Evening Star Newspaper, March 10, 1929, Page 4

1 DRIVE T0'CHECK REBELS 1S BEGUN Calles in Personal Command. ! Insurgents Clustered in Central Mexico. (Continued From First Page) Tivoli gambling house, which remained closed. The jail was empty. Federal author- ities freed 90 prisoners, including 30 | held_for major offenses, just before the | rebel guns unloosed their fusillades. | Rebel forces, in complete control of | the city after the skirmish which lasted | five hours yesterday morning, were sta- | tioned at Fort Hidalgo and other stra- | tegic points, apparently prepared for ! any eventuality on the part of the gov- ernment to retake the city, aithough: none was at least momentarily expect- | ed. Federal forces, driven from the| were interned at Fort Bliss in El | A Tevised casualty list issued today | showed that the total number of dead | on both sides was 12 with 29 wounded. | Teddy Barnes, American barten ler | at the Mint Cafe in Juarez, was kilicd. | He was hit by a stray buliet while in | his room. | The_interned government forces at | Fort Bliss were wondering how long | they would have to remain in American | custody. Brig. Gen. George Van Horn | Moseley, commandant at Fort Bliss. safd | he had received no word from Wash- | ington after having reported that the Mexicans were interned at their own Tequest. % ‘ Officer Dies of Injuries. | ne of the interned men, Lieut. Riuz, died of injuries received in the battle. | Three others, suffering gun shot wounds, were transferred to the fort hospital. Gen. Marcelino Murrieta, in charge | of rebel forces in Juarez, took over-the « customs house and established hefd- quarters there. Gen. Miguel Valle, | leader of the troops which vanquished | the federal army in Juarez, occupied | Fort Hidalgo. Trains were running from Juarez as far south as Torreon today. SAYS REBELS DODG BATTLE. Government Reports Inability to Engage Foes as Yet. MEXICO CITY, March 9 (P.—An| oral digest given in advance of tonight's | official communique said that the rebels | thus far encountered by federal troops | had been without mettle and had re- treated at the first sign of battle. For| this reason, the government reported, | the federals have been unable to engage | the insurgents in any important battle | as yet. Gen. Calles, who took the field in person last night, wa$ reported to have advanced to Zacatecas, capital of “the state of the same name, and to have halted to provision his many troops | while his staff decided on a battle plan. | Zacatecas is only about 100 miles | south of Canitas, reported to be held by the rebel Gen. Urbalejo with troops greatly outnumbered by the Calles forces. It was denied that Gen. Juan Andreu Almazan had joined the rebels, as they claimed, and it was said that he now was at Monterey preparing to sdvance against the enemy intrenched at Tor- reon. Almazan previously had been re- ported at Saltillo, some distance west | of Monterey and nearer Torreon. ‘The government spokesman said that rebel troops from Sonora “have reached Culiacan, Sinola,” but did not say whether that state capital had falien into their hands. B The situation at Juarez, captured by | Insurgents yesterday, was reported un- changed. Federal Gen. Eulogio Ortiz | was still at Paredon, Coahuila, with no news of his expected advance against | Torreon. | Reports of heavy fighting between | civilian rebels and federal soldiers in the State of Colima, 600 miles west of | here, were contained in press dispatches tonight. The rebels were said to have been driven off after spirited attacks op Colima and its port, Manzanillo. Priest Reported Executed. ‘The dispatches told of the capture and execution after summary court martial of an alleged priest, J. Guad- alupe Michel,. who held the rank of general with the insurgents, and three other rebel leaders who were taken near Mamey. Three hundred rebels who attempted #o rescue these men after they had been brought to Manzanillo were repulsed by | federal outposts stationed in the high | hills around the port. Gen. Heliodoro Chalis, federal military commander in the' state, managed to keep the railroad | between the two ecities. open despite | three days of fighting and tonight re- {)cncd the situation entirely under con- rol. ‘The reports said that the rebels had lost 32 killed during the three days, while the federals lost an officer and two soldiers. A number of women among the rebels captured were not executed. Miner engagements occurred at Mamey, Ayutilan and Camotlan. Michel was said to have offered 5,000 pesos for his freedom, but his execu- tioners were adamant. REBELS REPORT VICTORIES | Federals Claimed Routed at Caliente, 300 Being Captured. NOGALES, Ariz, March 9 (P).— Revolutionary chiefs in Northern Mexi- co tonight were marshaling their forces for battle with the strong government armies moving into the central part of the republic to halt a rebel advance toward Mexico City. Following upon yesterday's victory at | Juarez, rebel leaders at Nogales, Sonora, reported today another successful en- gagment in the state of Chihuahua and said that Gen. Ramon F. Iturbe was preparing to attack retreating federal forces in the state of Sinaola, which have taken a stand at the west coast scaport of Mazatlan. Gen. Marcelo Caraveo, governor of Chihuahua, Gen. Alberto Amayo and Gen. Urbajelo were declared to be plan- ning a consolidation of their forces for an advance into Central Mexico. Rebel cavalry, under Gen. Luis Ibarra and Carlos Espinosa, clashed with fed- erals at Rancho Ojo, Caliente, Chi- huahua, and put them to rout after taking 300 prisoners, said advices re- ceived by Gen. Francisco Borquez, rebel MEXICAN AVIATORS l TRAINING HERE FOR formed official quarters, that the Hoover | Coolidge, is inalterably opposed to the | governmen! ' THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON, D. 0, MARCH 10, 1929—PART T. FIRST PICTURES OF MEXICO’S NEW REVOLUTION Upper: United States Artillery from Fort Bliss sent to river opposite Juarez to command Mexican city. Center: . Troop train with Mexican rebels arriving at Juarex. Bottom: Mexican federals atop Juarez buildings awaiting rebel attack. —Telephoto pictures from Pacific and Atlantic Photos. DUTY AGAINST REBELS| (Continued From First Page) able evidence, in the opinion of in-| administration, like that of President | overthrow of the present established | t by armed force in Mexico. | A specific request from the Mexican | government for munitions from Army | reserve supplies did not reach the War Department until late yesterday. Man- uel C. Tellez, the Mexican Ambassador, had been informed, however, that such a request would be honored and the War Department was prepared to begin movement of the’ necessary supplies from Government arsenals to the bor- der with the utmost dispatch. The nine Mexican fiyers will be ine Navy Vought Corsair fighting planes. | structed in the handling of the fast| | they are not accustomed to ships of the Corsair type, The three pilots who already have begun their training here are Col. Samuel C. Rojas, present military at- tache at the Mexican embassy; First Lieut. Paul Azcarate and First Lieut. Rodolfo Torres, It is expected that about a week of training on the speedy fighting planes will enable them to re- turn to Mexico and create a nucleus of the new aerial fighting squadron which is to be formed around the new planes. Arrangements for the training of the nine Mexican officers were made through the State Department and the Navy Department in advance of the outbreak of hostilities in the revolting Mexican areas, but in view of the un- settled conditions in that country and the possibility that skilled pilots may be required for immediate aerial com- bat service and scouting, the training will be pushed through as soon as pos- sible, it was learned last night. Plans for the training of the men were made quietly and it was not until |after the training actually had begun that the fact became known, and then through unofficial channels, though | six of which have been ordered by the | Mexican government for military use. All nine officers have had flying train- {ing and are experienced pilots, but general plan for the drive on Mexico City. The threatened air attack on Nogales Sonora, across the border from her by government planes from Baja Call fornia, which has remained loyal under Gov. Abelardo Rodriguez, failed to ma- terialize. The destruction of two planes in a fire at the Mexicali Alrport was thought to have diminished the chances | that Gov. Rodriguez would send air- | men to bomb the rebel stronghold in Nogales. Announcement nacio Soto of Agua Prieta would be { sent to Washington, as an envoy of the | revolutionary government of Sonora. Revolt leaders today claimed to con- trol the States of Sonora, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Sinaloa, Durango and San commander in Northern Sonora. The cavalry was part of the armr of Gen J. G. Escobar. Claims Arms Taken, Gen. Escobar, in a me quez, said arms and ammunition also were taken in the fight. He report that “following the civilized proceeding” established at Monterey, the lives of all prisoners were spared. Gen. Escob captured Monterey early in the week but later evacuated the city. “The enemy could not resist our men in their onslaught,” the message read, adding that other enemy detachments “will be actively pursued.” On the Sinaola front Gen. Carillo was reported to have 2250 Federal troops d in fortified positions at Mazat- > rebel column un- which was nearing the en. Tturbe seaport The were in control of Culi: ! of Sinaola, and detach P! { marched through that city on their way south for the ex- pected battle at M Railro: tracks destroyed b treating go ernment forces were rapidly being re- paired, Gen. Iturbe advised. The rcbel general announce establiched military Culiacan and that torney. had been named provisional governor of Sinaloa. Gen. Iturbe said he wes well supplied with cash and that rebe 'd he had Celso Gaxiola. at- the move on Mazatlan was part of the and throat with a razor, Luis Potosi Gov. Abelardo Rodriguez announced that his officers had arrested Col. | carlos Lopez in Baja California and were holding him on suspicion. Lopez ge to Bor- | was implicated in an attempt two years | su to smuggle arms across the inter- fonal border. He recently was re- ed from McNeil Penitentiary. ! REBELS ENTRAIN FOR SOUTH. Detachment of 250 Leaves Juarez to Meet Federal Forces. EL PASO, Tex., March 9 (#).—Some rebel soldiers and a group of offi- entrained for the south from | Juarcz late today to meet Mexican | federal forces Teported advancing on ‘Torreon. Miguel Val who led the scheduled atlack against Juarez, was {in_command. “The soldiers were equipped with rifles, . ammunition and machine milies of the soldiers went with cers | gun the ATTEMPTS SUICIDE IN CELL. MEXICO CITY, March 9 (#).—Ge { IJ us M. Ferricra, former chief of mil headquarters in | tary operations in the State of Chihua- | hua. attempted suicide in his cell in the military prison here rather than face a court-martial on charge of implication in the revolution. He slashed his arms was made that Ig- | later it was officially confirmed. The granting of flying instruction to repre- | sentatives of foreign governments is | not_unusual, both the Army and the Navy extending this courtesy to for- elgn army and navy pilots by arrange- {ment with the State Department. A |number of foreign government pilots have taken courses of flying training | with both the Army and the Navy, fly- ing all types of service planes.’ | | "No specific instructors have been as- | | signed to the Mexican pilots, though | | Lieut. Harvey R. Bowes and Lieut. Er- | | nest W. Litch assumed the burden of | | the instruction work during the first training flights. Army Munition Supply. The Army’s surplus supply of Enfleld | | rifles is estimated at more than 4,000,- | 000 weapons, while it holds in reserve | aprrcximately - 500,000,000 rounds of ar/nunition to fit them. There will be | Tno delay whatever in transporting the rifies and ammunition. Some delay | may occur in connection with bombs | and machine guns for airplanes as the | | Mexican government needs types that | could be fitted to converted commercial | planes. There is some question whether | ch types are available. The munitions are to be gathered | from arsenals at Rock Island, I, | { Columbus, Ohlo. and possibly Raritan, | {N. J. They will be concentrated, it is | | understood, at the arsenal at San | Antonio to await further shipping orders | |from the Mexican government. The | United States Army, it was stated, will | be responsible for delivery of the | | supplies to any point along the border |but the Mexican government must |assume responsibility for their transfer into Mexico. | Arrangements for shipment of the | munitions were completed at a confer- | ence between Secretary of State Kel- | logg. Secretary of War Good, Gen, | | Chatles P. Summerall, chief of staff of the Army, and Col. Stanley H. Ford, the | conferees’ anticipating the arrival of =2 | specific Tequest from the Mexican gov- | | erument. Secretary Kellogg later re- ported to President Hoover at the White ! Honse The Enfield rifles requested by Mex- feo are the same type of weapon used by the American Army during the World War. The United States Army since the war, however, has adopted a Springfield rifle. Enfield rifles were particularly desirable during the World with which they could be turned out, a vital factor in those days. ‘The Governors of Texas and Arizona, the States through which Mexican troop movements would be likely to oc- cur, have been asked, it was understood, if they would object. This precaution is customary and it was added that if | either Staté objected such movements would not be authorized in thelr ter- ritory. Truce Report Ordered. Brig. Gen. Van Horn Moseley, who | arranged the truce between the fede) Ists and insurrectionists at Juarez Fri- day, has been asked to send to Wash- ington a complete report on the condi- tions under which the revolutionists permitted the 303 federalists, including three generals, to cross the frontier into El Paso, where they are now “detained” by Army officials. Until that report is received no disposition will be made of the refugees. It was stated on high authority, how- ever, that since the United States has not recognized the insurrectionists as lawful belligerents the Government would in no way be bound by any agreement Gen. Moseley might have made. The Mexican government has not requested the United States to re- turn the soldiers to Mexico, but it was sald that if such a request were re- ceived it probably would be honored if Mexico furnished the means of getting the refugees across the border. As a Start for a Hard Day A HOT BATH ““is most Automatic Gas Water Heater (Storage or Instantaneous Pittsburg Automatic Instantaneous Type Call 1305 G St. N.W. War, it was said, because of the speed —assures you an abundance of hot water at all times at the cheapest possible rate per gallon. For Prices and Immediate Installation Your Gas Cc.—Your Plumber EDGAR MORRIS SALES CO. Factory Dist, Lutors HOOVER VIEW HELD DAMPERONREVLT | President’s Firm Stand and! Morrow’s Position Both Aid Federals. BY DREW PEARSON. | The Mexican revolution which was | timed to start on the day Herbert | Hoover assumed office, now is pretty | well petering out due chiefly to the | | policy of Herbert Hoover. | Behind that fact is an amazing story | of Mexican personal intrigue and po- litical rivalry and the strong hand of Dwight W. Morrow, American Am- | | bassador. _The story begins with the assassina- tion of Obregon last Summer. That doughty warrior had been elected pres- ident for a second time. He had sur- rounded humself with a group of men, who, upon his inauguration, would fill his cabinet and other high offices. These men were bitter enemies of the retiring president, Plutarco Elias Calles, despite the personal friendship between Calles and Obregon. These men fa- vored a militant agrarian policy and were more lenient toward the Catholic Church than were Calles and his min- ister of industry, Luis Morones, who fa- vored the labor groups and a ruthless policy toward the church. Suddenly Obregon was no more. Sud- | | | 1 | | | SONORANS CALLED MEXIGAN YANKEES Aspects of Geography of Re- gion Involved in Revolu- tion Are Given. ! | | Many of the 28 states of Mexico have ! been mentioned in stories of the recent revolutionary outbreak, but nearly alll news storles agree in the prominence | of four—Sonora, Coahuila, Nueva Leon | and Vera Cruz. A bulletin from head- quarters of the National Geographic So- ciety gives the geographic and economic background of these four states and of three key cities, Monterey, Vera Cruz and Tampico. “Sonora, in Northwestern Mexico, which is the fountainhead of the new revolution, has points in common with | our own Southwest,” says the bulletin. | “To many Mexicans in other states the Sonorans are the :Yankees of Mexico." ‘This is because of their alertness and activity and because contacts with Americans have shaped many of the Sonoran customs. Library Exhibits Documents of Early| American History A collection of books, papers and documents relating to the history of America, from the time of the dis- covery to 1814, and of great impor- tance to historians, collectors and curiosity seekers, is on public exhibi- tion at the Library of Congress, through the courtesy of Maggs Bros. of London. ‘The collection, totaling 106 pieces, some of them very rare, includes let- ters and documents signed by Charles V, Philip III and Philip IV, proclamations by James I, including one for the arrest of Sir Walter Raleigh. There are writings by or relating to Pomponius Mela, Amerigo Vespucci, Hernando Cortes, Sir Francis Drake, Sir John Hawkins, Martin _Frobisher, Garcilasso de la Vega, Peter Martyr, Louis Joseph Montcolm, Capt. Napier, and the pirate, Capt. Kidd. Many of these pieces are from the men who ordered, carried out, or in some way had to do with the conquest of the Western World. All of them are in prime condition. | connection with the United States. Mining and Ranching Chief Activities. “Nearly every well-to-do family among the merchants and ranchers has | half of the eastern gulf coast of Mexico. | sent its sons and daughters to schools “The state of Vera Cruz is a narrow band of territory covering the lower AGTION ON SHOALS | ASKED OF HOOVER Inclusion in Extra Session Is Urged by Alabama Representative. | By the Associated Press. | Urging that no better method of farm | relief could be devised than the develop- ment and production of cheap fertilizer, | Representative Almon, Democrat, Ala- | bama, asked President Hoover yester- |day to include the settlement of the Muscle Shoals problem in the program {of the extra session of Congress. After calling at the White House to present his proposal, Almon said the President had said it seemed likely that the Muscle Shoals question could be | worked out by Congress. He added, how- ever, that Hoover had not held forth |any assurance that it would be taken lup at the forthcoming special session. | The Alabama Representative recom- | mended that no disposition be made of the property which included a lease for | can government to maintain railway a number of years of the power faeili- | ties. He said he told the President that | there is nothing he could do that would meet with more general approval of the people of the entire country than to | About midway of its coast line is the | have the Muscle Shoals problem set- in the United States, and it is not diffi- | city of Vera Cruz, which has been the | tled at the extra session. cult to find natives who speak English | fluently. There has been a stream of | American goods into the state, and in | Sonoran homes one Is constantly see- g American phonographs, sewing ma- chines, baby carriages and brass beds. “The state is primarily a mining and cattle ‘country. Rich silver, gold and| copper mines have been operated since the coming of the Spaniards, and there are treasures, some of the rarer min- erals. never yet worked commercially. In the southern end of the state is the valley of the Yaqui River, home of the Yaqui Indians. All Mexican govern- ments have found these Indians an un- ruly lot, and sanguinary wars have been fought with them. “Sonora has several gateway towns | along the American border. At Nogales | an important railway enters Mexico | from the United States, striking south to the Guif of California and thence along the Mexican west coast for 500 miles or more. Turning inland, it reaches Mexico City. djoining Sonora on the east is Chihuahua, Mexico's biggest state, | which, according to early reports, re-| mained faithful to the federal cause.! Immediately east of Chihuahua is Coahuila, another center of revolution- ary activity. Coahuila is a semi-arid | region crossed by mountains and with | some desert patches; but with consid- | erable areas on which wheat can be| grown and cattle pastured. It was to this state that Texas was linked when, | a century ago, that huge common- | wealth was a part of Mexico. Saltillo, | in the northern part of Coahuila, was a common capital, and to this remote | town, across deserts and barren moun- tains, the early American colonists of Texas had to go to present their pe- titions. Monterey Railway “Nerve Center.” “Monterey, capital of Lueva Leon, | about 130 miles south of Laredo, Tex., and 500 miles north of Mexico City, | has & population of more than 100,000 | and is one of the most progressive and | modern cities in Mexico. Its chief im- portance from a military point of view lies in the fact that it is the railway ‘nerve center' of the republic. Through Monterey passes the main railway line between Mexico City and the Eastern United States, crossing the United States-Mexican border at Laredo, Tex. ‘Two other railways from the border converge at Monterey; one from Enfile Pass, Tex., and one from Brownsville, Tex., near the mouth of the Rio Grande. “The spokes in the city’s wheel & railways also include a line extending due west to Torreon and the Mexican Lake_district, the main line south to San Louis Potosi and Mexico City, and a line southeastward to the port of ‘Tampico. Without this rail center, it will be almost impossible for the Mexi- water gateway of Mexico from the days of Cortez. From Vera Cruz a railway extends inland, climbing the mountain on which the City of Mexico lies. Tampico Growing in Importance. “Vera Cruz is for the most part a sugar and rice plantations and the growth of other tropical plants. There is no north and south railway through- out the state, only relatively short stretches of track up and down the coast from the port. This situation emphasizes the importance in the af- fairs of the state, of the city of Vera Cruz, the sea gateway, and the city of Orizba, 60 miles inland on the road to Mexico City. The holding of these two citles will mean control of the State. “In recent years the port of Vera Cruz has slipped somewhat from its former dominant position among Mexi- can ports, while Tampico, 230 miles to | the north, has grown rapidly in im- portance. This advance of Tampico at the expense of Vera Cruz has been due chiefly to two factors—the development | of petroleum supplies in the vicinity of | Tampico and labor and employment re- | strictions in Vera Cruz that have dis- couraged importers and exporters. Since a rallway has been in existence from Tampico onto the plateau at San Luis Potosi an ever-increasing stream of goods from overseas has flowed to Mex- ico City over this route. This geo- graphic and economic situation is of great importance to the federal govern- ment at this time. With Vera Cruz and Monterey in the hands of the rev- olutionists, the San Luis Potosi-Tampico route will give the City of Mexico its only avenue of intercourse with the | United States. BOY IS SOUGHT. Parents Ask Police Aid in Finding Son. Police last night were requested to search for William Smith, 14, who has been missing since Seéptember 14 from his home, 2706 Thirteenth street north- east. The hoy left a note saving that he had run away, but gave no clue as to his reason or where he intended to go. The boy’s parents. Mr. and Mrs. J. E Smith, told police they had delayed re. porting his absence in the hope from | day to dav that he would return. Mrs. | Smith said the boy often had exoressed | 2 desire to enlist in the Navy. She said | He added that the people have been “disappointed with the delay of Con- gress in putting the Muscle Shoals plant | | bulwark that rims the central plateau |into operation for the manufacture of | fertilizer, the purpose for which it was intended,” and that they were now looking to President Hoover for “speedy and proper settlement of the entirs | low-lying country given over to banana, question.” NAVAL ACADEMY CLASS | MEMBERS’ KIN SOUGHT ‘Navy Department Requests Infor- mation Be Sent to Chief of Navigation Bureau. Information is being sought by the Navy Department concerning relatives of four members of the Naval Acad emy, class of 1891. In an announce- ment made public yesterday, the de- partment requested that information as to the whereabouts of the relatives be sent to the chief of the Bureau of Navigation here, Out of the 102 members of the class | of 1891, the announcement. said, si | of the addresses of the next of kin have been obtained except concern- | ing this quartet. The four men whose relztives are sought are: Joseph Allen Leeds. Last known | address, _Philadelphia, Pa. Pather, Willilam R. Leeds. Will Walker Leonard. Last known address, 6017 Greenway avenue, Phil- adelphia, Pa. Was at one time with | the Francis Wilson Musical Comedy Co. | _Austin R. Davis. Killed in Tientsin, China, on July 3, 1900, while a captain in the Marine Corps. Next of kin, | father, Lucien B. Davis, minister, who resided in Savannah, Ga., and Atlanta, Ga., prior to 1908. Lucien Greathouse Smith. Died on | May 31, 1898, in St. Louils, Mo. | Funeral and interment at Greenville, 1. Last known address, 3729 Del- mar boulevard, St. Louis, Mo. Next of kin at time of entrance to the acad- | emy, father, E. W. Smith, Green- ville, TIL. Retired Naval Officer Dies. NORFOLK, Va., March 9 (#).—Lieut. Comdr, J. A. Guthrie, U. 8. N., retired. died suddenly at his home in Ocean View tonight. He was found dead by his wife. sitting in bed with his glasses on and holdine a magazine in his hand. He was 63 year: old. | | she went to Norfolk, Va., believing he might have joined the Navy there, but | eou'f"l find no record of such an enlist-! ment. Canton, China, “Beggars’ University” will teach printing, knitting, ete, to man, woman and child beggars. CREDIT Builds Roads, Water Works, Bridges and Other Public Improvements | denly his followers found themselves without the jobs they had been prom- ised. Despiie their opposition, Presi- | dent Calles put his friend Portes Gil in | the presidency for a provisional term of two years. . Scramble for Job Starts. ‘Immediately there began a scramble for the presidential nomination for the election to the succeeding term. Nom- ination by the national revolutionary party is tantamount to election and this became the chief goal. The presidential scramble spread even to the Mexican diplomats. reking home to throw their hats into the presidential ring. Among thnse !were Gilberto Valenzuela, Minister to London, and Ortiz Rubio, former Am- | bassador to Brazil and then Minister to | German; Another candidate was | Aaron Saenz, brother-in-law of Gen. | Calles and the foreign minister who wrote the petroleum notes which so disturbed Secretary Kellogg. It soon became apparent that Valen- | | zuela was out of the running for the nomination and that the National Revolutionary Party would nominate "Mth!r Saenz®or Ortiz Rubio. Valen- | zuela withdrew and it became a close iand bitter race between the latter iwo. | Saenz Followers Quit. The nominating convention was held | | &t Queretaro, birthplace of the 1917 | revolution and the city where Emperor | Maximilian was shot. It was held about one week before the inauguration of ‘Herben Hoover. Two days before the inauguration, Ortiz Rubio was victori- | ous and Aaron Saenz withdrew, to- | gether with his followers and threatened | & rump convention, | This split in the National Revolu-| | tionary Party coincided with another | cue which the disgruntled Obregonistas | led by Valenzuela, had been keeping in | mind for a month. This was to time | their revolution with the change of | governments in Washington. | To understand this, it is necessary | to appreciate the part which the | President of the United States must | necessarily and indirectly play in any | Mexican revolution. Mexico is heavily | in debt. It has a limited number of | arsenals. No revolution therefore, can be carried on without munitions from the outside and also without loans to pay for those munitions. The side which has this wins. It wins primarily because the problem of successful revo- lution in Mexico is chiefly a problem of | getting the greatest number of troops to desert to the other side. Troops de- sert to the side they think will win—to the side which has the munitions and | the money. Gambled on Hoover's Quickness. ‘This factor is the most important in any Mexican revolution. The friends of Obregon, who had found themselves | jobless after his assassination, gambled, therefore, on the hope that Herbert Hoover, coming into a new office, con- fronted with a new and important de- cision, would take enough time in mak- | ing it to let them secure the allegiance | of most of the Federal Army. \ ‘Thelr plans worked beautifully at first. | | Al during inaugural day when the! | decision of Herbert Hoover remained | unknown, they won over garrison after garrison. But at noon of the day he entered the executive office President | Hoover announced that the Coolidge ! policy of supporting the Mexican fed- | eral government would continue. From | that moment the troops began to desert | back to the federal government, and | the end of the revolution was in sight. | That is the story. Except that it | would not be complete without a word | regarding the peculiar and unique posi- tion of Dwight W. Morrow in Mexico. He has become the Government's ad- | viser on the most sacred problems of internal policy—Mexican finance, Mex- ican labor, the reform of the Mexican rallroads and the problem of getting the Indian population settled on the land. Mr. Morrow does not offer his advice. It is asked for. ‘The Ambassador has co-operated with the Calles-Portes Gil government. He | is convinced that this government de- serves to remain in office and he was instrumental in bringing Herbert Hoover to the same point of view. (Copyright, 1929.) ‘The Augsburg Aviso of Cologne is | said to be the oldest newspaper in ex- | istence. 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