Evening Star Newspaper, July 19, 1925, Page 61

Rambler Tells Story of a Pistorio |Four Tons of Dollar Bills Each Day HE SUNDAY Believed to Have Had Post With King Chamberlain at Italian Court Was Nicholas’ Position, According to Tradition in ICHOLAS PISTORIO, first of the name in the District, came to the United States and Washington in 1856 from Italy. "He jras born at Mes- sina in 1828 or 1829% and by an easy example in subtraction you will find ihat he was 26 or 27 years old when 26 came here. I tell you that he wes born in 1828 or 1829 by referring to the records which the health office keeps of deaths and to his death no- tice in The Star. The health office « record tells that Nicholas' Pistorio died August 18, 1888, 56 vears old, a musician, born in Messina, Italy; father and mother natives of Italy; place of death, 914 G street south: east, and interment at Mount Olivet Cemetery, August 20, 1888. In The Siar of August 17, 1888, is this: “On Friday, August 17, 1888, Nicholas Pistorio, in the 60th year of his age. Funeral from his late residence, 815 street southeast, Monday, August 20, at 8 am. Requiem mass at St. Peter's Church at 9 a.m. Relatives and friends invited to attend.” There is a family tradition that Nicholas was a court chamberlain to the King of Italy, and the Rambler has no way’ to verify this immedi- ~tely. He hopes that Premier Mus- Yini and his assistant, the King, on rcadin this ramble will cable me the i~*~'mation needed or will wireless 4~ 1:alian Ambassador to call on the i.amcler, give him the facts and take hiw home to lunch, or, preferably, dir—=r. Usually there is more sub s asice in dinner than lunch, or even luncheon. I hope that the invitation vill not conflict with my previous luncheon engagements at the White House and various embassies, though n general I am to be found at that famous restaurant, the Plate of Stew, two minutes after the 12 o'clock whistle blows. When the Prince of | Wales came to see me—— Well, whether Nicholas Pistorlo was or was not on terms with the K he was a musician and a man of merit, and to my crude and untrained thinking there is more credit in calling the thoughts and dreams of music masters out of a fiddle or a piccolo or bassoon than in being a court chamberlain to a king or opening doors, placing chairs and running ands for any man. Nicholas Pistorio came to Washing: ton to enlist in the Marine Band and | enlisted. He played for you at the White House concerts and many per- | sons knew him. Especially on the Navy Yard, was a sociable hat neighborhood, and a man was & man | even though he played a saxophone. Of course, that's going pretty far. Many of u saw Nicholas in the scarlet coat of the band, helping with his horn to touch men’s hearts with splendid song. Perhaps you did not know him. That was natural. There | may have been a social gulf, a so-| clal chasm, or at least some sort of a hiatus between you and him. You may have had an office or store of | one kind or another, and, of course, 4 man playing in a band and having only talent, good sense and an ade quate income not one vou could be clubby with. Nicholas Pistorio was a good man and grew to be what can be safely called a good old gentleman. He was hearty, kind, 4n- telligent, was gentle to his children, got on well with his wife and was more prosperous than many promi- nent persons today _who_have not MRS. R. F. CARDELLA, WHO WAS MISS MARGARET SAW. Y OF ST. LOUIS BEFORE HER MARRIAGE. PHOTO- cut down the trust on their home in 10 years nor finished paying for the automobile | * ok | ICHOLAS PISTORIO married a | Brooklyn, N. Y., girl, whose| ame was Ann Ragan. 1 like that name. It 1 could call the coun- try she or her father came from. I have no idea that her ancestors came or that they landed rrived in Maryland | in the Mayflower at Jamestown or with Lord Baltimore. | If the United ates depended | nitogether on descendants of seven- teenth century Immigrants some of our big jobs would be postponed. I think I know fellows whos came to the United States o who are as good Americans | T some of the great-great-grandsons vho ¢ they wa vears tFey stronge: more able to make a living i £ am sure I know some girls whose fathers and mothers never heard of Plymouth, Jamestown and St. Marys City, who are better-looking and have more style than some girls whose an- cestors were resldents of the places named. Generally they do not talk eloquently and unceasingly about patriotism, but I will not cut their ecquaintance for th Hard experience has taught me that | when a man insists on assuring me that he is honest and comes from a family of distinguished persons it is time for me to take a fresh grip on my pocketbook and logk around for a cop. When a man insists on informing me vhat confidential relations he holds| with Heaven, I feel that it is not safe | to lend him money. And when a| man_prances and gallops aroupd a platform, yelling his patriotism, 1 feel | well, I feel—so let us get baek to our story Mrs. Nicholas years before her Health Office I got this: Annie Maria Pistorio, died February 28, 1886, 49 vears old: born in®Brooklyn, N. lived in the District of Columbla 30 vears; father and mother born in Ire- jamd; place of death, 815 E street southeast; interment, Mount Olivet Cemetery, March 3, 1886.” In The tar, March 1, 1886, was this: “Pis- torfo, Sunday, February 28, 1886, at her late residence, 815 E street south- of ime to the col nted to—or oth- Certainly | and are fmmigrants es because se \ us rio died two and. At the Pista hu east. Annle M. Pistorio, beloved wife !F: of Nicholas Pistorio. Church, Requiem mass | pitol Hill, | The Star tells that he died at Gar Washington—Frank Cardella’s Career. OTOGRAPH TAKEN ABOUT 1890. FRANK CARDELLA. FROM A PH torio were Emily, who married James P. Robertsof}; Frank D., who married | Frances Padgett; John Nicholas, who | married Elizabeth M. Wheeler of St. | Louis; Elizabeth C. (Tillie), who mar- | ried Leonard P. Bradshaw; Josephine, who married Willlam Reynolds; Lil- | Han, who died at the age of 6. Pistorio’s Orchestra was organized | in 186§ A million feet that danced | to the music of that old band dance | no more. Tens of thousands of our | friends and kin were made happy. God give them rest and may their souls be happy and conscious that we love them. Two of the Pistorio boys had local fame as musiclans. Frank and John enlisted in the Marine Band when the: were young, and they studied musi under Prof. John Esputa. John Philip Sousa was a pupil of Prof.| Esputa at the same time. I have been | told this little story “About the time when F' John were taking music lessons rom | Prof. uta, Senator Sumner, who | lived at the corner of Vermont avenue and H street, where the Veterans Bureau is now, being a fine violinist | himself, heard the boys play and took keen interest in them, playing fre- quently with them 1 giving to Frank a fine old violin i ank and %ok k% <, PISTORIO 1894 his The Star, February denly, ¥. D. Pistorio, eldest son of Nicholas Pistorio, at 2:10 p.m. Febru- ary 22, 1894. Funeral from his late | residence, No. 618 Pennsylvania ave-| nue southeast, In The Star Fel the following ac death: Frank Pistorio, a well known mu siclan, and for eight vears leader of the orchestra at Harris' Bijou Thea- ter, fell in front of the stage entrance died February ttle notice in} “Pistorio. Sud- | ruary sount of to the theater on C street this after- noon about 2 o'clock, and expired in a few minutes. Deceased wasx one of the best known musicians of the city, and was grand master of the Musical Union, Knights of Labor. He was also a member of Lodge 15, B. and P. Order of Elks. His brother John a member of the orchestra, was up- stairs and hurried to his brother's side when he heard of the occurrence. | He died in his arms. “The death was sensational in its character. The musicians were on their way to the theater to play at the matinee. All of them had gone upstairs but the deceased. The s carpenter, Louis Boyd, had just ¢ downstairs to call the when he met Frank. deathly pale, and while he w ing to him he tottered a moment, into Body's arms, exclaiming dying, Louis; send for a doctor take me Hom “He was carried inside the stage entrance and messengers hurriedly summoned the ambulance and a doc- tor. Officer Herndon was passing at the time and rang for medical assist ance. Dr. Graham answered the sum mons. He administered hypodermic injections of whisky, but to no avail. Deceased was in the best of spirits just before his death, and told Lew Newmeyer, a brother Elk, that he felt very well. He leaves a wife and daughter.” John_Pistorio lived until June 17, 1919. The death fell ‘T am and | | Tuesday notice in field Hospital; that he was the be loved husband of Elizabeth N. Pis torlo; that the faneral would be held from the house, 2442 Twentieth street northwest, Friday, June 20; thence to | St. Thomas' Church, where mass for the repose of his soul would be said, | and that interment would be in Rock Creek Cemeter: John was a charter member of Musicians’ Local 161, presi- dent of it, and was a delegate to the national convention several times. In | the early 80s he was leader of the orchestra at the Globe Theater, later the Dime Museum, on the Avenue, and the site of which is covered by the Post Office Department. Later he was leader of the orchestra y. March 9 am. Brooklyn papers please ¢ i Children of.Jicholas Ann Pis MRS. CARDELLA AGE., IN MIDDLE | at Kernan's Lyceum and was known as one of the first-class varlety lead ers of the time. In Summers he play ed at Orkney Springs, Clifton Beach Colonial Beach and Marshall Hall. For several vears he traveled with Roble's Knickerbockers and with minstrel troupes. He was of the orchestra, and, I think r, when David Be. lasco_pre 1 a play (“Adrea”), with Mrs. Leslie Carter, at Convention Hall. He used to furnish music at the open. ing ball games and for horse sho at Warrenton, Culpeper and Lynch burg. He served several enlistments in_the National Guard Band. John's RAYMOND FRANCIS ~ CAR- DELLA. PHOTOGRAPH MADE IN THE 60s. wife died February 22, 1921, and their daughter, Irene ) torio, was the first woman to receive a degree in architecture from George Washington University and is now a scientific il lustrator in_the Geological Survey. Nicholas Pistorio had a brother who came to Washington in 1868 and died at his home, 528 Eighth street south- east, February 24, 1880, aged 42. He Wi Salvatore Pistorio, and his son, Domingo A., lives in an early home of Frank, 807 E street southeast, and is a watchman in the Post Office De- partment. When I began this story I meant to tell you of Frank Cardella. whose full name was Raymond Francls Cardella, but my space is short and I will be abie to tell only enough about him to explain the pictures on this page. He was born at Lexington, Ky., Septem- ber 17, 1836, lived in St. Louls when it was a small place, when Choteaus Pond was in the center of the city, the Prairie House one of the impor- tant points in the neighborhood and when Creve Couer Lake and River le Pere were far in the country. In 1862 he married Margaret S. Sawyer of St. Louis. His father was Liberto Cardella, & portrait painter, born in Ttaly in 1779, dled in this country in 1858, and in 1830 married a lady at Lexington, Ky., whose first name is the only clew the bler has. It was Charlotte. Lexinglon records of 1830 should show her family name. She died in October, 1837, and so far as known her only relatives are her niece, Ella May Wheeler, and her grandniece, Irene M. Pistorio, both of Washington. Frank Cardella came to Washington in 1876 as a clerk in the Surgeon General's Office. During_the Civil War he served in the 62d New York Regiment and was an enslgn in a fleet commanded by Commodore Porter. He dled at his home, 503 H street northwest, July 23, 1897, aged 59 years, and rests at Arlington. There is a record in the Health Office that Margaret Cardella, 58 vears old, dled December 13, 1899, at 725% Sixth street northwest; that she was born at Clinton, Mich.; lived in Washing ton 25 years and was buried at Arling- ton December 15, 1899. The Rambler assumes that she was the widow of Frank Cardella. Transplanting Eyes. HE science of the eye has also re. cently been the subject of discus- sion on account of reports of extraor dinary experiments in Vienna in con- nection with the transplanting of |eves. Walter Flnkler has actually claimed that he has been able success- fully to exchange the entire heads of various insects. Dr. Koppanyi of the Biologicel Institute at Vienna is more modest and confines his claims to the successful transplanting of eyes. The whole subject deserves mention in view of the fact that similar claims are bound to be made again. It is worth while, therefore, to make. cer- tain of what has and what has not been achieved in the experimen which have been carried out. Un- doubtedly eves have been trans- planted, ‘but they are useless for pur- poses of seeing. Dr. Blatt has made eye transplantation experiments up8n 400 fresh-water fish, 40 chickens and 80 rabbits. Needless to say, anes- thetis were used in every case. Ana- al healing took place in the case fish and 2 rabbits, but not in a &ingle case of a chicken. . Quick Auto Work. FROM Poland recently came word mobile, according to Popular Science. It is the invention of an engineer named Kernowskl, and he calls it the “Polonia,” after his native land. It 1s designed to bring about the utmost simplicity and speed in making re- pairs and replacements of parts. In a recent public test two machin- ists and a helper took down the motor. gear set, universal and rear axle in 14 minutes, and had the car com- pletely reassembled In 36 minutes additional. The car has a 6-cylinder motor, develops 45 horsepower and is said to be capable of a speed of more than a mile a minute. End of Tuberculosis. WENTY-FIVE years from now tuberculosis will be as uncommon in the British dominions as leprosy is today, according to Dr. C. W. Saleeby | of the London Medical Institute. He | be reduced to almost nothing and that | successtul ways will be discovered to | combat cancer. Largely through pre- | ventive methods the death rate from | tuberculosis has steadily decreased in | the United States. In 1910 the fatali- ties from this afiction of the lungs were nearly 140 for each 100,000 popu- lation and in 1922 less than 100. Money for Parisians From U. S. Tourists PARIS, July 9. HERE is a rush to Europe this year from the United States. All agree on that. There are more ships carrying Amer- fcans over to Kurope than there ever were before. Agreed. How many American tourists does that make for Paris? By and large, it is now said that the total number of passengers for Furope from America will exceed the 300,000 figure which has been ac- cepted commonly. Not very much, of course, for there are not enough ves- sels crossing the ocean to carry many more than that number—or even that. And not all go to Paris—far from it. Let us be generous and agree that possibly 200,000 money-spending Amer- icans will et to Paris this year. In the year 1900, with its great world’s fair which every one wanted to see, the total number of Americans passing through Paris was, in the largest calculations, not 100,000. There were not enough steamers to bring more, and there were not enough hotels and boarding and lodging houses to hold them, even when well distributed through the whole season. And what restricts the number yet more is that the tourist crowd does not distribute itself evenly, week by week, but comes pouring in betwéen June and September. P / This vear, no doubt, there is more room all around. Owing to immigra- tion restrictions in the United States, there are few emigrants coming back to Burope, and what would have been their quarters haye been tidied up for real tourists, those who wish to see Burope cheap! In one recent trip over from New York there were 600 students traveling third class, clean, comfortable and cheery. That means more money-spending in Paris, how- ever economical each individual may be, and it has to be added to the open- handed spending .of the greatly in- creasing number of second-class, one- and first-class American travel- How much average spending will it all make for the 200,000 American honest-to-goodness tourists in Paris this year? And how much profit or benefit and use will it be to Paris? A family of three grown-up per- sons,. one man and two women, told me they counted on making the whole trip, sea voyage, Paris and London and back to the United States, in five weeks' time for $2,000 all told. Such calculations are always too lit- tle and so let us call it _an even 100 or $700 a head. Put aside $200 aplece for travel (it is too little), and we have $500 apiece for board, lodging, sightseeing and buying things in London and Paris. What does Paris get? Except at the very big and swell hotels, Paris is cheaper than London and so are sightseeing and taxicabs. On the other hand, shopping in Paris more tempting, particularly to women. So it costs more, although even in Paris clothes prices are also lower—for women find it out and buy more. And so, out of the $500 to be spent per head in the two cities, we will allow $300 to Paris alone. Along come our American million- atres and pay from $10 to $20 a day for their hotel rooms where my friends paid from $1 to A very few may spend $500 a_head where very many |spend $5. We have to strike an average. We have to remember that woman tourists have saved up in | order to buy all sorts of women's | things when they get to Parls. A modérately high estimate will give $250 as the average amount spent {by American tourists per head in Paris. Taking this with the very high number we have accepted for such tourists in the present year, we bhave $50,000,000 spent this year in Paris by Americans actually there— that is, tourists. At the present rate of money exchange, this is more than 1,000,000,000 francs. This ns that Paris, through her h ‘agd shop keepers, has ex- ported {fito"the stomachs and on the backs of Americans on the spot prod- ucts for which this amount of money has been pald down. This is called “invisible exports.” It is certainly profitable export trade, with no dif- ficulty of transportation. All Parisians and most Americans concerned think the deal is worth the money. Of course, even tourists do not take food and sleep home with them, ex- cept in the form of brighter health and bigger travelers' tales. But a great part of their money is spent on “Paris articles”—a hat, earrings and perhaps an anklet, more than one dress, coats and capes and a scarf and pairs and pairs of gloves and um- brellas that are parasols. The man is lucky if he steals away with a briar pipe, such as grows in the French mountains. Two American ladies, ordering a cab in the morning at their hotel, said in their best French—"Louvre.” Their intention was good and they really meant the museum, to see the Venus de Milo and Mona Lisa and the rest. The cabman took them straight to the big shop of the same.name. What a providence! & /b STAR, WASHINGTON, of an astonishing sort of auto-| | also predicts that infant mortality will | JULY 1925 —PART D. C, 19, les Affected by Gasoline and Oil. BY CHARLES G. REINHART. HO is making all the dollar bills disappear? You can't blame it all on mother, with her new hats and bridge luncheons; nor on Jjunifor, with his frat dues and heavy dates; nor even on the flapper daugh- ter, with her party frocks and lip- sticks. They help, of course, but, after all, thelr expenditures hit only the old pay envelope. ‘The actual money remains in circulation. But somewhere somebody is taking all the fresh, crisp, new one-dollar bills that pour out from thé Bureau of Engraving and Printing at the rate of almost 500,000,000 a year, and is crumpling, soiling, greasing them so badly that within a month they are uselesg as money—fit only to be fed into the greedy jaws of the macerator | that chews outworn currency into pulp. Every day of the year approximately one and a half miliion of these notes, | about four tons, return to Washing. | ton, torn and marred almost beyond recognition, to be replaced by new money. Who is to blame? vandals? Frank White, treasurer of the United States (you'll see his signature in the lower right-hand corner of any dollar bill you can keep long enough to really look at it carefully) knows the answer. Mr. White says the mojorisf ally, the garage man, are p blame. There are two reasons for this. 1In| the first place, according to Mr. White, many touring motorists find it | necessary to carry actual currency in.| stead of checks. Secondly, they pay for their fuel chiefly with dollar bills “Gasoline is sold to the motorist principally in five-galion lots,” ex- plained Mr. White in his office in the Treasury Building in Washington “Five gallons cost a dollar or more. This means that virtually every time a motorist stops to buy fuel he passes a dollar bill, along with some change, to the garage keeper. If he should use a five or ten dollar bill instead, he receives most of his change in dollar notes. Now, the garage man’s hands are necessarily wet or greasy from the | gasoline and oil he handles. They leave their stains on the paper money 'othings causes paper currency to de Where are the UNCLE SAM COUNTS HIS MONEY BY MACHINERY. TH IRL IS OPERATING A MECHANISM WHICH AUTOMATICALLY STOPS WHEN 100 BILLS, ANY DENOMINATION, HAVE BEEN FED INTO IT. THE BIL ARE BUNDLED AND THE PROCESS IS REPEATED INDEFINITELY. . the increasing use and attendant wera. ing out of dollar bill more of them are used. Everything | costs more than it did a few yes to seasoning. From the time the D per was received by the bureau it was rushed through its various processes ago. Articles that once sold for 25 op | Of manufacture to completion and de. 30 cents now cost a dollar. There |liVered to the treasurer of the United | was a time when men handled a dol- | States in from three to four week lar bill carefully, because it meant | “The discontinuance of the s more to them. Now they are so com. | IN8 Process caused the bills to become | serve banks, this effort has provec mon an article of currency that they | Prittle and ¢ UL Bt e € | Ksnico L R e are treated carelessly. Men crumple | Was discovesed t they were not re- real demand for them and thrust them loossly jatg|maining in circulation, on an average, { their pockets, like change. This helps | ON&€r than six months. In numerous i o e | cuses ther did not last six months. | | “To meet the demands the Treasury i Tk ox % | was compelled to adopt a lower stand. 1 d A 'or paper mey, and MR WHITE referred to the recent | iy 5" consequence. the auality of the statements of Charles S. Dewey, | currency deteriorated to such an ex-| Assistant Ses ary of Treasury, be-|tent that there is 4 cc nt complaint fore a congressional committee in fur- | from bar 1l over the coun who explanation of the disappearing |are voicing the views of their cistom r note |ers. Thut the currency demand is Prior to the war, Mr. Dewey said, | diminishing is best demonstrated by the average life of the dollar bill was | the reports of payments of Federal Re. 12 months. Now it wears out in about | serve banks of currency of the one. half that time. During the war period | doliar® denomination durin: th: it was noticed that the currency was |three years, In 1922 $628,000,000 becoming much shorter lived. A num- | paid into circulation, in 1933 ber of conditions had arisen to de- | 000,000, in 1924 $S37.000,000 crease the durability. One concerned ! S . the quality of the paper used. | The distinctive paper manufactured | "T"HE difficulty, it appears, has been by Government contractors at Dalton, | + Increased by a constantly growing new money from the Mass., prior to the war was composed | demand for of 100 per cent linen rags. Owing to | banks by individuals throughout the | the Inability of the manufacturer to|country, particularly from women obtain linen in sufficient quantity the | The banks in turn attempt to satisfy proportions were greatly reduced by |their depositors by demanding only the admixture or at one time complete | new money. substitutior”of cotton rags. | ™It i« an expensive proposition,” ‘The change in the composition of | commented Mr. Dewe dirty note the paper,” id Mr. Dewey, ‘‘necessi put out to a commercial bank. As tated abandoning the process of resiz-|soon as- it gets the note the bank ing paper currency. This process con- | straps it up with others to send to the | sists of passing the paper bills through | Federal Reserve bank, in the hope that a solution of glue, which tends to bind |the notes reissued will be better the fibers of the paper together and | Every time a note goes through a make it more durable. It was discov- ered that paper composed of cotton did not properly absorb the glue and pre- sented a fuzzy appearance, which gradually flaked off. The elimination of the process reduced the life of the bill tance of member banks in an ef- | “or one thing, tive circulation. Owing to the fact however, that the cost of sllars falls on the member hile the cost of shipping paper cur n- | rency is absorbed by the Federal Re. no silver eration to the fact that use denomination w s adding an appreci. ment. / aint the public with the desir of accepting silver dollars iliary to paper money en formulated to increase n to fhe extent of $40,000,000. various Government have be op er in m Government employ United There are many reasons, the Secretary, “why should be restored to it ance in the currenc: structure. dollar is indefinite, whereas that of a 11 months. | cents to manufacture and keep in cir culation. If the Treasury can restore to circulation | silver dollars in continental United possessions, it can displace equal imounts of paper currency and effect ilver dol- em alone. The use of the lar is not an innovation. It has merely costs about 1 mill in shipping, han-| tain localiti dling and sorting. The older the note | s to restor: |the quicker it comes back and the|these coins | more times it is handled, so there are | per currenc no economies in using dirty money. | The demand for the redemption of old | notes is greater than we are able ""l | supply | ults| Andrew W. Mellon, Secretary of the | of the Bureau of Engraving and Print- | Treasury, has repeatedly urged the | out at all ing. Further seasoning was obtained | old-fashioned cartwheel, the smacker— | cials sa during manufacture by the slow and | the silver dollar—as a remedy for the | smaller denominations. orderly routing of the work through |existing situation. tle more than two years. The $10 bill the various printing processes. Fol-| “Following the violent fluctuations | wears out a bit sooner. The $5 can be lowing the printing an additional two |in the price of silver during 1 depended on for 18 months’ service. weeks of drying and seasoning was the Secretary states in his recent The United States notes are those given to the completed currency be-|nual report, “there was a | often referred to as ‘“greenbacks” or fore it was sealed and numbered and | decline in the number of silver dollars | “legal tenders.” They were originally delivered to the treasurer of the|in the hands of the public, and since |issued under authority of acts of 1862 United States, who ordinarily had suffi- | that time the circulation of these coins |and 1863. The notes are protected by cient reserve stocks to permit the new | has been considerably below the level |a gold reserve of approximately $153, currency to remain in his vaults for | maintained during and prior to the [000,000 held in the Treasury. They an additional month of seasoning be- | war.” are redeemable in gold coin, and will fore being pald into circulation. After submitting fables to show |be received for redemption by the at the number of silver dollars in | treasurer of the United States or any and all that is proposed an auxiliary to the pa- * x % % Prior to the w paper received from the mill was allowed to season for at least one month in the va durability, it would seem, the sil- ver dollar approaches The $20 bill, Treasury offi- “The greatly increased demands for | th . THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY PROPOSES TO RETURN TO THE SILVER DOLLAR. THIS SUB- STITUTION WOULD SAVE THE GOVERNMENT $828,000 ANNUALLY. THE PHOTOGRAPH SHOWS A MACERATOR, IN WHICH OLD PAPER MONEY IS DESTROYED. o Federal Reserve banks have sought the fort to keep the silver dollars in ac- shipping banks, | more, there was dollars, | since the public became accustomed | ng paper dollars and gave no | the ex- | of paper money of this able sum to thy expenses of govern- | he Treasury is now endeavoring Plans | & the | departments of the n requested to | - in the movement by using king salary payments to | throughout the explains the silver dollar former im- In the.first place, the life of the silver paper dollar does not at most exceed A paper dollar costs 17-10 therefore, 30,000,000 and 10,000,000 in our insular n annual saving of $828,000 on this | Federal Reserve bank for reissue it |lost its place in the circulation in cer- very limited amount of the $1,000 note, which apparently doesn't wear is the longest lived of the It lasts a lit- Now Replace Those Worn Outin Use Back to the Silver “Cartwheel” May Be Necessity Unless There Is a Change— Federal Reserve bank or branch United States notes may be issued in any denomination not less than $ Gold certificates may be issued ir any denomination not less t The following denominations are outstanding: $10, $20, $50, $100, $505, $1,000, $5,000 and 310,000, Silver certificates are issued against deposits of standard silver d avallable silver dollars in the genera fund of the Treasury. They may be issued in the following denominations $1, $2, $5, $10, $20, $50 and $100. Treasury notes of 1890 were in payment of silver bullion purc under the act of July 14, 1890, the so alled Sherman act. Under the act of March 14, 1900, these notes have beer canceled and retired whenever re ceived, and only a small amount re mains in circulation (§1,451 on Oc tober 1, 1923). Treasury notes of 189 are legal tender for ail debts, pub and private, except where otherwi expressly stipulated in ntract They are redeemable in United Stat gold coin or in standard silver dollars The Federal Reserve act, approve: December 23, 1913, established the Fe eral Reserve system and provided an elastic currency in the form of I eral Reserve notes. These notes issued at the discretion of the Fede Reserve Board, through the Fec Reserve agents. They are bac collateral in amount equal t issued. This collateral 1 gold or gold certificates. which has been discounted or chased in the open market by the Fe eral Reserve banks and which meets certain other require in the Federal Reserve Federal Res following $5, $10 $20, | 81,000 nd $10,00( certain prescrit bearing the circulati ir trust with the treasurer of the States. The notes are authorized t be issued in denominations of §1, $; $10, $20, $50, $100, $500 and $1,00 According to the report of the Treasury for 19. there was in circulation $4,754,772,754 of this money and c pita was $42.18 How are you taking vours—pape or silver? (Copyright, 1925.) terforate more quickly, no z es 2 E . 3 Helior staine: That s Lraarins nukes | currency and the shortened life, due [circulation had dropped from 72,000,000 Hours of Sleep. aoler b Tk 3o"a0Y | hoth to the change in composition of |in 1910 to 54,000,000 in 1924, he con- = : e e Tothin 30 Javs| (he paper and the elimination of the | tinued | QLEEP is one of the most important Teturned bills and you i find tha | sizing process, forced the Bureau of | “Efforts have been made from time | of all the natural functions. Its e i or tat e ] Engraving and Printing to speed up{to time to restore this coin to its for- | ,1cence even when relative only, con e g - sons for | its process of manufacture to such an|mer place in the currency structure. | A = 5 Bt ithare re: other{besons: o |1(sTVricss of manufgotirs (o sich an stitutes an anxiety by and a ter- | ror by night It is durd sleep that the nervous from vorld. It is t the heart snatches its 1a rtial breathing space frc | wear and tear of | It is during sleep and joints enjoy | boliday. It is durin only, that the food wi w plenish our forces reaches i lestination to be a ed. Sleep, then ence, but, as i other good thi excess. The old a man, eight ten hours for a fool, consi a formula for application to 1 duration of sleep, conta wisdom, but to afford any ance it must be kept very ela The seven hours therei man may when the repose is comples eyes are untroubl undisturbed by sound exempt from dre | conditions are not ful hour must be regarded as m in the case of 2 man who really does a man's work by day and “uses him sel as the saying is. Some people ake longer to perate than others, but no health requires ten hou over eight hours r mere sloth, which in the long run duces very undesirable effects One of the greatest enemies of sleep is the modern bed. The ideal bed is a plank bed, with the asperities soft ened by a mattress capable of suff cient indentation to admit the hips shoulders, and elbows. This bed should have & fall of about four inches from foot to head, and the pillows should not be bulky. In place of the plank, a box-mattress with fairly strong spiral springs may be permit ted to the latter-day sybarite, but it is certainly not neces: y even be said to be undesirable. The very worst and least reposeful type of bed is unfortu 2 the most common, name {s provided with a chain which sags in_the middle s are somefimes claimed to be hysienic; they are nothing of the sort; they are simply and irredeemably abominabl Some people declare that they unable to sleep “out of pure cussed ness,” as they express it. This means, of course, merely that they are un able to assign any cause for the trouble, but it does not mean that no cause exists. A very common cause which is, curiously enough, very sel | dom recognized as a cause, is cold | feet. It is said that the law in one State recognizes cold feet as a suff cient cause for div However that may be, it is certain that it is a very sufficient caus: insomnta, and, | therefore, for res ness by night nd bad temper by day ultin ed and 1 to ov of s is essenti the case there is dan re sloth rect one pro Caged With Flowers. N the great plum-growing district of Northern California bees being caged with the trees to insure pollenization of the blossoms with pollen only from other trees of equal quality, says Popular Mechanics Muoh loss has been occasioned to | growers in the past due to cross-fer- tilization of their pure-bred plums with pollen from wild species and in ferior varieties of the domestic fruit, resulting in crops of poorer grade and smaller size. A framework covered with strong mosquito net is built around each tree and a hive of bees is installed in the inclosure when the blossoms begin to appear. Freshly cut flowers from plum trees of equal- {1y good grade witd i@ ~ne caged are supplied to the insects ‘each day and from these blossoms the little workers carry the pollen to their home tree Cages have also been equipped with wheels so that an entire orchard can be covered with only a few of the in- closures in a short time. ar — Monument to Burro. MEMBERS of a Colorado mining association have decided to erect a stone or bronze monument to the burro in recognition of the help the animal has given in the development of the West, according to Popular Mechanics. Although the butt of jests and sometimes the victim of ill treat ment, the burro’s good qualities, de pendability, strength and endurance long have been appreciated by ploneers, prospectors and adventurers who have been seeking fame amrd for tune off the beaten trails, A Py