Evening Star Newspaper, March 10, 1929, Page 22

PROBLEMS SOLVED BY CHILD RESEARCH Apparent Brain Defects Are Traced to Source by Center Physicians. BY THOMAS R. HENRY. The boy is 10 years old and can't read. Apparently he can't be taught to read. He has been in school four years, but Rasn't made the progress that ordinary children make in one year. His teact ers have done their best and finally given him up in despair. His parents have worked with him at home, but their efforts have been fruitless. For some reason or other, the child's brain can’'t make the necessary connec- | tion between the printed symbol and its meaning. His mother is afraid he is feeble-minded. He shows, however, none of the stigm ness and does fai tests which have not reading or writing. The child can write better than he can read. He has been taught to make letters with painful effort. He even spell simple words, such as and “cat,” but he has difficulty reading them after he has written them forms his letters awkwardly and A few years ago such children had mal prospects When he was brought to the Wash- g to do with ington Child Research Center, Dr. Man- | del Sherman, the director, held a watch on him. He wanted to get the boy excited and told him that if he didn't write “dog” in a very brief specified interval he would be punished. Excited the threat, the boy worked fast. The task was completed well under the specified time. What the boy wrote was “God,” with the letters reversed in position as well as in order, just as “dog” would ap- ear in a mirror. He had written dog,” the child insisted. He worked with his right hand. This gave Dr Sherman his clue. left-handed? he asked the mother. top She denied this, but under persistent | peated vault in the basement of the Freer Art Gallry. questioning finally remembered that his father was left-handed and that the child had shown some slight tendency in this direction in infancy. Left- handedness is believed to be a heredi- tary character. The mother didn't want the child left-handed. regarding the trait as an obstacle in life, and was glad that she was able to overcome the un- welcome tendency. This explained the basis of the whole difficulty. This is one of several similar cases now before the staff of the research center. The children can't learn school and appear to have some brain defect. Sometimes the difficulty is con- fined to reading. Sometimes it extends to writing, speech and even movement. For all practical purposes such chil- dren appear feeble-minded. They represent hopeless problems for the school until the difficulty is traced to its source. The minds, however, are not really defective. The (‘Dmmul\h'a-) tion wires are intact but badly tangled and the task of untangling them is difficult. The balance has been upset between the right and left hemispheres of the brain, controlling transversely the sensory impressions of the right and left sides of the body. The cue for dealing with these cases was given for the first time in Wash- ington last Spring at the meeting of the American Congress of Physicians and Surgeons, by Dr. Samuel T. Orton of Cleveland, who described them as ariants in the establishment of ths physiologic leads in the hemispheres. Characters in Common. Study of these children had shown| eertain characters in common—such as exceptional difficulty in differentiating letters like p and g and b and d, to confuse words like “was” and “saw,” and to reverse paired letters or even| whole syllables or words so that they were read from right to left instead of left to right, as in normal reading. All| these children were found to have con- siderable ability to read from a mirror. ‘These children had no visual defect that could be demonstrated and made the proper brain assoclations with all visual objects except letters. They could call out quickly the names of objects and pictures. One 18-year-old boy who could read only a few simple’ ‘words was able to make a superior grade on an intelligence test based on pic- tures. The children also had a good memory for spoken words, and can interpret spoken lznguage. There are three levels of visual as- sociations, it is pointed out, each con- trolled by a different area of the brain. “The first level,” says Dr. Orton, “serves to give awareness that a visual sensa- tion comes from without and is not a recalled memory of things seen. This function, without much questi-n, resides in the calcarine cortex of the occipital lobes. The second level, that of objec- tive memories, serves as a storehouse for visual impressions of objects which have been seen. This function probably resides in the second type of occipital cortex which surrounds the calcarine area. Up to this point the two hemi- spheres of the brain apparently work in unison to produce a single conscious impression—that is the message relayed from the eyes to the two sides of the brain are fused so as to give only one impression. Neither of these functions is entirely lost as the result of the de- struction of either hemisphere. At the third, or associative level, however, de- struction in one hemisphere may result in complete loss of the ociative func- tion, resulting in inability to read, while destruction of exactly the same area in the opposite hemisphere will not give rise to any symptoms whate “The hemisphere in whi tion produces loss of the associative function is called the dominant hemi- sphere, and may be either the right or left. according to the side which habitu- ally initiates the motor responses of the individual. It is obvious that the visua Was the boy ever | in | THE SUNDAY PAGE FROM PRICELESS BIBLE ' [ BAIEYFIARLOYIOT TeY ey epnenrrriat Ai\lf‘f/.‘ull{l( l'tldlv”‘_} FSLIINDY CEFITY, i QT BY 445 SCAT MR RALTBY TSPy AN IIIDE CveRANENFa AY 1L ANBPALILOYVN O T LAALRAR renprcy mmA!/uouru’r- PR Y PEIITANY KA PIPGCNF TORE OY VI DT LASINY VS5 e | THORIEATRAIIIT ARNNPIPEL THERE Y 40 UEIE0 SOV N REILF P LIINFFIIRIA L B i D18y s1f Oy R NIOIIIPOSTELRS EFAY TRIEL 9L, ! 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A priceless treasure lies in a specially designed vault under a constant tem- perature in the basement of the Freer | Gallery of Art in a part of the original | 'mbled manuscript of the New Testa ment. The precious parchment reposes in a peculiarly built tin box ventilated 50 as to prevent deterioration and in an atmosphere consistent with the sands from under which it was found so as to | insure preservation. | Seme of the parchment upon which | the Greek letterings are made is goat- | skin, some sheepskin. | In thickness the parchment varies | from .13 mm. to .34 mm. The majority | of the leaves are over .20 mm. thick. The thinnest leaves are of goatskin and the thickest of sheepskin. The size of the leaves varies a good deal. At present the longest leaves | measure 13! inches (34.2 cm.) and| none of the leaves fall below 13 inches | (33 cm.) on the undecayed edge. As all | have wrinkled and shrunk somewhat with age and decay, the original length, | authorities believe, must have been | about 14 inches (35.5 cm). The original width is still harder to determine. Wrinkling and Shrinking. In the present state the widest leaves measure 93; inches, (24.7), but as the | binding edge has suffered almost com- plete decay, accompanied by wrinkling and shrinking, over about half of the leaf, it is believed that the original width must have been at least 11 inches (28 cm). The New Testament manuscript of the Pauline Epistles, when found, was | in almost hopelessly decayed condition. No value was placed on it either by the | dealer or by Mr. Freer in the purchase | of the collection, Neither was the con- | tent of the fragment known to either | of the parties, and it was preserved and sold with the three large manuscripts rather because of its association with | them than from any supposed value of its own. It was thought, however, that some words would prove legible ‘on each of | the pages if the leaves could be sepa- | { rated without too great mutilation, It was a blackened, decayed lump of | parchment as hard and as brittle as glue. A thin-bladed dinner knife was | used to separate the leaves, | | In a partly decayed, partly preserved { manuscript copy of the OId Testament | | there remains 107 leaves or fragments | {of leaves. Of these the first is a tiny | | fragment, which preceded the first | Psalm and may have belonged, it was | said, to an introductory statement but | | which more likely came from the bind- | ing, though the writing seems similar, E s Ink of Dark Brown. | In this manuscript the ink is of a dark brown coler and has faded but | little in the undecayed portions. On the | other hand, where the parchment has | ed so much as to be almost black, ¢ ink has become white. The edge Jf the decayed parts, where the parch- | | ment is brown and the ink has not ‘(hanxfid. is often very hard to read. records of one side only are used in| symbolic association and those of the other are elided or inactive in this proc- ess.” That is, according to Dr. Orton, a person reads with only one side of the brain. The extremely process of associating a printed symbol with its meaning takes place in only one hemisphere. But, he points out, each of the hemispheres is equally de- veloped in size and comples ture. This would imply that both the dominant and non-dominant spheres have been subjected to the same processes. If this is the case, he sociation process would leave some complicated | ity of struc- | hemi- | says, this as- Established 33 Years 1 Specials for Mon { Genuine Toric Glasses Far or Near Complete With Shell or Metal Frame Tecord of its functioning in the cerebral | celis of the non-dominant hemisphere. But due to the structure of the nervous | system this record would be the op- posite of that in the dominant hemi- | would be “God” und. sphere. “Dog” the letters turned velopment, _howev the brain has formed a habit of disrezarding the records of the non-dominant arca and accepting only those of the dominant area. In some how has happened to pr ment of thi nance of o lished. T to make handed 8 The only remedy thus far suggested is a patient retraining of the child with the object of establist he dominance of one of the cerebral hemispheres. Something has been a shed by training these children mirrors, but it Is essential that the retraining be started early in life This theory, according to Dr. Sher- man, is being taken u child research centers all over the cour vhere chil- dren are brought who cannot learn to read and who sometimes are diagnosed es feeble-minded. Some excellent re- sults have been chtained. cases ral area is not estab- s might result from t a left-handed child 1 with | In its de- | -——Star Staff Photo. b and numbers of the Psalms are in red, as also the word Diaptalma and its abbreviations. In the decayed portions the red ink has become very faint and at times quite illegible. The original manuscript of the Gos- pels was purch: by Mr. Freer from an Arab art dealer near Cairo, Egypt. in 1906. There are indications, it was aid, suggesting that the book may have come from the Church of Timothy in he Monastery Vinedresser, near where he Third Pyramid in Egypt formerly existed, U. S. AGRICULTURAL SURVEY IS PLANNED Thorough Analysis of Industries|! Will Be Made by Engineer- ing Council. Plans for a nation-wide, five-year sur- vey of the agricultural industries on a scale never before attempted, similar to the survey made by the Hoover commit- tee on waste in industry, is planned by the American Engineering Council, it was_announced yesterday by Lawrence W. Wallace, secretary of the council. The survey will be conducted in co- operation with the American Society of Agricultural Engineers, and thorough studies will be made of the economic, social, financial and engineering phases of agriculture in the United States. “It is the conviction of engineers that || such an analysis of the agricultural in- dustries would lead to a fundamental and an economic improvement through- out the realm of agriculture,” Wallace declared. Methods of determining the hin- drances to agricultural development and well being and the specific means of removing them will be worked out, it || is believed by the engineers, to the great benefit of the American farmer. 25 Colored Women Who Want Opportunity for Three-Months Employment Pleasant Work FULL OR PART TIME Can Earn Excellent Pay Extra Cash Bonus for All Workers at End of Three Months APPLY MONDAY, MARCH 11th From 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. Y.M.C.A.--1816 12thSt.N.W. ASK FOR MR. FEARING day and Tuesday | 3.50 1‘ Cemplete Outfit, With Case and Cleaner Included Genuine Toric KRYPTOK Invisible Bifocal Lenses First and best quality. “Iryptok Bifocal Lenses—(one pair 1o see near and far). Bes made. Sold regularly $15. | rrice Monday and Tuesday. Toric t lenses Special M I KAHN OPTICAL CO. 617 Seventh St. N.W. ' (Between F and G Streets) STAR, WASHIN ICRUISER PENSACOLA | LAUNCHING DATE SET |Second of 10,000-Ton Craft Will| Leave Ways at Norfolk April 25. | Following soon in the wake of the launching of the Salt Lake City, the | second of the eight 10,000-ton light | | cruisers now being built, the Pensacola | will be launched at the New York | Navy Yerd, April 25. Mis. Josic | Knotles Seligman of New York City, | daughter of William H. Knowles of | Pensacola, Fla., will be the sponsor for | the new craft, the Navy Department | znnounced yesterday. | The new Pensacola will be the sec- ond of its name on the naval roster. The original Pensacola, a first-class steam sloop-of-war, built at the Flor- {ida_city | 1859, was brought to the Washington ' iTON, D. C, MARCH 10, Navy Yard, where her engines were| built and installed. Admiral David Farragut commayd- ed the West Gulf Blockading Squad- ron to which the Pensacola was at‘ tached from 1861 to 1864, The vessel | took conspicuous part in engagements | with and in the capture of forts and | batteries below New Orleans April 24- | 25, 1862. She landed seamen and ma- rines at New Orleans, who hoisted the United States flag over the United States Mint, April 26, 1862. From 1866 to 1891 the Pensacola was on duty in the Pacific, European and South At~ lantic Squadrons and on special ser- | vice. She was used as a West Coast | training ship for some time. The vessel was sold and her name striken | from the Navy list two days before | Christmas, 1911. Tramping of sightseers and other people around the famous big tree grove | of Mariposa County, California, has | damaged so many root endings that the | soil around some trees has had to be | for which it was named in|loosened and additional soil layers have | Ferguson.” been added for protection, | 1929—PART ' 1. SCHOLARSHIP FUND BENEFITS MERGED Mount Holyoke and Vassar Col- leges Join in Event With The- ater Guild Attraction, The scholarship fund benefit perform- ances given annually by the alumnae | associations of Mount Holyoke and Vas- sar Colleges, will be merged this vear into one joint event, which will be pre- sented Friday night and Saturday aft- ernoon of this week in Poli’s Theater, The associations have arranged for the New York Theater Guild to appear in two outstanding shccesses, as part of their program for the current week here, beginning tomorrow. The joint committee of the two alumnae groups has taken over two of the performances “The Doctor's Dilemma” and “John on sale at the theater box office and in Mrs. Wilson Greene's bureau. They ean also be obtained from Miss Jean Dean Cole and Miss Margaret G. Barber, both at Mount Vernon Seminary. Each of the alumnae organizations has established during the past few years a scholarship fund of $10,000. | The interest from this money is used | annually in giving a scholarship to some local girl entering either school. GETS FELLO\;VsHiP AWARD | | Following Presentation of Prizes, Dr. Baldwin Leaves for Genoa. FREDERICK, Md, March 9 (Spe- cial).—Dr. Frances Elizabeth Baldwin, head of the history department of Hood College, has been awarded the Margaret E. Malthy Fellowship of $1,500 through the Washington Branch of the Ameri- can Association of University Women and the Social Science Research Counctl !Of New York Felowship of $2,250. In | July, Dr. Baldwin will go to Geneva to | attend the sessions of the League of her residence in England. HOP SPONSOR IN VIENNA. Rich Texan Is Backing Flight to Rome With $25.000 Prize. | VIENNA, March 9 )—Col. W. 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