Evening Star Newspaper, March 14, 1929, Page 4

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We've never known anything that gives you hetter value! 65 Direct Elevator Service to the Men’s Clothing Dept., Second Floor Exclusively in Washington at Tar Hecar Co. I' Street at Seventh THE ‘E\’EXING TREATY OPENS NEW ERA, DUCE ASSERTS Report Hints Vatican City Will Not Seek Entry in League of Nations. (Continued From culiarities “of this city which can be called the city of souls more than a city of things and men.” ‘There never was any question of in- tervention of foreign powers, he said, adding that it was superfluous to point out that the article of the treaty where- by the Vatican is recognized as neutral makes it inviolable and extraneous to temporal competition among states. “The Vatican is defended not only by its smallness, as it is no proof of valor to attack a small state while it will always be a merit to defend it, but also by the fact the Italian state surrounding the Vatican solemnly proclaims itself a Catholic state in article one of the treaty. Consequences Obvious. “The political, religious, moral and beneficial consequences of the agree- ment are obvious, while its solution by the Fasci egime shows its efficiency and solidity Premier Mussolini then remarked that while the political treaty regulates the the central international organ of the Holy Catholic Church, the concordat regulates the relation between the Ital- ian state and the Italian church. “The first of the two acts was neces- sary,” he said, “to resolve the unhappy misunderstanding arising during the formation of Italian unity from the complexity of circumstances derived perhaps more from the fatality of his- toric events than from ill will of men That misunderstanding has disturbed for more than 70 years the consciencc of Italians, This he territorial extent of the Holy See nd to guarantee the independence nec- ary to the Supreme Pontiff for the reise of his spiritual mission in the world, demanded in accord of particu- ar character and of essentially political nature.” Reviews Political Conditions. The premier then reviewd the po- itical conditions and the philosophy of leaders of about 1870, which gave rise to the Roman question. ‘The rigid principle of separation of church and state, dear to the liberal doctrine of a free church in a free state, the premier said, had to undergo frequent tempering, and exceptions through which a series of faculties were reserved to the state before relations between the church and state could be maintained by the former statesmen. He then described the change in the feeling of the state before the signing of the present accord. “For some time before the historic event of February 11 the sharpness of relations between state and church was somewhat attentuated. Particularly through the merit of Fascism the state had affirmed that its character and that of the state were essentially catholic. “In the schoolrooms and courtrooms the crucifix had returned after having been a long time banished. The civil feast days were made to coincide with those of the church; spiritual assistance was established for the armed forces of the state and the young men’s organi- zations; and ecclesiastical legislation was applied with a spirit, “In_a Catholic State the Catholic Church ought to enjoy the juridicial situation of particular favor if not of privilege in the old sense of the word. . Reaffirms Principle. “Article one of the concordant re- affirms this principle on which no doubt can fall.” o From the concordat, it is evident, the premier said, that the old liberal doc- trine of separation between church and state comes to be abandoned. “We renounce the idea,” he said, “of considering the Catholic Church as a private association under common law with religion, a problem of individual conscience in which the state is not interested and of the state as an or- ganization agnostic in religious matters and indifferent to all religions. “The concordat inaugurates a regime of accord and collaboration, no longer confusion, between the church and state. The collaboration expressed in the concord presupposes a distinetion between two powers, one dominating in the fleld of religious conscience and the other in the civil political fleld, but between the two fields there are rela- tions and continuous interferences so that the necessity of accord and col- laboration of church and state appears manifest. “‘One must not forget that the Italian state, which is the Fascist state, has not abandoned any part of its sovereignty Neither must one fear that the con- cordat revives in Italy the Middle Ages and all the old situations which modern times had and have eliminated.” Says Others Not Touched. Other religions, the premier declared, will not be touched by the accord. kK the concordat the Catholic Church is assured the free exercise of its spiritual power and receives a posi- tion of special prestige in consideration of the fact that the Catholic religion ésa ’;hg official religion of the state,” he “But the full liberty in the exercise of other cults existing in the state and equality of citizens before the law, what- ever religion they profess, is not and could not be touched in the slightest way. We propose to set this fact forth with precise laws guaranteeing in a tangible manner the free exercise of every cult when it is not contrary to public order and the common good, Treaffirming a lack of connection between religion and enjoyment of civil and political right of the knigdom.” “The Italian state will be careful to It is not necessary to have had an Account at this Bank to Borrow Easy to Pay l-‘u’:'oll‘ $10.00 $15.00 $20.00 $25.00 $30.00 $45.00 $1,200 $100.00 $6,000 $500.00 THE MORRIS PLAN BANK Under Supervision U. 8, Treasury 1408 H STREET, N. W. Loans $120 $240 rapport between Italy and the Holy See, | misunderstanding | which was concerned particularly with STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C, THURSDAY, MARCH 14, 1929, oppose in Rome all that can be in con- trast with the character of the Eternal City and Episcopal seat of the Supreme Pontiff, the center of the Catholic work and the mecca of its pilgrims. But this does not signify that Rome ought to remain closed to currents of new ideas and the conquests of modern thought.” The premier remarked that a typical collaboration of church and state is shown in two particularly delicate fields, that is, marriage and public instruc- tion. Marriages celebrated in churches now have the full juridical effect of mu:rrlnges celebrated by the civil rite only. It might be said, he said, that sub- stantially two systems of marriage re- main for Catholics, although religious marriage has the same effect as if the rite were celebrated before the civil au- thorities. ‘This is homage rendered marriage as a sacrament in the eyes of the church. The admission of two marriages will avoid former contrasts in dualism dangerous to the order of the state and civil moraity. Even non-Catholics can celebrate marriages before ministers of their respective cults on condition that they observe the rules established by the laws of the state, while those not professing any religion can still have civil marriage. “Definitely Establishes Peace.” Once the faculty is admitted of being married by the laws of the church, the premier continued, it is natural that the validity of the marriage cannot be 1219 F St. Queen with its own shoes, $8.50 Illustrated are four of the many new Spring models lines. This Sprin ‘ Let Your .’g’lzacf? Be Choose a Smart Shoe Wardrobe Now! For Spring, Fashion insists, you should match each new frock 0 Queen Quality Shoes show you how to ac- complish this with true economy and comple $0.50 1o $]250 to choose from. 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Ecclesiastical authorities have no rights of interference in the | schools, not even regarding re]!glun,l with the exception that teachers in this branch must be provided with a cer- tificate of competency from the bishop of the diocese and that books on re- ligion must be approved by the ecclesiastical authorities. “Honorable deputies,” Premier Mus- solini concluded, “the Lateran treaty definitely establishes peace between two powers, the civil and the ecclesiastical; the concordat insures and regulates col- laboration between them. tion for building its greatness. present bill.” Both open | popular in Stockholm the opening of - the new addition of the wardman park hotel he newly completed edifice is'an eicht-storv.fire-proof’ stone and- brick "building containing 300 rooms. The plan of apartments is such that room-groups of various sizes are avail- able,each comprising complete house- fi keeping facilities.These suites may be ; had either unfurnished or furnished. 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