Evening Star Newspaper, March 10, 1929, Page 39

MARCH 10. 1929—PART 2.~ THE :SUNDAY STAR. WASHINGTON, D. C. HOOVER EXPECTED TO AID LATIN AMERICA RELATIONS Extraordinary Qualities of President, Coupled With Good-Will Tour, Seen as Help in Set BY GASTON NERVAL, Authority on Latin American Affairs. THE United States today has a new President. In whae sense will this influence the foreign rela- cerned, there are good reasons to be- lieve that the change will be favorable | and beneficial to them. At least, it so appears from existing conditions surrounding Mr. election to the presidency and the great interest and optimism displayed by the republics south of the Rio Grande in his ultimate success. And this optimism may be explained readily, for the extraordimary qualities of the man who has taken the reins of the Government are indeed a guarantee to security and progress. Also because historical circumstances and the gen- eral desire existing from one extreme of the continent to the other in oblit- erating misunderstandings and preju- dices will aid materially the labors of the new Chief Executive respecting Latin America. And above all, because Mr. Hoover 1s in a position, truly privi- | leged. to successfully deal with matters | affecting their mutual relations. No other President in the history of the United States has found himself in a more auspicious position to deal with such matters than Mr. Hoover. He is the first Chief Executive of the Nation with whom the Latin Americans have become personally acquainted. Tour Aid to Relations. The first to conduct a tour of South America; to come in contact with its people, and discuss subjects of vital im- portance with its political leaders, there- by enabling him to appreciate, although for a limited time, the various prob- lems, necessities and their ways of thinking. This will aid him immeasurably to better learn the true sentiments and as- pirations of the Lafin republics. And also to understand their views and poli- cies, which until now have been ignored by this country, while those of the United States were being misinter- preted in South America. Moreover, his good-will tour of the southern republics, the tact and good judgment with which he conducted himself and his amenable disposition, have gained for himself the personal friendship of many. Every- where he-left admirers and adherents of his ideals. Even old “professional” enemies of the United States and other elements who for many years had been censuring the policies of the White House, thereby hindering the cause of pan-American- ism, willingly set aside all animosities and submitted before the unerring at- titude of Mr. Hoover. This remarkable change, who knows but perhaps was the result of their admiration for the distinguished guest, rather than an ad- mission of the policies of the United States. His mission in Latin America, a well known Central American writer pointed out with great wisdom, was to “conquer hearts.” And indeed many hearts did he conquer during his visit. Will he know how to treasure them during his four years of administration? Policies Base of Success Pointed. ‘The ul te success of the policies adopted by Mr. Hoover will lie: In enduring that spirit of good will, t friendly, atmosphere and good dis- awakened in them during his tour as President-elect. And in preserving intact, through all his administrative acts, that good feel- ing toward the United States just begin- ning to assert itself in the southern countries, where the former was being accused of imperialistic designs until Técently. To accomplish this, two things are necessary, , carry into practice his promises of non-intervention in the in- ternal politics of the Latin republics, to accord due respect to the small Cen- tral American sovereignties, and un- root that fear of Yankee imperialism. And secondly, that a solution be found to the various controversies now ex- isting betweeh the United States and each of the ‘Southern republics. Much will then be accomplished along the pan-Americanism. For once this is done, Latin America will contribute the rest; that is to say, their good will and co-operation which will come as a matter of course. Thus the solution would be complete. Regarding the non-intervention policies of the United States, in Latin America, Mr. Hoover will bear one thing in mind: That during his visit in the Spanish-speaking countries, he was more warmly greeted and praised when he declared in his speeches that his administration would not meddle in the internal affairs of other nations. At no time during his tour was he made the subject of greater ovations and jubilant demonstrations than when he announced that the policies of the United States were not and would never be imperialistic. Addresses Win Favor. His addresses in Ecuador and Central America, as well as his statements to the Buenos Aires press advocating the equality of the American nations, and | denying that the United States were | aiming to fill the roll of “big brother” in Latin America, made an enormous impression and constituted the success of his unofficial visit. Now that Mr. Hoover is at the helm | of the Government, he will remember the great enthusiasm with which the | Latin people received his promises of respect to the small soverelgnties. He well realizes that the most precious espiration of those people is their political independence. He is also aware that there exist certain misun- derstandings which have created a feel- ing of distrust and suspicion of the true intentions of the United States toward Latin America. ‘Thus it may be assumed that during his term of office, the new President will do everything possible to avoid the continuance or aggravation of those misunderstandings. And he will dedi- cate himself, without a doubt, to destroy that “legend of Yankee impe- rialism,” which until now has been so detrimental to Uncle Sam. If this is done, half of the labor will have been accomplished, The other half consists in giving particular attention to the various mat- ters now pending between the United States and several of the Latin Amer- ican republics. Some of these become more alarming day by day and require urgent consideration, for they are eco- nomic problems affecting them all And others, although of a political na- ture, also have a bearing upon economic relations, for in their solution depends the good will of these countries to trans- act business with Uncle Sam. Relations With Mexico Friendly. The diplomatic relations between the United States and Mexico at this writ- ing are friendly; more so than at any other time in their history. The solu- tion of the ofl controversy which had 80 hampered the relations of these two nations and the labors of the Com- mission of Claims created for the pur- pose of looking after the interests of American citizens in Mexico has great- ly dissipated existing difficulties. The Morrow mission has made possible a new and happy era in the diplomatic history of both countries. In the absence of future complica- tions, the government just established will not encounter the same difficulties witk Mexico that prevailed during past “ministrations. Simply because the 14 xican. policies now gre better. kaown e Hoover’s |- tling Problems. here and the United States' clearly un- derstood in Mexico. With the Central American republics, however, the future does not hold such a flattering perspective. Although their governments appear to be friendly them, in fact, are inclined to follow the policles of the White House, vet public | sentiment continues to gain momentum | against any attempt involving interfer- ence in their internal affairs by a stronger nation. Intervention Considered Menace. Even though the United States has repeatedly stated that she has no abor- tionist designs and that the sole motive of interventions is to protect the lives and property of her nationals residing in those countries, still the Central Ameri- cans believe that no matter how friendly sovereignties and endanger their eco- nomic independence. Any move made to involve the United States in another ad- venture of intervention might provoke disagreeable consequences. By only ful- filling his promise of maintaining a pol- icy of equality and respect for the small sovereignties will President Hoover bring about closer relations with the Caribbean countries. There is another problem now con- fronting Central America, the political and economic consequences of which undoubtedly will preoccupy the Hoover government. That being' the attitude of certain North American enterprises op- erating in those republics. Pursuing wholly pecuniary interests, these cor- porations are engaged in securing polit- ical influence that will permit them certain privileges and concessions very often detrimental to the welfare of the country wherein they operate. To at- tain their purpose, there are instances when they interfere either slyly or openly in their internal politics. ‘This has been carried to such an ex- treme that the case has arisen where Presidents have been elected or deposed because of the influence exercised by some foreign enterprise; revolutionary movements encouraged in like manner, and governments expressly constituted to grant the desires of a particular cor- poration. Fruit “Battle” Cited. In this connection, it may be well to remember that some time ago a con- troversy arose between two fruit com- panies which nearly provoked an armed conflict of two Central American coun- tries. Such state of affairs naturally must be unfavorable to the relations of those nations so affected and . the United States, who in the end pays in- directly for such disturbances. In abat- ing or correcting that unfavorable at- titude of those American enterprises in Central America, will the new Chief Executive face quite a‘task. To ac- complish this, they should be denied the official backing of the Washington Government, which they abuse, and left to follow their own course, subjected to the laws of the country wherein they operate. With Cuba, the principal buyer of the United States in Latin America, there exist also certain matters which need adjustment. The two most outstanding are: The problem involving the sugar tariff, an economic one, and the Platt amendment, of a itical character. ;nw first menuvn.id mr:u:hed tllrm; ing proportions within past several months, due to theifact that the Con- gress of the United Stages sidering the increase ™ tariffs on agri- cultural products, a: a result of the persistent demands of the American farmers. Chiefly among tho-> is the Cuban sugar. Should the duty on this particular in- dustry be increased, approximately 100 per cent over the one now in effect, the economic affairs of the island would suffer greatly, for it is on this product that Cuba’s economic prosperity de- pends. Should this come to pass, her exportation will diminish and the re- public as a whole would undergo a financial crisis. And what is more, she would be no longer Uncle Sam’s best customer. Island May Strike Back. As a result of this proposed increase the island is on the verge of declaring a “war of tariffs” against American prod- ucts, and, should it be sanctioned, the consequences would still be far more serious. At any rate, it will be very difficult for the Hoover Government to solve this vital problem, in which the interests and demands of the farmers in this country are entirely opposed to the American interests in Cuba and to the commercial and international relations of both republics. ‘The other problem, that of the Platt amendment, would not be the .cause’ of 5o much alarm if the former is satis- factorily adjusted. However, if such is not the case, the Cuban attitude re- specting this amendment, which author- izes the intervention of the United States in the island and allows her cer- tain concessions derived from her par- ticipation in Cuba's war of independ- "1‘::{ will indeed become more antago- nistic. With South America things stand more or less the same. It will be neces- sary to do away with existing misunder- standings, bring to an end the selfish aims of certain American corporations, guarantee the equity of loans extended to governments of those countries and see that the high tariffs do mot inter- fere with their commerce or impair their friendly relations with this coun- try. Argentina and Brazil are interested specially in the tariff question. And to the former this has a serious bearing in her economic life. In addition, there are other problems now facing South America which Mr. Hoover will have to consider: The oil controversy in Colombia, the financial reforms in Ecuador, the Tacna-Arica dispute, submitted to the United States for arbitration, and innumerable others emanating from the vast investments of American capital in Argentina, Chile, Peru, Bolivia, Venezuela, Colombia and still others, where American interests lsmoum to thousands of millions of dol- ars. :Flood of Gift’s Swamp Japan’s Royal Household | | So many presents were sent to the emperor and empress of Japan in cele- bration of the enthronement that it will be some time yet before they can all be arranged for inspection. All of them will have been handed over to the imperial household department some time in Febguary. Permission had to be obtained from the household authorities before any public group could send a present. By the middle of January over 1,000 ed and 680 of such gifts received. These, of course, were in addition to the host of articles which come from high officials prominent Japanese and foreign rulers, Among the novel presents which the emperor has received is an electric clock which tells the time in many dif- ferent parts of the world simultane- ously. This was sent by the city of Kobe. Other unique stuffed turtle lands; a ‘lary white bearski -Jepapese Tesidents rreunu include a huge rom the Loochoo Is- - stone - lantern and a 12 feet square from ot s Wagh. { toward the United States and a few of . tions of the northern republic? | So far as Latin America is con- | or peaceful those interferences might . be conducted, they are a menace to their | of these special permits had been grant- | | i -~ | S X BY C. PATRICK THOMPSON. HEN the Prince of Wales jumped on a train and went were faring in the stricken coal valleys of the North he threw a high light on unemployment in ated the whole vast and gloomy canvas. He also indicated that he and some other individual Englishmen who mat- the island horizon no higfer than a man's hand, but which, if left to drift unchecked over the soclar sky, will bring soclal body that will eventually have to be excised by the surgeon’s knife of Mussolini if the patients are to be saved There are pessimists and optimists in this mattér. Both realize that the root cause of Britain's troubles—the question nomic stress in an overindustrialized island whose increase in population has outrun the growth of industry while the tioning to anything like the degree nec- essary to relieve the population pressure. But they as to how the situ- Dean Inge Pessimistic. Dean Inge, for instance, makes the middle class flesh creep with prophesies by inferior human animéls who have votes in a democratic age. He sees Eng- land plunging into an abyss of .com- unism amid classes and the.roar of flames decency. A prophet as remote from Dean Inge in outlook and philosophy as H. G. Wells agrees that the democratic system is crumbling, but sees the collapse as the natural crash of an outworn house and |is Mot quite sure whether arising upon the ruins of the senile system he glimpses the Socialist Utopia of his dreams or an oligarchic society alonz the lines that are depicted in his “When the Sleeper Wakes.” | Getting back to earth from realms so speculative that all one glimpses there may be pure fantasy, one glimpses there ithat ‘the optimists are largely senti- mentalists (the term is no disparage- fment, for almost all of England’s great- est statesmen, adventurers and empire makers have been saturated with senti- ment), who hold that England and English character have always survived these strains and stresses and that there is no reason why the present phase, menacing as it seems, should not some- how or other be muddled through. Midway between these fwo schools come the realists who hope and cal- culate that trade will revive before the unrest can intensify itself and grow into a political tidal wave which will throw into power the unripe Socialist party in the clutch of the extremist element, which plans a predatory raid upon accumulated weath and the whole- sale nationalization of banks and in- dustry for the benefit of the masses on the border line of hunger. Cement of British Structure. Somewhere between the interstices of all' these come those quiet, earnest men consuming all property and to see for himself how men England which for the moment irradi~ ter perceive that there is a cloud on in.its train a mysterious cancer of the from the terrible remedies of Lenin. of her debt burdens apart—is the eco- sluice gates of emigration are not func- ation is going to end. warning of the destruction of civilization m the groans of the dying middle: upper BY HENRY W. BUNN. HE following is a brief sum- mary of the most important news of the world for the seven days ended March 9: ok Rk UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.—On March 4 Herbert Clark Hoover was in- augurated as President of the United States and Charles Curtis as Vice Presi- dent. The new cabinet is made up as Tol- lows: Secretary of State, Henry L. Stim- son of New York; Secretary of the Treasury, Andrew W. Mellon of Penn- g(l;ndnh; Secretary of War, James W. of Towa; Attorney General, Wil- liam’ D. Mitchell of Minnesota; Post- master General, Walter F. Brown cf Ohio;’ Secretary of the Navy, Charles Francis Adams of Massachusetts; ‘Sec- retary of the Interior, Ray Lyman Wil- bur of California; Secretary of Agricul ry of Commerce, Robert P. mont of Illinois, and Secretary of Labor, James J. Davis of Pennsylvania. Mr. Good has served in Congress. Mr. Mitchell gives up the office of solicitor general to become Attorney General. He is a Democrat, but it is no new thing to see a Democrat in a | Republican_cabinet. Roosavelt, for ex- ample, had two Democrats successively for Secretary of War. Mr. Brown has been active in the politics of his State and is promoted from assistant Secre- tary of Commerce. Mr. Adams is a member of that family which has fur- nished ' more_ distinguished men (in- cluding two Presidents) to the service of the State than any other American family. He resigns the office of treasurer of Harvard University to become Sec- retary of the Navy. He is a director in many enterprises, but is perhaps best known to the world as a skillful yachtsman. He should find his new office congenial. Dr. Wilbur resigns sidency of Leland Stanford Uni. to besome Secretary of the In- terior. He is a brother of the retiring Secretary of the Navy. Mr. Hyde was Governor of Missouri,’ 1921—25. He is krown for his opposition to the equal- ization fee principle of the McNary- Haugen bills. Mr. Lamont is an engi- neer, and since 1912 has been presi- dent of the American Steel Foundries. He is an ‘old friend of Mr. Hoovers’ and the latter has had opportunity to determine his'qualifications for the post recently relinquished by himself. He has served as & member of the United States Chamber of Commerce Commis- sion for the study of economic condi- tions in Europe, and was a member of Mr. Hoover's business men's com- mittee in connection with the Mississip- i Eennve and he is reputed a very rich man; he is, moreover, said to be a not- able promoter of art, scientific research, and Pumanitarian foundations. ‘The members of the new cabinet whose political activities have been im- portant are Mr. Stimson, Mr. Mellon, Mr. Good, Mr. Brown, Mr. Hyde and Mr. Davis. One, Mr. Mellon, is a bank- er; one, Mr. Lamont, is an_engineer; one, Dr. Wilbur, is a physician; six, Stimson, Good, Mitchell, Brown, Adams and Hyde are lawyers. Mr. Davis started the serious business of life as a boy worker in a puddling mill. Only two memibers of the new cabinet, name- 1y, Mellon and Davis were members of the retiring cabinet. In a special Sunday session on March 3, the House passed, 190 to 152, a reso- lution proposing postponement for one year of the effective date of the na- tional origin quotas provision of the immigration act of 1924. The Senate, however, declined to do business on the Sabbath, and Senator Reed of Penn- sylvania was easily able to filibuster off a vote during the brief Monday meefing of the Bepate Wefore the knell of the i AT flood. His business interests are ex- | who have always been the cement of the Seventieth Congress, so that this, like sundry other pi d .measures of the short session, died the death. Perhaps the most important clause in Mr. Hoover’s inaugural address is the following: - < “I propose to appoint a national com- mission for a searching investigation of the whole structure of our Federal sys- tem of jurisprudence to include the method of enforcement of the eight- centh amendment and the causes of abuse under it. Its purpose will be to make such recommendations for reors ganization of the administration of may be found desirable.” . / It would appear (though not from the inaugural address) that Mr. Hoover ad- vocates transfer of a‘lagge part of pro- hibition enforcement from the Treasury gepartment to the Department of Jus- ce. On March 5 the Senate in brief extra- ordinary session, confirmed the nomina- tions for cabinet portfolios of Stimson, Hyde and Lamont. Mr. Hoover did not submit the names of Mellon and Davis, regarding them (there is & precedent Why Eyes Are l It was an interesting doc- ument, touched with pathos. He had found the work congenial, he said; he was sorry to leave it. But his conscience would not allow him to continue to N 1833 a clerk in the Patent Office at Washington handed job like his. Every possible in- vention had been conceived and patented; there was nothing left to- invent! * ok In 1833—and nothing left to invent! Before .the railroads had spanned the continent! . Be- fore electricity lighted our streets and moved our cars! Before the telephone or the radio or the steamshovel or the dy- namo! At the very threshold c! the greatest period of mechan- { | ical advance that the world ka- ever known this young mar threw up his hands. i * K % A large section of the huma: race, in any age, belongs to th class of that mistaken youn: man. + You find men at every 1 | period, their eyes gripped by thc past, looking forward, when they look at all, only fo shudder and to fear. S There were the people who ! | criticized Jefferson because he 1 paid the enormous sum of { 160,000,000 francs for the worthl | | tract of land beyond the Alle- ghenies. Fortunately, he with- m and per- richest agri ry at a cost of less than 4 cents an acre. Federal laws and court procadure as tI Good, Mitchell, Brown, Adams, Wilbur, | be ¥ B AR ' British structure—the men who are working outslde of politics and outside of business interests, like the general of a thin army who bluff and fight alter- nately, holding a superior enemy at bay until the arrival of reserves—in this case the revival of trade, the end of the transition stage through which industry is passing, and perhaps the spread of birth control knowledge further down through the social strata, Here it may be mentioned that the outside observer—who sees only the mass of unemployed in the basic coal indus- try, business and employment further depressed by the February jump in the bank rate and the powerful Socialist party capitalizing social unrest for po- litical ends—is getting the British pic- ture out of its true perspective. ‘The nation is hard up and hard hit. She has probably 2,000,000 of unem- ployed, of whom 1,500,000 are receiving the dole. National and war debts cost around $1,500,000,000 a year. Her so- cial services—bribes for the masses, the die-hard element calls them—cost her as much again. The state shoulders half the cost of insurance and medical at- tention for the workers. Child workers get free education. Aged workers get state pensions. Unemployed get the dole, which now totals $5000,000 a week. These items are chiefly responsible for keeping Great Britain the most heavily taxed nation on earth. Economic Problems Hard. Her economic problems are not eased by the fact that industry is steadily moving south from its century-old cen- ter in the north, and is in_transition, and that old industries which have ab- sorbed great masses of labor are de- pressed, perhaps permanently de- pressed, while younger industries and expanding new businesses are spging- ing up in the sleepy south, the net re- of sorts) as “holdovers” from the late administration and action concerning them by the Senate as unnecessary. But the Senate adopted a resolution directing its judiclary committee “to inquire into and report to the Senate, (1) whether the head of any depart- ment of the Government may legally hold office as such after the expiration of the term of the President by whom he was appointed; and (2) whether, in view of the provisions of the laws of the United States, Andrew W. Mellon may 1 hold the office of Secretary of Treasury.” The significant passages of the pro- visions alluded to read as follows: “No person appointed to the office of the Treasury shall directly or indirectly be concerned or interested in carrying on business or trade or commerce”; and, “any internal revenue officer who is or shall become interested, directly or in- directly, in the production, rectification or redistillation of distilled spirits, shall dismissed from office.” . Scarcely any one expects even the wraith of a mouse to emerge from the mountainous resolution, but its adoption Front of Head BY BRUCE BARTON. They sneered at Fulton when his steamship lay building in the dry dock. The idea of a fool cupposing that he could run a boat without the aid of wind or tide! * X % They called Alaska derisively “Seward’s Folly” and “Seward’s Icebox,” never dreaming that th preducts of that icebox would a single year pay for its cost many times over. * Xk X with the London in 1877 branded lephone as the “la humbug” and solemnly i ior to the m of speak- They agreed Tim i it “far in well established syste! ing tubes. * k= Years ago they were sure that the automobile had reached the utmost possible perfection and hat the “saturation point” utomobile production was just around the corner. K The past few years have been n uncomfortable time for pessi- ttle faith. Yy pe bogets a greed that overreaches, overstays. & But human wants keep on in- creasing, and human _ingenuity is not yet at an end. What in definitely foretell, doubt that in 30 will be busi more intere ys no one can but who can years the wotld more profitable, g in every way? L It is pleasant and useful_to read the history of the past. e wise man does so, but he does it at night. During the working hours he keeps his eyes on the present and hi g future. r eyes w made to look forward. That's why they're in the front of the h I‘{ ! (Copyright, 1929.) Will Britain Go Red? WHERE BRITISH LABOR PROB- LEMS ARE INTENSIFIED — A MEETING OF UNEMPLOYED IN TRAFALGAR SQUARE. (Drawn by Joseph Simont) sult being that the great northern in- dustrial belt, along with the coal and iron area of Wales and the Scottish lowlands, is full of jobless and half-time men, despairing women, hungry chil- dren and broken homes. In these depressed areas the whole capitalist system has been under fire for years. But since the general strike ended there have been no riots or dis- turbances, and no hunger processions, with the possible exception of the march of some hundreds of unemployed to London, where they met in Trafalgar Square. No one has attempted to as- sassinate the prime minister or Winston Churchill (the one cabinet minister, who insists upon wearing a fur coat). And the big industrialists and great coal owners are without special police pro- tection on their estates. Further, there is a revolution in the social outlook which has steadily strengthened the Labor-Socialist party in suburbs formerly as Tory as rural areas. Up to two years ago the middle class regarded the miners as bolshe- vists. A. J. Cook is mainly to blame for that. Old gentlemen and ladies read his latest oration in the Times and asked why the government didn't put him against'a wall and shoot him, along with the rest of the miners’ leaders. The papers were full of editorial men- aces to labor. When it was suggested that it was a sad thing that miners shauld be starved inio surrender to mine owners, the con- sensus was that it served 'em darn well right, and although the Prince of Wales had sent a theck to the distress com- mittee in the Duchy of Cornwall terri- tory, if you suggested giving the money to the miners’ families you were liable, in strike and immediate post-strike days, to be regarded either as a weak- ling or else a person of secret sub- versive tendencies. That phase of public opinion based !'sons in Europe included in the minori: ! Germans—in the Saar, Poland (includ- !ing Silesia), the Baltic States, South 1and so the grand discussion was post- it upon the fear that the organized worker (Continued on Fifth Page.) The Story the Week Has Told created a faintly sulphurous stench at the outset of “the new things.” The President has summoned the Congress ta meet in extra session on April 15 for the special purposes of effecting “further agricultural relief” and “limited changes of tariff.” It is understood, however, that the Presi- dent will expect also passage of a resolu- tion postponing the effective date of the national origin quotas provision of the immigration act, and of reappor- tionment and census bills. The other day the Postmaster Gen- eral opened bids for carrying mail be- tween Cristobal, Panama Canal Zone, and Santiago, Chile, the contract pro- viding that the contractor may be re- quired to extend the service over the Andes to Buenos Aires and Montevidio. ‘The route will be as follows: Cristobal; Buenaventura and Tumoca, Colombia; Esmeraldas and Guayaquil, Ecuador; Punta Talara, Trujillo, Lima, Lomas and Mollendo, Pery; Arica, Iquique, Antofagasta Caldera, Coquimbo and Santiago, Chile, three times a week in each direction. made with an air mail route between Cristobal and mi recently estab- lished. ~With institution of the new route there will be direct air mail serv- ice between Montreal, Canada, and Santiago, Chile. Award has been made to the Pan- American-Grace Airways, Inc, of New York City, which company has had some successful experience in commer- cial aerial navigation. A company denominated the New York Air Terminals, Inc., heavily cap- italized, is about to establish a great airport, covering about 900 acres, just east of the Hackensack River and southwest of Secaucus, N. J. The proj- ect involves construction of a seaplane basin with depth of 45 feet and area of 56 acres, to give seaplanes and amphi- bians a run of over 3,000 feet. A good deal of filling-in will be required. It is said that work will start at once. The new port promises to be a lusty rival of the New;:ik airport, officially opened on Februz® 17. Elihu Root is a‘ Geneva at work (of course in an unofficial capacity) on a formula which should be at once satis- fying to our Senate and the govern- ments now participating in the World Court and enable us to participate in that body. It is a task calling for all the-address and exquisite technique of which Mr. Root is master. P GERMANY.—Of the 30,000,000 per- ties more or less under League of Na tions “protection” some 11,000,000 are Connection will be | {Competes With Priv for Se BY FREDERIC WILI TAM WILE. VI at the out- nistration has embarked upon what amounts to a competition with private en- terprise for the services of the | United States’ grand army of seasoned Government officlals. Mr. Hoover de- sires to retain those forces intact. {He “contemplates comparatively few changes” in Federal perscnnel, But the President is aware that big business is on the lookout for men with a back- zround of important Washington experi- ence and is prepared to outbid Uncle Sam for their services. Mr. Hoover ran up against this sit- uation before he had been in the White House a week. The initial occasion was his invitation to Gen. Herbert M. Lord to remain director of the budget. The | President has long been of opirfion that the man who has been master of the budget since July 1, 1922, is almost irreplaceable. He would like Lord to continue in office indefinitely. The gen- eral has consented to stay for the i mediate present, but Mr. Hoover kno that if Lord should be offered attrac- tive opportunities to improve his finan- cial position in private business life, it would be too much to expect the bud. | get director to remain at the Treasury | Department. The inducements wouldn’t | have to be very heavy. Lord's total emolument from the Government, as compensation for saving it millions of dollars a year, is exactly $10,000 per annum. Of that sum only $5,500 is budget salary. The other $4,500 fis | Lord’s retirement pay as a former brigadier general in the Army. He i during the past three or four years to | triple and quadruple his Washington pay. Shock to Patronage Element. Apart from the competition with big | business to keep competent men in Government employ, President Hoover's decree to reduce changes in the Fed- eral service to the minimum comes as a distinct shock to the political patron- age elements. No one in Washington can recall so smashing a blow to their hopes and to their traditional claims. What Hoover has proclaimed, in effect, is that “to the victors the spoils do not belong.” He has declared that the “spoils” belong to the men who now possess them, in so far as they are public servants “who have given honest and zealous service." If the White House ukase is carried out to ghe last degree, it means that the 820,000 men and women now on Uncle Sam’s pay roll can look forward to retention thereon, provided their rec- ords are spotless. It means that the Nation's myriads of postmasters will hang on, and with them the thousands of other presidential appointees who, since time immemorial, have had to shiver in their boots every time a new administration took office, even of the same political complexion as its prede- cessors. Secretary of (Continued From First Page.) rich men among those early alumni— rich, at least, as the Pacific Coast rates wealth. But, fortunately, they are still alive and healthy. r, when Wil- was not yet completed; money must be retained or found for new construction. There, the university had sustained a cruel setback in the destruction wrought by the earthquake of 1906. ‘Wibur has managed all this with his own shrewd common sense. In raising money, he has made a hom s out of a sow’s ear as well as any man alive icould have done it. However, it involved some _drastic measures, for which Wilbur had to fight. Notably, there was the crisis over tuition fees. Senator Stanford had versity. Wilbur and such associates as agreed with him from the beginning saw_that with the spread of American wealth in the last decade or two, the average American family could afford university tuition for their sons and daughters. There remained a minority, the boy from a very poor family, which Nobile, the commander. Apparently, also, it discovers a certain lack of ef- ficiency in the subordinate personnel. The committe¢ finds the conduct of Comdrs. Mariano and Zappi (in con- nection with the tragic death of Dr. Malmgren) as “not open to criticism, but rather worthy of praise.” On the other hand, it finds the con duct of Gen. Nobile in allowing him self to be rescued before his compan- lons, to lack justification. “It can, gerhxl“. be explained, but not justified, y the condition of physical and moral depression in which he found himself, full value of the step.” ally, the committee finds nothing but praise for the conduct of the res- cue parties, particularly, of course, touching on the work of the Russian ice Lreaker Krassin and the “chival- rous and generous sacrifice of Roald Amundsen.” * K X % MEXICO.—Another insurrection on the grand scale, apparently, is supported be federal troops in 10 or more states. We are told that, speaking in a large way, the insurrectionary leaders rep- resent the agrarian interests as against the industrial, with which latter the government, though not identified, is said to be closely allied; that, more- over, the insurrectionary leaders are, with what sincerity you please, playing up to the clerical interest. But the whole situation is viciously complicat- ed and the above indication of aligh- ments may be rather beside the mark. It might be more proper to say that the development is due to inveterate and invincible “orneriness” and abom- inable traditions. I leave it to others to descant of “‘Obregonistas,” “Callistas,” etc. Ex-president Calles has been made secretary of war. The sorry bu-tiess began on Saturday night, March 2-3, and first blood was spilled on the 5th. President Hoover has decided to sup- port the Portes Gil government, and the embargo proclaimed by President Coolidge in January, 1924, continues in force, the which forbids shipments of arms or munitions of war from the Tyrol, Czechoslovakia, Rumania, etc. Dr. Stresemann, the German foreign minister and the most important man in German politics, does not like the treatment of the German minorities in sundry cases, thinks the league sadly fails of its duty in that connection. He was expected to trumpet forth his feel- ings on the subject at the fifty-fourth session of the League of Nations Coun- cfl, which opened on March 4. He de- cided, however, not to stir up a how- d’ye-do that might adversely affect the deliberations now taking place in Paris, poned. * ok kK ITALY.—A committee, consisting of four generals, an admiral and a Senator appointed by the government to investi- gate the Italia episode, has rendered its report. The committee was ordered to inquire: (a) Into the causes of the de- struction of the Italia; (b) into the conduct of the survivors; (c) into the conduct of the rescue parties. The committee ascribes the wreck to a “faulty maneuver” and fixes full re- ibility therefor on Gen. Umberto United States to Mexico except such as may be approved by our Government (for use of the Mexican government ! recognized by ours or for non-military purposes) . The military developments to date have been. on the whole, favorable io the governmertt arms. * ¥ k ¥ H NOTES.—Marshal Foch is some- ‘what better. Dispatches tell of a three days’ battle between forces of the usurping governor of Hunan Province, China (backed by the “Kwangsi-Han- kow faction™). and forces of the ousted governor (who owns allegiance to the Nanking government), resulting in vic- tory for the former. During 1928 considerable advance was made in development of several of the competing methods for conversion of coal into oil toward the point of definite commercial tableness. When that probably has had a score of “offers” | bur took control the building scheme | founded the institution as a free uni- | which did not allow him to weigh the | 3 HOOVER FIGHTS TO KEEP CAPABLE U. S. OFFICIALS ate Enterprise Seek- ing to Outbid Government rvices. By the irony of fate, the men Presi- dent Hoover would like most to retain at Washington include those he is most likely to lose. They begin with the offi- cials of the executive departments, who comprise the so-called “little cabinet.” | They are the Undersecretaries and As- | sistant Secretaries; the presidents and chairmen of various Federal commis- sions; the chiefs of divisions and of subdivisions, and the heads of countless bureaus of varying degrees of magni- tude. A few of these men receive salaries of $10,000 a year. By far the majority of them get from $5,000 to $7,500 a year. There is hardly one of them who could not, at the cost of a long distance telephone call to New York, Baltimore, Philadelphia, Boston, Cleveland, Detroit, Chicago, St. Louis, or San Francisco, tie up with a firm or a corporation eager to hire him at double and treble his Washington pa2y check. One Instance Is Cited. President Hoover is in no doubt that lot of these seasoned, highly experi- enced civil servants are going to desert the ship of state and answer the siren | call of seductive salaries in private life. | Probably the case of Hoower's intimate iriend, Dr. Julius Klein, is a classic in- | stance. The President has certain plans for Dr. Klein's continued employment | in the Government. One of the re- | ported plans is to make Klein the White | House liaison officer between the various executive departmen's. It is to be & $10,000 post, when Congress creates it. | As chief of the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce under Hoover in the Department of Commerce, Dr. Klein has made a national and even an inter- | national reputation. The certainty is that any one of a dozen great Amer- ican industrial corporations would be happy to employ Dr. Klein as its sales export manager at wages designed to {make his present $7.500 Washington | salary look like pin money. The same thing applies to Gen. Lord. A man who can effect in Government the economies the director of the budget has to his credit during the past seven years would be worth his weight in gold per annum to sbme concern like Gen- eral Motors or the United States Steel Corporation or the National City Bank. President Hoover's wish to keep the | 820,000 men and women on the Federal pay roll in Government service, if their | records are good, doesn't mean that | they're all to be keg} on the same jobs | they now have. THe Hoover personnel decree mentions “shifts” that may be necessary. This doubtless refers to the reorganization plans the President is | known to have up his sleeve. He will | wage unrelenting war on overlapping and duplication in the Government departments as soon as he can clear for action. This will inevitably entail transfers of thousands of employes to other branches of the service. It will be a miracle if it does not also involve letting thousands of them out of the service altogether. (Copyright. 1929.) the Interior must scratch to raise the price of his board and books, and the working stu- dent. Y’lln. which Stanford adopted after a brief struggle, was to make the affluent pay and let the in- digent sign long-time notes. | Then rose the question of limiting at- | tendance. A horde of matriculates was storming all our universities. The in- stitutions supported to any degree by public funds could not deny them ad- mittance. In some State universities one instructor was struggling with 600 students. A privately endowed ver- sity with limited funds must choose be- tween quantity and quality. Wilbur and his sdvisers—again not without a struggl m; a policy of quality. Already, Stanford had limited admit- tance of woman students to 500. At present, it -limits both sexes to 3,500: |and if it follows Wilbur's lead, will | stretch that limit only when new funds | justify expansion. This policy empha- sizes that crown of a university's use- | fulness, research work. And in scientific | research, Stanford already stands very | high. ‘Would Change System. Pinally, Dr. Wilbur has been fighting for the last three or four yeats to adopt a daring new policy, which may become important not only to Stanford, but to all American universities. In late vears, and for what reason I know not, so- called “junior colleges” have sprung up all over the Pacific Blofi. These carry the student not only through his preparatory courses, but through the equivalent of the freshman and sopho- more years. Co-operating with this tendency, Wilbur proposed gradually to dispense with the freshman and sopho- more years at Stanford; to take up the entrant just at the point when his general education is finished and he be- gins, to specialize, and greatly to strengthen the post-graduate courses. Very likely he is here pioneering in tne American university of the future. He has met with serious opposition, espe- cially from alumni, who, elated with Sanford's recent successes on track and gridiron, believe that it would be bad for athletics. . “Rut now it looks as though that fight were won. He leaves the university, after 10 years of active management, with its | noble building scheme virtually com- plete, its finances as sound as the Fed- eral Reserve, its ideal and accomplisk- ment very high, its future expansion foreseen. He has stamped on it his own scientific cast of mind. Sclence, I might note here, means more to Wil- | bur that material gain or even accumu-« | 1ation of knowledge. He trains with | that faction, growing large in our aca~ demic world, which holds that science may belong really to the humanities; that it has as great possibilities for culture as the good old classics. And his | energies have flowed over the barrierg | of academic life. Active in Many Things. He has assumed leadership in a hun« | dred_activities for the general good of | the Pacific Coast. He has stood perhapg as the leading American spirit in the Institute of Pacific Relations, formed to eliminate the causes of friction on the shores of that neglected ocean. Only last year the Government recognize this international outlook of his by ape pointing him a delegate to the Pane American Conference—but I must stof this catalogue. He brings to that great catch-all, tha Interior Department, his large commoy sense, his sclentific spirit, his talent fof administration infused with progressivc. ism. He brings to the social life c Washington his wit, his human will and a most interesting family. Tho Wilburs have reared to attractive ma< turity three sons and two daughters. The daughters are married. The young- est son is still in the university. Thy two older sons follow their father's business of physician. Like the Hoovery they are a 100 per cent Stanford family, He brings a dinner table where flourishcy the real art of conversation. He bringy above all, a talent for friendship. Concerning which, let me snap thiy off with an anecdote. When he was a young physician in San Francisco, a certain Stanford glumnus visited him in point is reached, most of the important powers will be assured of “power” in- dependence; and by the same token oil will be deprived of the role to which (in _succession religion, dynastic ambitions, geperal staffs and sultana's whims) it seemed destined for a long period—the role, namely, of chief war- the world, the capacity of tient. Ri - sy m}'m prry epair com “There isn't any bill," replied “When I started out, I made up my mind that certain men I'd known in the university could never pay me for medi< cal treatment, no matter how rich they beunrl:e ut:l; Jhow poor I stayed. You're' on A (Copyright, 1920 lbur.