ Under the old regime | the governors of provin | fear of the central government and put forth every effort to gain the favor of that government by transmitting funds | to it, but in their dealings with the trary and oppressive. At the present time the governors are required to act according to law, and breaches of the law and acts of oppression are investi- gated and punished. Also there has been a great improvement in the se- curity of the country, so that travel is | safe in all parts. “The Turkish republic is animated by peaceful intentions. Their one desire is to be let alone by other nations in order to work for the development and im- provement of their own country, and they are honestly desirous of settling all problems which might threaten their amicable relations with other peoples. No one can review impartially the de- velopment which Turkey has made within the last 10 years and especially in the last 5 years, without feeling that it is one of the most remarkable events in the last decade.” So Angora is again a metropolis and a center of commerce and Robert Col- lege, founded by a group of Americans in 1863, has contributed to its growth through graduates, who have been trained in engineering, in commerce, as teachers and as scientists. Twenty-five students are now study- ing in the School of Engineering at the expense of the Turkish government that they may be prepared to build railroads, power houses, to instail ern sanitation and other improvement; necessary to the new city and the n s stood in great | people of their province they were arbi- | | republic. An endownment 1s now bein: ra; in the ted States as part ¢ the $15,000, fund for the six Ameri can ¢ e Near East. ¢ e ; 9 . Death by Sunshine. UNSHINE, the great cure-all an iver, is a paradox in one cas at least. Through the medium of th geranium it spells death to insects. Insects which are attracted by th leaves of this beautiful plant feast upo | them and then drop paralyzed and usu | ally die. Where the sun comes in : | indicated by the fact that the deadli | ness of the poison depends upon th | amount of exposure to the sun of th | plant, those of longest exposure bein. | the deadlie: ‘This i fleld in the study of insecticides an‘ | experiments are being pushed to deter mine what the death-dealing agen. may be. Bafialo in Alasles | AN effort to introduce the buffa: into Alaska has been undertake. | by the Department of Agriculture an | first reports indicate that the experi ment has been a success. A total of 2 | animals was shipped from the nations bison range in Monfana and 19 wer | Mberated near McCarty, Alaska. Fou | w held at the reindeer experimer | station of the Biological Survey. Th animals seem to fit themselves int their new surroundings, and_althoug: sufficient hay is on hand to feed ther | if necessary, none was used from las June, when the animals were fire turned loose, until the middle of Feb ruary, when the last report was re- celved. The immigrants scem to fin the food they nceded growing wilc., overy has opened up & nev