Evening Star Newspaper, March 1, 1925, Page 77

ILLUSTRATED FEATURES MAGAZINE SECTION he Sunday St f —e Part 5—8 Pages WASHINGTON, D. C. ) SUNDAY MORNING, MARCH . S. Inaugurations Always Reflect BY GENE THOMAS, ERHAPS it wasn't but one may be permitted the guess that President Coolidge’s first aver- sion to any kind of inaugural flourish v based on h knowledge of the j It was an “old-fashioned” inaugu- ration for which his advisers plead- ed, and those very words might have Xept the President mindful of that Jamboree which accompanied Andrew Jackson into the White House al- most a century ago Jackgon ran for the presidency twice before he was elected, so by the time his inauguration day dawned babies who had been named for him old enough to their to journey to Wash- ington the event. So many did make the trip that Daniel Webster on Inauguration eve wrote It though the Nation has s Capital. A great mul- ny to be fed without a miracle ady in the city In front of the Capitol the multi- tude gathered on the morning of March 4, 1 “Hurrah for Old Hick- ory!” they shouted as their hero ap- peareG and began his inaugural ad- dress. When he finished front-line spectators dodged 1he raced up the Capitol the presidential platform wWrung the new President's hand itulation. Grateful for sucl of affection, “Old Hickor go out that the Executive was open to all and that ese, crackers and orange punch would be served there. That invitation started one ties of history. When d at the White House found his guests walting for him, having been on the outside of crowd and he in its center when the race started. The President'sad- visers wanted to make the house- warming even more remarkable by keeptng the guests in the front yard But the democratic Jackson replied "No. Let them come in.” And come they did! The crowd de- cided to sample the host's refresh- | ments first and meet him afterward. They cha upon the waiters. They upset more glasses than they grasped. They spi punch than they | drank. They broke down doors to| and helped themselves to | ch that standing parents = tude t too m under rope word nsion 't the | t the the kitchen 1 there rrels of were Jackson an- other tion day, all keemingly tried to grasp his hand at once. His| aides, inst of introducing guests | to the President, had to lock arms | and form a barrier to keep them from [ him. To lessen the crush around the | Vresident, tubs of punch were placed | in the grounds outside of the Mansion That bait proved effective. not * N f\ retiring President, John Quiney | Adams Defving custom, he went | horse While his successor took | th of ofiie Ada friends | kewise would nothing to do | with the District of | Columbia militiamen even declined to | as the President-elect’s escort short, those who were still nurs- scars of the Adams-Jackson cam- raised a cold shoulder to the| affair And other visitors, determined that Andy Jackson should have .'\ll} the glory due him, ushered him into | the White House with an “old fash- joned” whoop that they hoped would reach the ears of horse-riding Adams. Inaugurations, like death and pub- Hcation of income tax returns, have a way of revealing such conditions in the great American family. George Washington's installation showed that a baby government was taking | its first step. Abraham Lincoln's dis- closed that divorce proceedings were in the air. \ They did not know just how to in- augurate George Washington. The President-elect thought the ceremony should be private. The people thought it should be | public. The Senate burst into debate on the gquestion “Shall the H\i‘.l‘.vri House of Congress stand or remain | seated when the President-elect en- ters its chamber?” e Chancellor Robert R. Livingston, who was to administer the oath of office, forgot to obtain a Bible unnl» the ceremony actually was \lndvr‘, way. Then he could not locate one in the alls of Congress. Hurrying to the nearby Masonic lodgeroom. he found the needed book there, and re- tu ed with it to escort the Presi- dent-elect to the open balcony, where he installed. Washington had sworn | 1o “preserve, protect and defend the | Constitution of the United States Chancellor Livingston shouted to the | crowd “Long live George President of the United States Critics pounced upon that cry. It was too much like the hated “Long | live the king!" They also frowned | upon Washington's wearing of a word at his inauguration. That, too, an emblem of rule by wisl) | ION® those present was the ath have ceremonies. serve ing paign was to be A8 soon Washington, hear Washing- people did | He stepped | inaugural speech from balcony Into the Senate chamber and addressed Congress only, members of Congress standing throughout the speech. Then, with officials of New York, in which city the first inauguration was held, and | with Congress, the President went to | a religious service In Paul's | Church. The church service, sword and the chancellor's cr. omitted at succeeding inaugurals and were introduced an extensive and a ball. Washington's in- s an experiment, just as his first administration was an effort 10 apply the new Constitution to the new republic. Both the original Con- | stitution and the original inaugural program had to be changed. Concerning the lack of an inaugu- ral ball in 1789, a bow must be made 1o Martha Washington. The Presi- dent-elect’s advisers, having over- come his objection to public exercises, intended to treat his opposition to a [ likewise. But it was learned that Mme. Washington was not ac- companying her husband to the seat government. That vetoed the ball. * x % not ton's the President’s | were there parade stallation W WWAR huns in the offing when Abra- ham Lincoln became President. Seven States had left the Union. Some persons were threatening to as- sassinate Lincoln during his inaugu- ral ceremonies. To prevent that, cavalrymen sur- rounded the carriage in which Lin- coln rode to the Capitol, troops stood front of the platform there and overlooked the grounds. As an added safeguard, soldiers were stationed on roofs and sidewalks along the parade route, with orders to shoot instantly any one who threatened the presidential party. Suddenly an alarming sound was heard! It came from the New Eng- lang delegation, marching little be- hind the President’s carriage. Investigation revealed that wooden pegs in the New Englanders’ shoes, upon transported from their native, snow-covered soil to warm, in cannon permit | speaking | | tion. | he would have an inauguration until Tke PENSION BUILDING, interior ard exterior, on the evenm 1, Witk 30000 persons lookitg o, ABRATAM. LINCOLN kissed 34 Foung g of President Hariisons Inauqu al Ball ladies Jhe TIRST INAUGURATION L__:figfi——:%_—i had shrunk until $o. as rank after o struck the they produced a dry Washington, the shoes squeaked. rank of squeaking street in unison, rasping scree—ch. “But,” as one ear-witness com- mented, “treason could not be charged to men with so much ‘music in their soles.’ " At the Capitol his inaugural addre: appeal for union: “My countrymen, one and all, think and well upon this subject. The Government will not as sail you. * * * We are not enemie but friends. We must not be enem Though passion may have strained, it must not break our bonds of af- fection.” Then, nearby Lincoln s, marked by its calmiy with Mrs. Lincoln and with 30,000 persons look- ing on, President Lincoln kissed 34 oung ladies. That act represented Father Abraham's” avowed desire to keep together his family of 34 States. At the ball that evening men spoke of the President’s hope that the Union could be préserved without war, but added their own fears that it could not. ‘Women, instead of commenting on gowns of the evening, speculated on what the secessionists might do on the morrow. Distinguished by presidential kiss- ing at the Capitol and gloom at the grand ball, Lincoln's inauguration told clearly that, although efforts were being made to stave it off, war was coming. standing * ok ok ok UTHERFORD B. HAYES almost was late for his own inaugura- Indeed, he did not know that 48 hours before the event. For not until March 2, 1877, did the special | electoral commission decide that he, rather than Samuel J. Tilden, had been elected President. oldiers Three, BY JENNIE MOORE. HEN the last gun is silenced, when the last smoke of bat- tle has drifted away, then what a greater courage is shown by the men who fought that fight if they join hands _and endeavor to build upon that biood-stained field a new habitation! There are three who acknowledged, a half-century and more ago, that they had fought a worthy enemy. After that admission, these three started out on a new pathway of thought and endeavored to reconstruct the coun- try which had been devastated by their warfare. For not only the South suffered during the Civil War, but the North as well. The three Civil War veterans, who serye today in Congress, have proved themselves possessed of that second courage. In the Senate, Francis Emroy Warren, Union veteran, serves today as chairman of the Senate committee on appropriations; In the House, Isaac R. Sherwood, Union officer of the highest rank, serves upon the committee on military affairs; there, too, Charles M. Stedman, Confederate veteran, repre- delivered | | the White House March 3. | the Capitol steps. Having won the office, sumed it in record time. Hayes as- He reached Then and there he was sworn into the presi- dency by Chief Justice Waite, Presi- dent Grant and three others being the only witnesses. That is the only | case of an elected President being sworn in privately, or before March 4. It was permitted because March 4, 1877, fell on Sunday, and it was de- sired to avoid an interregnum. On Monday, March 5, President Hayes took the oath of office publicly, on Instead of the gay ball and elab- orate afternoon procession which fea- tured most inaugurals of that period, there was a torchlight parade on in- auguration night. All Winter long Haye: pporters had been waiting to hear that he had won at the polls, so into that night-time parade the: pitched four months' pent-up en- thusiasm. Ten thousand torchbearers swung up Pennsylvania avenue toward the White House, singing the campaign song: “For Hay Marching On High above their heads banner bearing a rooster crowing verse: Cock-a-doodle-doo, Why Crows the Nation's rooster so? Because_the choice is good and true For R. B. Hayes and Wheeler, too. Unrestrained the serenaders marched into the White House grounds. They hailed the Chief Executive with “Three cheers for Rutherford B. Hayes, President of the United States!” When he appeared at the door they waved their torches toward the Mansion, exploded fireworks on the lawn and shot rockets through the trees. “Goodness me,” oldest inhabitants of Waghington gasped, shaking - their s and Wheeler We Are waved a and this that he draws both Democratic and Republican votes to his ballot box. At the end of long years of active | lives, these three present to their fel- low members in Congress extraordi- nary examples of physique and of vitality, as youthful in their thought as many haif their age and as active in their bodies as only old soldiers ever seem to be. Two physical marks they hold in common—height and bearing of greater dignity than the majority and sears from old wounds upon their gray heads. Each of them, sitting in his office in the Capitol Building or in the House or Senate Office Building, has told to the interviewer a little of his first days of service at the battle front. - In particular, fortune and a persistent questioner led each to tell of the battle in which he received the little blue .mark which he has carried with him six decades. Fo old soldiers like best to recall twi lights around the campfire, the biv- ouac of the Winter's night, the gen- eral's visit to their tent or the white dawn of peace. Gen. Sherwood, who leaves the sents his North Carolina district so well ' House on March 3, nevermore to re- 4 RUTHERFORD B. HAYES, only clected President whoever took the oath of ‘of fice itprivate —~ punchwere placed outside the Executive Marsion at Jacksots Tnstallation.cheese and Crackers wete 9, lro \ Portion of the brilliant parade.at WOODROW WILSONS Tnauquration m 1013 <~ heads as they compared the scene to the burning of the White House by British soldiers vears before. From the White House, the celebrants wound through the streets to party headquarters, called for a speech from Cel. “Bob” Ingersoll, and finally disbanded—well satisfied with their effort. They had ‘rolled celebrations of election night and inauguration day into one. They had reflected the fer- vor into which the United States had been whipped by its most contested presidential election. The curren week of 1925 contains an inauguration day, | America is enjoying prosperity, vet | Americans are not riotous in_their | good fortune. Intead, from the White House down, comes the urge to “meet prosperity with thrift” So the size of the inaugural parade is limited. An official ball on March 4 is taboo. Economy is the watchword. Once again an inauguration is be- speaking the state of the Nation. Progress of Century Seen in Inauguration BY GEORGE PORTER. XACTLY 100 years to a day pre- vious to the coming inauguration of Calvin Coolldge, who claims Massa- chusetts as his political residence, the last Bay State President began his term of office. LivcoLn takiug the oath of office | On March 4, 1825 John Quincy |Adams of Quincy, Mass, was in- | ducted into the highest office in the land, and an account of that cere- mony, if compared with the events scheduled to occur on the fourth day of mext month, will reveal in striking fashion the changes in cus- toms and the physical progress that has been made in the past century. In the first place, Mr. Coolidge will Journey to and from the Capitol in a 12-cylinder automobile, along a well paved avenue; Adams traversed ithe same route in a two-horse car- riage, over what would now be termed a “country road.” Our next President and Vice Presi- dent will pass between lines of spectators, thousands of whom will have been brought to Washington by special trains for the inaugural event. In 1525 there were no rail- roads and practically no out-of-town visitors in the National Capital for the inauguration Arriving at the House of Congress, President Coolidge will proceed to the east portico of the Capitol, and there in plain view of thousands of citizens, he will be The Chief Executive of a century ago went direct to the hall of the House of Representatives, where, in the presence of an audience whose num- bers were limited to the capacity of the room he was sworn in. Having received the oath of office Mr. Coolidge will deliver his inau- gural address, which millions of peo- ple throughout the land will hear by radio. In Adams' case the inaugural address preceded the administration of the oath, and was heard only by those fortunate enough to obtain ad- mittance to the House of Representa- tives. Every incident of interest nection with the coming inaugura- tion will be “shot” by the motion pieture cameramen and shown all in con- on Last Line of Reconstruction turn as a worker, has given it a message of deep meaning. With the keen-sightedness of a man who has lived and worked through one great reconstructive period, he has told his fellow members and left a message for the new men who are coming, that their task will be one of the greatest in the history of the Nation. His farewell to them is the statement that the problems they will have to solve are more moral or ethical than they are economic. There was opportunity in 1861 for the man who got there first, if the record of Gen. Isaac R. Sherwood, sole survivor of the Union forces now a member of the House of Repre- sentatives, is taken into account. For Gen. Sherwood enlisted in the 14th Ohlo Infantry on April 18, 1861, as a private, and was mustered out October 8, 1865, as a brigadier gen- eral. Unbroken service of his State followed that discharge from mili- tary service, until in 1873 he came to Congress to help in the legislation of the great reconstruction period. At that time there were with him 85 veterans of the Civil War. Now there are only two. Describing the retreat to Knox- ville, which took place in the Autumn of 1863, as part of the east Tennessee campaign, which has been called the “Valley Forge of the Civil ‘War,” Gen. Sherwood said: “I have occasion to remember that retreat with a sadness that lingers yet in memory, for it was during that retreat that a heavy shell exploded within 2 feet of me and killed my left ear for life. Fifty-two of my men were taken prisoners that day— as good men as ever carried arms in any army. And that is another rea- son for remembering it. “On the 13th of November Gen. Longstreet, with 20,000 veteran sol- diers, approached one wing of our army across the Holston River near Loudon, 20 miles below Knoxville. Although Gen. Burnside, in command of our army, had been notified of the great force approaching, with which Longstreet contemplated the annihi- lation of our forces, he gave no order for retreat. Not until Gen. Long- street_had laid his_pontoon_bridge across the river and crossed an army with artillery and cavalry Burnside give that order. di W 1 Gen. hen it came'l was detailed to cover 10 miles of it with my regiment. “For a while the enemy line halted wavering in its_tracks. Then rebel battery after battery swept into line and opened with grape and canister and shell, which crippled the battery “The more numerous forces of the4l was supporting, killed and maimed Confederate army a critical day of 8 back. At dusk we wen at Lenoir station, t into putting out ressed us; it was rmish and fall camp a strong line of pickets hecause of the close proximity of the en emy. Orders came about 9 o'clock to cut down our wagon trains, burn all our, tents, pro- visions and clothing, and continue the retredt toward Knoxville. Through | the failure of the field officer of the day in command of the picket line, which was unusually heavy, as I have said, 52 of my Company B men were not relieved and were taken captive. “Campbeil's station, 10 miles south of Knoxville, was our next stand. There Longstreet's veterans made an assault in three stretching across the answered that assault lines of valley. when battle We they came within range with the contents of 5,000 muskets and 30 Parrott and Napoleon gums: five gunners, dismantled three Parrott guns and killed six artillery horses. During that shellfire a shell came too near me, knocking me to the ground and killing my left ear for life. I [the other ear the order to retreat further and to cover the retreat with my regiment. “It has been said, was so reported |at the time, that my regiment made the retreat in fine style. ‘Skirmish, privation, hunger and cold’ A few days later T was to take part in one of the bloodiest battles of the war, for, after Franklin, the battlefield in front of Fort Sanders was the most aruesome and ghastly 1 ever wit- nessed during the four years' war. Since that wretched day I have hated war. In that last statement of Gen. Sherwood, the true humanitarian is (Continued on Fourth Page.) given the oath of office. | picked myself up in time to hear with | |over the | record world. The | of John Quiney gural ceremonies are | made sketches, which were not ¢ | reproduced in the newspapers | Descriptions of the 1 cover Washington papers nals of 1525 devoted i0 accounts of the ex to th of administrations. The “news” of Mr. Coolidgze succeeding Limself in the Executive Mansion will be flashed over telegraph and cable to |all parts of the earth a few minutes |after it happens. The first word | Adams naving succeeded Monroe did | not arrive in New York until March only pictor Adams’ a few h seve in local Jour- but one column reises incide L 18 % Xk HUNDRED years ago the inaug ration of the Vice President took place several hours previous to that of the President. The incoming Vice President at that time was John ( | Calhoun, and he took the oath of of- fice in the Ser chamber adminis tered by Gen ew Jackson short- ly after 10 in the morning; Gen. Jack the way, was at | that time serving Senator from Tennessee. and was accorded the hon- | or of swearing in the Vice President | because he was the oldest member of |the upper branch of Congress. { About noon a military escort, con- sisting of general and staff officers nd several volunteer companies, marched to 1333 F street northwest, | the residence of the President-elect |and there received the Incoming €hief Magistrate, together with Pres- ident Monroe and several officers of the Government Mr. Adams was attired “in a plain | suit_of black clothes made entirely of home manufactures” — apparently | something unusual, judging by the | care which the various accounts of the inauguration take to mention this act Led by a troop Executive party moved to the Capi- tol, where it was received by a de- tachment from the Marine Corps. In those days the spectators dld not stand behind wire ropes and view the President from a respectful dis- | tance. Adams and his escorts were joined by “an immense concourse of citizens, on foot, in carriages and on horseback,” who accompanied him to | the cCapitol At 12:20 o'clock party entered the sentatives. Those in the room at the time included the Vice President, the members of the Senate, a number of members of the House Represent- atives, the justices of the Supreme Court in their robes of office and tha foreign diplomats in the costumes ot their respective courts. Spectators crowded | the lobbies, the the Speaker's and, nota bene, the bar. There were soldlers in uni- form and well dressed women in the audience, which, according to the in- spired pen of of the reporters, “exhibited that most appropriate and interesting of assoclations, valor And of Caval the the presidential House of Repre- the galleries, »menade behind guarding beauty No mention is made of members of the cabinet being present, but this may be an sion made by the newspaper men, because their de- scriptions, by their own confession, are incomplete. An editorial in one of the Wash- ington papers, commenting on its correspondent’s account of the Adams inauguration, affords an interesting Insight into early American journal- ism: “We have not the time, neither have we the necessary materials, to make our rapidly sketched outline of the scenes of yestcrday more perfect. Among the cther things which it has been found impossible to enumerate | are the official or personal designa- tions of the members of the forelgn legations, or of our own civil, mili- tary and naval officers, who were present on the occasion.” >k ¥ 1825 when President Adams read his inaugural address prior to tak- ing the oath of office, he spoke from the Speaker's chair of the House of Representatives. The audience ap- plauded several passages during its delivery, and at its concluslon “a gen- eral plaudit burst forth from the vast assemblage, which continued some minutes.” Mr. Adams then walked down from the Speakers platform to a table which had been placed on the floor of the House, and around which the justices of the Supreme Court were seated. Chief Justice John Marshall presented the President-elect With a volume of the laws of the United States frgm which he read, with a loud voice, the oath of office. This event was cheered to the echo by the audience and heralded from without by salutes of artillery Congratulations were then in order, and the new President was kept busy shaking hands for some minutes. A local paper described the scene rather Poetically: “The congratulations which then poured in from every side occupied the hands and could not but reach the heart of President Adams. The meet- ing, between him and his venerated predecessor, Mr. Monroe, had In it something peculiarly affecting.” Gen. Andrew Jackson, who had been one of the four presidential candi- dates in the closely contested election of the previous November, which had been thrown into the House for de- cision, was one of the first to take the hand of the President, and their deportment toward each other was described as being “a rebuke to that littleness of party spirit which can see no merit in a rival, and feel no joy in the honor of a competitor.” Doubtless the most interested wit- of these ceremonies was John father of the incoming Presi- who, 28 rs before had en-, tered the executive chair of the Na- tion. This was an event which will probably never be repeated in Ameri- can history. It is also worthy of note that of the first five Presidents only one had a son, and he became the sixth President The entire ceremonies took little more than an hour, and shortly after 1 o'clock the President returned to his private residence, being escorted back as he came. Mrs. Monroe was, at the time, ill at the White House and it was President Adams' wish that she be not removed until fully recovered. AN ldea of the provinciality of Washington at that time can be derived from the fact that several gentlemen professed to have seen four eagles circling about the dome of the Capitol during the inaugural ceremonies. This event led a New York journal to inquires “Was their attention attracted by the immense concourse of people around the place? Or were they sent by our guardian spirit from their mountain eyry to augur continued and increased pros- perity to our happy country ?" Considerable “punch” was taken out of the whole story four days later, however, when the same paper printed a correction to the effect that the birds erroneously reported as eagles had, “on good authority,” been learned to be crows! dent, * k% K